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Profile of and risk factors for early unplanned readmissions in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2023; 23:465-472. [PMID: 37330391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) complicates up to 15% of acute pancreatitis cases. ANP has historically been associated with a significant risk for readmission, but there are currently no studies exploring factors that associate with risk for unplanned, early (<30-day) readmissions in this patient population. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all consecutive patients presenting to hospitals in the Indiana University (IU) Health system with pancreatic necrosis between December 2016 and June 2020. Patients younger than 18 years of age, without confirmed pancreatic necrosis and those that suffered in-hospital mortality were excluded. Logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of early readmission in this group of patients. RESULTS One hundred and sixty-two patients met study criteria. 27.7% of the cohort was readmitted within 30-days of index discharge. The median time to readmission was 10 days (IQR 5-17 days). The most frequent reason for readmission was abdominal pain (75.6%), followed by nausea and vomiting in (35.6%). Discharge to home was associated with 93% lower odds of readmission. We found no additional clinical factors that predicted early readmission. CONCLUSION Patients with ANP have a significant risk for early (<30 days) readmission. Direct discharge to home, rather than short or long-term rehabilitation facilities, is associated with lower odds of early readmission. Analysis was otherwise negative for independent, clinical predictors of early unplanned readmissions in ANP.
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7P Integration of whole genome sequencing (WGS) into NHS pathways for high-grade ovarian cancer (HGOC): A single-centre prospective experience. ESMO Open 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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3
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Search for Majoron-emitting modes of
Xe136
double beta decay with the complete EXO-200 dataset. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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An epidemiological investigation of COVID-19 outbreaks in a group of care homes in Wales, UK: a retrospective cohort study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:606-613. [PMID: 33993283 PMCID: PMC8194567 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes the epidemiology of COVID-19 outbreaks in four care homes in terms of spread, severity, presentation and interventions. Methods Participants were 100 residents and 102 staff from four co-located care homes in Wales. Data were collected from the homes and Public Health Wales, including demographics, presentations, test status and results, hospital admissions and deaths. Genomic sequencing of confirmed case samples was completed, where possible. Epi-curves, crude attack rates, a Kaplan-Meier survival curve and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated using R. Results About 14 confirmed and 43 possible resident cases, 23 confirmed and 47 possible staff cases occurred. Crude attack rates of possible and confirmed cases were 57% (residents) and 69% (staff). Genomic sequencing for 10 confirmed case PCR samples identified at least 5 different UK lineages of COVID-19.42 (42%) residents died, 23 (55%) with COVID-19 or suspected COVID-19 recorded on the death certificate. The hazard ratio for death amongst resident possible and confirmed cases compared to null cases, adjusting for age and sex, was 13.26 (95% CI 5.61–31.34). Conclusions There were extensive outbreaks of COVID-19 in these homes with high crude attack rates and deaths. Universal testing and early isolation of residents are recommended.
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Liver Mobilization for Right Diaphragm Surgery in Diaphragmatic Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a cross-systems service delivery model to improve identification and care for HIV, STIs and substance use among justice-involved young adults. HEALTH & JUSTICE 2020; 8:20. [PMID: 32797292 PMCID: PMC7427909 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-020-00121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Justice-involved young adults (JIYA) aged 18-24 are at significant risk for HIV and problematic substance use (SU) but are unlikely to know their HIV status or be linked to HIV or SU treatment and care. Intensive efforts to increase screening and improve linkage to HIV and SU services for JIYA are needed that address youth as well as justice and health/behavioral health system-level barriers. METHODS MoveUp is a four-session intervention that integrates evidence-based protocols to promote HIV and STI testing, HIV and SU behavioral risk reduction and engagement in treatment for JIYA. MoveUp is delivered onsite at an alternative sentencing program (ASP) by HIV testing outreach workers from a youth-focused medical and HIV treatment program. N = 450 youth are randomized following baseline assessment into two groups: MoveUp or standard of care. Youth are followed for 12 months following the intervention; unprotected sexual behavior, substance use, HIV and STI testing as well as treatment linkage will be assessed at 3, 6, 9 and 12-months. DISCUSSION This study is one of the first to systematically test an integrated screen/testing, prevention intervention and linkage-to-care services program (MoveUp), using evidence-based approaches to address the overlapping HIV/STI and substance use epidemics in JIYA by providing on-site services to identify HIV/STI and SU risk and treatment need within justice-settings as well as linkage to services in the community. This approach, capitalizing on health and justice partnerships, represents an innovation that can capitalize on missed opportunities for engaging JIYA in health care.
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Measurement of the Spectral Shape of the β-Decay of ^{137}Xe to the Ground State of ^{137}Cs in EXO-200 and Comparison with Theory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:232502. [PMID: 32603173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.232502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on a comparison between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured spectra of the first-forbidden nonunique β-decay transition ^{137}Xe(7/2^{-})→^{137}Cs(7/2^{+}). The experimental data were acquired by the EXO-200 experiment during a deployment of an AmBe neutron source. The ultralow background environment of EXO-200, together with dedicated source deployment and analysis procedures, allowed for collection of a pure sample of the decays, with an estimated signal to background ratio of more than 99 to 1 in the energy range from 1075 to 4175 keV. In addition to providing a rare and accurate measurement of the first-forbidden nonunique β-decay shape, this work constitutes a novel test of the calculated electron spectral shapes in the context of the reactor antineutrino anomaly and spectral bump.
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Public health and economic responses to COVID-19: finding the tipping point. Public Health 2020; 191:21-22. [PMID: 33476938 PMCID: PMC7245272 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Falling between two systems of care: Engaging families, behavioral health and the justice systems to increase uptake of substance use treatment in youth on probation. J Subst Abuse Treat 2020; 112:49-59. [PMID: 32199546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Justice-involved youth (JIY) in the US have high rates of substance use (SU) problems, yet 50%-80% of these youth do not receive necessary services. There has been no systematic exploration of the use of treatment services for JIY that examines viewpoints across stakeholders in justice- and treatment-systems as well as the families. We conducted qualitative interviews and focus groups with n = 58, youth, their caregivers, SU treatment providers and probation officers in a Northeastern state. Interviews explored how families, staff- and system-level factors influence uptake of and retention in SU treatment services in youth on probation. We conducted a thematic analysis of all interview texts. Caregiver engagement is essential for youth treatment uptake and retention. Difficulties achieving caregiver engagement and agreement that treatment was necessary stemmed from distrust in the "system"; denial or minimization of youth's SU problem; relational barriers; and overburden and chaos within the family system. Structural barriers to service uptake were lack of available treatment options, SU agency practices and policies, and interagency collaboration between SU treatment agencies and probation. Enhancing family engagement at the point of referral to SU treatment is essential. Improvements in interagency collaboration and communication between SU treatment and probation agencies are necessary. Implications for policy and intervention are discussed.
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Search for Neutrinoless Double-β Decay with the Complete EXO-200 Dataset. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:161802. [PMID: 31702371 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A search for neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) in ^{136}Xe is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset using a deep neural network to discriminate between 0νββ and background events. Relative to previous analyses, the signal detection efficiency has been raised from 80.8% to 96.4±3.0%, and the energy resolution of the detector at the Q value of ^{136}Xe 0νββ has been improved from σ/E=1.23% to 1.15±0.02% with the upgraded detector. Accounting for the new data, the median 90% confidence level 0νββ half-life sensitivity for this analysis is 5.0×10^{25} yr with a total ^{136}Xe exposure of 234.1 kg yr. No statistically significant evidence for 0νββ is observed, leading to a lower limit on the 0νββ half-life of 3.5×10^{25} yr at the 90% confidence level.
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Erosion characterization of SiC and Ti3SiC2 on DIII-D using focused ion beam micro-trenches. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The surface eroding thermocouple for fast heat flux measurement in DIII-D. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:10J122. [PMID: 30399945 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of surface eroding thermocouple (SETC) has been tested and demonstrated in the small angle slot (SAS) divertor of DIII-D for fast local heat flux measurements. The thermojunction of the SETC is formed between two thin (10 μm) ribbons, which are filed over to create microfiber junctions. These thermocouples are able to be exposed directly to the plasma at surface temperatures exceeding 2000 °C and are capable of sub-10 ms time resolution. Before installation in SAS, the SETCs were exposed in the lower DIII-D divertor during L-mode and H-mode discharges, from which results are presented. In preliminary tests, SETCs proved to be a qualified diagnostic to accurately measure both the intra-edge localized mode (ELM) and inter-ELM heat flux during H-mode shots with high frequency ELMs (hundreds of Hz) and to resolve heat flux profiles during strike point sweeps. The heat fluxes measured by using SETCs are consistent with the heat fluxes measured by using IR cameras and Langmuir probes. These new diagnostic capabilities will complement the existing IR camera measurements and will be of particularly significant value to measure surface heat flux in the SAS divertor or other regions where the IR camera lacks line of sight.
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13
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Determinants of cancer screening awareness and participation among Indonesian women: A nationwide study. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx729.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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P1779Differential cytokine expression between the coronary and peripheral circulation in patients with ruptured and intact fibrous caps presenting with ST segment myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva: Management, recurrence and malignant transformation. Gynecol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.03.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract P1-05-14: Copy number aberration-induced gene breakage analysis identifies recurrent FOXP1 fusions in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p1-05-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Genomic instability is a critical feature of breast cancers, which manifests in genome-wide copy number aberrations (CNA), often causing “gene breakage” and the generation of fusion genes. We aimed to identify aborted transcripts with underlying CNAs and to investigate the molecular landscape of breast cancers harbouring such events.
Methods: A walking student's t-test algorithm was applied to Affymetrix Exon 1.0ST array data of 123 breast cancers to identify regions of aborted transcription and overlaid with DNA breakpoints derived from matched Affymetrix SNP6 ASCAT-segmented copy number. Aborted transcripts were investigated as potential fusion gene partners through RNA-seq analysis of 151 breast cancer samples (TCGA) and 51 breast cancer cell lines (BCCL) using ChimeraScan. Clinical correlates were established for clinicopathological features, genomic instability measures, and gene expression-based molecular classifiers including PAM50, TNBCtype, IntClust subtypes and immune signatures.
Results: One hundred and six genes with recurrent CNA-induced aborted transcription were identified. Aborted transcription showed hormone receptor subtype-specificity for 7 genes (nTNBC=1, nNon-TNBC=6) and was less prevalent in samples of IntClust 2 and IntClust 4 subtypes (p: 0.0043, 0.0011). Aborted transcripts were more frequently observed in samples with greater copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (p=0.012), while aborted transcription of 54/106 genes significantly affected enrichment of 27 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subpopulations.14 aborted transcripts were found as a fusion gene with one partner in RNA-seq of TCGA and BCCL, while 19 were involved in multiple fusion events (range=1-6, median=2). Nine of 106 genes displayed gene breakage and fusion events exclusively in samples with an enriched tandem duplication phenotype. Notably, FOXP1, localised to a tumour suppressor locus at 3p14.1, reported the highest number of fusion configurations (n=6) with concurrent aborted transcription across all RNA-seq datasets (nPRADA=9, nTCGA=38, nBCCL=6).
Conclusion: CNA-induced gene breakage affects the molecular landscape of breast cancers and is linked with many genomic configurations of interest including copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity and tandem duplications. In particular, the role of recurrent gene fusions of the tumour suppressor, FOXP1, in tumourigenesis warrants further investigation.
Citation Format: Mohd Noor A, Maguire S, Watkins J, Quist J, Mirza H, Tutt A, Gillett C, Natrajan R, Grigoriadis A. Copy number aberration-induced gene breakage analysis identifies recurrent FOXP1 fusions in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-05-14.
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54P Circulating prostate-specific antigen and telomere length in a nationally representative sample of men without history of prostate cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw574.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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The characterisation of potential fusion genes in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)61097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The Caregiver Framework for Seniors Project (CFSP) is led by the Alzheimer Society of Toronto in partnership with the Toronto Central Community Care Access Centre and six community support service agencies. This ground-breaking initiative aims to increase caregiver resiliency and capacity to continue to provide care through a platform of supports. In the CFSP, care coordinators negotiate flexible support packages in consultation with caregivers to meet their self-reported needs and the needs of care recipients. This paper presents the findings from a multi-stage, mixed-methods formative evaluation of the CFSP.
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Abstract
The Caregiver Framework for Children with Medical Complexity, led by the Hospital for Sick Children, is a ground-breaking initiative that validates and supports the vital role of unpaid, family caregivers. The project uses a supported self-management model that includes a modest amount of funding to address pressing needs, and relies on Key Workers who provide ongoing education, counselling and care management to assist caregivers in planning over the longer-term. This paper describes the findings from a multi-stage, mixed-methods evaluation to examine the design and outcomes of the Caregiver Framework.
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Balancing institutional and community-based care: why some older persons can age successfully at home while others require residential long-term care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 12:95-105. [PMID: 19369817 DOI: 10.12927/hcq.2009.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Why can many older persons with relatively high needs age successfully at home, while others with similar needs require residential long-term care (LTC)? How can healthcare investments best be balanced to ensure that older persons have access to the most appropriate, cost-effective care?
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CMV in the gut: a critical review of CMV detection in the immunocompetent host with colitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:13-18. [PMID: 25097085 PMCID: PMC4281362 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As scientific techniques for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) improve, we are able to detect small amounts of CMV in the mucosal wall. As clinicians, we are unsure how to interpret the results of this novel test. There is controversy in the literature as to the significance of the detection of CMV in the gut. Whilst the importance of CMV and reactivation of the virus is clear in those patients such as allograft recipients with established immune compromise, the role is less clear in patients with less damaged immune systems. We explore whether the detection of CMV in such cases influences outcome and how it should be optimally managed. We discuss the optimal management of such cases, according to current guidelines, with a review of the literature.
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Evaluation of a membrane filtration method for the rapid enumeration of confirmed Clostridium perfringens from water. Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 60:367-71. [PMID: 25514882 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A modification of the UK reference and ISO 14189 TSCA medium for the enumeration of Clostridium perfringens from water coupled with a membrane filter transfer technique for testing for production of acid phosphatase was evaluated. The new tryptose cycloserine agar (TCA) medium, which lacks sodium metabisulphite but contains sodium pyruvate to improve recovery, allows the isolation and confirmation of Cl. perfringens within 18-24 h of sample processing. Data from a multilaboratory study analysed according to ISO 17994 showed that TCA was equivalent to TSCA for the enumeration of Cl. perfringens. The identification of acid phosphatase-negative isolates revealed a false-negative rate for the TCA method of 0.8%. The TCA membrane filter transfer procedure provides confirmed Cl. perfringens counts in half the time of the TSCA method and is simple to undertake. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The testing of drinking water for Clostridium perfringens is a regulatory parameter in Europe and the UK. Current UK and ISO methods employ membrane filtration (MF) and TSCA medium followed by subculture and confirmation of isolates by testing for acid phosphatase. This takes 48 h. We present here the results of a multilaboratory evaluation of a MF method that features a simplified isolation medium (TCA) and a membrane transfer procedure for the acid phosphatase test resulting in confirmed results being available in 18-24 h. This development significantly reduces the time to confirmed results for Cl. perfringens from water samples.
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Abstract
This paper, the first in a series of three, sets the stage for two accompanying papers detailing a pair of groundbreaking initiatives to support "at risk" caregivers of high-needs older persons and children in Toronto. Although caregiver burden and stress are often conceptualized primarily as a function of the needs of cared-for persons and the capacity of caregivers, fragmented formal care systems also play a key role. Solutions must take individual-level and system-level factors into account; clarify expectations about what we expect unpaid caregivers to do; redefine the unit of care to include caregivers; and think beyond short-term fixes to mechanisms, such as interdisciplinary teams and integrated care plans, that promote forward planning, accountability, best practices and crisis avoidance.
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Abstract P3-04-05: Amplification driven expression of KIAA0020, a PARP1 interacting gene, facilitates repair of replication associated DNA damage in triple-negative breast cancers. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p3-04-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Approximately 25% of triple-negative breast cancers display increased copy number in the region of 9p24. Since several genes mapping to this genomic locus have been shown to be involved in the biology of triple-negative breast cancers, a copy number-dependent transcriptional influence of genes at 9p24 on the malignant phenotypes has been suggested. Given the limited options of targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer patients, further studies of genes located at this locus could therefore provide potential novel targets or companion biomarkers for this disease.
By integrating microarray-based DNA copy number and gene expression of genes located on 9p24 in 111 triple-negative breast cancers, we identified among a wider set of genes three hypothetical genes, KIAA0020, KIAA1432 and KIAA2026 whose expression was highly correlated with their copy number status. External validation through analysis of several comprehensive breast cancer cohorts, confirmed KIAA0020 as being highly abundant in basal-like/ triple-negative breast cancers. Involvement of KIAA0020 in PARP1 activity and the DNA damage response has previously been suggested. To elucidate KIAA0020's functional involvement in cell growth, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and DNA damage response in this subtype of breast cancer, breast cancer cell lines with and without increased 9p24 copy number levels were used as in vitro models. In cell lines with increased DNA copy number at 9p24, depletion of KIAA0020 expression selectively impaired growth causing an accumulation in S-phase and a decrease in cell proliferation. Furthermore, KIAA0020-silencing in such cell lines resulted in decreased repair of hydroxyurea induced replication associated DNA damage, accumulation of DNA double strand breaks and decreased occurrence of RAD51 and PAR foci, all pointing to a decreased repair of inactivated replication forks.
Taken together, our data supports the notion that genes of unknown function, residing in the 9p24 copy number aberrant region are involved in DNA repair and may thereby also contribute to the tumourigenesis of triple-negative breast cancers. A subset of such triple-negative tumours seemed to have developed a dependency on the expression of KIAA0020, a PARP1 interacting gene, for replication fork associated repair. Thus, greater understanding of KIAA0020's molecular function may provide additional information for patient selection with regards to DNA damaging chemotherapeutics or PARP inhibitors within triple-negative breast cancers.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P3-04-05.
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PP091—Complex regulation of alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in human internal thoracic arteries. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Upregulation of IL15RA in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Promotes Tumour Cell Growth and Motility and Can Activate an Immune Cell Response. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt085.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Comparative study of the osteoblastic activity of two implant systems (Endopore versus Entegra) utilizing single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): experimental study in pigs model. W INDIAN MED J 2013; 62:145-148. [PMID: 24564065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Implantology has been an important component of dental management for over forty years, and during that period, many configurations of implant materials and methods have been developed. As empirical and clinical research yield new implant materials, there has been need to test and compare these materials to provide the most cost-effective and efficient implants. Evaluation of efficiency of implants has relied heavily on histological and radiological methods, but these one-dimensional measurement methods fail to evaluate the osteoblastic activity and osseointegration properties of putative implants. In this report, we describe the use of a quantitative single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) as a tool for comparing the osseointegrating capabilities of two types of implants.
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Evaluation of two doses of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension for treatment of metritis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4363-71. [PMID: 22818449 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate efficacy of a 2-dose regimen of ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension (CCFA-SS) for treatment of acute metritis in lactating dairy cows under field conditions and to provide additional safety and injection site tolerance data for injections at the base of the ear. Cows at 15 dairies with rectal temperature ≥ 39.5°C and fetid uterine discharge ≤ 10 d postcalving were randomly assigned by blocks of 2, based on order of entry and without regard to parity, to treatment with saline (1.5 mL/45.5 kg of body weight, n=509) or CCFA-SS (6.6 mg of ceftiofur equivalents/kg of body weight, n=514). Treatments were administered by subcutaneous injection in the posterior aspect of the ear where it attaches to the head; the first dose was administered on study d 0 and the second dose was administered in the contra lateral ear on study d 3. Rectal temperatures were recorded on study d 1 to 4 and 5 or 6 and cows were clinically evaluated daily from study d 1 to 13. Cows that exhibited increased adverse clinical signs of poor health or complications associated with metritis were categorized as a treatment failure and administered escape therapy. Each cow received a veterinary physical examination on study d 5 or 6 to determine if she should be removed from the study and on study d 14 to determine clinical cure or failure to cure. Clinical cure was defined as rectal temperature <39.5°C and non-fetid and purulent or mucopurulent discharge on study d 14 and no escape therapy administered. The injection procedure was scored after each injection (study d 0 and 3) and injection sites and ear carriage were scored on study d 5 or 6, 14, and 57±3. Of the 1,023 cows enrolled, 7 were completely censored due to protocol deviations and 34 were removed for protocol deviations or medical conditions not related to metritis. Clinical cure rate was higher for CCFA-SS than for saline (74.3 vs. 55.3%) and rectal temperatures for each of study d 1 to 5 or 6 were lower for CCFA-SS than saline. Injection procedure indices showed that CCFA-SS could be practically and safely administered using commercial dairy facilities. Although injection site scores were higher for CCFA-SS than saline at study d 5 or 6 and 14, ≥98.6% of ears were normal on d 57±3. Thus, a 2-dose treatment with CCFA-SS given 72h apart increased metritis clinical cure rate and was well tolerated in dairy cows.
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Accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of pancreas divisum. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:170-4. [PMID: 21761168 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pancreas divisum may develop pancreatitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for diagnosing pancreas divisum. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a non-invasive test reported to be highly accurate in diagnosing pancreas divisum. AIM To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRCP in detecting pancreas divisum at our institution. METHODS We reviewed patients who underwent both ERCP and MRCP. Patients who had diagnostic endoscopic pancreatograms (ERP) after MRCP comprise the study population. Secretin was given in 113/146 patients (S-MRCP). The remaining 33/146 patients had MRCP without secretin. In 7/33 patients who underwent MRCP without secretin (21.2%), the studies were non-diagnostic and, therefore, this group was not further analyzed and the study focused on the S-MRCP group only. RESULTS ERP identified pancreas divisum in 19/113 (16.8%) patients. S-MRCP identified 14/19 pancreas divisum and was false-positive in three cases (sensitivity 73.3%, specificity 96.8%, positive predictive value 82.4%, negative predictive value 94.8%). Of the eight patients with inaccurate S-MRCP, 5 (63%) had changes of chronic pancreatitis by ERP. This differs from the frequency of chronic pancreatitis by ERP in 24/105 (23%) patients with accurate MRCP findings. The ERCP findings of chronic pancreatitis were more frequent among incorrect S-MRCP interpretations than among correct interpretations (odds ratio [OR] 5.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-25.3]). MRCP without secretin is non-diagnostic for pancreas divisum in a significant proportion of patients. S-MRCP had a satisfactory specificity for detecting pancreas divisum. However, the sensitivity of S-MRCP for the diagnosis of pancreas divisum was modest at 73.3%. This is low compared to previous smaller studies, which reported a sensitivity of MRCP of up to 100%.
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36 Initial experience with a randomised controlled trial of open, robotic, and laparoscopic (CORAL) radical cystectomy: an interim report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(11)61364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A whole water catchment approach to investigating the origin and distribution of Cryptosporidium species. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:717-30. [PMID: 21649804 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Investigating the distribution and origin of Cryptosporidium species in a water catchment affected by destocking and restocking of livestock as a result of a foot and mouth disease epidemic. METHODS AND RESULTS Surface water, livestock and wildlife samples were screened for Cryptosporidium and oocysts characterised by sequencing SSU rRNA and COWP loci, and fragment analysis of ML1, ML2 and GP60 microsatellite loci. Oocyst concentrations in water samples (0-20.29 per 10 l) were related to rainfall events, amount of rainfall and topography. There was no detectable impact from catchment restocking. Cryptosporidium spp. found in water were indicative of livestock (Cryptosporidium andersoni and Cryptosporidium parvum) and wildlife (novel genotypes) sources. However, C. andersoni was not found in any animals sampled. Calf infections were age related; C. parvum was significantly more common in younger animals (<4 weeks old). Older calves shared Cryptosporidium bovis, Cryptosporidium ryanae and C. parvum. Wildlife shed C. parvum, Cryptosporidium ubiquitum, muskrat genotype II and deer genotype. CONCLUSIONS Several factors affect the occurrence of Cryptosporidium within a catchment. In addition to farmed and wild animal hosts, topography and rainfall patterns are particularly important. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These factors must be considered when undertaking risk-based water safety plans.
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The safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin-A in the management of bladder oversensitivity: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2011; 65:698-704. [PMID: 21564444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin-A (botn-A) in the management of patients with bladder oversensitivity (BO). PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-three consecutive patients with a diagnosis of BO refractory to anticholinergics were enrolled in this randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomly allocated to receive intradetrusor injections of either botn-A (100 U Botox) or saline (placebo) via a flexible cystoscopic approach. The study was designed to have 90% power to detect a change in the maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) of 30%. It was calculated that a total cohort of 58 patients would be required. Urodynamic assessment (UDS), voiding diaries (VD) and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks following intervention. RESULTS An interim analysis was performed and the trial halted after recruitment of 23 patients as a result of poorly perceived patient benefit. Data were analysed for 21 patients (10 botn-A; 11 placebo). In the treatment arm, there was a significant increase in MCC (mean rise 105 ml; p = 0.009). However, storage symptoms remained statistically unchanged following botn-A. Three patients in the treatment arm were required to perform clean intermittent self-catheterisation with no clinical improvement. The limitations of this trial include the small sample size and the unplanned interim analysis. CONCLUSIONS This is the first randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of botn-A exclusively in patients with BO. A significant increase in MCC was observed but this did not translate to clinical benefit with no change observed in the symptoms and quality of life for the majority of patients.
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Comparative study of osteoblastic activity of same implants (Endopore) in the immediate extraction site utilizing single photon emission computerized tomography: peri-implant autogeneous bone grafting with GTR versus no peri-implant bone grafting--experimental study in pig model. W INDIAN MED J 2011; 60:336-339. [PMID: 22224348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to exploit the single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) to compare osteoblastic activity of two implant systems: an Endopore implant (Beaded implants) placed immediately into an extraction socket in conjunction with peri-implant autogenous grafting supplemented with a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) technique, and an Endopore implant placed immediately into the extraction socket without peri-implant grafting and GTR. Endopore implants of the same size (12 mm x 4.1 mm INT-Hex) were placed in fresh extraction sockets in the canine-tooth region of the pigs jaw. The implant on the right side had peri-implant bone grafting utilizing autogenous bone together with cytoplast resorbable GTR membrane, whilst the implant on the left side received no peri-implant bone grafting. Osteoblastic activity was evaluated 81 days (11 weeks and 4 days) post implantation using the SPECT imaging technique. The SPECT imaging revealed more osteoblastic activity on the side with peri-implant bone grafting as compared with the site without peri-implant bone grafting. The result suggests that peri-implant bone grafting with GTR around the immediate implant showed more osteoblastic activity and thus enhanced osseointegration when compared with the implant without bone grafting and GTR. Bone grafting and GTR should be encouraged as a standard procedure with dental implants.
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Demonstration of ignition radiation temperatures in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion hohlraums. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:085004. [PMID: 21405580 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the hohlraum radiation temperature and symmetry required for ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions. Cryogenic gas-filled hohlraums with 2.2 mm-diameter capsules are heated with unprecedented laser energies of 1.2 MJ delivered by 192 ultraviolet laser beams on the National Ignition Facility. Laser backscatter measurements show that these hohlraums absorb 87% to 91% of the incident laser power resulting in peak radiation temperatures of T(RAD)=300 eV and a symmetric implosion to a 100 μm diameter hot core.
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Ultrasound-guided Tandem Placement for Low Dose-rate Brachytherapy in Advanced Cervical Cancer Minimizes Risk for Intraoperative Uterine Perforation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tame Economists Need Not Apply: Career Lessons from the 2008 Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research Conference. Healthc Policy 2009. [DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2009.20932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Tame economists need not apply: career lessons from the 2008 canadian association for health services and policy research conference. Healthc Policy 2009; 5:e109-e114. [PMID: 20676242 PMCID: PMC2732658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A group of student interviewers sat down with distinguished conference attendees at the 2008 Canadian Association for Health Services and Policy Research Conference. These leaders in the field shared a wealth of advice about career planning (don't), seizing opportunities (do) and connecting with colleagues and community (do often). We learned that a passion for lifelong learning, a willingness to get ordinary things done and a little luck go a long way towards career success.
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Low rates of transmission of SRV-2 and STLV-I to juveniles in a population of Macaca fascicularis facilitate establishment of specific retrovirus-free colonies. J Med Primatol 2009; 38:160-70. [PMID: 19320800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2008.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of simian retrovirus-2 (SRV-2) and simian T lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I), was unknown in 337 captive cynomolgus macaques. METHODS AND RESULTS Molecular assays identified 29% of animals as SRV-2 mono-infected, 4% of animals as STLV-I mono-infected and 9% of animals as dual-infected. Of 108 juvenile animals, 83% were SRV-2-negative and no juvenile animal was STLV-I-positive. A subsequent study of juvenile macaques over a period of 2.5 years detected no STLV-I and 10 SRV-2 infections, six of which occurred between testing and day of colony formation. The study also highlighted that an anti-SRV-2 serological response does not presuppose infection. Tissue reservoirs of latent SRV-2 were not identified in suspected SRV-2 infections. CONCLUSIONS Low transmissibility of the viruses present in the parental cohort and improved knowledge of the host response to SRV-2 has facilitated the creation of specific-retrovirus-free colonies of cynomolgus macaques.
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Investigation of the Role of Companion Animals in the Zoonotic Transmission of Cryptosporidiosis. Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 56:24-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Expression of somatostatin and dopamine 2 receptors in neuroendocrine tumours and the potential role for new biotherapies. Neuroendocrinology 2009; 89:308-14. [PMID: 19307732 DOI: 10.1159/000179899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Somatostatin and dopamine receptors are both G-protein-coupled receptors. Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression in neuroendocrine tumours has been well characterised, and there is evidence of dopamine receptor expression in neuroendocrine tumours. In this study, we examined expression of D2R, SSTR-2 and SSTR-5 using immunohistochemistry in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. METHODS Consecutive samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour tissue were available from 56 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumour (NET). The study population was divided into low-grade (n = 29), intermediate-grade (n = 18) and high-grade NET (n = 9). Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed for the expression of SSTR-2a, SSTR-5 and D2 receptors (D2R). RESULTS Both SSTR-2 and SSTR-5 were expressed in 100% of low-grade, 94.4% of intermediate-grade and 66.7% of high-grade NET. D2R was expressed in 93.1% of low-grade, 77.8% of intermediate-grade and 44.4% of high-grade tumours. Co-expression of all 3 receptors was present in 93.1% of low-grade tumours. There was an inverse correlation of SSTR-2 (r = -0.380, p < 0.005) and SSTR-5 (r = -0.472, p < 0.0001) with tumour grade. D2R was positively correlated with SSTR-2 (r = 0.269, p = 0.041) and SSTR-5 (r = 0.267, p = 0.045). Also, D2R expression was inversely correlated with grade of tumour (r = 0.395, p = 0.006). Octreoscan correlated with SSTR-2, SSTR-5 and D2R expression. CONCLUSION D2R is expressed in the majority of low and intermediate grade tumours. It is co-expressed with SSTR-2 and SSTR-5 in the majority of cases. The advent of new chimeric molecules that bind both somatostatin and dopamine receptors may provide a new therapeutic option in the management of neuroendocrine patients.
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Abstract
Integrating community-based health and social care has grabbed international attention as a way of addressing the needs of aging populations while contributing to health systems' sustainability. However, integrating initiatives in different jurisdictions work (or do not work) within very various institutional and structural dynamics. The question is, what transferable lessons can we learn to guide policy makers and policy innovators at the local level? In this paper, we consider "aging at home" as a policy option in Ontario, and beyond. In the first section, we focus on the problem, in effect, what not to do. Here, we briefly review findings from national and international research literature and from our own research in Ontario that identify the costs and consequences of non-systems of care for older persons. In the second part, we turn to solutions, in effect, what to do. Drawing on our recent scoping review of the international literature, we identify three guiding principles, as well as a number of recommendations, for integrating care for older persons, knowing that important details of how to put such initiatives "on the ground" will be provided by other contributors to this journal edition.
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Single photon emission computerized tomography in the evaluation of the osteoblastic activities of a new bone regeneration technique: analysis of 12 mandibular sites in six experimental pigs. W INDIAN MED J 2008; 57:500-507. [PMID: 19565984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To utilize single photon emission computerized tomography performed in sequence to determine the osseo-integrating capabilities and osteoblastic activities of a new bone regeneration technique called the membrane--sandwich technique (Ogunsalu sandwich bone regenerating technique) and to compare the quality and quantity of bone formed by this bone regeneration unit to bone regeneration obtained by using the same particulate bone grafting material covered with interceed (another type of bio-resorbable membrane). DESIGN AND METHOD Single photon emission computerized tomography bone imaging was performed in sequence on the mandible of a total of 6 pigs on both the right and left side (total of 12 sites) at two and a half hours following the injection of technetium 99m methylene diphosphate. Imaging was performed using a Siemen Orbitar II gamma camera. The projection data was acquired in a 128 x 128 matrix over 180 arc and SPECT reconstruction was performed using a filtered back projector method with a Shepp-Logan Hanning filter and a cut-off frequency of 0.4. The surgical defect on one side of the jaw was treated with the sandwich unit with Bio-oss particulate bone within it, while the other side contained the same quantity of Bio-oss as in the left side but just covered with interceed membrane. The osteoblastic uptake on the side with the classical sandwich was compared to the side with the particulate bone covered with interceed membrane for dynamic physiological activities. The average activity for both sides was calculated and compared. RESULT For all the 12 sites, osteoblastic activities were recorded and indicated that vascularized bone was formed at all the experimental sites. Autogenous bone graft was confirmed to be superior to xenograft using this sandwich technique. Furthermore, the osteoblastic activities on the sandwich side were seen to be more when compared with the control side (Interceed side). CONCLUSION The Ogunsalu sandwich bone regeneration technique has been successfully evaluated with SPECT which shows osteoblastic activity with formation of vascularized bone which integrates with the surrounding bone.
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Evaluation of a modified semi-automated immunomagnetic separation technique for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in human faeces. J Microbiol Methods 2008; 75:139-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Farmyards, an overlooked source for highly contaminated runoff. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2008; 87:551-559. [PMID: 18179860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Summer sampling of storm runoff generated from areas of roofs and hardstanding situated on four dairy/beef farms has provided novel information regarding its microbiological and chemical quality. All farm hardstandings generated runoff that was contaminated with respect to those pollutants (faecal coliforms, FC, and faecal streptococci, FS, major nutrients, organic carbon) that are ubiquitously associated with faecal matter and urine. The separate analysis of roof runoff indicated that these can contribute significant concentrations of FS, phosphorus (P) and potentially toxic elements such as zinc (Zn), and suggests a level of 'background' contamination originating from wash-off of bird droppings and in the case of Zn galvanised surfaces. On average hardstanding runoff showed enhanced concentrations of >4 orders of magnitude for FC and 2-3 for major nutrients and carbon relative to roof runoff. Organic forms of nitrogen (N) and P contributed significantly (averaging >40%) to the total dissolved fraction in both roof and hardstanding runoff. Part of the substantial variability in composition of runoff samples could be attributed to differences between farms as well as the timing of sample collection during individual storms. Where situations allowed, a comparison of water upstream and downstream of the farmyard demonstrated they acted as a source of multiple contaminants not only during hydrologically active storm events but also during dry periods. Contamination pathways included a combination of both point (e.g., septic overflows) and non-point (e.g., seepage from livestock housing) sources. Farmyards situated within intensive livestock farming areas such as SW Scotland, would be expected to have significant local and accumulated downstream impacts on the aquatic environment. Localised impacts would be particularly important for headwaters and low order streams.
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Quantitative catchment profiling to apportion faecal indicator organism budgets for the Ribble system, the UK's sentinel drainage basin for Water Framework Directive research. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2008; 87:535-550. [PMID: 18082929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Under the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) 20/60/EC and the US Federal Water Pollution Control Act 2002 management of water quality within river drainage basins has shifted from traditional point-source control to a holistic approach whereby the overall contribution of point and diffuse sources of pollutants has to be considered. Consequently, there is a requirement to undertake source-apportionment studies of pollutant fluxes within catchments. The inclusion of the Bathing Water Directive (BWD), under the list of 'protected areas' in the WFD places a requirement to control sources of faecal indicator organisms within catchments in order to achieve the objectives of both the BWD (and its revision - 2006/7/EC) and the WFD. This study was therefore initiated to quantify catchment-derived fluxes of faecal indicator compliance parameters originating from both point and diffuse sources. The Ribble drainage basin is the single UK sentinel WFD research catchment and discharges to the south of the Fylde coast, which includes a number of high profile, historically non-compliant, bathing waters. Faecal indicator concentrations (faecal coliform concentrations are reported herein) were measured at 41 riverine locations, the 15 largest wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) and 15 combined sewer overflows (CSOs) across the Ribble basin over a 44-day period during the 2002 bathing season. The sampling programme included targeting rainfall-induced high flow events and sample results were categorised as either base flow or high flow. At the riverine sites, geometric mean faecal coliform concentrations showed statistically significant elevation at high flow compared to base flow. The resultant faecal coliform flux estimates revealed that over 90% of the total organism load to the Ribble Estuary was discharged by sewage related sources during high flow events. These sewage sources were largely related to the urban areas to the south and east of the Ribble basin, with over half the load associated with the relatively small subcatchment of the River Douglas. The majority of this load was attributed to two WwTWs that discharge through a common outfall close to the tidal limit of this catchment. Budgets adjusted to accommodate the impact of proposed UV disinfection of these effluents showed that the load from these sources would be reduced significantly during base flow conditions. However, during high flow events loads would still remain high due to the operation of storm sewage overflows from stormwater retention tanks. The study identified untreated storm sewage spills from urban infrastructure and WwTW stormwater retention tanks as the dominant component of the high flow flux of faecal indicators to receiving waters of the Fylde coast and the associated bathing waters.
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