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Bird J, Marshman Z, Jones K, Baker SR. The oral health of adults with learning disabilities: A secondary analysis of the Adult Dental Health Survey 2009. Community Dent Health 2024. [PMID: 38373221 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00251bird06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adults who have learning disabilities are a vulnerable group, little is known about their oral health and how this affects their quality of life. The aims of this secondary analysis of data from the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey (ADHS) were to describe the oral health status of adults with learning disabilities, determine if severity of learning disability is associated with oral health and identify some of the methodological complexities of working with this population. The survey yields the most recent representative data on the oral health of adults with learning disabilities in England and importantly, contains information about oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL). BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from a supplemental survey of adults with learning disabilities collected alongside the 2009 ADHS. PARTICIPANTS 607 participants with a diagnosed learning disability aged 18 years and over. RESULTS Adults with learning disabilities had similar levels of active dental caries, fewer natural teeth, and fewer fillings than comparable participants from the general population. Self-reported oral and general health were worse for adults with learning disabilities than the general population. Possible associations between the severity of learning disability and the numbers of decayed, missing or filled teeth were identified. However, large amounts of missing data limited the analysis. CONCLUSIONS There are important questions relating to the accessibility of existing self-reported oral health questionnaires and the reliability of proxy-reported questions about OHRQoL that should be addressed to give a fuller picture of the oral health of adults with learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bird
- Community and Special Care Dentistry, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Z Marshman
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - K Jones
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health & Social Care, UK
| | - S R Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, UK
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Hamid M, Bird J, Yeo J, Shrestha A, Carter M, Kudhail K, Akingboye A, Sellahewa C. Paradigm shift towards emergency cholecystectomy: one site experience of the Chole-QuiC process. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023. [PMID: 38037953 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substantial evidence exists for the superiority of emergency over delayed cholecystectomy for gallstone disease during primary admission. Despite this, emergency surgery rates in the UK remain low compared with other developed countries, with great variation in care across the nation. We aimed to describe the local paradigm shift towards emergency surgery and investigate outcomes. METHODS This is a prospective observational study examining patients enrolled onto an emergency cholecystectomy pathway, following the hospital's subscription to the Royal College of Surgeons of England's Cholecystectomy Quality Improvement Collaborative (Chole-QuIC), between 1 December 2021 and 31 January 2023. Multivariate logistical regression models were used to identify patient and hospital factors associated with postoperative outcomes. RESULTS Of the 307 suitable acute admissions, 261 (85%) had an emergency cholecystectomy, compared with 5% preceding the Chole-QuIC interventions. Waiting time dropped from 67 to 5 days. A total of 208 (79.7%) patients were primary presentations, 92 (35.2%) were classed Tokyo grade 2 and 142 (54.4%) were obese. A total of 23 (8.8%) patients underwent preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and 26 (10%) patients had a subtotal cholecystectomy. Favourable outcomes (Clavien Dindo ≥3) were observed in first presentations (odds ratio (OR) 0.35; p=0.042) and for operation times within 7 days (OR 0.32; p=0.037), with worse outcomes in BMI ≥35 (OR 3.32; p=0.005) and operation time >7 days (OR 3.11; p=0.037). CONCLUSION A paradigm shift towards emergency cholecystectomy benefits both the patient and the service. Positive outcomes are apparent for early operation in patients presenting for the first time and recurrent attendees, with early operation (<7 days) providing the most favourable outcome in a select patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hamid
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J Bird
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J Yeo
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - M Carter
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - K Kudhail
- Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Benton M, Bird J, Pawlby S, Ismail K. The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on perceived mother-infant bonding: a qualitative study. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37493446 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2023.2239834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is rapidly increasing. It is associated with adverse physical and mental health outcomes for women and their babies. Mother-infant bonding is important for maternal health and infant development, but the effect of GDM on mother-infant bonding has not been examined. OBJECTIVE To explore and describe the impact of GDM on perceived mother infant-bonding in the antenatal and postnatal period. METHODS Qualitative, individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 women from diverse backgrounds with current or previous GDM. Data were analysed using reflexive inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Three main themes were generated from the analysis: 1) Concern for baby's health and its impact on bonding; 2) GDM management, the pregnancy experience, and bonding; 3) Continuity and discontinuity of the impact on bonding between the antenatal and postnatal periods. CONCLUSION It was found that GDM can have both positive and negative impacts on perceived mother-infant bonding, which appear to change over the course of the perinatal period. Further observational research is needed to assist in understanding the impact of GDM on mother-infant bonding and the potential mediating effect of mental disorders, including depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Benton
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bird
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Pawlby
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Khalida Ismail
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Levesque-Beaudin V, Miller ME, Dikow T, Miller SE, Prosser SW, Zakharov EV, McKeown JT, Sones JE, Redmond NE, Coddington JA, Santos BF, Bird J, deWaard JR. A workflow for expanding DNA barcode reference libraries through 'museum harvesting' of natural history collections. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e100677. [PMID: 38327333 PMCID: PMC10848567 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural history collections are the physical repositories of our knowledge on species, the entities of biodiversity. Making this knowledge accessible to society - through, for example, digitisation or the construction of a validated, global DNA barcode library - is of crucial importance. To this end, we developed and streamlined a workflow for 'museum harvesting' of authoritatively identified Diptera specimens from the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. Our detailed workflow includes both on-site and off-site processing through specimen selection, labelling, imaging, tissue sampling, databasing and DNA barcoding. This approach was tested by harvesting and DNA barcoding 941 voucher specimens, representing 32 families, 819 genera and 695 identified species collected from 100 countries. We recovered 867 sequences (> 0 base pairs) with a sequencing success of 88.8% (727 of 819 sequenced genera gained a barcode > 300 base pairs). While Sanger-based methods were more effective for recently-collected specimens, the methods employing next-generation sequencing recovered barcodes for specimens over a century old. The utility of the newly-generated reference barcodes is demonstrated by the subsequent taxonomic assignment of nearly 5000 specimen records in the Barcode of Life Data Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Levesque-Beaudin
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Meredith E. Miller
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Torsten Dikow
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Scott E. Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Sean W.J. Prosser
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Evgeny V. Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jaclyn T.A. McKeown
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jayme E. Sones
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Niamh E Redmond
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Coddington
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Bernardo F. Santos
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Jessica Bird
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
| | - Jeremy R. deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington, DCUnited States of America
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
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Santos BF, Miller ME, Miklasevskaja M, McKeown JTA, Redmond NE, Coddington JA, Bird J, Miller SE, Smith A, Brady SG, Buffington ML, Chamorro ML, Dikow T, Gates MW, Goldstein P, Konstantinov A, Kula R, Silverson ND, Solis MA, deWaard SL, Naik S, Nikolova N, Pentinsaari M, Prosser SWJ, Sones JE, Zakharov EV, deWaard JR. Enhancing DNA barcode reference libraries by harvesting terrestrial arthropods at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e100904. [PMID: 38327288 PMCID: PMC10848724 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of DNA barcoding has revolutionised biodiversity science, but its application depends on the existence of comprehensive and reliable reference libraries. For many poorly known taxa, such reference sequences are missing even at higher-level taxonomic scales. We harvested the collections of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (USNM) to generate DNA barcoding sequences for genera of terrestrial arthropods previously not recorded in one or more major public sequence databases. Our workflow used a mix of Sanger and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) approaches to maximise sequence recovery while ensuring affordable cost. In total, COI sequences were obtained for 5,686 specimens belonging to 3,737 determined species in 3,886 genera and 205 families distributed in 137 countries. Success rates varied widely according to collection data and focal taxon. NGS helped recover sequences of specimens that failed a previous run of Sanger sequencing. Success rates and the optimal balance between Sanger and NGS are the most important drivers to maximise output and minimise cost in future projects. The corresponding sequence and taxonomic data can be accessed through the Barcode of Life Data System, GenBank, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the Global Genome Biodiversity Network Data Portal and the NMNH data portal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo F. Santos
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UA, Paris, FranceInstitut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, SU, EPHE, UAParisFrance
| | - Meredith E. Miller
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Margarita Miklasevskaja
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jaclyn T. A. McKeown
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Niamh E. Redmond
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Coddington
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Jessica Bird
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Scott E. Miller
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Ashton Smith
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Seán G. Brady
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Matthew L. Buffington
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - M. Lourdes Chamorro
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Torsten Dikow
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Michael W. Gates
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Paul Goldstein
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Alexander Konstantinov
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Robert Kula
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Nicholas D. Silverson
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - M. Alma Solis
- Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, United States of AmericaSystematic Entomology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of AgricultureWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Stephanie L. deWaard
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Suresh Naik
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Nadya Nikolova
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Mikko Pentinsaari
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Sean W. J. Prosser
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jayme E. Sones
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Evgeny V. Zakharov
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
| | - Jeremy R. deWaard
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of AmericaNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaCentre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaSchool of Environmental Sciences, University of GuelphGuelphCanada
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P Patterson D, Hjorth C, Hernandez Irias A, Hewagama N, Bird J. Delayed In Vivo Encapsulation of Enzymes Alters the Catalytic Activity of Virus-Like Particle Nanoreactors. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2956-2968. [PMID: 36073831 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of enzymes inside protein cage structures, mimicking protein-based organelle structures found in nature, has great potential for the development of new catalytic materials with enhanced properties. In vitro and in vivo methodologies have been developed for the encapsulation of enzymes within protein cage structures of several types, particularly virus-like particles (VLPs), with the ability to retain the activity of the encapsulated enzymes. Here, we examine the in vivo encapsulation of enzymes within the bacteriophage P22 derived VLP and show that some enzymes may require a delay in encapsulation to allow proper folding and maturation before they can be encapsulated inside P22 as fully active enzymes. Using a sequential expression strategy, where enzyme cargoes are first expressed, allowed to fold, and later encapsulated by the expression of the P22 coat protein, altered enzymatic activities are obtained in comparison to enzymes encapsulated in P22 VLPs using a simultaneous coexpression strategy. The strategy and results discussed here highlight important considerations for researchers investigating the encapsulation of enzymes inside confined reaction environments via in vivo routes and provide a potential solution for those that have been unable to produce active enzymes upon encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, Texas 75799, United States
| | - Christy Hjorth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, Texas 75799, United States
| | - Andrea Hernandez Irias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, Texas 75799, United States
| | - Nathasha Hewagama
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jessica Bird
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, 3900 University Blvd., Tyler, Texas 75799, United States
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Bird J, Danson S, Greenfield D. CN74 Addressing unmet patient needs through an immunotherapy late effects clinic. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Nassif E, Keung E, Jiang P, Reuben A, Crosby S, Mathew G, Lazar A, Torres K, Wang WL, Guadagnolo A, Bishop A, Hunt K, Bird J, Lewis V, Conley A, Wargo J, Somaiah N, Roland C. 1493MO Peripheral immune biomarkers of survival in patients with resectable dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) treated with neoadjuvant nivolumab +/- ipilimumab (neoICB). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Patterson D, Draper D, Anazia K, Hjorth C, Bird J, Fancher S, Azghani A. Encapsulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Elastase Inside the P22 Virus‐Like Particle for Controlling Enzyme‐Substrate Interactions. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2200015. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Derek Draper
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Kara Anazia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Christy Hjorth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Jessica Bird
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Shandis Fancher
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
| | - Ali Azghani
- Department of Biology The University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas USA
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Butterworth W, Ong OT, Magar O, Bird J, Scannell R. 64 The Impact of Inadequate Pain Control Following Chest Trauma on The Incidence of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia and Hospital Admission Length. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The National Audit Office (2010) report estimated there was 20,000 cases of major trauma per year in England; of which 5,400 died and many others sustaining permanent disability. Blunt chest wall injuries are associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, and we aimed to investigate the impact of poor pain control in patient outcomes.
Method
Compliance with trust guidelines was assessed via a retrospective audit of all chest trauma patients between October 2019-20.
Results
28 chest trauma patients identified (M:F 15:13) with ages ranging from 47-94 yrs old (average age 73). Chest trauma was associated with high levels of morbidity (32%) and mortality (7%). 39% patients were found to have inadequate pain control. Only 17% patients eligible for regional anaesthetic blocks were performed within 24hrs. 33% patients developed hospital acquired pneumonias (HAP), of which 44% had received inadequate pain control. Average admission length of patients with a HAP was 15 days compared to 5 days without. 85% patients experienced either delayed or no assessment by specialist teams (i.e., physiotherapy, pain team).
Conclusions
Chest trauma patients often receive inadequate pain control and delayed specialist team input resulting in increased frequency of HAPs, admission length and morbidity/mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O T Ong
- Hereford County Hospital, Hereford, United Kingdom
| | - O Magar
- Hereford County Hospital, Hereford, United Kingdom
| | - J Bird
- Hereford County Hospital, Hereford, United Kingdom
| | - R Scannell
- Hereford County Hospital, Hereford, United Kingdom
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Kim M, Maldonado J, El Alam M, Pandey P, Nguyen Q, Moon B, Bird J, Satcher R, Lewis V, Lin P, Tang C, Koong A, Colbert L. Retreatment after Single Fraction Palliative Bone Metastasis Treatment in the Modern Era. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bird J, Morant K, Kane G, Mccully R, Pellikka P, Luis SA. 1678 Impact of anemia in exercise stress echocardiography: effects on exercise capacity and stress testing safety. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
None
Background/Purpose:
Anemia is a common condition in patients with cardiovascular disease. The effect of anemia in exercise stress testing has not been evaluated in a large cohort of patients.
Methods
We performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing exercise stress echocardiography over a 10 year period who had blood hemoglobin assessed within 48 hours of stress testing. World Health Organization cutoffs were used in defining the degree of anemia. The effect of anemia on exercise capacity and stress testing safety outcomes was assessed.
Results
In 15,652 patients, 90.3% were non-anemic, 7.6% mildly anemic, 2.1% moderately anemic, and 0.1% severely anemic. The incidence of serious supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias and need to transfer to the hospital was low (0.1%) and did not correlate to anemia severity (p = 0.25). There was an increased incidence of non-sustained SVT or atrial fibrillation with moderate anemia and increased incidence of hypotension with stress testing with mild and moderate anemia. There was a significant reduction in duration of exercise (p < 0.001) and METS (p < 0.001) achieved with worsening anemia.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that exercise stress testing is safe in patients with mild and moderate anemia, albeit with reduced exercise capacity. Low numbers of severely anemic patients despite a large study population limit generalizability of these results in this group.
Exercise Capacity Severe Anemia (N = 9) Moderate Anemia (N = 332) Mild Anemia (N = 1183) Non-anemic (N = 14128) P value Resting heart rate 81 ± 13 # 79 ± 14 # 72 ± 14 74 ± 13 <0.001* Peak heart rate 148 ± 22 139 ± 24 # 138 ± 23 # 147 ±22 <0.001* Exercise duration 5.3 ± 2.5 # 6.3 ± 2.1 # 7.2 ± 2.5 # 8.6 ± 2.7 <0.001* METS 6.3 ± 2.5 # 7.1 ± 2.2 # 8.0 ± 2.5 # 9.5 ± 2.7 <0.001* Safety Hypotension with stress 0 (0%) 31 (9.4%) # 94 (8.0%) # 437 (3.1%) <0.001* Mild supraventricular arrhythmia 1 (11.1%) 15 (4.5%) # 20 (1.7%) # 237 (2.3%) 0.04* Severe supraventricular arrhythmia 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 7 (0.1%) 0.99 Mild ventricular arrhythmia 0 (0%) 20 (6.0%) 74 (6.3%) 756 (5.4%) 0.94 Moderate ventricular arrhythmia 0 (0%) 3 (0.9%) 13 (1.1%) 182 (1.3%) 0.78 Severe ventricular arrhythmia 0 (0%) 1 (0.3%) 2 (0.2%) 1 (0.0%) 0.02 Transfer to hospital 0 (0%) 2 (0.6%) 1 (0.1%) 9 (0.1%) 0.29 Any severe arrhythmia or hospitalization 0 (0%) 2 (0.6%) 3 (0.3%) 17 (0.1%) 0.25 # Multi-comparison adjusted P-value <0.05 compared to non-anemic when group P < 0.05
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bird
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - K Morant
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - G Kane
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - R Mccully
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - P Pellikka
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiology, Rochester, United States of America
| | - S A Luis
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Cardiology, Rochester, United States of America
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Bird J, Sher L, Griffin N, Vereda A, Smith A, Ohayon J. P308 RESPONSE TO AR101 BY BASELINE PEANUT-SPECIFIC IGE AND SKIN PRICK TEST: RESULTS FROM PALISADE. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nguyen Q, Chow E, Chun S, Komaki R, Liao Z, Fnu R, Szeto B, Hahn S, Fuller C, Moon B, Lin P, Bird J, Satcher R, Jeter M, O'Reilly M, Lewis V. Single-Fraction Stereotactic versus Conventional Multifraction Radiation for Predominantly Non-Spine Bone Metastases: A Randomized Phase II Trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Green T, Davis C, Lambert R, Bird J. INCREASED REACTIVITY THRESHOLD IN PEANUT-ALLERGIC SUBJECTS TREATED WITH 12 MONTHS OF EPICUTANEOUS VIASKIN PEANUT. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Elhammali A, Dabaja B, Gunther J, Yoder A, Moon B, Weber D, Thomas S, Andraos T, Garg N, Amini B, Manasanch E, Patel K, Orlowski R, Lee H, Bird J, Satcher R, Lin P, Pinnix C, Milgrom S. Involved Site vs Extended Field Radiation Therapy for Multiple Myeloma of Long Bones after Internal Fixation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Bird J, Nolan M, Danson S. Supporting melanoma patients and their carers: A qualitative exploration of social interaction between patients, carers and healthcare professionals. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy276.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The boundary between neurology and psychiatry has never been sharply defined. It remains the case that a number of conditions (e.g. epilepsy, head-injury sequelae, dementia, and conversion hysteria) are seen by both neurologists and psychiatrists (Reynolds & Trimble, 1989). Few neurologists would dispute that there may be a marked psychiatric element to the presentation of multiple sclerosis, and it has long been noticed that even unmedicated chronic schizophrenic patients sometimes exhibit abnormalities of movement and so-called “soft” neurological signs such as dysgraphia and clumsiness (Lishman, 1988). These and other conditions may all on occasion present to the neuropsychiatrist.
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Sarment L, De Angelus C, Accolla R, Cole M, Brabender J, Bird J, Muelenaer A, Muelenaer P. Novel Device for Rapid Acquisition of Heart Rates in Neonatal Patients
for future use in Malawi. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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20
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De La Torre Campos D, Achempong J, Atta A, Claybon S, DeVincentis D, Edrees A, Jones D, Mackey S, Schliemann R, Tahir S, Bird J, Muelenaer A, Muelenaer P. TEAM Malawi: Low Cost Digital Microscopy for Automated Lab
Testing. Ann Glob Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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Bird J, Danson S, Nolan M. Melanoma, riding the rollercoaster: a longitudinal Grounded Theory study of the experiences of melanoma patients and their carers. Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(17)30628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Holliday R, Williams R, Bird J, Mullen K, Surís A. The role of cognitive processing therapy in improving psychosocial functioning, health, and quality of life in veterans with military sexual trauma-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Serv 2016; 12:428-434. [PMID: 26524285 DOI: 10.1037/ser0000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although research has identified evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for military sexual trauma (MST)-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), few studies have examined the effect of such treatments on psychosocial functioning, health or quality of life in individuals with MST-related PTSD. Male and female veterans (N = 45) with MST-related PTSD took part in a randomized clinical trial that included either 12 weeks of an evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatment (cognitive processing therapy; [CPT]) or a standard control condition (present centered therapy) and 6 months of follow-up. To assess quality of life and psychosocial functioning, each participant was administered the Quality of Life Inventory and the Short Form (36) Health Survey. Using a hierarchical linear modeling approach, results demonstrated that participants treated with CPT reported significantly higher physical functioning over time than did participants treated with PCT. Implications are discussed with regard to the role of psychotherapy in improving a patient's psychosocial and health functioning.
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23
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King C, Zamawe C, Banda M, Bar-Zeev N, Beard J, Bird J, Costello A, Kazembe P, Osrin D, Fottrell E. The quality and diagnostic value of open narratives in verbal autopsy: a mixed-methods analysis of partnered interviews from Malawi. BMC Med Res Methodol 2016; 16:13. [PMID: 26830814 PMCID: PMC4736636 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-016-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verbal autopsy (VA), the process of interviewing a deceased's family or caregiver about signs and symptoms leading up to death, employs tools that ask a series of closed questions and can include an open narrative where respondents give an unprompted account of events preceding death. The extent to which an individual interviewer, who generally does not interpret the data, affects the quality of this data, and therefore the assigned cause of death, is poorly documented. We aimed to examine inter-interviewer reliability of open narrative and closed question data gathered during VA interviews. METHODS During the introduction of VA data collection, as part of a larger study in Mchinji district, Malawi, we conducted partner interviews whereby two interviewers independently recorded open narrative and closed questions during the same interview. Closed questions were collected using a smartphone application (mobile-InterVA) and open narratives using pen and paper. We used mixed methods of analysis to evaluate the differences between recorded responses to open narratives and closed questions, causes of death assigned, and additional information gathered by open narrative. RESULTS Eighteen partner interviews were conducted, with complete data for 11 pairs. Comparing closed questions between interviewers, the median number of differences was 1 (IQR: 0.5-3.5) of an average 65 answered; mean inter-interviewer concordance was 92% (IQR: 92-99%). Discrepancies in open narratives were summarized in five categories: demographics, history and care-seeking, diagnoses and symptoms, treatment and cultural. Most discrepancies were seen in the reporting of diagnoses and symptoms (e.g., malaria diagnosis); only one pair demonstrated no clear differences. The average number of clinical symptoms reported was 9 in open narratives and 20 in the closed questions. Open narratives contained additional information on health seeking and social issues surrounding deaths, which closed questions did not gather. CONCLUSIONS The information gleaned during open narratives was subject to inter-interviewer variability and contained a limited number of symptom indicators, suggesting that their use for assigning cause of death is questionable. However, they contained rich information on care-seeking, healthcare provision and social factors in the lead-up to death, which may be a valuable source of information for promoting accountable health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- C King
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, 3rd Floor, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - C Zamawe
- Parent and Child Health Initiative, Lilongwe, Malawi.
| | - M Banda
- MaiMwana Project, Mchinji, Malawi.
| | - N Bar-Zeev
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - J Beard
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, 3rd Floor, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - J Bird
- Department of Computer Science, City University London, London, UK.
| | - A Costello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, 3rd Floor, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - P Kazembe
- MaiMwana Project, Mchinji, Malawi.
- Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation, Lilongwe, Malawi.
| | - D Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, 3rd Floor, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - E Fottrell
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, 3rd Floor, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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24
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Higginbottom A, Jinks C, Bird J, Rhodes C, Blackburn S, Dziedzic K. OP0014-PARE From Design to Implementation – Patient and Public Involvement in an Nihr Research Programme in Osteoarthritis in Primary Care. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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25
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Bird J, Koch M, Tatli S, Levesque V, Silverman S, Shyn P. Hepatic microwave ablation: does net deposited energy predict ablation zone size better than total applied energy? J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2014.12.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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26
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Rabin N, Lai M, Pratt G, Morgan G, Snowden J, Bird J, Cook G, Bowcock S, Owen R, Yong K, Wechalaker A, Low E, Davies F. United Kingdom Myeloma Forum position statement on the use of consolidation and maintenance treatment in myeloma. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 36:665-75. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Rabin
- Department of Haematology; University College London Hospitals; London UK
| | | | - G. Pratt
- Department of Haematology; Birmingham Hertlands Hospital; Birmingham UK
| | - G. Morgan
- Haemato-oncology; Royal Marsden Hospital; London UK
| | - J. Snowden
- Department of Haematology; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals; Sheffield UK
| | - J. Bird
- Department of Haematology; University Hospitals Bristol; Bristol UK
| | - G. Cook
- St James's Institute of Oncology; Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust; Leeds UK
| | - S. Bowcock
- Department of Haematology; Princess Royal Hospital; Orpington Kent UK
| | - R. Owen
- St James's Institute of Oncology; Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust; Leeds UK
| | - K. Yong
- Department of Haematology; University College London Hospitals; London UK
| | - A. Wechalaker
- Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins; Royal Free Hospital; London UK
| | | | - F. Davies
- Haemato-oncology; Royal Marsden Hospital; London UK
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27
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Armstrong A, Powell C, Powell R, Hallam N, Taylor J, Bird J, Sarran C, Oliver D. Are we seeing the effects of public awareness campaigns? A 10-year analysis of Breslow thickness at presentation of malignant melanoma in the South West of England. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013; 67:324-30. [PMID: 24434052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The last 20 years has seen a marked improvement in skin cancer awareness campaigns. We sought to establish whether this has affected the presenting Breslow thickness of malignant melanoma in the South West. METHOD This is a retrospective study looking at the first presentation of melanomas from 2003 to 2011. Data was accessed using the local online melanoma database. RESULTS A total of 2001 new melanomas presented from 2003 to 2012 (Male:Female = 1:1.062). The average yearly number of melanomas was 200.1 (range = 138-312). The mean age was 62.5 years (range 12-99). Data was analysed using a Chi² test. For 0-1 mm melanomas, there is a significant difference in the observed versus expected values over the 10 years (p = 0.0018). There is an increasing proportion of 0-1 mm (thin) melanomas presenting year on year, with a positive linear trend. This is very statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The 1-2 mm melanomas are decreasing in proportion with a negative linear trend (p = 0.0013). The 2-4 mm are also decreasing in proportion (p = 0.0253). There is no significant change in the thick >4 mm melanomas (p = 0.1456). CONCLUSION The proportion of thin 0-1 mm melanomas presenting in South West England has significantly increased from 2003 to 2012. There is no significant change in the thick >4 mm melanomas. This may be a result of increased public awareness due to effective public health campaigns which has significant prognostic and financial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Armstrong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - C Powell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Specialist Training Registrar in Plastic Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Rd, Bristol, South Gloucestershire BS16 1LE, UK
| | - R Powell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Research Design Consultant, Research Design Service (RDS) South West, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - N Hallam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Cancer Audit Facilitator, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J Taylor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Department of Radiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J Bird
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Research Fellow ENT Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - C Sarran
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Heath Research Analyst, Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, UK
| | - D Oliver
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
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Jackson G, Bird J. Drug errors--the ten commandments. Anaesthesia 2013; 68:648-9. [PMID: 23662763 DOI: 10.1111/anae.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bird
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Pratt G, Bowcock S, Lai M, Bell S, Bird J, D'Sa S, Cavenagh J, Cook G, Morgan G, Owen R, Snowden JA, Yong K, Davies F. United Kingdom Myeloma Forum (UKMF) position statement on the use of bendamustine in myeloma. Int J Lab Hematol 2013; 36:20-8. [PMID: 23615178 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bendamustine is a unique bifunctional alkylating agent with promising activity in myeloma. Despite the increasing number of studies demonstrating its efficacy in both the upfront and relapse settings, including patients with renal insufficiency, the optimal use of bendamustine, in terms of dosage, schedule and combination with other agents, has yet to be defined. It is currently licensed for use as frontline treatment with prednisolone for patients with myeloma who are unsuitable for transplantation and who are contraindicated for thalidomide and bortezomib. Studies in relapsed/refractory patients are currently ongoing with other combinations. Given the increasing data to date, the UK Myeloma Forum believes that bendamustine with steroids alone or in combination with a novel agent could be considered for patients with multiply relapsed myeloma. This document provides guidance for the use of bendamustine for patients with myeloma until the results of definitive studies are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pratt
- Haematology, Heart of England NHS Trust, Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Bowcock
- Haematology, South London Healthcare NHS Trust, Haematology Kent, Kent, UK
| | - M Lai
- Myeloma UK, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Bell
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J Bird
- Avon Haematology Unit, Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - S D'Sa
- Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Cavenagh
- Department of Haematology, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Cook
- Department of Haematology, St. James's Institute of Oncology, Leeds, UK
| | - G Morgan
- Haemato-Oncology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
| | - R Owen
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service Laboratory, The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - J A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - K Yong
- Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Davies
- Haemato-Oncology Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
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El-Asir L, Middleton G, Bird J, Buchanan C, Clark K. Incidence of lymphoedema following sentinel lymph node biopsy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Uesaki M, Morland A, Gouws A, Hymers M, Alvares I, Aslet M, Bird J, Dearden R, Maslanka S, Ashida H. Negative BOLD in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: Neuronal Implications and Cortico-Thalamic Feedback. Iperception 2011. [PMCID: PMC5393770 DOI: 10.1068/ic314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated a sustained negative BOLD response (NBR) that is negatively correlated with the spatio-temporal properties of a visual stimulus. Whilst it has been suggested that the NBR surrounding the positive BOLD response (PBR) may reflect blood-stealing, evidence indicates that the extensive NBR distal to the PBR is a manifestation of neuronal suppression. This study aimed to evaluate NBR in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and to explore the source of the NBR. fMRI data were obtained from six subjects, while they viewed a grating stimulus. The NBR was identified in the LGN ipsilateral to the stimulus. The results also verified the NBR in V1 ipsilateral to the stimulus and revealed the PBR in bilateral V5. It was concluded that the NBR can be found in the LGN, and is most likely driven by feedback from ipsilateral V1. The finding that the stimulus that stimulates the LGN in one hemisphere can cause extensive suppression in the LGN of the opposite hemisphere rejects the notion that the effect is purely a blood-stealing effect as the two LGN have different blood supplies. The results, together with previous research, indicate that the NBR may reflect neuronal suppression.
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Gardner K, Bird J, Canning PM, Frizzell LM, Smith LM. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight among 5-year-old children in Saint Lucia by three methods of classification and a comparison with historical rates. Child Care Health Dev 2011; 37:143-9. [PMID: 20854448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to determine if child obesity rates have risen in the Caribbean nation of Saint Lucia, as found globally, and whether under-nutrition coexists, as in other developing nations. The average adult in Saint Lucia is overweight, thus considerable child obesity might be expected, but there are no current data. METHODS Heights and weights were obtained from a sample (n= 425) of the 2001 birth cohort of Saint Lucian children measured during the nation-wide 2006/2007 Prior to School Entry Five-Year Assessment. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight were estimated by Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Cole et al. and new World Health Organization (WHO) methods. Previously reported 1976 estimates, including children ≤60 months of age only, based on National Centre for Health Statistics curves, were adjusted to new WHO equivalents using an algorithm developed by Yang and de Onis, and compared with rates in our subsample of children ≤60 months of age (n= 99). RESULTS Regardless of classification method, overweight and obesity rates were high: 14.4% and 9.2% (WHO); 11.3% and 12.0% (CDC); and 9.9% and 7.1% (Cole et al.), respectively. Underweight estimates also varied: 4.7% (WHO); 11.3% (CDC) and 6.6% (Cole et al.). Obesity in our young subsample (15.2%; WHO) was more than 3 times the adjusted 1976 rate (4.3%). CONCLUSIONS Obesity among Saint Lucian pre-schoolers has tripled in 30 years. Our findings also suggest that this country, like many undergoing a 'nutrition transition', faces the dual challenge of over-nutrition and under-nutrition. Routine monitoring of overweight and underweight is needed in Saint Lucia, as is the implementation and evaluation of programmes to address these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gardner
- Community Paediatrician, National Child and Adolescent Health Program, Ministry of Health, Government of Saint Lucia, Castries, Saint Lucia
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Garner JP, Watts S, Parry C, Bird J, Kirkman E. Development of a large animal model for investigating resuscitation after blast and hemorrhage. World J Surg 2009; 33:2194-202. [PMID: 19653034 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-009-0105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blast injuries are an increasing problem owing to the widespread terrorist threat, but hemorrhage remains the second leading cause of civilian trauma death. Against this background, increasing numbers of prehospital and military trauma organizations are advocating a hypotensive approach to resuscitation of the hypovolemic casualty, deliberately aiming not to achieve a normal blood pressure so as not to disturb any newly formed blood clots at the site of a vascular injury. METHODS There are no data available to guide clinicians as to how best to resuscitate the blast-injured casualty who has also suffered a hemorrhagic injury. A large-scale program was initiated to examine this question and to offer clinical guidance on the optimal resuscitation strategy in such circumstances in terms of volume, type of fluid, speed of resuscitation, and appropriate endpoints. Before such experiments could be undertaken, a novel large animal model of blast and hemorrhage had to be devised and validated. This study outlines the derivation of such a large animal model utilizing terminally anesthetized Large White pigs exposed to a standardized primary blast wave followed by a controlled hemorrhage of 30% of the total blood volume. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The preliminary results confirm the reliability and reproducibility of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Garner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dstl, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK
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Davies F, Morris C, Bird J, Cook G, Williams C, Tighe J, Cavenagh J, Behrens J, Schey S, Morgan G. United Kingdom myeloma forum position statement on the use of lenalidomide in multiple myeloma. Int J Lab Hematol 2008; 31:119-31. [PMID: 19016917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-553x.2008.01106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug, which has anti-myeloma activity in vitro. Phase II clinical trials have demonstrated lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone is effective for the treatment of both relapsed refractory myeloma and newly diagnosed patients. Two large phase III studies comparing lenalidomide and dexamethasone to dexamethasone alone in relapsed patients showed superiority in response, progression free and overall survival. It is administered orally for 21 days in a 28 day cycle. Side effects are manageable and include neutropenia and venous thrombotic events. It is currently approved, in combination with dexamethasone, for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients who have received at least one prior therapy. Studies in front line patients and with other drug combinations are ongoing. Given the strength of this data the UK Myeloma Forum believe that lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone should be available for prescription by UK haematologists according to its licensed indication in patients with relapsed myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Davies
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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Drake E, Drake M, Bird J, Russell R. Obstetric regional blocks for women with multiple sclerosis: a survey of UK experience. Int J Obstet Anesth 2006; 15:115-23. [PMID: 16488136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2005.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2005] [Accepted: 10/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a reluctance to use regional blocks for women with multiple sclerosis as effects on the course of the disease are unclear. We assessed the views of UK consultant obstetric anaesthetists regarding management of women with multiple sclerosis. METHODS Following Obstetric Anaesthetists' Association approval a questionnaire was sent to UK consultant members. Opinions were sought on antenatal assessment, labour analgesia, anaesthesia for elective and emergency caesarean section, and modification in technique for those with multiple sclerosis. Enquiries were made of postnatal problems ascribed to regional blocks. RESULTS Of the 592 replies analysed, 91% of respondents had seen fewer than 10 cases of multiple sclerosis in the past 10 years. Antenatal assessment was recommended by many with postnatal relapse most commonly discussed (64%). Many highlighted the need for informed consent and minimising local anaesthetic dose. For labour analgesia 79% would perform a regional block; a further 20% would do so in certain circumstances. For elective caesarean section, epidural rather than spinal anaesthesia was preferred by 4%; 2% would not use a regional block, preferring general anaesthesia. For emergency caesarean section with time only for single-shot spinal, 3% would give a general anaesthetic. Deterioration of symptoms after delivery were reported by 20% with 3% attributing symptoms such as prolonged block, leg weakness, bladder dysfunction and postnatal relapse to regional blocks. CONCLUSION Most UK anaesthetists would perform regional blocks for labour and caesarean section in multiple sclerosis, although the experience of each anaesthetist is limited. Many emphasised the need for thorough pre-assessment and informed consent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Drake
- Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Baguley DM, Bird J, Humphriss RL, Prevost AT. The evidence base for the application of contralateral bone anchored hearing aids in acquired unilateral sensorineural hearing loss in adults. Clin Otolaryngol 2006; 31:6-14. [PMID: 16441794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2006.01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
. Acquired unilateral sensorineural hearing loss reduces the ability to localize sounds and to discriminate in background noise. . Four controlled trials attempt to determine the benefit of contralateral bone anchored hearing aids over contralateral routing of signal (CROS) hearing aids and over the unaided condition. All found no significant improvement in auditory localization with either aid. Speech discrimination in noise and subjective questionnaire measures of auditory abilities showed an advantage for bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) > CROS > unaided conditions. . All four studies have material shortfalls: (i) the BAHA was always trialled after the CROS aid; (ii) CROS aids were only trialled for 4 weeks; (iii) none used any measure of hearing handicap when selecting subjects; (iv) two studies have a bias in terms of patient selection; (v) all studies were underpowered (vi) double reporting of patients occurred. . There is a paucity of evidence to support the efficacy of BAHA in the treatment of acquired unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Clinicians should proceed with caution and perhaps await a larger randomized trial. . It is perhaps only appropriate to insert a BAHA peg at the time of vestibular schwanoma tumour excision in patients with good preoperative hearing, as their hearing handicap increases most.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Baguley
- Audiology Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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O'Keeffe L, Gibney E, Muir G, McCormack B, Bird J, Nerem R, McGloughlin T. Endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CAM) expression following exposure to physiological coronary WSS. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)84225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Holah JT, Bird J, Hall KE. The microbial ecology of high-risk, chilled food factories; evidence for persistent Listeria spp. and Escherichia coli strains. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 97:68-77. [PMID: 15186443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The intention of this study was to provide evidence of any Listeria spp. or Escherichia coli strain persistence, and to identify whether strains of these organisms adapt to specific environmental or product niches in food factories. METHODS AND RESULTS A 3-year assessment of the microbial ecology of four, ready-to-eat food-processing factories was undertaken in which approx. 196 000 and 75 000 product and environmental samples were examined for Escherichia coli and Listeria spp. respectively. A total of 152 E. coli isolates (44 environmental and 108 product in 62 ribogroups) and 260 Listeria spp. isolates (174 environmental and 86 product in 30 ribogroups) were identified and ribotyped. The overall prevalence of E. coli (0.08%), all Listeria spp. (0.35%) and L. monocytogenes (0.23%) was very low. Some 10 E. coli ribogroups and 14 Listeria spp. ribogroups showed evidence for persistence, defined as the isolation of the same strain, from the same site, over a prolonged time period. The majority of E. coli strains were product niche oriented whilst the majority of Listeria spp. strains were environmental niche oriented. CONCLUSION Current UK high-risk food factory designs, personnel hygiene and cleaning and disinfection regimes are sufficient to control Listeria spp. and E. coli to very low levels. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Persistent strains of these organisms, however, can remain within factory high-risk production areas over considerable time periods, warranting an examination of the strain persistence mechanisms and alternative hygiene controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Holah
- Campden and Chorleywood Food Research Association, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, UK.
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Lowe J, Sheerin A, Jennert-Burston K, Burton D, Ostler EL, Bird J, Green MHL, Faragher RGA. Camptothecin sensitivity in Werner syndrome fibroblasts as assessed by the COMET technique. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1019:256-9. [PMID: 15247024 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1297.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is an inherited genetic disease in which individuals display the premature aging of a selected subset of tissues. The disorder results from the loss of function mutations in the wrn gene. Wrn codes for a member of the RecQ helicase family with a unique nuclease domain. There is significant evidence that the role of wrn is to assist in the repair and reinitiation of DNA replication forks that have stalled. Loss of the wrn helicase imposes a distinct set of phenotypes at the cellular level. These include premature replicative senescence (in a subset of cell types), chromosomal instability, a distinct mutator phenotype, and hypersensitivity to a limited number of DNA damaging agents. Unfortunately, most of these phenotypes are not suitable for the rapid assessment of loss of function of the wrn gene product. However, WS cells have been reported to show abnormal sensitivity to the drug camptothecin (an inhibitor of topoisomerase type I). A rapid assay for this sensitivity would be a useful marker of loss of wrn function. The COMET (single-cell gel electrophoresis) assay is a rapid, sensitive, versatile, and robust technique for the quantitative assessment of DNA damage in eukaryotic cells. Using this assay, we have found that a significantly increased level of strand breaks can be demonstrated in WS cells treated with camptothecin compared with normal controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lowe
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
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Viitanen M, Bird J, Smith R, Tulamo RM, May SA. Biochemical characterisation of navicular hyaline cartilage, navicular fibrocartilage and the deep digital flexor tendon in horses with navicular disease. Res Vet Sci 2003; 75:113-20. [PMID: 12893159 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(03)00072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The study hypothesis was that navicular disease is a process analogous to degenerative joint disease, which leads to changes in navicular fibrocartilage and in deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) matrix composition and that the process extends to the adjacent distal interphalangeal joint. The objectives were to compare the biochemical composition of the navicular articular and palmar cartilages from 18 horses with navicular disease with 49 horses with no history of front limb lameness, and to compare navicular fibrocartilage with medial meniscus of the stifle and collateral cartilage of the hoof. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), total glycosaminoglycan (GAG), metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and water content in tissues were measured. Hyaline cartilage had the highest content of COMP and COMP content in hyaline cartilage and tendon was higher in lame horses than in sound horses (p<0.05). The concentration of MMP-2 amount in hyaline cartilage was higher in lame horses than in sound horses. The MMP-2 amounts were significantly higher in tendons compared to other tissue types. Overall, 79% of the lame horses with lesions had MMP-9 in their tendons and the amount was higher than in sound horses (p<0.05). In horses with navicular disease there were matrix changes in navicular hyaline and fibrocartilage as well as the DDFT with potential implications for the pathogenesis and management of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viitanen
- Royal Veterinary College, FAEMS, University of London, London, UK.
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Idris AM, Hiebert E, Bird J, Brown JK. Two Newly Described Begomoviruses of Macroptilium lathyroides and Common Bean. Phytopathology 2003; 93:774-783. [PMID: 18943157 DOI: 10.1094/phyto.2003.93.7.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Macroptilium lathyroides, a perennial weed in the Caribbean region and Central America, is a host of Macroptilium yellow mosaic Florida virus (MaYMFV) and Macroptilium mosaic Puerto Rico virus (MaMPRV). The genomes of MaYMFV and MaMPRV were cloned from M. lathyroides and/or field-infected bean and the DNA sequences were determined. Cloned A and B components for both viruses were infectious when inoculated to M. lathyroides and common bean. Comparison of the DNA sequences for cloned A and B components with well-studied begomovirus indicated that MaMPRV (bean and M. lathyroides) and MaYMFV (M. lathyroides) are unique, previously undescribed begomo-viruses from the Western Hemisphere. Phylogenetic analysis of viral A components indicated that the closest relative of MaYMFV are members of the Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) group, at 76 to 78% nucleotide identity, whereas the closest relative for the A component of MaMPRV was Rhynchosia golden mosaic virus at 78% nucleotide identity. In contrast, BGYMV is the closest relative for the B component of both MaYMFV and MaMPRV, with which they share approximately 68.0 and approximately 72% identity, respectively. The incongruent taxonomic placement for the bipartite components for MaMPRV indicates that they did not evolve entirely along a common path. MaYMFV and MaMPRV caused distinctive symptoms in bean and M. lathyroides and were transmissible by the whitefly vector and by grafting; however, only MaYMFV was mechanically transmissible. The experimental host range for the two viruses was similar and included species within the families Fabaceae and Malvaceae, but only MaYMFV infected Malva parviflora and soybean. These results collectively indicate that MaMPRV and MaYMFV are new, previously undescribed species of the BGYMV group, a clade previously known to contain only strains and isolates of BGYMV from the Caribbean region that infect Phaseolus spp. Both MaYMFV and MaMPRV may pose an economic threat to bean production in the region.
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Idris AM, Bird J, Rogan DM, Brown JK. Molecular Characterization of Rhynchosia mosaic virus-Puerto Rico Associated with Symptomatic Rhynchosia minima and Cajanus cajan in Puerto Rico. Plant Dis 2002; 86:558. [PMID: 30818684 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) has long been suspected to be associated with Rhynchosia mosaic (RhM) disease of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., a weed that is widespread in Puerto Rico (PR). The suspect virus has been transmitted by the Sida biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and has been designated RhM virus-PR (RhMV-PR) (1) (synonym, Rhynchosia mosaic virus [RMV]). RhM symptoms in R. minima included yellow foliar mosaic and stunting. The virus has a broad experimental host range and infects species in the Fabaceae, including R. minima, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), and Clitoria falcata L. (1). However, until now RhMV has not been identified from naturally infected pigeon pea or Clitoria falcata. R. minima and C. cajan plants exhibiting yellow foliar mosaic and stunting symptoms were collected in Puerto Rico. Using the B biotype of B. tabaci as the vector, their whitefly transmissibility from the respective source plant to R. minima and C. cajan test plants was confirmed, and symptoms in inoculated host were indistinguishable for both isolates. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers (2), three amplicons were obtained and cloned for each isolate. PCR products (1.1 and 2.1 kbp) were assembled (~200 nucleotide [nt] overlap) to yield an apparent full-length DNA A component (~2.6 kbp) containing the diagnostically informative viral coat protein gene (CP) and common region (CR-A). PCR primers were used to amplify the DNA B component segment (0.7 kbp) containing the CR-B (2). The DNA sequence for the core CP (533 nt) and full CP (750 nt) were compared with analogous sequences for well-studied begomoviruses, and CR-A and CR-B (153 nt) were compared for RhMV isolates. All isolates noted were obtained from GenBank. The core CP for isolates from R. minima (AF442117) and C. cajan (AY062025) shared 97.9% nucleotide identity (100% AA similarity) and the CR-A (AF442118) and CR-B (AF442119) sequences for R. minima and C. cajan isolates were ~96% identical, indicating the A and B components are of the same begomovirus. Comparison of the core CP sequence for an independent isolate from C. cajan from PR (AY028308) (4) with those for R. minima and C. cajan isolates indicated 95.5% (99.4% AA) and 96.2% (99.4% AA) nucleotide identity, respectively, indicating association of RhMV with both C. cajan samples. The recently archived core CP (533 nt) (AY028308) is actually of RhMV-PR, rather than a distinct begomovirus species, as indicated (4). Interestingly, the core CP of R. minima (AF442117) and C. cajan (AY062025) isolates were 91.7% (98.9% AA) and 92.3% (98.9% AA) identical, respectively, with a PR isolate from Clitoria falcata (AF070924), also confirming that RhMV-PR naturally infects Clitoria falcata. Analysis of the full CP for the R. minima and C. cajan isolates revealed that their closest relatives were Macroptilium mosaic virus (MaMV-PR) (AF176092) and Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV-PR) (M10070) at 89 and 84% nucleotide identity, respectively. Applying the 90% CP rule (3) to RhMV CP sequences, RhMV is a distinct begomovirus species. At least three begomoviruses, BGMV-PR, MaMV-PR, and RhMV-PR, naturally infect leguminous species in Puerto Rico. References: (1) J. Bird. Phytopathology 52:286, 1962. (2) A. M. Idris and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 88:648, 1998. (3) M. A. Mayo and C. R. Pringle. J. Gen. Virol. 79:649, 1998. (4) R. L. Rodriguez et al. Plant Dis. 85:1119, 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Idris
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
| | - J Bird
- Plant Protection Department, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR 00928
| | - D M Rogan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
| | - J K Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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Hodkinson ID, Bird J, Miles JE, Bale JS, Lennon JJ. Climatic signals in the life histories of insects: the distribution and abundance of heather psyllids (Strophingia
spp.) in the UK. Funct Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate biochemical changes in synovial fluid in navicular disease, and to establish if synovial fluid from the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) could be used diagnostically to assess alterations in the synovial fluid of the navicular bursa. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), total glycosaminoglycans (GAG), hyaluronan (HA), metalloproteinases 2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and total protein (TP) levels were determined in synovial fluids obtained from 18 navicular bursae and 35 DIP -joints from animals suffering from navicular disease, and the same synovial structures in 16 joints of horses with no evidence of abnormalities involving the foot. To avoid dilution effects, GAG/COMP, HA/COMP, MMP-2/ COMP and MMP-9/COMP ratios were also calculated for different synovial cavities. There was a good correlation, for COMP, GAG, HA, MMP-2 and TP levels, between synovial fluid from the navicular bursa and fluid from the DIP -joint in healthy animals. However, in animals with navicular disease, only COMP levels showed no difference between the navicular bursal fluid and the DIP-joint fluid concentration. Thus, enabling the use of COMP to standardise other biochemical concentration measurements from the synovial joint fluids. In horses with navicular disease, there was a significantly lower absolute concentration of GAG, and a significantly lower GAG/COMP ratio, in the synovial fluid of the navicular bursa and the DIP-joint compared to synovial fluid from the same joints from healthy horses. In contrast, the absolute HA concentration and HA/ COMP, MMP-2/COMP and MMP-9/COMP ratios were higher in synovial fluid from the DIP-joint of horses with navicular disease, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 relative activity levels and MMP-2/COMP and MMP-9/ COMP ratios were increased in fluid from navicular bursae in horses with navicular disease when compared to a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viitanen
- Farm Animal and Equine Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL 9 7 TA, UK.
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Naglich JG, Jure-Kunkel M, Gupta E, Fargnoli J, Henderson AJ, Lewin AC, Talbott R, Baxter A, Bird J, Savopoulos R, Wills R, Kramer RA, Trail PA. Inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis in two murine models by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, BMS-275291. Cancer Res 2001; 61:8480-5. [PMID: 11731431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BMS-275291 is an p.o. bioavailable, sulfhydryl-based matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor currently in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. This inhibitor was designed to potently inhibit MMP activities while minimally affecting those of other metalloproteases (e.g., sheddases) involved in the release of cell-associated molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor, interleukin-6 receptor, or L-selectin. In vitro, BMS-275291 is a potent inhibitor (nM) of the activities of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-14. BMS-275291 inhibits tumor growth in a B16BL6 model of experimental metastasis, and in this model, BMS-275291 treatment results in a dose-dependent reduction in the number of lung metastases compared with vehicle controls. BMS-275291 also inhibits angiogenesis in a murine angiogenesis model, where once daily treatment with BMS-275291 results in a dose-dependent inhibition of endothelial cell migration into s.c. implanted Matrigel plugs. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the plasma concentrations of parent BMS-275291 in mice exceeds the in vitro IC(50) values for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MMP-14 for at least 4 h after the administration of a therapeutic dose of BMS-275291. Taken together, these data demonstrate that BMS-275291 inhibits MMP activities that contribute to tumor metastasis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Naglich
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA
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Baxter AD, Bhogal R, Bird J, Keily JF, Manallack DT, Montana JG, Owen DA, Pitt WR, Watson RJ, Wills RE. Arylsulphonyl hydroxamic acids: potent and selective matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1465-8. [PMID: 11378378 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors is described in which selectivity between MMP and 'sheddase' activity has been achieved and which demonstrate potent in vivo activity in models of arthritis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Baxter
- Celltech Chiroscience Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge CB1 6GS, Abington, UK
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Abstract
Thirty-five-day-old tomato plants (cultivar Florasette) exhibited yellow leaf curling, stunting, and extremely reduced fruit set in spring 2001, in Guanica, Puerto Rico (PR). Twenty percent disease incidence was observed in this field and, 8 weeks later, 75% of the plants showed symptoms. These symptoms were distinct from those caused by other tomato-infecting begomoviruses reported previously from PR, namely Merremia mosaic virus, Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV), and Potato yellow mosaic virus (1). A colony of the B biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) was used to transmit the suspect virus from symptomatic plants collected in the field and established in the greenhouse in Rio Piedras, PR. The suspect virus was transmitted readily to tomato cultivar Roma (10 of 10 plants), and symptoms were like those observed in the field. Symptoms also were reminiscent of those described for several Old World begomoviruses, referred to as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Total nucleic acids were isolated from three symptomatic field samples and three greenhouse-inoculated tomato plants showing typical disease symptoms. Extracts were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers AV2466 and AC1145 to amplify a begomoviral fragment (approximately 1.1 bp) that contains a portion of the intergenic region and the viral coat protein gene (CP) (2). Amplicons were cloned, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. A comparison of CP with other well-studied begomoviral nucleotide sequences revealed that the CP sequences for field isolates 1 to 6 shared 99.7 to 100% identity with each other and 99.9 to 100% identity with TYLCV from Israel (TYLCV-IL; accession no. X76319) as well as TYLCV-IL isolates discovered in the Dominican Republic (DO; accession no. AF024715) and, subsequently, in Florida. TYLCV-specific PCR primers (forward) 5'-GAATTCCGCCTTTAA-TTTG-3' and (reverse) 5'-GAATTCCCACTATCTTTCTC-3' were used to amplify the complete viral genome form a PR field isolate. An expected-sized amplicon of approximately 2.8 kb was obtained, and the nucleotide sequence of two cloned amplicons was determined. Genome organization revealed a predicted precoat open reading frame of 351 bp, which is characteristic of other Old World begomoviruses, including TYLCV-IL. Nucleotide comparisons indicated that the PR isolate shared 99% nucleotide sequence identity with TYLCV-IL (first reported from Israel) and introduced TYLCV-IL isolates in DO and Florida, thereby confirming the introduction of TYLCV-IL into PR. TYLCV-IL was first identified several years ago in the Western Hemisphere, and the virus has been reported in five offshore locations and three continental U.S. states since its initial introduction into the DO in the early 1990s. Considering the extreme virulence of TYLCV-IL compared with most New World tomato-infecting begomoviruses, this introduction, which likely occurred from a nearby Caribbean country or Florida, has the potential to destroy the fresh-market tomato industry in PR, which supplies tomatoes to the continental United States during the winter months. There is compelling evidence for the routine movement of tomato seedlings from the continental United States to this location in PR throughout the last 10 years, including the previous introduction of ToMoV (1). These incidences and others indicate the need for those in infected areas to take precautions to avoid further spread of this highly damaging virus in and adjacent to the Caribbean region. References: (1) A. M. Idris et al. Phytopathology 88:S42, 1998. (2) A. M. Idris and J. K. Brown, Phytopathology 88:648, 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bird
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras 00928
| | - A M Idris
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
| | - D Rogan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
| | - J K Brown
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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