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Dubois MAJ, Carreras V, Adams MR, Kairouz V, Vincent-Rocan JF, Riley JG, Charette AB. Process Intensification and Increased Safety for the On-Demand Continuous Flow Synthesis of Dithiothreitol, a Crucial Component in Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing Kits. Org Process Res Dev 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A. J. Dubois
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis, FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, Ave. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Virginie Carreras
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis, FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, Ave. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Matt R. Adams
- Biovectra Inc., 11 Aviation Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1E 0A1, Canada
| | - Vanessa Kairouz
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis, FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, Ave. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | | | - John G. Riley
- Biovectra Inc., 11 Aviation Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1E 0A1, Canada
| | - André B. Charette
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis, FRQNT Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375, Ave. Thérèse Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
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Cordell MJ, Adams MR, Vincent‐Rocan J, Riley JG. Total Synthesis of Entrectinib with Key Photo‐Redox Mediated Cross‐Coupling in Flow. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J. Cordell
- Process Science and Development BioVectra Inc. 11 Aviation Avenue Charlottetown PE C1E 0A1 Canada
| | - Matt R. Adams
- Process Science and Development BioVectra Inc. 11 Aviation Avenue Charlottetown PE C1E 0A1 Canada
| | | | - John G. Riley
- Process Science and Development BioVectra Inc. 11 Aviation Avenue Charlottetown PE C1E 0A1 Canada
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Cordell MJ, Adams MR, Vincent‐Rocan J, Riley JG. Total Synthesis of Entrectinib with Key Photo‐Redox Mediated Cross‐Coupling in Flow. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J. Cordell
- Process Science and Development BioVectra Inc. 11 Aviation Avenue Charlottetown PE C1E 0A1 Canada
| | - Matt R. Adams
- Process Science and Development BioVectra Inc. 11 Aviation Avenue Charlottetown PE C1E 0A1 Canada
| | | | - John G. Riley
- Process Science and Development BioVectra Inc. 11 Aviation Avenue Charlottetown PE C1E 0A1 Canada
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Riley JG, Xu C, Brockhausen I. Synthesis of acceptor substrate analogs for the study of glycosyltransferases involved in the second step of the biosynthesis of O-antigen repeating units. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:586-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brockhausen I, Riley JG, Joynt M, Yang X, Szarek WA. Acceptor substrate specificity of UDP-Gal: GlcNAc-R β1,3-galactosyltransferase (WbbD) from Escherichia coli O7:K1. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:663-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Brockhausen I, Benn M, Bhat S, Marone S, Riley JG, Montoya-Peleaz P, Vlahakis JZ, Paulsen H, Schutzbach JS, Szarek WA. UDP-Gal: GlcNAc-R beta1,4-galactosyltransferase--a target enzyme for drug design. Acceptor specificity and inhibition of the enzyme. Glycoconj J 2007; 23:525-41. [PMID: 17006644 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-006-7153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2005] [Revised: 01/06/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Galactosyltransferases are important enzymes for the extension of the glycan chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids, and play critical roles in cell surface functions and in the immune system. In this work, the acceptor specificity and several inhibitors of bovine beta1,4-Gal-transferase T1 (beta4GalT, EC 2.4.1.90) were studied. Series of analogs of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and GlcNAc-carrying glycopeptides were synthesized as acceptor substrates. Modifications were made at the 3-, 4- and 6-positions of the sugar ring of the acceptor, in the nature of the glycosidic linkage, in the aglycone moiety and in the 2-acetamido group. The acceptor specificity studies showed that the 4-hydroxyl group of the sugar ring was essential for beta4GalT activity, but that the 3-hydroxyl could be replaced by an electronegative group. Compounds having the anomeric beta-configuration were more active than those having the alpha-configuration, and O-, S- and C-glycosyl compounds were all active as substrates. The aglycone was a major determinant for the rate of Gal-transfer. Derivatives containing a 2-naphthyl aglycone were inactive as substrates although quinolinyl groups supported activity. Several compounds having a bicyclic structure as the aglycone were found to bind to the enzyme and inhibited the transfer of Gal to control substrates. The best small hydrophobic GlcNAc-analog inhibitor was found to be 1-thio-N-butyrylGlcNbeta-(2-naphthyl) with a K(i) of 0.01 mM. These studies help to delineate beta4GalT-substrate interactions and will aid in the development of biologically applicable inhibitors of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Medicine, Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7, Canada.
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Roman G, Riley JG, Vlahakis JZ, Kinobe RT, Brien JF, Nakatsu K, Szarek WA. Heme oxygenase inhibition by 2-oxy-substituted 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-phenylbutanes: effect of halogen substitution in the phenyl ring. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3225-34. [PMID: 17339115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-oxy-substituted 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-4-phenylbutanes comprising imidazole-ketones, imidazole-dioxolanes, and imidazole-alcohols substituted with halogens in the phenyl ring were synthesized and evaluated as novel inhibitors of heme oxygenase which are structurally distinct from metalloporphyrins. The entire library of compounds was found to be highly active, with the bromine- and iodine-substituted derivatives being the most potent. The imidazole-dioxolanes were all selective for the HO-1 isozyme (inducible) and exhibited substantially lower activity toward the HO-2 isozyme (constitutive). The corresponding imidazole-ketones and imidazole-alcohols showed selectivity toward HO-1 to a lesser degree than the similarly substituted imidazole-dioxolanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghe Roman
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada
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Brockhausen I, Szarek WA, Riley JG, Vlahakis JZ. Assay for a galactosyltransferase involved in the assembly of the O7-antigen repeat unit of Escherichia coli. Methods Mol Biol 2006; 347:253-64. [PMID: 17072015 DOI: 10.1385/1-59745-167-3:253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharides terminating in repeating oligosaccharides which comprise the O-antigen. The glycosyltransferases (GTs) assembling the O-chain utilize lipid-linked acceptor substrates and nucleotide sugar donor substrates. The natural undecaprenol-linked acceptor substrates are not readily available, precluding the characterization of O-chain GTs. This chapter describes an assay for a galactosyltransferase (GalT) involved in the synthesis of the O7 antigen of Escherichia coli VW187. The glycolipid GlcNAcalpha-pyrophosphate bound to a phenoxyundecyl moiety, which resembles the natural substrate, was synthesized and employed in GT assays using bacterial membranes as the enzyme source. The assay is simple and allows optimization and characterization of the enzyme reaction. Similar protocols can be used to assay other GTs in the O-chain biosynthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Montoya-Peleaz PJ, Riley JG, Szarek WA, Valvano MA, Schutzbach JS, Brockhausen I. Identification of a UDP-Gal: GlcNAc-R galactosyltransferase activity in Escherichia coli VW187. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1205-11. [PMID: 15686943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel acceptor substrate for galactosyltransferase was synthesized containing GlcNAcalpha-pyrophosphate, covalently bound to a hydrophobic phenoxyundecyl moiety (GlcNAc alpha-O-PO(3)-PO(3)-(CH(2))(11)-O-Phenyl). The new substrate was used to develop an assay for a galactosyltransferase activity from Escherichia coli strain VW187 that is involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and has not been studied by others. We showed that Gal was transferred from UDP-Gal to the novel acceptor substrate. This was a significant improvement over our previous preliminary assays of the enzyme using endogenous substrate, and showed that these synthetic substrates are useful for assaying enzymes that utilize lipid-bound substrates in O-chain synthesis in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Riley JG, Menggad M, Montoya-Peleaz PJ, Szarek WA, Marolda CL, Valvano MA, Schutzbach JS, Brockhausen I. The wbbD gene of E. coli strain VW187 (O7:K1) encodes a UDP-Gal: GlcNAc{alpha}-pyrophosphate-R {beta}1,3-galactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of O7-specific lipopolysaccharide. Glycobiology 2004; 15:605-13. [PMID: 15625181 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that the wbbD gene of the O7 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis cluster in Escherichia coli strain VW187 (O7:K1) encodes a galactosyltransferase involved in the synthesis of the O7-polysaccharide repeating unit. The galactosyltransferase catalyzed the transfer of Gal from UDP-Gal to the GlcNAc residue of a GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-lipid acceptor. A mutant strain with a defective wbbD gene was unable to form O7 LPS and lacked this specific galactosyltransferase activity. The normal phenotype was restored by complementing the mutant with the cloned wbbD gene. To characterize the WbbD galactosyltransferase, we used a novel acceptor substrate containing GlcNAcalpha-pyrophosphate covalently bound to a hydrophobic phenoxyundecyl moiety (GlcNAc alpha-O-PO(3)-PO(3)-(CH(2))(11)-O-phenyl). The WbbD galactosyltransferase had optimal activity at pH 7 in the presence of 2.5 mM MnCl(2). Detergents in the assay did not increase glycosyl transfer. Digestion of enzyme product by highly purified bovine testicular beta-galactosidase demonstrated a beta-linkage. Cleavage of product by pyrophosphatase and phosphatase, followed by HPLC and NMR analyses, revealed a disaccharide with the structure Gal beta1-3GlcNAc. Our results conclusively demonstrate that WbbD is a UDP-Gal: GlcNAcalpha-pyrophosphate-R beta1,3-galactosyltransferase and suggest that the novel synthetic glycolipid acceptor may be generally applicable to characterize other bacterial glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Riley
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, The Arthritis Centre and Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada
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Abstract
Ten Angus and 10 Brahman x Angus F1 steers were used in a 184-d trial to compare feedlot performance during cold weather (-9 to 26 degrees C). Both groups of steers were exposed to the same environment for the same amount of time. All steers were fed for the same number of days regardless of frame score to avoid frame score x environment interactions. Brahman x Angus steers were 30.7 kg heavier (P less than .05) than Angus steers at the start of the trial. Differences in age (Brahman x Angus 40 d younger) for the two breed groups did not affect final live weight or carcass weight. Brahman x Angus steers consumed .2% less feed (P less than .05) as a percentage of BW than Angus steers; however, there was no difference in overall feed efficiency. Angus steers had a higher yield grade, more fat at the 12th rib (P less than .05), and graded 90% Choice; only 10% of the Brahman x Angus were graded Choice. Brahman x Angus steers were taller at the hip (P less than .05) and longer from first rib to aitch bone (P less than .05) and from thoracic vertebrae (T12/T13) to point of hock (P less than .05). Hide thickness determined at the neck, belly, and rump was found to be similar (7.7 mm) between the two groups. Sample hair weight and diameter did not differ between groups. Fiber, fat, protein, and DM digestibility coefficients were similar between groups but Brahman x Angus feces had a higher DM content.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Boyles
- Dept. of Anim. Sci., North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105
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Spires HR, Olmsted A, Berger LL, Fontenot JP, Gill DR, Riley JG, Wray MI, Zinn RA. Efficacy of laidlomycin propionate for increasing rate and efficiency of gain by feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 1990; 68:3382-91. [PMID: 2254209 DOI: 10.2527/1990.68103382x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
One thousand twenty steers and heifers were used in six feeding trials to examine the influence of laidlomycin propionate on feedlot performance and to determine the most efficacious dietary concentrations of that ionophore. Cattle were fed diets ranging in energy content from 1.08 to 1.49 Mcal NEg/kg of DM. Laidlomycin propionate improved rate of gain and feed conversion in both steers and heifers. Improvements in performance were not evident when laidlomycin propionate was fed at only 3 mg/kg. However, both average daily gain and feed conversion were improved by laidlomycin propionate within the range of 6 to 12 mg/kg of DM (P less than .001). Feed consumption was not substantially affected by inclusion of laidlomycin propionate in the diet. Improvements in ADG and feed conversion were greater on lower-energy diets than on higher-energy diets, but both these performance characteristics were improved regardless of the type of diet fed. Average daily gain was maximized with laidlomycin propionate at 6 mg/kg, whereas improvements in feed conversion were sustained through 12 mg/kg. Carcasses of cattle fed diets containing 6 to 12 mg/kg of laidlomycin propionate weighed 7.3 kg more (P less than .001) than carcasses of cattle fed the control diets. Yield grade and quality grade were not affected by laidlomycin propionate (P greater than .05).
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Abstract
Two 56-d shipping fever trials of similar design were conducted the same season (fall) at Kansas State University (KSU) and at Purdue University (PU) to compare various levels of chlortetracycline (0 or 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously or 1, 2 or 4 g X head-1 X d-1 for the first 14 d). Weanling crossbred steer calves were utilized (210 head of Angus X Simmental, averaging 197 kg, at KSU; 268 head of Angus X Hereford, averaging 192 kg, at PU). For the first 28 d in the KSU trial (October 13 to December 8), cattle that received 4 g X head-1 X d-1 the first 14 d gained more rapidly (P less than .05) than cattle fed 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously or than the controls that received no chlortetracycline (CTC; 1.05 vs .92 or .93 kg/d, respectively). Cattle that received 4 g CTC X head-1 X d-1 for the first 14 d required less (P less than .05) dry matter per kg gain than steers that received 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously over the 56-d period. In the PU trial (October 6 through December 1), all CTC treatments resulted in increased feed efficiency (P less than .05) over the controls through 28 d, and the 4 g X head-1 d-1 for 14 d and 350 mg X head-1 X d-1 continuously, improved feed efficiency over the other groups for the 56-d period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Abstract
An experiment using 40 Angus or Brahman X Angus preconditioned feeder calves was conducted to evaluate the influence of shipping on cellular immune reactivity. Steers were allotted on the basis of weight and breed to a control or shipped group. Shipped steers were trucked 700 km to a feedlot; control steers remained at the ranch of origin. Total and differential leukocyte counts, phytohemagglutinin skin-test responses, lymphocyte blastogenic responses, monocyte phagocytic function, packed cell volumes and concentrations of plasma cortisol were determined before, immediately after and 1 wk after shipment. At unloading, total leukocytes were increased (P less than .05) in shipped Angus steers. Shipped steers also had higher (P less than .01) numbers of neutrophils. Skin-test responses to phytohemagglutinin were higher (P less than .05) in Angus than in Brahman X Angus steers, but shipping did not influence the reaction. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses were lower (P less than .05) in shipped steers; however, cortisol levels in plasma were not elevated (P greater than .10) in shipped calves. Monocyte phagocytosis and packed cell volume were not influenced by shipping. These data suggest that shipped steers have suppressed lymphocyte blastogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Riley
- Bureau of Chemistry Food and Drug Inspection Laboratory, Boston, Mass
| | - A L Sullivan
- Bureau of Chemistry Food and Drug Inspection Laboratory, Boston, Mass
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