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Shindo Y, Kuribara H, Matsuoka T, Futo S, Sawada C, Shono J, Akiyama H, Goda Y, Toyoda M, Hino A, Asano T, Hiramoto M, Iwaya A, Jeong SI, Kajiyama N, Kato H, Katsumoto H, Kim YM, Kwak HS, Ogawa M, Onozuka Y, Takubo K, Yamakawa H, Yamazaki F, Yoshida A, Yoshimura T. Validation of Real-Time PCR Analyses for Line-Specific Quantitation of Genetically Modified Maize and Soybean UsingNew Reference Molecules. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/85.5.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Novel analytical methods based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions by use of new reference molecules were validated in interlaboratory studies for the quantitation of genetically modified (GM) maize and soy. More than 13 laboratories from Japan, Korea, and the United States participated in the studies. The interlaboratory studies included 2 separate stages: (1) measurement tests of coefficient values, the ratio of recombinant DNA (r-DNA) sequence, and endogenous DNA sequence in the seeds of GM maize and GM soy; and (2) blind tests with 6 pairs of maize and soy samples, including different levels of GM maize or GM soy. Test results showed that the methods are applicable to the specific quantitation of the 5 lines of GM maize and one line of GM soy. After statistical treatment to remove outliers, the repeatability and reproducibility of these methods at a level of 5.0% were <13.7 and 15.9%, respectively. The quantitation limits of the methods were 0.50% for Bt11, T25, and MON810, and 0.10% for GA21, Event176, and Roundup Ready soy. The results of blind tests showed that the numerical information obtained from these methods will contribute to practical analyses for labeling systems of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Shindo
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-1-21 Midori, Moriya, Kitasoma-gun, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan
| | - Hideo Kuribara
- Center for Food Quality, Labeling and Consumer Services, 1-21-2 Kitabukuro, Saitama, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsuoka
- Center for Food Quality, Labeling and Consumer Services, 1-21-2 Kitabukuro, Saitama, Saitama 330-9731, Japan
| | - Satoshi Futo
- FASMAC Co., Ltd., 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sawada
- Japan Frozen Foods Inspection Corp., Nishi-1 Koyo, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 658-0033, Japan
| | - Jinji Shono
- Somatech Center, House Foods Co., 1-4 Takanodai, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Goda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Masatake Toyoda
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hino
- National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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Kato M, Masamura N, Shono J, Okamoto D, Abe T, Imai S. Production and characterization of tearless and non-pungent onion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23779. [PMID: 27048847 PMCID: PMC4822150 DOI: 10.1038/srep23779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The onion lachrymatory factor (LF) is produced from trans-S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide (PRENCSO) through successive reactions catalyzed by alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4) and lachrymatory factor synthase (LFS), and is responsible for the tear inducing-property and the pungency of fresh onions. We developed tearless, non-pungent onions non-transgenically by irradiating seeds with neon-ion at 20 Gy. The bulbs obtained from the irradiated seeds and their offspring bulbs produced by selfing were screened by organoleptic assessment of tear-inducing property or HPLC analysis of LF production. After repeated screening and seed production by selfing, two tearless, non-pungent bulbs were identified in the third generation (M3) bulbs. Twenty M4 bulbs obtained from each of them showed no tear-inducing property or pungency when evaluated by 20 sensory panelists. The LF production levels in these bulbs were approximately 7.5-fold lower than those of the normal onion. The low LF production levels were due to reduction in alliinase activity, which was a result of low alliinase mRNA expression (less than 1% of that in the normal onion) and consequent low amounts of the alliinase protein. These tearless, non-pungent onions should be welcomed by all who tear while chopping onions and those who work in facilities where fresh onions are processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kato
- Basic Technology Development Division, Central Research &Development Institute, House Foods Group Inc., Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Noriya Masamura
- Basic Technology Development Division, Central Research &Development Institute, House Foods Group Inc., Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Jinji Shono
- Basic Technology Development Division, Central Research &Development Institute, House Foods Group Inc., Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
| | - Daisaku Okamoto
- Plant Breeding Institute Co., Ltd., Kuriyama-cho, Hokkaido 069-1511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Abe
- Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Imai
- Basic Technology Development Division, Central Research &Development Institute, House Foods Group Inc., Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0033, Japan
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Takahashi N, Yao L, Kim M, Sasako H, Aoyagi M, Shono J, Tsuge N, Goto T, Kawada T. Dill seed extract improves abnormalities in lipid metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation in diabetic obese mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1295-9. [PMID: 23681751 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Dill, a small annual herb, is widely used as a flavoring agent in dishes including salads. It has been demonstrated that dill extract and its essential oil show hypolipidemic effects in rats. However, the mechanism of these effects has not been elucidated yet. We found that dill seed extract (DSE) activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), an indispensable regulator for hepatic lipid metabolism, by luciferase assay. Thus, we performed DSE feeding experiments using diabetic obese model KK-Ay mice to examine the effects of DSE on PPAR-α activation in vivo. A 4-week feeding of DSE contained in a high-fat diet decreased plasma triacylglyceride and glucose levels and increased the mRNA expression levels of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in the liver. In addition, the DSE feeding as well as bezafibrate (a PPAR-α potent agonist) feeding increased oxygen consumption rate and rectal temperature. These results indicate that DSE suppresses high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia through hepatic PPAR-α activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Uemura T, Hirai S, Mizoguchi N, Goto T, Lee JY, Taketani K, Nakano Y, Shono J, Hoshino S, Tsuge N, Narukami T, Takahashi N, Kawada T. Diosgenin present in fenugreek improves glucose metabolism by promoting adipocyte differentiation and inhibiting inflammation in adipose tissues. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 54:1596-608. [PMID: 20540147 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy and chronic inflammation in adipose tissues cause insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) can ameliorate hyperglycemia and diabetes. However, the effects of fenugreek on adipocyte size and inflammation in adipose tissues have not been demonstrated. In this study, we determined the effects of fenugreek on adipocyte size and inflammation in adipose tissues in diabetic obese KK-Ay mice, and identified the active substance in fenugreek. Treatment of KK-Ay mice with a high fat diet supplemented with 2% fenugreek ameliorated diabetes. Moreover, fenugreek miniaturized the adipocytes and increased the mRNA expression levels of differentiation-related genes in adipose tissues. Fenugreek also inhibited macrophage infiltration into adipose tissues and decreased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory genes. In addition, we identified diosgenin, a major aglycone of saponins in fenugreek to promote adipocyte differentiation and to inhibit expressions of several molecular candidates associated with inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggest that fenugreek ameliorated diabetes by promoting adipocyte differentiation and inhibiting inflammation in adipose tissues, and its effects are mediated by diosgenin. Fenugreek containing diosgenin may be useful for ameliorating the glucose metabolic disorder associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Uemura
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
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Uemura T, Goto T, Kang MS, Mizoguchi N, Hirai S, Lee JY, Nakano Y, Shono J, Hoshino S, Taketani K, Tsuge N, Narukami T, Makishima M, Takahashi N, Kawada T. Diosgenin, the main aglycon of fenugreek, inhibits LXRα activity in HepG2 cells and decreases plasma and hepatic triglycerides in obese diabetic mice. J Nutr 2011; 141:17-23. [PMID: 21106928 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.125591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) can ameliorate dyslipidemia, but the detailed mechanism is unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of fenugreek on hepatic lipid metabolism, particularly lipogenesis, which is enhanced in obesity and diabetes, in diabetic obese KK-Ay mice. KK-Ay mice were fed a control high-fat diet (HFD; 60% of energy as fat) (C group) or an HFD containing 0.5% or 2% fenugreek (0.5F and 2.0F groups, respectively) for 4 wk. Hepatic and plasma TG and mRNA expression levels of lipogenic genes were lower in the 2.0F group at 4 wk (P < 0.05), but not in the 0.5F group, than in the C group. The hydrolyzed saponin fraction, but not the saponin fraction per se, in fenugreek inhibited the accumulation of TG in HepG2 cells. We fractionated the hydrolyzed saponin into 15 fractions by HPLC and examined the effect of these fractions on TG accumulation in HepG2 cells. Fraction 11 inhibited TG accumulation in HepG2 cells and we determined by liquid chromatography tandem MS that the active substance contained in fraction 11 is diosgenin. Diosgenin (5 and 10 μmol/L) inhibited the accumulation of TG and the expression of lipogenic genes in HepG2 cells. Moreover, diosgenin inhibited the transactivation of liver-X-receptor-α, as measured using a luciferase assay system and by gel mobility shift assay. These findings suggest that fenugreek ameliorates dyslipidemia by decreasing the hepatic lipid content in diabetic mice and that its effect is mediated by diosgenin. Fenugreek, which contains diosgenin, may be useful for the management of diabetes-related hepatic dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Uemura
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Shindo Y, Kuribara H, Matsuoka T, Futo S, Sawada C, Shono J, Akiyama H, Goda Y, Toyoda M, Hino A. Validation of real-time PCR analyses for line-specific quantitation of genetically modified maize and soybean using new reference molecules. J AOAC Int 2002; 85:1119-26. [PMID: 12374412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel analytical methods based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions by use of new reference molecules were validated in interlaboratory studies for the quantitation of genetically modified (GM) maize and soy. More than 13 laboratories from Japan, Korea, and the United States participated in the studies. The interlaboratory studies included 2 separate stages: (1) measurement tests of coefficient values, the ratio of recombinant DNA (r-DNA) sequence, and endogenous DNA sequence in the seeds of GM maize and GM soy; and (2) blind tests with 6 pairs of maize and soy samples, including different levels of GM maize or GM soy. Test results showed that the methods are applicable to the specific quantitation of the 5 lines of GM maize and one line of GM soy. After statistical treatment to remove outliers, the repeatability and reproducibility of these methods at a level of 5.0% were <13.7 and 15.9%, respectively. The quantitation limits of the methods were 0.50% for Bt11, T25, and MON810, and 0.10% for GA21, Event176, and Roundup Ready soy. The results of blind tests showed that the numerical information obtained from these methods will contribute to practical analyses for labeling systems of GM crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Shindo
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., Kitasoma-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
The authors describe a rare case of handlebar hernia in a 9-year-old-boy. All layers of his abdominal wall were disrupted by a fall on a bicycle; however, his skin and intra-abdominal organs were completely intact. Computed tomography demonstrated subcutaneous intestinal loops protruding through the rent. Surgical repair was performed, and his postoperative course was uneventful.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kubota
- Department of Surgery II, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Onohigashi, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan
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Futagawa T, Shono J, Nakao Y, Arima K, Hashimoto S, Yunoki K. [Effect of somatostatin on gastric secretion in rat (author's transl)]. Igaku Kenkyu 1979; 49:214-20. [PMID: 44798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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