1
|
Shabbir AH, Ji J, Groninger JW, Gueye GN, Knouft JH, van Etten EJB, Zhang J. Climate predicts wildland fire extent across China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:164987. [PMID: 37394078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fire extent varies seasonally and interannually in response to climatic and landscape-level drivers, yet predicting wildfires remains a challenge. Existing linear models that characterize climate and wildland fire relationships fail to account for non-stationary and non-linear associations, thus limiting prediction accuracy. To account for non-stationary and non-linear effects, we use time-series climate and wildfire extent data from across China with unit root methods, thus providing an approach for improved wildfire prediction. Results from this approach suggest that wildland area burned is sensitive to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and maximum temperature changes over short and long-term scenarios. Moreover, repeated fires constrain system variability resulting in non-stationarity responses. We conclude that an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to dynamic simulation models better elucidates interactions between climate and wildfire compared to more commonly used linear models. We suggest that this approach will provide insights into a better understanding of complex ecological relationships and represents a significant step toward the development of guidance for regional planners hoping to address climate-driven increases in wildfire incidence and impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassan Shabbir
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - John W Groninger
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Mail Code 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Ghislain N Gueye
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | - Jason H Knouft
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA; National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, One Confluence Way, East Alton, IL 62024, USA
| | - Eddie J B van Etten
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Province Science and Technology Innovation Center of Agro-meteorological Disaster Risk Assessment and Prevention, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Plecki AF, Akamani K, Groninger JW, Brenner JC, Gage KL. Homeowner perceptions and responses to buffelgrass invasion risk in the Tucson, Arizona Wildland-Urban Interface. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07040. [PMID: 34136677 PMCID: PMC8176298 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to analyze homeowners' level of awareness and perceived risk about buffelgrass invasion in the Tucson, Arizona Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI), as well as the factors influencing their participation in buffelgrass control and fire risk mitigation efforts. Data for the study were generated through the administration of an online survey among 117 members of Home Owner Associations (HOAs) in the Tucson WUI. The results showed that the overwhelming majority of respondents were aware of buffelgrass, but their knowledge about buffelgrass control mechanisms appeared to be limited. Respondents also more frequently expressed concern about the risks posed by buffelgrass invasion to general targets, such as the Sonoran Desert ecosystem, native plants and wildlife than risks to their private property and neighborhoods. The results also showed that the level of involvement in HOAs, and leadership in HOAs had significant positive effects on homeowners' participation in buffelgrass control efforts. Homeowners' duration of residence also had a significant negative effect on participation in buffelgrass control efforts, suggesting that newcomers may be more involved than long-term residents. Similarly, the number of months respondents spent in Tucson per year had a negative effect on the number of hours spent on buffelgrass control efforts. Respondents' perceived risk about buffelgrass invasion also had a positive effect on the hours spent on buffelgrass control as well as their level of involvement in fire risk mitigation efforts. These results highlight the importance of local institutions and community heterogeneity in social responses to threats in WUI communities. Policies aimed at building the resilience of WUI communities need to account for their complexity as coupled social-ecological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kofi Akamani
- Forestry Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | | | - Jacob C. Brenner
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Karla L. Gage
- Plant, Soils, and Agricultural Systems/Plant Biology Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hillard EM, Crawford JC, Nielsen CK, Groninger JW, Schauber EM. Hydrogeomorphology Influences Swamp Rabbit Habitat Selection in Bottomland Hardwood Forests. J Wildl Manage 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Hillard
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Joanne C. Crawford
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - John W. Groninger
- Department of Forestry Southern Illinois University Carbondale IL 62901 USA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois Champaign IL 61820 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shabbir AH, Zhang J, Groninger JW, van Etten EJB, Sarkodie SA, Lutz JA, Valencia C. Seasonal weather and climate prediction over area burned in grasslands of northeast China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19961. [PMID: 33203941 PMCID: PMC7672083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grassland fire dynamics are subject to myriad climatic, biological, and anthropogenic drivers, thresholds, and feedbacks and therefore do not conform to assumptions of statistical stationarity. The presence of non-stationarity in time series data leads to ambiguous results that can misinform regional-level fire management strategies. This study employs non-stationarity in time series data among multiple variables and multiple intensities using dynamic simulations of autoregressive distributed lag models to elucidate key drivers of climate and ecological change on burned grasslands in Xilingol, China. We used unit root methods to select appropriate estimation methods for further analysis. Using the model estimations, we developed scenarios emulating the effects of instantaneous changes (i.e., shocks) of some significant variables on climate and ecological change. Changes in mean monthly wind speed and maximum temperature produce complex responses on area burned, directly, and through feedback relationships. Our framework addresses interactions among multiple drivers to explain fire and ecosystem responses in grasslands, and how these may be understood and prioritized in different empirical contexts needed to formulate effective fire management policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hassan Shabbir
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.,Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- Institute of Natural Disaster Research, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China. .,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China. .,Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - John W Groninger
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Mail Code 4411, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Eddie J B van Etten
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, 6027, Australia
| | | | - James A Lutz
- Wildland Resources Department, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322-5230, USA
| | - Carlos Valencia
- Industrial Engineering, University of Los Andes, Cra1 Este 19-40, Bogota, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shalizi MN, Khurram S, Groninger JW, Akamani K, Morrissey RC. Redbud woodlands conservation status in Afghanistan: Implications for sustaining vulnerable ecosystems under multiple drivers of change. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
6
|
Singh G, Mejía NMM, Williard KWJ, Schoonover JE, Groninger JW. Watershed Vulnerability to Invasive N2-Fixing Autumn Olive and Consequences for Stream Nitrogen Concentrations. J Environ Qual 2019; 48:614-623. [PMID: 31180438 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.09.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Autumn olive ( Thunb.) is an invasive and exotic N-fixing plant species found throughout the United States. Proliferation and spread of autumn olive have displaced native plants and raised concerns about the effects of N fixation and cycling on water quality in invaded areas. This study investigated the relationship between autumn olive cover and stream N concentrations. Twelve forested watersheds were selected and classified into edge, mid-distance, and interior-of-the-forest watersheds based on autumn olive density and distance from the permanent edge of invasion point along a major road corridor. For the 2012 vegetation survey, autumn olive cover in edge, mid, and interior watersheds ranged from 37 to 61%, 18 to 37%, and 4 to 10%, respectively. From 2006 to 2012, mean stream water NO-N concentration in the edge watersheds was significantly higher (1.39 mg L, < 0.0001) than mid (0.37 mg L) and interior (0.27 mg L) watersheds. A linear relationship was found between NO-N concentration and autumn olive cover ( = 0.72, = 0.0001). Mean stream water NH-N, specific conductivity, and pH were significantly less in the interior watersheds than in the edge watersheds. Additionally, peak specific conductivity and NO-N from edge watersheds coincided with peak stage for these watersheds, demonstrating that N flushing events were driven by surface and shallow subsurface flow pathways proximal to the stream. Results from this study demonstrate how encroachment of autumn olive can influence water quality and transform biogeochemical cycles in natural systems, which points to the need for effective management of autumn olive in the edge watersheds and riparian zones that are vulnerable to invasion and increased N export.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hillard EM, Edmund AC, Crawford JC, Nielsen CK, Schauber EM, Groninger JW. Winter snow cover increases swamp rabbit (Sylvilagus aquaticus) mortality at the northern extent of their range. Mamm Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Shalizi MN, Groninger JW, Khurram S, Ruffner CM, Burney OT. Data on ecological associations and stand structure of chilgoza pine ( Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex D. Don) in Afghanistan. Data Brief 2018; 18:939-946. [PMID: 29900260 PMCID: PMC5996500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported here are original data related to the article “Indigenous knowledge and stand characteristics of a threatened tree species in a highly insecure area: Chilgoza pine in Afghanistan” (Shalizi et al., 2018) [1]. A dendrochronological summary of all known chilgoza pine tree growth increment cores collected in Afghanistan is presented in this data in brief article. Chilgoza pine trees and regeneration density profiles are reported for four provinces of eastern Afghanistan. In addition, images depicting chilgoza pine forest structure, stand conditions, and utilization impacts are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasir Shalizi
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, Jamal Mina, D-1006 Kabul, Afghanistan
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, 2820 Faucette Dr., Campus Box 8001, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - John W. Groninger
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, Mail Code, 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
- Corresponding author.
| | - Safiullah Khurram
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, Jamal Mina, D-1006 Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Charles M. Ruffner
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, Mail Code, 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Owen T. Burney
- John T. Harrington Forestry Research Center, New Mexico State University, Mora, NM 87732, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schoonover JE, Crim JF, Williard KWJ, Groninger JW, Zaczek JJ, Pattumma K. Sediment Dynamics Within Buffer Zone and Sinkhole Splay Areas Under Extreme Soil Disturbance Conditions. Environ Manage 2015; 56:618-629. [PMID: 25975438 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sedimentation dynamics were assessed in sinkholes within training areas at Ft. Knox Military Installation, a karst landscape subjected to decades of tracked vehicle use and extreme soil disturbance. Sinkholes sampled were sediment-laden and behaved as intermittent ponds. Dendrogeomorphic analyses were conducted using willow trees (Salix spp.) located around the edge of 18 sinkholes to estimate historical sedimentation rates, and buried bottles were installed in 20 sinkholes at the center, outer edge, and at the midpoint between the center and edge to estimate annual sedimentation rates. Sedimentation data were coupled with vegetation characteristics of sinkhole buffers to determine relationships among these variables. The dendrogeomorphic method estimated an average accumulation rate of 1.27 cm year(-1) translating to a sediment loss rate of 46.1 metric ton year(-1) from the training areas. However, sediment export to sinkholes was estimated to be much greater (118.6 metric ton year(-1)) via the bottle method. These data suggest that the latter method provided a more accurate estimate since accumulation was greater in the center of sinkholes compared to the periphery where dendrogeomorphic data were collected. Vegetation data were not tightly correlated with sedimentation rates, suggesting that further research is needed to identify a viable proxy for direct measures of sediment accumulation in this extreme deposition environment. Mitigation activities for the sinkholes at Ft. Knox's tank training area, and other heavily disturbed karst environments where extreme sedimentation exists, should consider focusing on flow path and splay area management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon E Schoonover
- Southern Illinois University, 1205 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901-4411, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Groninger JW. Reforestation strategies amid social instability: lessons from Afghanistan. Environ Manage 2012; 49:833-845. [PMID: 22314681 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-012-9817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Foreign and domestic government agencies and other international organizations pursue reforestation programs in rural upper watershed areas of Afghanistan over the past decade to alleviate poverty, combat the insurgency and rehabilitate a depleted forest resource base. Popular programs incorporate cash-for-work to conduct hillside terracing, check dam construction and tree-planting for nut production, fuel wood, timber, dune stabilization, and erosion abatement. Programmatic approaches have varied as a function of accessibility, security and local objectives. Uncertain land tenure and use rights, weak local environmental management capacity, and a focus on agricultural production to meet immediate needs limit interest, nationally and locally. Unreliable security, a lack of high quality tree planting stock, limited technical knowledge and coordination among government agencies, and poor security hamper program expansion. Reforestation success would be most likely where these issues are least acute. The Afghan government should focus on supporting community based natural resource management, developing and disseminating improved conservation tree nursery strategies, and promoting watershed management schemes that incorporate forestry, range management and agronomic production. Reforestation practitioners could benefit from the human and material resources now present as part of the international war effort. Successes and failures encountered in Afghanistan should be considered in order to address similar problems in insecure regions elsewhere when reforestation may help reverse environmental degradation and contribute to broader social stabilization efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W Groninger
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Mailcode 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901-4411, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
This study characterized some of the physical and chemical features of large outside field grease abatement devices (GADs). 24-hour measurements of several food service establishments' (FSEs') influent GAD flowrates indicated highly intermittent conditions with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) that exceeded the common recommendation (30 minutes) by two to five times. Investigation into the chemical characteristics of GADs indicated highly variable influent and effluent fat, oil, and grease (FOG) concentrations. Low pH and dissolved oxygen values were measured throughout the GAD, indicating the likely occurrence of anaerobic microbial processes. Detailed spatial and temporal observations of the accumulation of FOG and food solids were also discussed. Though the FOG layer remained relatively constant for all GAD configurations investigated, results indicated that commonly-used GAD configurations with a straight submerged inlet tee or no-inlet tee configuration may result in the transport of food solids into the second compartment. The present research showed increased accumulation of food solids in the first compartment with a retro-fit flow distributive inlet. This retro-fit displays promise for potentially improving the separation characteristics of existing GADs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek N Aziz
- North Carolina State University, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, 2501 Stinson Drive, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Holzmueller EJ, Groninger JW, Ruffner CM, Ozier TB. Composition of Oak Stands in the Illinois Ozark Hills 2 Decades following Light Harvesting and No Cutting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/njaf/28.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Light harvesting and no cutting are two common management regimes in oak-dominated forests in the Ozark Hills of southern Illinois. We compared changes in overstory stand composition between 1980 and 2000 among forest inventory plots that were lightly harvested after initial sampling and plots that were uncut during the same time period. Total white oak (Quercus alba L.) basal area increased for both management regimes. Black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.) overstory density decreased, and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) density increased for both management regimes. Although overall density of oak was maintained by both management regimes, species and diameter class-specific response varied. Additional silvicultural activities may be necessary to sustain oak in both lightly harvested and uncut plots, with light harvesting providing opportunities to at least partially offset costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Holzmueller
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Mailcode 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
McLane CR, Battaglia LL, Gibson DJ, Groninger JW. Succession of Exotic and Native Species Assemblages within Restored Floodplain Forests: A Test of the Parallel Dynamics Hypothesis. Restor Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2010.00763.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Goldstein CL, Williard KWJ, Schoonover JE, Baer SG, Groninger JW, Snyder JM. Soil and groundwater nitrogen response to invasion by an exotic nitrogen-fixing shrub. J Environ Qual 2010; 39:1077-1084. [PMID: 20400603 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2009.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Autumn-olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) is an invasive, exotic shrub that has become naturalized in the eastern United States and can fix nitrogen (N) via a symbiotic relationship with the actinomycete Frankia. Fixed N could potentially influence nutrient cycling rates and N leaching into soil water and groundwater. In situ net N mineralization, net nitrification, and net ammonification rates, as well as soil water and groundwater nitrate N (NO(3)-N) and ammonium N (NH(4)-N) concentrations, were measured under autumn-olive-dominated and herbaceous open field areas in southern Illinois. Soil net N mineralization and net nitrification rates were higher under autumn-olive compared with open field (p < 0.05) and could be driven, in part, by the relatively low C/N ratio (11.41 +/- 0.29) of autumn-olive foliage and subsequent litter. Autumn-olive stands also had greater soil water NO(3)-N (p = 0.003), but soil water NH(4)-N concentrations were similar between autumn-olive and open field. Groundwater NO(3)-N and NH(4)-N concentrations were similar beneath both types of vegetation. Groundwater NO(3)-N concentrations did not reflect patterns in soil N mineralization and soil water NO(3)-N most likely due to a weak hydrologic connection between soil water and groundwater. The increased N levels in soil and soil water indicate that abandoned agroecosystems invaded by autumn-olive may be net sources of N to adjacent terrestrial and aquatic systems rather than net sinks.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Abstract
Silvicultural clearcutting was widely used during the late 20th century to regenerate stands on upland sites and achieve timber production objectives within the central hardwood region. As these even-aged stands develop, silvicultural guidelines are needed to address newer management objectives emphasizing oak ecosystem maintenance. The US Forest Service Common Stand Exam procedure (Common Stand Exam Users Guide, 2003, Ver. 1.5.1, US Forest Service, Washington, DC, 87 p.) was modified to assess stand stocking, composition, oak (Quercus) competitive status, and other emerging management concerns. A total of 74 randomly selected upland stands that had been silviculturally clearcut between 1980 and 1990 were sampled across the Shawnee National Forest in southern Illinois. Maples (Acer spp.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) predominated across all landscape positions 15–26 years after stand initiation. Oak (Quercus spp.) trees per acre was related to landscape position and averaged less than 50 trees/ac on the more productive lower slope positions and north aspects. However, when yellow-poplar was present, oaks were in a competitively inferior canopy position regardless of slope position or aspect. Our results show that for sustaining oak ecosystems in this region, management interventions favoring oaks should focus on the most productive sites, where crop tree release would reduce yellow-poplar interference with a sparse oak resource, as well as on less productive sites, where thinning to reduce stocking may be needed to maintain stand health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John W. Groninger
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Forestry, Mailcode 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901
| | - Michael A. Long
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Forestry, Mailcode 4411, Carbondale, IL 62901
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ozier TB, Groninger JW, Ruffner CM. Community Composition and Structural Changes in a Managed Illinois Ozark Hills Forest. The American Midland Naturalist 2006. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031(2006)155[253:ccasci]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
|
20
|
Groninger JW, Seiler JR, Peterson JA, Kreh RE. Growth and photosynthetic responses of four Virginia Piedmont tree species to shade. Tree Physiol 1996; 16:773-778. [PMID: 14871684 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/16.9.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effects of shade on biomass, carbon allocation patterns and photosynthetic response, seedlings of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) were grown without shade or in shade treatments providing a 79 or 89% reduction of full sunlight for two growing seasons. The shade treatments resulted in less total biomass for all species, with loblolly pine showing the greatest shade-induced growth reduction. Yellow-poplar was the only species to show increased stem height growth in the 89% shade treatment. The shade treatments increased specific leaf area of all species. Quantum efficiency, dark respiration and light compensation point were generally not affected by the shade treatments. Quantum efficiency, dark respiration, maximum photosynthesis and light compensation point did not change consistently between the first and second growing seasons. We conclude that differences in shade tolerance among these species are not the result of changes in the photosynthetic mechanism in response to shade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Groninger
- Department of Forestry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|