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Tang R, Organista C, Romano L, Van Hoorebeke L, Stampanoni M, Aelterman J, Boone MN. Pixel-wise beam-hardening correction for dark-field signal in X-ray dual-phase grating interferometry. Opt Express 2023; 31:40450-40468. [PMID: 38041345 DOI: 10.1364/oe.499397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The dark-field signal provided by X-ray grating interferometry is an invaluable tool for providing structural information beyond the direct spatial resolution and their variations on a macroscopic scale. However, when using a polychromatic source, the beam-hardening effect in the dark-field signal makes the quantitative sub-resolution structural information inaccessible. Especially, the beam-hardening effect in dual-phase grating interferometry varies with spatial location, inter-grating distance, and diffraction order. In this work, we propose a beam-hardening correction algorithm, taking into account all these factors. The accuracy and robustness of the algorithm are then validated by experimental results. This work contributes a necessary step toward accessing small-angle scattering structural information in dual-phase grating interferometry.
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2
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Mortier C, Gracey E, Coudenys J, Manuello T, Decruy T, Maelegheer M, Stappers F, Gilis E, Gaublomme D, Van Hoorebeke L, Van Welden S, Ambler C, Hegen M, Symanowicz P, Steyn S, Berstein G, Elewaut D, Venken K. RORγt inhibition ameliorates IL-23 driven experimental psoriatic arthritis by predominantly modulating γδ-T cells. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3169-3178. [PMID: 36661300 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Divergent therapeutic outcomes on different disease domains have been noted with IL-23 and IL-17A-blockade in PsA. Therefore, elucidating the role of RORγt, the master regulator of type 17 immune responses, is of potential therapeutic interest. To this end, RORγt inhibition was assessed in combined skin, joint and gut inflammation in vivo, using a PsA model. METHODS We tested the efficacy of a RORγt antagonist in B10.RIII mice challenged with systemic overexpression of IL-23 by hydrodynamic injection of IL-23 enhanced episomal vector (IL-23 EEV). Clinical outcomes were evaluated by histopathology. Bone density and surface erosions were examined using micro-computed tomography. Cytokine production was measured in serum and by intracellular flow cytometry. Gene expression in PsA-related tissues was analysed by qPCR. RESULTS RORγt-blockade significantly ameliorated psoriasis, peripheral arthritis and colitis development in IL-23 EEV mice (improvement of clinical scores and weight loss respectively by 91.8%, 58.2% and 7.0%, P < 0.001), in line with profound suppression of an enhanced type IL-17 immune signature in PsA-affected tissues. Moreover, inflammation-induced bone loss and bone erosions were reduced (P < 0.05 in calcaneus, P < 0.01 in tibia). Sustained IL-23 overexpression resulted in only mild signs of sacroiliitis. Gamma-delta (γδ)-T cells, the dominant source of T cell-derived IL-17A and IL-22, were expanded during IL-23 overexpression, and together with Th17 cells, clearly countered by RORγt inhibition (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION RORγt-blockade shows therapeutic efficacy in a preclinical PsA model with protection towards extra-musculoskeletal manifestations, reflected by a clear attenuation of type 17 cytokine responses by γδ-T cells and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mortier
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Gracey
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teddy Manuello
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Margaux Maelegheer
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Flore Stappers
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Gilis
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Djoere Gaublomme
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Welden
- IBD Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Intestinal Barrier Signaling in Disease and Therapy, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefan Steyn
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Berstein
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Martens A, Hertens P, Priem D, Rinotas V, Meletakos T, Gennadi M, Van Hove L, Louagie E, Coudenys J, De Muynck A, Gaublomme D, Sze M, van Hengel J, Catrysse L, Hoste E, Zajac JD, Davey RA, Van Hoorebeke L, Hochepied T, Bertrand MJM, Armaka M, Elewaut D, van Loo G. A20 controls RANK-dependent osteoclast formation and bone physiology. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55233. [PMID: 36194667 PMCID: PMC9724664 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory protein A20 serves as a critical brake on NF-κB signaling and NF-κB-dependent inflammation. In humans, polymorphisms in or near the TNFAIP3/A20 gene have been associated with several inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and experimental studies in mice have demonstrated that myeloid-specific A20 deficiency causes the development of a severe polyarthritis resembling human RA. Myeloid A20 deficiency also promotes osteoclastogenesis in mice, suggesting a role for A20 in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and bone formation. We show here that osteoclast-specific A20 knockout mice develop severe osteoporosis, but not inflammatory arthritis. In vitro, osteoclast precursor cells from A20 deficient mice are hyper-responsive to RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Mechanistically, we show that A20 is recruited to the RANK receptor complex within minutes of ligand binding, where it restrains NF-κB activation independently of its deubiquitinating activity but through its zinc finger (ZnF) 4 and 7 ubiquitin-binding functions. Together, these data demonstrate that A20 acts as a regulator of RANK-induced NF-κB signaling to control osteoclast differentiation, assuring proper bone development and turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Martens
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Pieter Hertens
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Dario Priem
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Vagelis Rinotas
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming'VariGreece
| | | | - Meropi Gennadi
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming'VariGreece
| | - Lisette Van Hove
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Els Louagie
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of RheumatologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Julie Coudenys
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of RheumatologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | | | - Djoere Gaublomme
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of RheumatologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Mozes Sze
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | | | - Leen Catrysse
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Jeffrey D Zajac
- Department of Medicine, Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rachel A Davey
- Department of Medicine, Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - Tino Hochepied
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Marietta Armaka
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming'VariGreece
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of RheumatologyGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Center for Inflammation Research VIBGhentBelgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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4
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Falvo D'Urso Labate G, De Schryver T, Baino F, Debbaut C, Fragomeni G, Vitale-Brovarone C, Van Hoorebeke L, Segers P, Boone M, Catapano G. Towards the biomimetic design of hollow fiber membrane bioreactors for bioartificial organs and tissue engineering: A micro-computed tomography (μCT) approach. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Schreel JDM, Brodersen C, De Schryver T, Dierick M, Rubinstein A, Dewettinck K, Boone MN, Van Hoorebeke L, Steppe K. Foliar water uptake does not contribute to embolism repair in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Ann Bot 2022; 129:555-566. [PMID: 35141741 PMCID: PMC9007097 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Foliar water uptake has recently been suggested as a possible mechanism for the restoration of hydraulically dysfunctional xylem vessels. In this paper we used a combination of ecophysiological measurements, X-ray microcomputed tomography and cryo-scanning electron microscopy during a drought treatment to fully evaluate this hypothesis. KEY RESULTS Based on an assessment of these methods in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings we were able to (1) confirm an increase in the amount of hydraulically redistributed water absorbed by leaves when the soil water potential decreased, and (2) locate this redistributed water in hydraulically active vessels in the stem. However, (3) no embolism repair was observed irrespective of the organ under investigation (i.e. stem, petiole or leaf) or the intensity of drought. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence for a hydraulic pathway from the leaf surface to the stem xylem following a water potential gradient, but this pathway exists only in functional vessels and does not play a role in embolism repair for beech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen D M Schreel
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Craig Brodersen
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Thomas De Schryver
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Dewettinck
- Food Structure & Function Research Group, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGent Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT) – Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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6
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Beaudet A, Dumoncel J, Heaton JL, Pickering TR, Clarke RJ, Carlson KJ, Bam L, Van Hoorebeke L, Stratford D. Shape analysis of the StW 578 calotte from Jacovec Cavern, Gauteng (South Africa). S AFR J SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2022/11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The fossiliferous deposits within the lower-lying Jacovec Cavern in the locality of Sterkfontein yielded valuable hominin remains, including the StW 578 specimen. Because StW 578 mainly preserves the calotte, the taxonomic status of this specimen has been a matter of discussion. Within this context, here we employed high-resolution microtomography and a landmark-free registration method to explore taxonomically diagnostic features in the external surface of the StW 578 calotte. Our comparative sample included adult humans and common chimpanzees as well as one Australopithecus africanus specimen (Sts 5). We partially restored the StW 578 calotte digitally and compared it to extant specimens and Sts 5 using a landmark-free registration based on smooth and invertible surface deformation. Our comparative shape analysis reveals morphological differences with extant humans, especially in the frontal bones, and with extant chimpanzees, as well as intriguing specificities in the morphology of the StW 578 parietal bones. Lastly, our study suggests morphological proximity between StW 578 and Sts 5. Given the intimate relationship between the brain and the braincase, as well as the integration of the hominin face and neurocranium, we suggest that cranial vault shape differences between StW 578 and extant humans, if confirmed by further analyses, could be either explained by differences in brain surface morphology or in the face. Besides providing additional information about the morphology of the Jacovec calotte that will be useful in future taxonomic discussion, this study introduces a new protocol for the landmark-free analysis of fossil hominin cranial shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Beaudet
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Catalan Institute of Palaeontology Miquel Crusafont, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean Dumoncel
- French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Jason L. Heaton
- Department of Biology, Birmingham- Southern College, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Department of Vertebrates, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Travis R. Pickering
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Department of Vertebrates, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ronald J. Clarke
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kristian J. Carlson
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Lunga Bam
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa), Pelindaba, South Africa
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UCGT Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominic Stratford
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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7
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Goharimanesh M, Ghassemzadeh F, De Kegel B, Van Hoorebeke L, Stöhr S, Mirshamsi O, Adriaens D. The evolutionary relationship between arm vertebrae shape and ecological lifestyle in brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). J Anat 2021; 240:1034-1047. [PMID: 34929059 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiuroidea are one of the most diverse classes among extant echinoderms, characterized by their flexible arms composed of a series of ossicles called vertebrae, articulating with each other proximally and distally. Their arms show a wide range of motion, important for feeding and locomotion, associated with their epizoic and non-epizoic lifestyles. It remains to be explored to what degree the phenotypic variation in these ossicles also reflects adaptations to these lifestyles, rather than only their phylogenetic affinity. In this study, we analyzed the 3D shape variation of six arm vertebrae from the middle and distal parts of an arm in 12 species, belonging to the intertidal, subtidal and bathyal zones and showing epizoic and non-epizoic behaviors. A PERMANOVA indicated a significant difference in ossicle morphology between species and between lifestyles. A principal component analysis showed that the morphology of epizoic ophiuroids is distinct from non-epizoic ones; which may reflect variation in arm function related to these different lifestyles. The Phylogenetic MANOVA and phylogenetic signal analysis showed that shape variation in the vertebral articulation seems to reflect ecological and functional adaptations, whereas phylogeny controls more the lateral morphology of the vertebrae. This suggests a convergent evolution through ecological adaptation to some degree, indicating that some of these characters may have limited taxonomic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Goharimanesh
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.,Research Group Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Barbara De Kegel
- Research Group Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Stöhr
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Omid Mirshamsi
- Department of Biology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dominique Adriaens
- Research Group Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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8
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Lowie A, De Kegel B, Wilkinson M, Measey J, O'Reilly JC, Kley NJ, Gaucher P, Brecko J, Kleinteich T, Van Hoorebeke L, Herrel A, Adriaens D. Under pressure: the relationship between cranial shape and burrowing force in caecilians (Gymnophiona). J Exp Biol 2021; 224:272111. [PMID: 34494653 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caecilians are elongate, limbless and annulated amphibians that, with the exception of one aquatic family, all have an at least partly fossorial lifestyle. It has been suggested that caecilian evolution resulted in sturdy and compact skulls with fused bones and tight sutures, as an adaptation to their head-first burrowing habits. However, although their cranial osteology is well described, relationships between form and function remain poorly understood. In the present study, we explored the relationship between cranial shape and in vivo burrowing forces. Using micro-computed tomography (µCT) data, we performed 3D geometric morphometrics to explore whether cranial and mandibular shapes reflected patterns that might be associated with maximal push forces. The results highlight important differences in maximal push forces, with the aquatic Typhlonectes producing a lower force for a given size compared with other species. Despite substantial differences in head morphology across species, no relationship between overall skull shape and push force could be detected. Although a strong phylogenetic signal may partly obscure the results, our conclusions confirm previous studies using biomechanical models and suggest that differences in the degree of fossoriality do not appear to be driving the evolution of head shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Lowie
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Kegel
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James C O'Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Cleveland Campus, SPS-334C, Cleveland, OH 45701, USA
| | - Nathan J Kley
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, T8 (082), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8081, USA
| | - Philippe Gaucher
- USR 3456, CNRS, Centre de recherche de Montabo IRD, CNRS-Guyane, 97334 Cayenne, France
| | - Jonathan Brecko
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Biological Collections and Data Management, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.,UMR 7179 C.N.R.S./M.N.H.N., Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Dominique Adriaens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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9
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Luger AM, Watson PJ, Dutel H, Fagan MJ, Van Hoorebeke L, Herrel A, Adriaens D. Regional Patterning in Tail Vertebral Form and Function in Chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus). Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:455-463. [PMID: 34114009 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have focused on documenting shape variation in the caudal vertebrae in chameleons underlying prehensile tail function. The goal of this study was to test the impact of this variation on tail function using multibody dynamic analysis (MDA). First, observations from dissections and 3D reconstructions generated from contrast-enhanced µCT scans were used to document regional variation in arrangement of the caudal muscles along the antero-posterior axis. Using MDA, we then tested the effect of vertebral shape geometry on biomechanical function. To address this question, four different MDA models were built: those with a distal vertebral shape and with either a distal or proximal musculature, and reciprocally the proximal vertebral shape with either the proximal or distal musculature. For each muscle configuration, we calculated the force required in each muscle group for the muscle force to balance an arbitrary external force applied to the model. The results showed that the models with a distal-type of musculature are the most efficient, regardless of vertebral shape. Our models also showed that the m. ilio-caudalis pars dorsalis is least efficient when combining the proximal vertebral shape and distal musculature, highlighting the importance of the length of the transverse process in combination with the lever-moment arm onto which muscle force is exerted. This initial model inevitably has a number of simplifications and assumptions, however its purpose is not to predict in vivo forces, but instead reveals the importance of vertebral shape and muscular arrangement on the total force the tail can generate, thus providing a better understanding of the biomechanical significance of the regional variations on tail grasping performance in chameleons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Luger
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter J Watson
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Hull, UK
| | - Hugo Dutel
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Hull, UK.,School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1RJ Bristol, UK
| | - Michael J Fagan
- Department of Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, Hull, UK
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.,UMR 7179 MECADEV, C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Adriaens
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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10
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Gao B, Laforce B, Vincze L, Hoorebeke LV, Boone MN. Quantitative Reconstruction of Polychromatic X-ray Fluorescence Computed Tomography Using Transmission Tomography. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2082-2089. [PMID: 33406819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Through measuring the intensity of the fluorescence X-rays emitted by the elements of interest, X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) is capable of mapping the elemental distribution inside an object without destructively sectioning it. With the recent advances in XFCT utilizing polychromatic microfocus X-ray sources, it is expected that the popularity of such imaging modality will rise further. However, XFCT suffers from self-absorption effects, which make it challenging to reconstruct the elemental distribution inside the sample accurately. For this reason, polychromatic XFCT is mainly used to retrieve the distribution of elements with a relatively high atomic number (Z) when compared to the matrix of the sample. To enable the quantitative reconstruction of trace and low Z elements with polychromatic XFCT, a novel reconstruction method has been proposed in this manuscript. Through examining the proposed method on both simulation data and experimental data, its capacity on retrieving the density distribution of relatively low Z elements has been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Laforce
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Maenhout P, De Neve S, Wragg J, Rawlins B, De Pue J, Van Hoorebeke L, Cnudde V, Sleutel S. Chemical staining of particulate organic matter for improved contrast in soil X-ray µCT images. Sci Rep 2021; 11:370. [PMID: 33432019 PMCID: PMC7801699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradability of organic matter (OM) in soil depends on its spatial location in the soil matrix. A recent breakthrough in 3D-localization of OM combined dual-energy X-ray CT-scanning with OsO4 staining of OM. The necessity for synchrotron-based µCT and the use of highly toxic OsO4 severely limit applications in soil biological experiments. Here, we evaluated the potential of alternative staining agents (silver nitrate, phosphomolybdenic acid (PMA), lead nitrate, lead acetate) to selectively enhance X-ray attenuation and contrast of OM in CT volumes of soils containing specific mineral soil particle fractions, obtained via lab-based X-ray µCT. In comparison with OsO4, administration of Ag+ and Pb2+ resulted in insufficient contrast enhancement of OM versus fine silt (< 20 µm) or clay (< 2 µm) mineral particles. The perfusion procedure used in this work induced changes in soil structure. In contrast, PMA staining resulted in a selective increase of OM's attenuation contrast, which was comparable to OsO4. However, OM discrimination from other soil phases remained a challenge. Further development of segmentation algorithms accounting for grey value patterns and shape of stained particulate OM may enable its automated identification. If successful in undisturbed soils, PMA staining may form an alternative to OsO4 in non-synchrotron based POM detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Maenhout
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan De Neve
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Joanna Wragg
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Barry Rawlins
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Jan De Pue
- Research Group of Soil Physics, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics Research Group-UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- PProGRess-UGCT, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Sleutel
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
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12
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Gao B, Laforce B, Dhaene J, Vincze L, Van Hoorebeke L, Boone MN. An analytical simulation method for X-ray fluorescence computed tomography. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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13
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Beaudet A, Clarke RJ, Heaton JL, Pickering TR, Carlson KJ, Crompton RH, Jashashvili T, Bruxelles L, Jakata K, Bam L, Van Hoorebeke L, Kuman K, Stratford D. The atlas of StW 573 and the late emergence of human-like head mobility and brain metabolism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4285. [PMID: 32179760 PMCID: PMC7075956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional morphology of the atlas reflects multiple aspects of an organism’s biology. More specifically, its shape indicates patterns of head mobility, while the size of its vascular foramina reflects blood flow to the brain. Anatomy and function of the early hominin atlas, and thus, its evolutionary history, are poorly documented because of a paucity of fossilized material. Meticulous excavation, cleaning and high-resolution micro-CT scanning of the StW 573 (‘Little Foot’) skull has revealed the most complete early hominin atlas yet found, having been cemented by breccia in its displaced and flipped over position on the cranial base anterolateral to the foramen magnum. Description and landmark-free morphometric analyses of the StW 573 atlas, along with other less complete hominin atlases from Sterkfontein (StW 679) and Hadar (AL 333-83), confirm the presence of an arboreal component in the positional repertoire of Australopithecus. Finally, assessment of the cross-sectional areas of the transverse foramina of the atlas and the left carotid canal in StW 573 further suggests there may have been lower metabolic costs for cerebral tissues in this hominin than have been attributed to extant humans and may support the idea that blood perfusion of these tissues increased over the course of hominin evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Beaudet
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa. .,Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, PO Box 2034, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
| | - Ronald J Clarke
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Jason L Heaton
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa.,Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, 900 Arkadelphia Road, Birmingham, AL, 35254, United States.,Plio-Pleistocene Palaeontology Section, Department of Vertebrates, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (Transvaal Museum), 432 Paul Kruger Street, Pretoria Central, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Travis R Pickering
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa.,Department of Biology, Birmingham-Southern College, 900 Arkadelphia Road, Birmingham, AL, 35254, United States.,Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, United States
| | - Kristian J Carlson
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa.,Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Robin H Crompton
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa.,Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, W Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Tea Jashashvili
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa.,Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States.,Department of Geology and Paleontology, Georgian National Museum, 3 Shota Rustaveli Ave, T'bilisi, 0105, Georgia
| | - Laurent Bruxelles
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa.,French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Researches (INRAP), 561 rue Etienne Lenoir, 30900, Nîmes, France.,French Institute of South Africa (IFAS), USR 3336 CNRS, 62 Juta Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2001, South Africa
| | - Kudakwashe Jakata
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Lunga Bam
- South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd. (Necsa), Elias Motsoaledi Street Ext. (Church Street West), R104, Pelindaba, North West Province, South Africa
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Kuman
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa
| | - Dominic Stratford
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, WITS, 2050, South Africa
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14
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Descamps E, Sochacka A, De Kegel B, Van Loo D, Van Hoorebeke L, Adriaens D. Soft tissue discrimination with contrast agents using micro-CT scanning. BELG J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.26496/bjz.2014.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of high resolution, three-dimensional visualization has been receiving growing interest within life sciences, with non-invasive imaging tools becoming more readily accessible. Although initially useful for visualizing mineralized tissues, recent developments are promising for studying soft tissues as well. Especially for micro-CT scanning, several X-ray contrast enhancers are performant in sufficiently contrasting soft tissue organ systems by a different attenuation strength of X-rays. Overall visualization of soft tissue organs has proven to be possible, although the tissue-specific capacities of these enhancers remain unclear. In this study, we tested several contrast agents for their usefulness to discriminate between tissue types and organs, using three model organisms (mouse, zebrafish and Xenopus). Specimens were stained with osmium tetroxide (OsO4), phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA), and were scanned using high resolution microtomography. The contrasting potentials between tissue types and organs are described based on volume renderings and virtual sections. In general, PTA and PMA appeared to allow better discrimination. Especially epithelial structures, cell-dense brain regions, liver, lung and blood could be easily distinguished. The PMA yielded the best results, allowing discrimination even at the level of cell layers. Our results show that those staining techniques combined with micro-CT imaging have good potential for use in future research in life sciences.
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15
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Boone MN, Van Assche F, Vanheule S, Cipiccia S, Wang H, Vincze L, Van Hoorebeke L. Full-field spectroscopic measurement of the X-ray beam from a multilayer monochromator using a hyperspectral X-ray camera. J Synchrotron Radiat 2020; 27:110-118. [PMID: 31868743 PMCID: PMC6927514 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519015212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer monochromator devices are commonly used at (imaging) beamlines of synchrotron facilities to shape the X-ray beam to relatively small bandwidth and high intensity. However, stripe artefacts are often observed and can deteriorate the image quality. Although the intensity distribution of these artefacts has been described in the literature, their spectral distribution is currently unknown. To assess the spatio-spectral properties of the monochromated X-ray beam, the direct beam has been measured for the first time using a hyperspectral X-ray detector. The results show a large number of spectral features with different spatial distributions for a [Ru, B4C] strip monochromator, associated primarily with the higher-order harmonics of the undulator and monochromator. It is found that their relative contributions are sufficiently low to avoid an influence on the imaging data. The [V, B4C] strip suppresses these high-order harmonics even more than the former, yet at the cost of reduced efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu N. Boone
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frederic Van Assche
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sander Vanheule
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Silvia Cipiccia
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Hongchang Wang
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging Group, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics Research Group – UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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16
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Van den Bulcke J, Boone MA, Dhaene J, Van Loo D, Van Hoorebeke L, Boone MN, Wyffels F, Beeckman H, Van Acker J, De Mil T. Advanced X-ray CT scanning can boost tree ring research for earth system sciences. Ann Bot 2019; 124:837-847. [PMID: 31361809 PMCID: PMC6868372 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tree rings, as archives of the past and biosensors of the present, offer unique opportunities to study influences of the fluctuating environment over decades to centuries. As such, tree-ring-based wood traits are capital input for global vegetation models. To contribute to earth system sciences, however, sufficient spatial coverage is required of detailed individual-based measurements, necessitating large amounts of data. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning is one of the few techniques that can deliver such data sets. METHODS Increment cores of four different temperate tree species were scanned with a state-of-the-art X-ray CT system at resolutions ranging from 60 μm down to 4.5 μm, with an additional scan at a resolution of 0.8 μm of a splinter-sized sample using a second X-ray CT system to highlight the potential of cell-level scanning. Calibration-free densitometry, based on full scanner simulation of a third X-ray CT system, is illustrated on increment cores of a tropical tree species. KEY RESULTS We show how multiscale scanning offers unprecedented potential for mapping tree rings and wood traits without sample manipulation and with limited operator intervention. Custom-designed sample holders enable simultaneous scanning of multiple increment cores at resolutions sufficient for tree ring analysis and densitometry as well as single core scanning enabling quantitative wood anatomy, thereby approaching the conventional thin section approach. Standardized X-ray CT volumes are, furthermore, ideal input imagery for automated pipelines with neural-based learning for tree ring detection and measurements of wood traits. CONCLUSIONS Advanced X-ray CT scanning for high-throughput processing of increment cores is within reach, generating pith-to-bark ring width series, density profiles and wood trait data. This would allow contribution to large-scale monitoring and modelling efforts with sufficient global coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | | | - Jelle Dhaene
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Hans Beeckman
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Acker
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
| | - Tom De Mil
- UGent-Woodlab, Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Gent, Belgium
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Wood Biology Service, Tervuren, Belgium
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17
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Gilis E, Gaublomme D, Staal J, Venken K, Dhaenens M, Lambrecht S, Coudenys J, Decruy T, Schryvers N, Driege Y, Dumas E, Demeyer A, De Muynck A, van Hengel J, Van Hoorebeke L, Deforce D, Beyaert R, Elewaut D. Deletion of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation Protein 1 in Mouse T Cells Protects Against Development of Autoimmune Arthritis but Leads to Spontaneous Osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:2005-2015. [PMID: 31259485 DOI: 10.1002/art.41029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT-1) plays a crucial role in innate and adaptive immune signaling by modulating the threshold for activation of immune cells, including Treg cells. Therefore, MALT-1 is regarded to be an interesting therapeutic target in several immune-mediated diseases. The goal of this study was to examine the role of MALT-1 in experimental animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS MALT-1 activation was assessed by measuring cleavage of the deubiquitinase CYLD in lymphocytes from mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Furthermore, the impact of MALT-1 deficiency on arthritis was evaluated in Malt1KO mice with CIA or with collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). T cell-specific MALT-1 deficiency was measured in mice with deletion of T cell-specific MALT-1 (Malt1Tcell KO ), and the time-dependent effects of MALT-1 deficiency were assessed in mice with deletion of tamoxifen-inducible T cell-specific MALT-1 (Malt1iTcell KO ). Bone density was determined in MALT-1-deficient mice using micro-computed tomography and femur-bending tests. Reconstitution of Treg cells was performed using adoptive transfer experiments. RESULTS MALT-1 activation was observed in the lymphocytes of mice with CIA. T cell-specific MALT-1 deletion in the induction phase of arthritis (incidence of arthritis, 25% in control mice versus 0% in Malt1iTcell KO mice; P < 0.05), but not in the effector phase of arthritis, completely protected mice against the development of CIA. Consistent with this finding, MALT-1 deficiency had no impact on CAIA, an effector phase model of RA. Finally, mice with MALT-1 deficiency showed a spontaneous decrease in bone density (mean ± SEM trabecular thickness, 46.3 ± 0.7 μm in control mice versus 40 ± 1.1 μm in Malt1KO mice; P < 0.001), which was linked to the loss of Treg cells in these mice. CONCLUSION Overall, these data in murine models of RA highlight MALT-1 as a master regulator of T cell activation, which is relevant to the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Furthermore, these findings show that MALT-1 deficiency can lead to spontaneous osteoporosis, which is associated with impaired Treg cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Gilis
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Djoere Gaublomme
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Venken
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Julie Coudenys
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tine Decruy
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadia Schryvers
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Driege
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emilie Dumas
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Demeyer
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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18
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Meftah R, Van Stappen J, Berger S, Jacqus G, Laluet JY, Guering PH, Van Hoorebeke L, Cnudde V. X-ray Computed Tomography for Characterization of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Foam. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12121944. [PMID: 31212910 PMCID: PMC6630325 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam is widely used in building and construction applications for thermal and acoustic insulation. This material is nearly transparent for X-rays, making it difficult to characterize its pore structure in 3D with X-ray tomography. Because of this difficulty, the pore network is often not investigated and is, thus, poorly known. Since this network controls different physical properties, such as the sound absorption, it is crucial to understand its overall structure. In this manuscript, we show how to reveal the pore network of EPS foams through the combination of high resolution X-ray tomography (micro-CT) and saturation techniques. The foams were saturated with CsCl-brine, which acts as a contrasting agent in X-ray micro-CT imaging. This allowed us to separate the beads, making up the foam, from the pore network. Based on the 3D micro-CT results, we were able to assess a representative elementary volume for the polystyrene, which allows for calculating the acoustical parameters from the Johnson–Champoux–Allard (JCA) model, the pore and bead size distribution. The 3D data was also used as input to simulate sound absorption curves. The parametric study showed that an increase in the bead size influenced the sound absorption of the material. We showed that, by doubling the diameter of beads, the absorption coefficient was doubled in certain ranges of frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Meftah
- UGCT/PProGRess, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Jeroen Van Stappen
- UGCT/PProGRess, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- High Pressure and Temperature Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584CD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sylvain Berger
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Gary Jacqus
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Jean-Yves Laluet
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Paul-Henri Guering
- Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Department of Optics Metrology and Mathematics, 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France.
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT/Radiation Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- UGCT/PProGRess, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, 3584CD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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19
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Abourachid A, Herrel A, Decamps T, Pages F, Fabre AC, Van Hoorebeke L, Adriaens D, Garcia Amado MA. Hoatzin nestling locomotion: Acquisition of quadrupedal limb coordination in birds. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaat0787. [PMID: 31131317 PMCID: PMC6530998 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of flight in birds involves (i) decoupling of the primitive mode of quadrupedal locomotor coordination, with a new synchronized flapping motion of the wings while conserving alternating leg movements, and (ii) reduction of wing digits and loss of functional claws. Our observations show that hoatzin nestlings move with alternated walking coordination of the four limbs using the mobile claws on their wings to anchor themselves to the substrate. When swimming, hoatzin nestlings use a coordinated motion of the four limbs involving synchronous or alternated movements of the wings, indicating a versatile motor pattern. Last, the proportions of claws and phalanges in juvenile hoatzin are radically divergent from those in adults, yet strikingly similar to those of Archaeopteryx. The locomotor plasticity observed in the hoatzin suggests that transitional forms that retained claws on the wings could have also used them for locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anick Abourachid
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Campus Ledeganck, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Thierry Decamps
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Fanny Pages
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne-Claire Fabre
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, 57 rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT—Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Adriaens
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Campus Ledeganck, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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De Baerdemaeker NJF, Stock M, Van den Bulcke J, De Baets B, Van Hoorebeke L, Steppe K. X-ray microtomography and linear discriminant analysis enable detection of embolism-related acoustic emissions. Plant Methods 2019; 15:153. [PMID: 31889977 PMCID: PMC6916244 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acoustic emission (AE) sensing is in use since the late 1960s in drought-induced embolism research as a non-invasive and continuous method. It is very well suited to assess a plant's vulnerability to dehydration. Over the last couple of years, AE sensing has further improved due to progress in AE sensors, data acquisition methods and analysis systems. Despite these recent advances, it is still challenging to detect drought-induced embolism events in the AE sources registered by the sensors during dehydration, which sometimes questions the quantitative potential of AE sensing. RESULTS In quest of a method to separate embolism-related AE signals from other dehydration-related signals, a 2-year-old potted Fraxinus excelsior L. tree was subjected to a drought experiment. Embolism formation was acoustically measured with two broadband point-contact AE sensors while simultaneously being visualized by X-ray computed microtomography (µCT). A machine learning method was used to link visually detected embolism formation by µCT with corresponding AE signals. Specifically, applying linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on the six AE waveform parameters amplitude, counts, duration, signal strength, absolute energy and partial power in the range 100-200 kHz resulted in an embolism-related acoustic vulnerability curve (VCAE-E) better resembling the standard µCT VC (VCCT), both in time and in absolute number of embolized vessels. Interestingly, the unfiltered acoustic vulnerability curve (VCAE) also closely resembled VCCT, indicating that VCs constructed from all registered AE signals did not compromise the quantitative interpretation of the species' vulnerability to drought-induced embolism formation. CONCLUSION Although machine learning could detect similar numbers of embolism-related AE as µCT, there still is insufficient model-based evidence to conclusively attribute these signals to embolism events. Future research should therefore focus on similar experiments with more in-depth analysis of acoustic waveforms, as well as explore the possibility of Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) to remove non-embolism-related AE signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels J. F. De Baerdemaeker
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Stock
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- UGent-Woodlab-Laboratory of Wood Technology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bernard De Baets
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Ghent University Centre for X-Ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Radiation Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Claes R, Muyshondt PG, Van Assche F, Van Hoorebeke L, Aerts P, Dirckx JJ. Eardrum and columella displacement in single ossicle ears under quasi-static pressure variations. Hear Res 2018; 365:141-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Maenhout P, Van den Bulcke J, Van Hoorebeke L, Cnudde V, De Neve S, Sleutel S. Nitrogen Limitations on Microbial Degradation of Plant Substrates Are Controlled by Soil Structure and Moisture Content. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1433. [PMID: 30034375 PMCID: PMC6043809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral nitrogen (N) availability to heterotrophic micro-organisms is known to impact organic matter (OM) decomposition. Different pathways determining the N accessibility depend to a large extent on soil structure. Contact between soil mineral and OM substrate particles can facilitate N transport toward decomposition hot spots. However, the impact of soil structure on N availability to microbes and thus heterotrophic microbial activity and community structure is not yet fully understood. We hypothesized that carbon mineralization (Cmin) from low-N substrate would be stimulated by increased N availability caused by closer contact with soil particles or by a higher moisture level, enhancing potential for N-diffusion. Under opposite conditions retarded heterotrophic activity and a dominance of fungi were expected. A 128-days incubation experiment with CO2 emission monitoring from artificially reconstructed miniature soil cores with contrasting soil structures, viz. high or low degree of contact between soil particles, was conducted to study impacts on heterotrophic activity. The soil cores were subjected to different water filled pore space percentages (25 or 50% WFPS) and amended with either easily degradable OM high in N (grass) or more resistant OM low in N (sawdust). X-ray μCT image processing allowed to quantify the pore space in 350 μm around OM substrates, i.e., the microbial habitat of involved decomposers. A lower local porosity surrounding sawdust particles in soils with stonger contact was confirmed, at least at 25% WFPS. Mineral N addition to sawdust amended soils with small particle contact at 25% WFPS resulted in a stimulated respiration. Cmin in the latter soils was lower than in case of high particle contact. This was not observed for grass substrate particles or at 50% WFPS. The interactive effect of substrate type and soil structure suggests that the latter controls Cmin through mediation of N diffusion and in turn N availability. Phospholipid fatty acid did not reveal promotion of fungal over bacterial biomarkers in treatments with N-limited substrate decomposition. Combining X-ray μCT with tailoring soil structure allows for more reliable investigation of effects on the soil microbial community, because as also found here, the established soil pore network structure can strongly deviate from the intended one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Maenhout
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulcke
- Laboratory of Wood Technology, Centre for X-ray Tomography of Ghent University (UGCT), Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics Research Group, Centre for X-ray Tomography of Ghent University (UGCT), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- PProGRess, Centre for X-ray Tomography of Ghent University (UGCT), Department of Geology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Neve
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Sleutel
- Research Group of Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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23
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De Schryver T, Dierick M, Heyndrickx M, Van Stappen J, Boone MA, Van Hoorebeke L, Boone MN. Motion compensated micro-CT reconstruction for in-situ analysis of dynamic processes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7655. [PMID: 29769576 PMCID: PMC5955979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a framework to exploit the synergy between Digital Volume Correlation (DVC) and iterative CT reconstruction to enhance the quality of high-resolution dynamic X-ray CT (4D-µCT) and obtain quantitative results from the acquired dataset in the form of 3D strain maps which can be directly correlated to the material properties. Furthermore, we show that the developed framework is capable of strongly reducing motion artifacts even in a dataset containing a single 360° rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Schryver
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Heyndrickx
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Stappen
- PProGRess research group, Dept. Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marijn A Boone
- PProGRess research group, Dept. Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,XRE NV, Bollebergen 2B/1, 9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- Radiation Physics research group, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Gent, Belgium. .,Ghent University Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
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24
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Peeters G, Debbaut C, Friebel A, Cornillie P, De Vos WH, Favere K, Vander Elst I, Vandecasteele T, Johann T, Van Hoorebeke L, Monbaliu D, Drasdo D, Hoehme S, Laleman W, Segers P. Quantitative analysis of hepatic macro- and microvascular alterations during cirrhogenesis in the rat. J Anat 2018; 232:485-496. [PMID: 29205328 PMCID: PMC5807949 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis represents the end-stage of any persistent chronically active liver disease. It is characterized by the complete replacement of normal liver tissue by fibrosis, regenerative nodules, and complete fibrotic vascularized septa. The resulting angioarchitectural distortion contributes to an increasing intrahepatic vascular resistance, impeding liver perfusion and leading to portal hypertension. To date, knowledge on the dynamically evolving pathological changes of the hepatic vasculature during cirrhogenesis remains limited. More specifically, detailed anatomical data on the vascular adaptations during disease development is lacking. To address this need, we studied the 3D architecture of the hepatic vasculature during induction of cirrhogenesis in a rat model. Cirrhosis was chemically induced with thioacetamide (TAA). At predefined time points, the hepatic vasculature was fixed and visualized using a combination of vascular corrosion casting and deep tissue microscopy. Three-dimensional reconstruction and data-fitting enabled cirrhogenic features to extracted at multiple scales, portraying the impact of cirrhosis on the hepatic vasculature. At the macrolevel, we noticed that regenerative nodules severely compressed pliant venous vessels from 12 weeks of TAA intoxication onwards. Especially hepatic veins were highly affected by this compression, with collapsed vessel segments severely reducing perfusion capabilities. At the microlevel, we discovered zone-specific sinusoidal degeneration, with sinusoids located near the surface being more affected than those in the middle of a liver lobe. Our data shed light on and quantify the evolving angioarchitecture during cirrhogenesis. These findings may prove helpful for future targeted invasive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Peeters
- IBiTech – bioMMedaDepartment of Electronics and Information SystemsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- IBiTech – bioMMedaDepartment of Electronics and Information SystemsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Adrian Friebel
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI)University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Computer ScienceUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of MorphologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Winnok H. De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and HistologyDepartment of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Cell Systems and ImagingDepartment of Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of GhentGentBelgium
| | - Kasper Favere
- IBiTech – bioMMedaDepartment of Electronics and Information SystemsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | | | - Tim Vandecasteele
- Department of MorphologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Tim Johann
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI)University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- LJLLINRIA Paris & Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 6ParisFrance
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Centre for X‐Ray TomographyDepartment of Physics and AstronomyGhent UniversityGentBelgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Abdominal Transplant SurgeryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI)University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- LJLLINRIA Paris & Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 6ParisFrance
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at the Technical University DortmundDortmundGermany
| | - Stefan Hoehme
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI)University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Institute of Computer ScienceUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Wim Laleman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Patrick Segers
- IBiTech – bioMMedaDepartment of Electronics and Information SystemsGhent UniversityGentBelgium
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25
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Laforce B, Masschaele B, Boone MN, Schaubroeck D, Dierick M, Vekemans B, Walgraeve C, Janssen C, Cnudde V, Van Hoorebeke L, Vincze L. Integrated Three-Dimensional Microanalysis Combining X-Ray Microtomography and X-Ray Fluorescence Methodologies. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10617-10624. [PMID: 28877438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel 3D elemental and morphological analysis approach is presented combining X-ray computed tomography (μCT), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tomography, and confocal XRF analysis in a single laboratory instrument (Herakles). Each end station of Herakles (μCT, XRF-CT, and confocal XRF) represents the state-of-the-art of currently available laboratory techniques. The integration of these techniques enables linking the (quantitative) spatial distribution of chemical elements within the investigated materials to their three-dimensional (3D) internal morphology/structure down to 1-10 μm resolution level, which has not been achieved so-far using laboratory X-ray techniques. The concept of Herakles relies strongly on its high precision (around 100 nm) air-bearing motor system that connects the different end-stations, allowing combined measurements based on the above X-ray techniques while retaining the coordinate system. In-house developed control and analysis software further ensures a smooth integration of the techniques. Case studies on a Cu test pattern, a Daphnia magna model organism and a perlite biocatalyst support material demonstrate the attainable resolution, elemental sensitivity of the instrument, and the strength of combining these three complementary methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Laforce
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Masschaele
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University , Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.,X-Ray Engineering (XRE) bvba , Technologiepark 5, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Matthieu N Boone
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University , Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Schaubroeck
- Center for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University , Technologiepark 15, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University , Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vekemans
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Walgraeve
- Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- UGCT-PProGRess, Department of geology, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University , Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy and Imaging group (XMI), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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Maïga S, Allain G, Hauet T, Roumy J, Baulier E, Scepi M, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Hannaert P, Guy F, Favreau F. Renal auto-transplantation promotes cortical microvascular network remodeling in a preclinical porcine model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181067. [PMID: 28704481 PMCID: PMC5509304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular network is a major target of ischemia-reperfusion, but has been poorly investigated in renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to characterize the remodeling of the renal vascular network that follows ischemia-reperfusion along with the most highly affected cortex section in a preclinical renal transplantation model. There were two experimental groups. The first was a grafted kidney group consisting of large white pigs for which the left kidney was harvested, cold flushed, preserved for 24 h in the University of Wisconsin’s preservation solution, and then auto-transplanted (n = 5); the right kidney was removed to mimic the situation of human kidney transplantation. The second group (uni-nephrectomized kidney group) consisted of animals that underwent only right nephrectomy, but not left renal transplantation (n = 5). Three months after autotransplantation, the kidneys were studied by X-ray microcomputed tomography. Vessel morphology and density and tortuosity of the network were analyzed using a 3D image analysis method. Cortical blood flow was determined by laser doppler analysis and renal function and tissue injury assessed by plasma creatinine levels and histological analysis. Renal ischemia-reperfusion led to decreased vascular segment volume associated with fewer vessels of less than 30 μm, particularly in the inner cortex:0.79 ± 0.54% in grafted kidneys vs. 7.06 ± 1.44% in uni-nephrectomized kidneys, p < 0.05. Vessels showed higher connectivity throughout the cortex (the arborescence factor of the whole cortex was less in grafted than uni-nephrectomized kidneys 0.90 ± 0.04 vs. 1.07 ± 0.05, p < 0.05, with an increase in the number of bifurcations). Furthermore, cortical blood flow decreased early in kidney grafts and remained low three months after auto-transplantation. The decrease in microvasculature correlated with a deterioration of renal function, proteinuria, and tubular dysfunction, and was associated with the development of fibrous tissue. This work provides new evidence concerning the impact of ischemia-reperfusion injuries on the spectrum of renal vascular diseases and could potentially guide future therapy to preserve microvessels in transplantation ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souleymane Maïga
- INSERM, U1082, Poitiers, France
- Universités de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
- Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Geraldine Allain
- INSERM, U1082, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Chirurgie Cardio-Thoracique, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- INSERM, U1082, Poitiers, France
- Universités de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Poitiers, France
- INRA, UE1372 GenESI, Plateforme IBISA, Surgères, France
- Fédération Hospitalo Universitaire de Transplantation, SUrvival oPtimization in ORgan Transplantation (SUPORT), Limoges, Poitiers and Tours, CHU La Milétrie, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Michel Scepi
- INSERM, U1082, Poitiers, France
- Universités de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Proeftuinstraat 86, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Proeftuinstraat 86, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Franck Guy
- CNRS INEE UMR 7262, IPHEP Institut de Paléoprimatologie et Paléontologie Humaine, Évolution et Paléoenvironnements, Poitiers, France; Universités de Poitiers, Faculté des Sciences, Poitiers, France
| | - Frederic Favreau
- INSERM, U1082, Poitiers, France
- Universités de Poitiers, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Poitiers, France
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27
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Van Nieuwenhove V, De Beenhouwer J, De Schryver T, Van Hoorebeke L, Sijbers J. Data-Driven Affine Deformation Estimation and Correction in Cone Beam Computed Tomography. IEEE Trans Image Process 2017; 26:1441-1451. [PMID: 28103553 DOI: 10.1109/tip.2017.2651370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In computed tomography (CT), motion and deformation during the acquisition lead to streak artefacts and blurring in the reconstructed images. To remedy these artefacts, we introduce an efficient algorithm to estimate and correct for global affine deformations directly on the cone beam projections. The proposed technique is data driven and thus removes the need for markers and/or a tracking system. A relationship between affine transformations and the cone beam transform is proved and used to correct the projections. The deformation parameters that describe deformation perpendicular to the projection direction are estimated for each projection by minimizing a plane-based inconsistency criterion. The criterion compares each projection of the main scan with all projections of a fast reference scan, which is acquired prior or posterior to the main scan. Experiments with simulated and experimental data show that the proposed affine deformation estimation method is able to substantially reduce motion artefacts in cone beam CT images.
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28
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Peeters G, Debbaut C, Laleman W, Monbaliu D, Vander Elst I, Detrez JR, Vandecasteele T, De Schryver T, Van Hoorebeke L, Favere K, Verbeke J, Segers P, Cornillie P, De Vos WH. A multilevel framework to reconstruct anatomical 3D models of the hepatic vasculature in rat livers. J Anat 2016; 230:471-483. [PMID: 27995631 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate (micro)vascular architecture of the liver has not yet been fully unravelled. Although current models are often idealized simplifications of the complex anatomical reality, correct morphological information is instrumental for scientific and clinical purposes. Previously, both vascular corrosion casting (VCC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have been separately used to study the hepatic vasculature. Nevertheless, these techniques still face a number of challenges such as dual casting in VCC and limited imaging depths for IHC. We have optimized both techniques and combined their complementary strengths to develop a framework for multilevel reconstruction of the hepatic circulation in the rat. The VCC and micro-CT scanning protocol was improved by enabling dual casting, optimizing the contrast agent concentration, and adjusting the viscosity of the resin (PU4ii). IHC was improved with an optimized clearing technique (CUBIC) that extended the imaging depth for confocal microscopy more than five-fold. Using in-house developed software (DeLiver), the vascular network - in both VCC and IHC datasets - was automatically segmented and/or morphologically analysed. Our methodological framework allows 3D reconstruction and quantification of the hepatic circulation, ranging from the major blood vessels down to the intertwined and interconnected sinusoids. We believe that the presented framework will have value beyond studies of the liver, and will facilitate a better understanding of various parenchymal organs in general, in physiological and pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert Peeters
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Debbaut
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Laleman
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diethard Monbaliu
- Abdominal Transplant Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Vander Elst
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan R Detrez
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Vandecasteele
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Schryver
- Center for X-Ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Center for X-Ray Tomography, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kasper Favere
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Verbeke
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Segers
- IBiTech - bioMMeda, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Cell Systems and Imaging, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Claes R, Muyshondt PGG, Van Hoorebeke L, Dhaene J, Dirckx JJJ, Aerts P. The effect of craniokinesis on the middle ear of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). J Anat 2016; 230:414-423. [PMID: 27896803 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian middle ear differs from that of mammalians and contains a tympanic membrane, one ossicle (bony columella and cartilaginous extra-columella), some ligaments and one muscle. The rim of the eardrum (closing the middle ear cavity) is connected to the neurocranium and, by means of a broad ligament, to the otic process of the quadrate. Due to the limited number of components in the avian middle ear, the possibilities of attenuating the conduction of sound seem to be limited to activity of the stapedius muscle. We investigate to what extent craniokinesis may impact the components of the middle ear because of the connection of the eardrum to the movable quadrate. The quadrate is a part of the beak suspension and plays an important role in craniokinesis. Micro-computed tomography was used to visualize morphology and the effect of craniokinesis on the middle ear in the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). Both hens and roosters are considered because of their difference in vocalization capacity. It is hypothesized that effects, if present, of craniokinesis on the middle ear will be greater in roosters because of their louder vocalization. Maximal lower jaw depression was comparable for hens and roosters (respectively 34.1 ± 2.6° and 32.7 ± 2.5°). There is no overlap in ranges of maximal upper jaw elevation between the sexes (respectively 12.7 ± 2.5° and 18.5 ± 3.8°). Frontal rotation about the transversal quadrato-squamosal, and inward rotation about the squamosal-mandibular axes of the quadrate were both considered to be greater in roosters (respectively 15.4 ± 2.8° and 11.1 ± 2.5°). These quadrate rotations did not affect the columellar position or orientation. In hens, an influence of the quadrate movements on the shape of the eardrum could not be detected either; however, craniokinesis caused slight stretching of the eardrum towards the caudal rim of the otic process of the quadrate. In roosters, an inward displacement of the conical tip of the tympanic membrane of 0.378 ± 0.21 mm, as a result of craniokinesis, was observed. This is linked to a flattening and slackening of the eardrum. These changes most likely go along with a deformation of the extra-columella. Generally, in birds, larger beak opening is related to the intensity of vocalization. The coupling between larger maximal upper jaw lifting in roosters and the slackening of the eardrum suggest the presence of a passive sound attenuation mechanism during self-vocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Claes
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UGCT - Radiation Physics, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelle Dhaene
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UGCT - Radiation Physics, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris J J Dirckx
- Laboratory of BioMedical Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Aerts
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Movement and Sports Science, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Gistelinck C, Witten PE, Huysseune A, Symoens S, Malfait F, Larionova D, Simoens P, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, De Paepe A, Kwon RY, Weis M, Eyre DR, Willaert A, Coucke PJ. Loss of Type I Collagen Telopeptide Lysyl Hydroxylation Causes Musculoskeletal Abnormalities in a Zebrafish Model of Bruck Syndrome. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1930-1942. [PMID: 27541483 PMCID: PMC5364950 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bruck syndrome (BS) is a disorder characterized by joint flexion contractures and skeletal dysplasia that shows strong clinical overlap with the brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). BS is caused by biallelic mutations in either the FKBP10 or the PLOD2 gene. PLOD2 encodes the lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) enzyme, which is responsible for the hydroxylation of lysine residues in fibrillar collagen telopeptides. This hydroxylation directs crosslinking of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix, which is necessary to provide stability and tensile integrity to the collagen fibrils. To further elucidate the function of LH2 in vertebrate skeletal development, we created a zebrafish model harboring a homozygous plod2 nonsense mutation resulting in reduced telopeptide hydroxylation and crosslinking of bone type I collagen. Adult plod2 mutants present with a shortened body axis and severe skeletal abnormalities with evidence of bone fragility and fractures. The vertebral column of plod2 mutants is short and scoliotic with compressed vertebrae that show excessive bone formation at the vertebral end plates, and increased tissue mineral density in the vertebral centra. The muscle fibers of mutant zebrafish have a reduced diameter near the horizontal myoseptum. The endomysium, a layer of connective tissue ensheathing the individual muscle fibers, is enlarged. Transmission electron microscopy of mutant vertebral bone shows type I collagen fibrils that are less organized with loss of the typical plywood-like structure. In conclusion, plod2 mutant zebrafish show molecular and tissue abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system that are concordant with clinical findings in BS patients. Therefore, the plod2 zebrafish mutant is a promising model for the elucidation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms leading to BS and the development of novel therapeutic avenues in this syndrome. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Huysseune
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pascal Simoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronald Y Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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31
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De Boever W, Bultreys T, Derluyn H, Van Hoorebeke L, Cnudde V. Comparison between traditional laboratory tests, permeability measurements and CT-based fluid flow modelling for cultural heritage applications. Sci Total Environ 2016; 554-555:102-112. [PMID: 26950624 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the possibility to use on-site permeability measurements for cultural heritage applications as an alternative for traditional laboratory tests such as determination of the capillary absorption coefficient. These on-site measurements, performed with a portable air permeameter, were correlated with the pore network properties of eight sandstones and one granular limestone that are discussed in this paper. The network properties of the 9 materials tested in this study were obtained from micro-computed tomography (μCT) and compared to measurements and calculations of permeability and the capillary absorption rate of the stones under investigation, in order to find the correlation between pore network characteristics and fluid management characteristics of these sandstones. Results show a good correlation between capillary absorption, permeability and network properties, opening the possibility of using on-site permeability measurements as a standard method in cultural heritage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley De Boever
- UGCT/PProGRess, Dept. of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tom Bultreys
- UGCT/PProGRess, Dept. of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Derluyn
- UGCT/PProGRess, Dept. of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT/Radiation Physics, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cnudde
- UGCT/PProGRess, Dept. of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Laforce B, Vermeulen B, Garrevoet J, Vekemans B, Hoorebeke LV, Janssen C, Vincze L. Laboratory Scale X-ray Fluorescence Tomography: Instrument Characterization and Application in Earth and Environmental Science. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3386-91. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Laforce
- X-ray Microspectroscopy
and Imaging Group (XMI), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Vermeulen
- X-ray Microspectroscopy
and Imaging Group (XMI), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- PETRA III, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bart Vekemans
- X-ray Microspectroscopy
and Imaging Group (XMI), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat
86, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Environmental Toxicology Unit, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- X-ray Microspectroscopy
and Imaging Group (XMI), Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S12, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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33
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Debusschere E, Hostens K, Adriaens D, Ampe B, Botteldooren D, De Boeck G, De Muynck A, Sinha AK, Vandendriessche S, Van Hoorebeke L, Vincx M, Degraer S. Acoustic stress responses in juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax induced by offshore pile driving. Environ Pollut 2016; 208:747-757. [PMID: 26561450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Underwater sound generated by pile driving during construction of offshore wind farms is a major concern in many countries. This paper reports on the acoustic stress responses in young European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (68 and 115 days old), based on four in situ experiments as close as 45 m from a pile driving activity. As a primary stress response, whole-body cortisol seemed to be too sensitive to 'handling' bias. On the other hand, measured secondary stress responses to pile driving showed significant reductions in oxygen consumption rate and low whole-body lactate concentrations. Furthermore, repeated exposure to impulsive sound significantly affected both primary and secondary stress responses. Under laboratory conditions, no tertiary stress responses (no changes in specific growth rate or Fulton's condition factor) were noted in young sea bass 30 days after the treatment. Still, the demonstrated acute stress responses and potentially repeated exposure to impulsive sound in the field will inevitably lead to less fit fish in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Debusschere
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences, Fisheries, Bio-environmental Research Group, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium; Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Section, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kris Hostens
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences, Fisheries, Bio-environmental Research Group, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Adriaens
- Ghent University, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Bart Ampe
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences, Biostatistics and Data Modeling, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium.
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Ghent University, Department of Information Technology, Research Group Acoustics, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Gudrun De Boeck
- University of Antwerp, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Amelie De Muynck
- Ghent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Amit Kumar Sinha
- University of Antwerp, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Sofie Vandendriessche
- Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences, Fisheries, Bio-environmental Research Group, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Ghent University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Magda Vincx
- Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Section, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven Degraer
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Operational Directorate Natural Environment (OD Nature), Marine Ecology and Management (MARECO), Gulledelle 100, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Ghent University, Biology Department, Marine Biology Section, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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34
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Van Hoorick J, Declercq H, De Muynck A, Houben A, Van Hoorebeke L, Cornelissen R, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Indirect additive manufacturing as an elegant tool for the production of self-supporting low density gelatin scaffolds. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26:247. [PMID: 26411443 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes for the first time the production of self-supporting low gelatin density (<10 w/v%) porous scaffolds using methacrylamide-modified gelatin as an extracellular matrix mimicking component. As porous scaffolds starting from low gelatin concentrations cannot be realized with the conventional additive manufacturing techniques in the abscence of additives, we applied an indirect fused deposition modelling approach. To realize this, we have printed a sacrificial polyester scaffold which supported the hydrogel material during UV crosslinking, thereby preventing hydrogel structure collapse. After complete curing, the polyester scaffold was selectively dissolved leaving behind a porous, interconnective low density gelatin scaffold. Scaffold structural analysis indicated the success of the selected indirect additive manufacturing approach. Physico-chemical testing revealed scaffold properties (mechanical, degradation, swelling) to depend on the applied gelatin concentration and methacrylamide content. Preliminary biocompatibility studies revealed the cell-interactive and biocompatible properties of the materials developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 6B3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amelie De Muynck
- UGCT - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemie Houben
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT - Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86/N12, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ria Cornelissen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 6B3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium.
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35
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Veselý M, Bultreys T, Peksa M, Lang J, Cnudde V, Van Hoorebeke L, Kočiřík M, Hejtmánek V, Šolcová O, Soukup K, Gerke K, Stallmach F, Čapek P. Prediction and Evaluation of Time-Dependent Effective Self-diffusivity of Water and Other Effective Transport Properties Associated with Reconstructed Porous Solids. Transp Porous Media 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-015-0557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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De Boever W, Derluyn H, Van Loo D, Van Hoorebeke L, Cnudde V. Data-fusion of high resolution X-ray CT, SEM and EDS for 3D and pseudo-3D chemical and structural characterization of sandstone. Micron 2015; 74:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bourgeois D, Burt-Pichat B, Le Goff X, Garrevoet J, Tack P, Falkenberg G, Van Hoorebeke L, Vincze L, Denecke MA, Meyer D, Vidaud C, Boivin G. Micro-distribution of uranium in bone after contamination: new insight into its mechanism of accumulation into bone tissue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:6619-25. [PMID: 26084548 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
After internal contamination, uranium rapidly distributes in the body; up to 20 % of the initial dose is retained in the skeleton, where it remains for years. Several studies suggest that uranium has a deleterious effect on the bone cell system, but little is known regarding the mechanisms leading to accumulation of uranium in bone tissue. We have performed synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (SR μ-XRF) studies to assess the initial distribution of uranium within cortical and trabecular bones in contaminated rats' femurs at the micrometer scale. This sensitive technique with high spatial resolution is the only method available that can be successfully applied, given the small amount of uranium in bone tissue. Uranium was found preferentially located in calcifying zones in exposed rats and rapidly accumulates in the endosteal and periosteal area of femoral metaphyses, in calcifying cartilage and in recently formed bone tissue along trabecular bone. Furthermore, specific localized areas with high accumulation of uranium were observed in regions identified as micro-vessels and on bone trabeculae. These observations are of high importance in the study of the accumulation of uranium in bone tissue, as the generally proposed passive chemical sorption on the surface of the inorganic part (apatite) of bone tissue cannot account for these results. Our study opens original perspectives in the field of exogenous metal bio-mineralization.
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38
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De Greef D, Buytaert JA, Aerts JR, Van Hoorebeke L, Dierick M, Dirckx J. Details of human middle ear morphology based on micro-CT imaging of phosphotungstic acid stained samples. J Morphol 2015; 276:1025-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel De Greef
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics; Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171; 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Jan A.N. Buytaert
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics; Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171; 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Johan R.M. Aerts
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics; Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171; 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy; Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy; Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86; 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Joris Dirckx
- Laboratory of Biomedical Physics; Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171; 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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39
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G Toth G, Pyxaras S, Mortier P, De Vroey F, Di Gioia G, Adjedj J, Pellicano M, Ferrara A, De Schryver T, Van Hoorebeke L, Verhegghe B, Barbato E, De Bruyne B, De Beule M, Wijns W. Single String Technique for Coronary Bifurcation Stenting: Detailed Technical Evaluation and Feasibility Analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8:949-59. [PMID: 26003016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2015.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate the adequacy and feasibility of the single string bifurcation stenting technique. BACKGROUND Double-stent techniques may be required for complex bifurcations. Currently applied methods all have their morphological or structural limitations with respect to wall coverage, multiple strut layers, and apposition rate. METHODS Single string is a novel method in which, first, the side branch (SB) stent is deployed with a single stent cell protruding into the main branch (MB). Second, the MB stent is deployed across this protruding stent cell. The procedure is completed by final kissing balloon dilation. The single string technique was first tested in vitro (n = 20) and next applied in patients (n = 11) with complex bifurcation stenoses. RESULTS All procedures were performed successfully, crossing a single stent cell in 100%. Procedure duration was 23.0 ± 7.9 min, and the fluoroscopy time was 9.4 ± 3.5 min. The results were evaluated by optical coherence tomography, showing fully apposed struts in 83.0 ± 9.2% in the bifurcation area. Residual area obstruction in the MB was 6.4 ± 5.6% and 25.0 ± 16.9% in the SB, as evaluated by micro computed tomography. All the human cases were performed successfully with excellent angiographic results: the residual area stenosis was 27 ± 8% and 29 ± 10% in the MB and in the SB, respectively, by 3-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography. No relevant periprocedural enzyme increase was observed. During follow-up (6 ± 4 months), no adverse clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization) were noted. CONCLUSIONS The single string technique for complex bifurcation dilation was shown to be adequate in vitro and feasible in humans, with favorable results in terms of stent overlap, malapposition rate, and low residual obstruction in both the MB and SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Toth
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Aalst, OLV Clinic, Aalst, Belgium; University Heart Centre Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Peter Mortier
- FEops Besloten Vennootschap met Beperkte Aansprakelijkheid, Ghent, Belgium; IBiTech-bioMMeda, IMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Giuseppe Di Gioia
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Aalst, OLV Clinic, Aalst, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Julien Adjedj
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Aalst, OLV Clinic, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Angela Ferrara
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Aalst, OLV Clinic, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | | | - Benedict Verhegghe
- FEops Besloten Vennootschap met Beperkte Aansprakelijkheid, Ghent, Belgium; IBiTech-bioMMeda, IMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Aalst, OLV Clinic, Aalst, Belgium; Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Matthieu De Beule
- FEops Besloten Vennootschap met Beperkte Aansprakelijkheid, Ghent, Belgium; IBiTech-bioMMeda, IMinds Medical IT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - William Wijns
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Aalst, OLV Clinic, Aalst, Belgium.
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Van Rie J, Declercq H, Van Hoorick J, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Cornelissen R, Thienpont H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Cryogel-PCL combination scaffolds for bone tissue repair. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26:123. [PMID: 25690621 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the development and the evaluation of cryogel-poly-ε-caprolactone combinatory scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Gelatin was selected as cell-interactive biopolymer to enable the adhesion and the proliferation of mouse calvaria pre-osteoblasts while poly-ε-caprolactone was applied for its mechanical strength required for the envisaged application. In order to realize suitable osteoblast carriers, methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin was introduced into 3D printed poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds created using the Bioplotter technology, followed by performing a cryogenic treatment which was concomitant with the redox-initiated, covalent crosslinking of the gelatin derivative (i.e. cryogelation). In a first part, the efficiency of the cryogelation process was determined using gel fraction experiments and by correlating the results with conventional hydrogel formation at room temperature. Next, the optimal cryogelation parameters were fed into the combinatory approach and the scaffolds developed were characterized for their structural and mechanical properties using scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography and compression tests respectively. In a final part, in vitro biocompatibility assays indicated a good colonization of the pre-osteoblasts and the attachment of viable cells onto the cryogenic network. However, the results also show that the cellular infiltration throughout the entire scaffold is suboptimal, which implies that the scaffold design should be optimized by reducing the cryogel density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Rie
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Herremans E, Verboven P, Hertog MLATM, Cantre D, van Dael M, De Schryver T, Van Hoorebeke L, Nicolaï BM. Spatial development of transport structures in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:679. [PMID: 26388883 PMCID: PMC4554951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The void network and vascular system are important pathways for the transport of gases, water and solutes in apple fruit (Malus × domestica Borkh). Here we used X-ray micro-tomography at various spatial resolutions to investigate the growth of these transport structures in 3D during fruit development of "Jonagold" apple. The size of the void space and porosity in the cortex tissue increased considerably. In the core tissue, the porosity was consistently lower, and seemed to decrease toward the end of the maturation period. The voids in the core were more narrow and fragmented than the voids in the cortex. Both the void network in the core and in the cortex changed significantly in terms of void morphology. An automated segmentation protocol underestimated the total vasculature length by 9-12% in comparison to manually processed images. Vascular networks increased in length from a total of 5 m at 9 weeks after full bloom, to more than 20 m corresponding to 5 cm of vascular tissue per cubic centimeter of apple tissue. A high degree of branching in both the void network and vascular system and a complex three-dimensional pattern was observed across the whole fruit. The 3D visualizations of the transport structures may be useful for numerical modeling of organ growth and transport processes in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Herremans
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | | | - Dennis Cantre
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Mattias van Dael
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Schryver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UGCT-Radiation Physics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UGCT-Radiation Physics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Bart M. Nicolaï
- Division of MeBioS, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, University of LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest TechnologyLeuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Bart M. Nicolaï, Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology/BIOSYST-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Goyens J, Dirckx J, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Aerts P. Biomechanical determinants of bite force dimorphism in Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:1065-71. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.091744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the stag beetle family (Lucanidae), males have diverged from females by sexual selection. The males fight each other for mating opportunities with their enlarged mandibles. It is known that owners of larger fighting apparatuses are favoured to win the male–male fights, but it was unclear whether male stag beetles also need to produce high bite forces while grabbing and lifting opponents in fights. We show that male Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles bite three times as forcefully as females. This is not entirely unexpected given the spectacular nature of the fights, but all the more impressive given the difficulty of achieving this with their long mandibles (long levers). Our results suggest no increase in male intrinsic muscle strength to accomplish this. However, morphological analyses show that the long mandibular output levers in males are compensated by elongated input levers (and thus a wider anterior side of the head). The surplus of male bite force capability is realized by enlargement of the closer muscles of the mandibles, while overall muscle force direction remained optimal. To enable the forceful bites required to ensure male reproductive success, male head size and shape are adapted for long input levers and large muscles. Therefore, the entire head should be regarded as an integral part of male armature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Goyens
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of BioMedical Physics, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joris Dirckx
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of BioMedical Physics, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- Ghent University, UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Ghent University, UGCT-Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Aerts
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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43
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Boone MN, Garrevoet J, Tack P, Scharf O, Cormode DP, Van Loo D, Pauwels E, Dierick M, Vincze L, Van Hoorebeke L. High spectral and spatial resolution X-ray transmission radiography and tomography using a Color X-ray Camera. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A 2014; 735:10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.044. [PMID: 24357889 PMCID: PMC3864699 DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High resolution X-ray radiography and computed tomography are excellent techniques for non-destructive characterization of an object under investigation at a spatial resolution in the micrometer range. However, as the image contrast depends on both chemical composition and material density, no chemical information is obtained from this data. Furthermore, lab-based measurements are affected by the polychromatic X-ray beam, which results in beam hardening effects. New types of X-ray detectors which provide spectral information on the measured X-ray beam can help to overcome these limitations. In this paper, an energy dispersive CCD detector with high spectral resolution is characterized for use in high resolution radiography and tomography, where a focus is put on the experimental conditions and requirements of both measurement techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu N Boone
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Ghent University, Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281/S12; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Tack
- Ghent University, Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281/S12; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Oliver Scharf
- IfG-Institute for Scientific Instruments GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29/31; D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - David P Cormode
- University of Pennsylvania, Depts. Radiology, Cardiology and Bioengineering, O3400 Spruce St, 1 Silverstein; Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Denis Van Loo
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elin Pauwels
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Laszlo Vincze
- Ghent University, Dept. Analytical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281/S12; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- Ghent University, Dept. Physics and Astronomy, Proeftuinstraat 86; B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Masschaele B, Dierick M, Loo DV, Boone MN, Brabant L, Pauwels E, Cnudde V, Hoorebeke LV. HECTOR: A 240kV micro-CT setup optimized for research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/463/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Fassina L, Visai L, Magenes G, Schelfhout J, Bloise N, Riva F, Omes C, Avanzini MA, Cusella De Angelis MG, Benazzo F, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Ultrasound stimulus to enhance the bone regeneration capability of gelatin cryogels. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:846-9. [PMID: 24109820 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, gelatin-based cryogels have been seeded with human SAOS-2 osteoblasts. In order to overcome the drawbacks associated with in vitro culture systems, such as limited diffusion and inhomogeneous cell-matrix distribution, this work describes the application of ultrasounds (average power, 149 mW; frequency, 1.5 MHz) to physically enhance the cell culture in vitro. The results indicate that the physical stimulation of cell-seeded gelatin-based cryogels upregulates the bone matrix production.
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Willaert B, Bossuyt F, Janssenswillen S, Adriaens D, Baggerman G, Matthijs S, Pauwels E, Proost P, Raepsaet A, Schoofs L, Stegen G, Treer D, Van Hoorebeke L, Vandebergh W, Van Bocxlaer I. Frog nuptial pads secrete mating season-specific proteins related to salamander pheromones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:4139-43. [PMID: 23948475 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.086363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Males of many frog species develop spiny nuptial pads with underlying glands on their thumbs during the mating period. We used 3D visualization on the European common frog Rana temporaria to show that the morphology of these glands allows the channelling of secreted molecules to the pad's surface during amplexus. Combined transcriptome and proteome analyses show that proteins of the Ly-6/uPAR family, here termed amplexins, are highly expressed in the nuptial glands during the mating season, but are totally absent outside that period. The function of amplexins remains unknown, but it is interesting to note that they share structural similarities with plethodontid modulating factors, proteins that influence courtship duration in salamanders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Willaert
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Biology Department, Amphibian Evolution Lab, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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47
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De Crop W, Pauwels E, Van Hoorebeke L, Geerinckx T. Functional morphology of the Andean climbing catfishes (Astroblepidae, Siluriformes): Alternative ways of respiration, adhesion, and locomotion using the mouth. J Morphol 2013; 274:1164-79. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wannes De Crop
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates; Ghent University-UGent; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Elin Pauwels
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy; Ghent University-UGent; Proeftuinstraat 86 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy; Ghent University-UGent; Proeftuinstraat 86 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Tom Geerinckx
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates; Ghent University-UGent; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 9000 Ghent Belgium
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48
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Leroux O, Leroux F, Mastroberti AA, Santos-Silva F, Van Loo D, Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Van Hoorebeke L, Bals S, Popper ZA, de Araujo Mariath JE. Heterogeneity of silica and glycan-epitope distribution in epidermal idioblast cell walls in Adiantum raddianum laminae. Planta 2013; 237:1453-64. [PMID: 23430352 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Laminae of Adiantum raddianum Presl., a fern belonging to the family Pteridaceae, are characterised by the presence of epidermal fibre-like cells under the vascular bundles. These cells were thought to contain silica bodies, but their thickened walls leave no space for intracellular silica suggesting it may actually be deposited within their walls. Using advanced electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis we showed the presence of silica in the cell walls of the fibre-like idioblasts. However, it was specifically localised to the outer layers of the periclinal wall facing the leaf surface, with the thick secondary wall being devoid of silica. Immunocytochemical experiments were performed to ascertain the respective localisation of silica deposition and glycan polymers. Epitopes characteristic for pectic homogalacturonan and the hemicelluloses xyloglucan and mannan were detected in most epidermal walls, including the silica-rich cell wall layers. The monoclonal antibody, LM6, raised against pectic arabinan, labelled the silica-rich primary wall of the epidermal fibre-like cells and the guard cell walls, which were also shown to contain silica. We hypothesise that the silicified outer wall layers of the epidermal fibre-like cells support the lamina during cell expansion prior to secondary wall formation. This implies that silicification does not impede cell elongation. Although our results suggest that pectic arabinan may be implicated in silica deposition, further detailed analyses are needed to confirm this. The combinatorial approach presented here, which allows correlative screening and in situ localisation of silicon and cell wall polysaccharide distribution, shows great potential for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Leroux
- Botany and Plant Science and Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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49
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Wernersson ELG, Boone MN, Van den Bulcke J, Van Hoorebeke L, Luengo Hendriks CL. Postprocessing method for reducing phase effects in reconstructed microcomputed-tomography data. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2013; 30:455-461. [PMID: 23456121 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.30.000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
With increased resolution in x-ray computed tomography, refraction adds increasingly to the attenuation signal. Though potentially beneficial, the artifacts caused by refraction often need to be removed from the image. In this paper, we propose a postprocessing method, based on deconvolution, that is able to remove these artifacts after conventional reconstruction. This method poses two advantages over existing projection-based (preprocessing) phase-retrieval or phase-removal algorithms. First, evaluation of the parameters can be done very quickly, improving the overall speed of the method. Second, postprocessing methods can be applied when projection data is not available, which occurs in several commercial systems with closed software or when projection data has been deleted. It is shown that the proposed method performs comparably to state-of-the-art methods in terms of image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik L G Wernersson
- Centre for Image Analysis, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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50
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Geerinckx T, Vreven E, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Adriaens D. Revision of Notoglanidium and related genera (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) based on morphology and osteology. Zootaxa 2013; 3691:165-91. [PMID: 26167574 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3691.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Apart from the well-demarcated genera Auchenoglanis and Parauchenoglanis, Auchenoglanidinae, one of the two sub-families of the African catfish family Claroteidae, suffers from poor resolution at the generic level. For the remaining genera, Notoglanidium, Liauchenoglanis, Platyglanis and Anaspidoglanis, generic discriminations are rudimentary. In addition, several included species are poorly defined and barely represented in scientific collections. Until now, no study has included morphological data for all currently known species, and for many species osteological data were non-existent. Molecular data for most species are lacking as well. Here, a comprehensive account of the morphology and osteology is given of all species included in these four genera. Using computed tomography (CT scanning) as well as clearing and staining, osteological characters were combined with biometric, meristic and other morphological data to revise the status of these genera and included species. Morphological and osteological data, submitted to a phylogenetic analysis, agree with metric and meristic data that all Liauchenoglanis, Platyglanis and Anaspidoglanis cannot be discerned from Notoglanidium; their genus and type species descriptions fail to be distinguished from Notoglanidium. Here their synonymy is proposed, resulting in a single valid genus, including nine species of which the validity is confirmed. A key to the genus and included species, as well as a diagnosis and description for each of them, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Geerinckx
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University--UGent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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