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Piodena-Aportadera MRB, Lau S, Tan CN, Chew J, Lim JP, Ismail NH, Ding YY, Lim WS. Yubi-Wakka Test for Sarcopenia Screening in the Community: Comparative Agreement, Diagnostic Performance and Validity with Calf Circumference Measurements. J Frailty Aging 2024; 13:98-107. [PMID: 38616365 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2024.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening tools such as calf circumference (CC) and Yubi-wakka (finger-ring) test have been recognized as effective tools by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS'19) for sarcopenia screening but their comparative agreement, diagnostic performance and validity are unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine: (i)agreement between calf and finger-ring circumference, (ii)diagnostic performance for low muscle mass and AWGS'19 sarcopenia diagnosis, (iii)correlation with muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, and (iv)association with frailty, life space mobility and physical activity. METHODS We studied 187 healthy community-dwelling older adults (mean age=66.8+7.0years) from the GERILABS-2 study. CC was measured via (i) both calves in sitting and standing positions, and (ii) Yubi-wakka test by encircling the thickest part of the non-dominant calf with index fingers and thumbs of both hands. We performed Cohen's kappa to check for agreement, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to compare diagnostic performance, partial correlations adjusted for age and gender to compare convergent validity, and logistic regression to determine predictive validity for outcome measures. RESULTS Sarcopenia prevalence was 24.0% (AWGS'19). Yubi-wakka identified 16.6% of participants as screen-positive ("smaller"), showing moderate agreement only with non-dominant sitting CC measurements (k=0.421,p<0.001) and having lower diagnostic performance in determining low muscle mass (AUC=0.591 vs 0.855-0.870,p<0.001; sensitivity=57.1% vs 75.5-90.8%; specificity=58.4% vs 70.8-80.9%) and sarcopenia diagnosis (AUC=0.581 vs 0.788-0.818,p<0.001; sensitivity=55.6% vs 57.5-71.8%; specificity=74.4% vs 75.6-88.9%) compared to CC measurements. Yubi-wakka correlated significantly with muscle mass, grip strength and knee extension but not physical performance. When adjusted for age, gender and hypertension, Yubi-wakka was significantly associated with frailty (OR=3.96,95%CI:1.09-14.38), life space mobility (OR=2.38,95%CI:1.08-5.24) and physical activity (OR=2.50,95%CI:1.07-5.86). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Yubi-wakka provides a self-administered, low-cost and practicable community screening tool for sarcopenia. Our study affirmed the convergent and predictive validity of Yubi-wakka, albeit with lower sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic performance compared to CC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R B Piodena-Aportadera
- Wee Shiong Lim, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433,
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Ong M, Pek K, Tan CN, Chew J, Lim JP, Yew S, Yeo A, Lim WS. Social Frailty and Executive Function: Association with Geriatric Syndromes, Life Space and Quality of Life in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:206-213. [PMID: 35441199 PMCID: PMC8542364 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite emerging evidence about the association between social frailty and cognitive impairment, little is known about the role of executive function in this interplay, and whether the co-existence of social frailty and cognitive impairment predisposes to adverse health outcomes in healthy community-dwelling older adults. OBJECTIVES We aim to examine independent associations between social frailty with the MMSE and FAB, and to determine if having both social frailty and cognitive impairment is associated with worse health outcomes than either or neither condition. METHODS We studied 229 cognitively intact and functionally independent community-dwelling older adults (mean age= 67.2±7.43). Outcome measures comprise physical activity; physical performance and frailty; geriatric syndromes; life space and quality of life. We compared Chinese Mini Mental State Examination (CMMSE) and Chinese Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores across the socially non-frail, socially pre-frail and socially frail. Participants were further recategorized into three subgroups (neither, either or both) based on presence of social frailty and cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score below the educational adjusted cut-offs in either CMMSE or FAB. We performed logistic regression adjusted for significant covariates and mood to examine association with outcomes across the three subgroups. RESULTS Compared with CMMSE, Chinese FAB scores significantly decreased across the social frailty spectrum (p<0.001), suggesting strong association between executive function with social frailty. We derived three subgroups relative to relationship with socially frailty and executive dysfunction: (i) Neither, N=140(61.1%), (ii) Either, N=79(34.5%), and (iii) Both, N=10(4.4%). Compared with neither or either subgroups, having both social frailty and executive dysfunction was associated with anorexia (OR=4.79, 95% CI= 1.04-22.02), near falls and falls (OR= 5.23, 95% CI= 1.10-24.90), lower life-space mobility (odds ratio, OR=9.80, 95% CI=2.07-46.31) and poorer quality of life (OR= 13.2, 95% CI= 2.38-73.4). CONCLUSION Our results explicated the association of executive dysfunction with social frailty, and their synergistic relationship independent of mood with geriatric syndromes, decreased life space and poorer quality of life. In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the association between social frailty and executive dysfunction merits further study as a possible target for early intervention in relatively healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ong
- Ms. Melissa Ong, TTSH Annex 2, Level 3, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Telephone: +65 6359 6327,
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Lim WS, Cheong CY, Lim JP, Tan MMY, Chia JQ, Malik NA, Tay L. Singapore Clinical Practice Guidelines For Sarcopenia: Screening, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention. J Frailty Aging 2022; 11:348-369. [PMID: 36346721 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present the local evidence and final recommendations of the Clinical Practice Guidelines workgroup convened by the Chapter of Geriatricians and the Society for Geriatric Medicine Singapore. The aim is to develop contextualized evidence-based recommendations that facilitate adoption of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 consensus into current practice in Singapore. METHODS The workgroup drew upon the AWGS'2019 consensus, updated literature review of Singapore studies till 31 Dec 2020, and evidence from recent systematic reviews. From 40 local studies included for data extraction, we constructed evidence tables organized as: definition and epidemiology; diagnosis and evaluation; and treatment and intervention. Twenty recommendations - case-finding, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, research - were developed, and graded for strength and quality using the GRADE approach. Consensus from an expert panel(N=23) was achieved after two rounds of the modified Delphi process. RESULTS The local prevalence of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults ranged from 13.6% to 25%. Most studies adopted the AWGS'2019 and AWGS'2014 criteria. Reported case finding tools include SARC-F, calf circumference (CC) and SARC-CalF. Gender-specific AWGS cut-offs for appendicular skeletal mass were used to define low muscle mass. Different protocols and dynamometers were used to assess handgrip strength, whilst gait speed and 5-times chair stand were commonly used to assess physical performance. RECOMMENDATIONS We conditionally recommend a case-finding approach in at-risk older adults using validated case-finding tools. Screen-positive individuals should be assessed for 'possible sarcopenia' and underlying causes. For diagnosis, we conditionally recommend using the AWGS'2019 algorithm, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry when necessary to determine low lean mass for a confirmatory diagnosis of sarcopenia. For treatment, we strongly recommend resistance-based exercises and conditionally recommend a quality protein-rich diet/protein supplementation, with Vitamin D supplementation for insufficiency (<30 micrograms/L). For prevention, we recommend regular resistance-based physical activity and adequate protein intake (≥1.0g/kg bodyweight). We encourage more research to address local evidence gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Lim
- Wee Shiong Lim, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Annex, Level 2, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Novena, Singapore 308433. Phone: +65-6357-6474; Fax: +65-6359-6294;
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Lim JP, Chew J, Ismail NH, Lim WS. Letter to the Editor: Obesity Definition for Muscle Outcomes in Sarcopenic Obesity: Utility of Waist Circumference Revisited. J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:334-336. [PMID: 34549247 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as the concomitant presence of sarcopenia and obesity (1). Studies have employed different obesity definitions to understand the relation of SO to cardiometabolic outcomes, with more recent studies examining muscle-related outcomes (2, 3). The leading candidates amongst obesity definitions are waist circumference (WC), percentage fat mass (FM%), and fat mass index (FMI). The last two measures are derived from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or bioelectrical impedance (BIA), and adjust for fat quantity irrespective of distribution (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lim
- Jun Pei Lim, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Annex 2 Level 3, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, , Telephone: +65-6359 6474, Fax: +65-6359 6294
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Lim JP, Yew S, Tay L, Chew J, Yeo A, Hafizah Ismail N, Ding YY, Lim WS. Grip Strength Criterion Matters: Impact of Average Versus Maximum Handgrip Strength on Sarcopenia Prevalence and Predictive Validity for Low Physical Performance. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 24:1031-1035. [PMID: 33155633 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Muscle strength has been elevated to the forefront of sarcopenia diagnosis, with handgrip strength the preferred measure. Extant handgrip protocols adopt different handgrip strength (HGS) criteria. Paucity of direct comparison studies assessing the impact of HGS criterion on prevalence of sarcopenia and predictive validity on physical performance contributes to the lack of standardisation of HGS criteria in sarcopenia diagnosis. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to compare the effect of average (HGSave) versus maximum (HGSmax) HGS criterion on: (1) prevalence of low HGS and sarcopenia; and (2) association with physical performance at baseline and at 2 years. METHODS We recruited 200 community dwelling, cognitively intact, and functionally independent older adults. Muscle strength, physical performance measures, cognitive tests and nutritional assessments were performed. Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was administered at baseline and at 2 years. We compared HGSave and HGSmax to assess the prevalence of low HGS and sarcopenia. Univariate analysis was performed comparing baseline characteristics between low and normal groups for each HGS criterion. Significantly different variables were included in logistic regression analysis to examine association of low HGS and SPPB at baseline. Predictive validity of low HGS for SPPB<10 at 2 years was examined by performing logistic regression analysis for HGSave and HGSmax. RESULTS The prevalence of low HGS and sarcopenia incorporating HGSave criterion is 40% and 33% respectively, whereas that of HGSmax criterion is 21% and 19.5% respectively. There is moderate agreement between the 2 HGS criteria for sarcopenia diagnosis (kappa=0.604) and poorer agreement for low HGS (kappa=0.570). There was no significant association with baseline SPPB for both HGS criteria. At 2 years, only low HGSmax was significantly associated with low SPPB (adjusted OR 3.91, 95% CI 1.24 - 12.33). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that HGS criteria matters in diagnosis of sarcopenia and we support extant HGS protocols using HGSmax criterion in view of better predictive validity for poor physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lim
- Jun Pei Lim, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Annex 2 Level 3, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, , Telephone: +65-6359 6474, Fax: +65-6359 6294
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Pek K, Tan CN, Yew S, Yeo A, Lim JP, Chew J, Lim WS. Letter to the Editor: COVID-19 Pandemic Control Measures: Impact on Social Frailty and Health Outcomes in Non-Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:816-818. [PMID: 34179939 PMCID: PMC8096157 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Pek
- Kalene Pek, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore,
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Chew J, Lim JP, Yew S, Yeo A, Ismail NH, Ding YY, Lim WS. Disentangling the Relationship between Frailty and Intrinsic Capacity in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cluster Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2021; 25:1112-1118. [PMID: 34725670 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-021-1679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty and intrinsic capacity (IC) are distinct but interrelated constructs. Uncertainty remains regarding how they are related and interact to influence health outcomes. We aim to understand the relationship between frailty and IC by identifying subgroups based on frailty criteria and IC domains and studying one-year outcomes. METHODS We studied 200 independent community-dwelling older adults (mean age 67.9±7.9 years, Modified Barthel Index (MBI) score 99±2.6). Frailty was defined by modified Fried criteria. Scores (range: 0-2) were assigned to individual IC domains (cognition, psychological, locomotion, and vitality) to yield a total IC score of 8. To identify subgroups, two-step cluster analysis was performed with age, frailty and IC domains. Cluster associations with one-year outcomes (frailty, muscle strength (grip strength, repeated chair stand test), physical performance (gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery), function (MBI) and quality-of-life (EuroQol (EQ)-5D)) were examined using multiple linear regression adjusted for age, gender and education. RESULTS Three distinct clusters were identified - Cluster 1: High IC/Robust (N=74, 37%); Cluster 2: Intermediate IC/Prefrail (N=73, 36.5%); and Cluster 3: Low IC/Prefrail-Frail (53, 26.5%). Comparing between clusters, IC domains, cognition, depressive symptoms, nutrition, strength and physical performance were least impaired in Cluster 1, intermediate in Cluster 2 and most impaired in Cluster 3. At one year, the proportion transitioning to frailty or remaining frail was highest in Cluster 3 compared to Cluster 2 and Cluster 1 (39% vs 6.9% vs 2.8%, P<0.001). Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 3 experienced greatest declines in grip strength (β=-4.1, P<.001), MBI (β=-1.24, P=0.045) and EQ-5D utility scores (β=-0.053, P=0.005), with Cluster 2 intermediate between Cluster 1 and Cluster 3. CONCLUSIONS Amongst independent community-dwelling older adults, IC is complementary to frailty measures through better risk-profiling of one-year outcomes amongst prefrail individuals into intermediate and high-risk groups. The intermediate group merits follow-up to ascertain longer-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chew
- Justin Chew, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore,
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Khor EQ, Lim JP, Tay L, Yeo A, Yew S, Ding YY, Lim WS. Obesity Definitions in Sarcopenic Obesity: Differences in Prevalence, Agreement and Association with Muscle Function. J Frailty Aging 2020; 9:37-43. [PMID: 32150212 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is associated with poorer physical performance in the elderly and will increase in relevance with population ageing and the obesity epidemic. The lack of a consensus definition for SO has resulted in variability in its reported prevalence, poor inter-definitional agreement, and disagreement on its impact on physical performance, impeding further development in the field. While sarcopenia definitions have been compared, the impact of obesity definitions in SO has been less well-studied. OBJECTIVES To compare 3 widely-adopted definitions of obesity in terms of SO prevalence, inter-definitional agreement, and association with muscle function. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING GERILABS study, Singapore Participants: 200 community-dwelling, functionally-independent older adults. MEASUREMENTS We utilized three commonly-used definitions of obesity: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and DXA-derived fat mass percentage (FM%). Sarcopenia was defined using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. For muscle function, we assessed handgrip strength, gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Subjects were classified into 4 body composition phenotypes (normal, obese, sarcopenic and SO), and outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS The prevalence rate for SO was lowest for BMI (0.5%) compared to FM% (10.0%) and WC (10.5%). Inter-definitional agreement was lowest between BMI and WC (κ=0.364), and at best moderate between FM% and WC (κ=0.583). SO performed the worst amongst body composition phenotypes in handgrip strength, gait speed and SPPB (all p<0.01) only when defined using WC. In regression analyses, SO was associated with decreased SPPB scores (β=-0.261, p=0.001) only for the WC definition. CONCLUSION There is large variation in the prevalence of SO across different obesity definitions, with low-to-moderate agreement between them. Our results corroborate recent evidence that WC, and thus central obesity, is best associated with poorer muscle function in SO. Thus, WC should be further explored in defining obesity for accurate and early characterization of SO among older adults in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Q Khor
- Ezra Qi-En Khor, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Email address: , Telephone number: +65 63596474
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Lim WS, Lim JP, Chew J, Tan AWK. Letter to the Editor: Influence of Obesity on Diagnostic Accuracy and Optimal Cutoffs for Sarcopenia Screening in Non-Frail Older Adults: A Comparison of SARC-F versus SARC-CalF. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:914-916. [PMID: 33009545 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1393-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W S Lim
- Wee Shiong Lim, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Aging, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Annex 2 Level 3, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, , Telephone: +65-6359 6474, Fax: +65-6359 6294
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Chew J, Yeo A, Yew S, Lim JP, Tay L, Ding YY, Lim WS. Muscle Strength Definitions Matter: Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Predictive Validity for Adverse Outcomes Using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) Criteria. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:614-618. [PMID: 32510114 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EWGSOP2 criteria for sarcopenia recommends the use of either handgrip strength (GS) or 5-times repeated chair stand test (RCS) as a muscle strength measure. We aim to compare the impact of different muscle strength definitions on sarcopenia prevalence and predictive validity for 2-year outcomes, using the EWGSOP2 clinical algorithm. METHODS We studied 200 community-dwelling older adults, comparing sarcopenia prevalence using three muscle strength definitions: 1) maximum GS (Asian Working Group cutoffs); 2) RCS-1 (standard cutoff >15s); and 3) RCS-2 (ROC-derived cutoff >12.5s). Two-year outcomes include: 1) Incident frailty (modified Fried criteria); 2) Physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score <10]; and 3) Quality of life [EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) <25th percentile]. We performed logistic regression on 2-year outcomes adjusted for age, gender, cognition and mood. RESULTS Prevalence of confirmed sarcopenia was 14.5%, 4% and 9% for GS, RCS-1 and RCS-2 respectively. For 2-year outcomes (N=183), RCS-2 predicted incident frailty (OR: 5.7, 95% CI 1.4-22.8, p=0.013), low SPPB (OR: 4.4, 95% CI 1.4-13.1, p=0.009), and trended towards predicting low QOL (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 0.9-4.9, p=0.095). In contrast, GS and RCS-1 did not predict frailty nor low QOL, but predicted low SPPB only (GS: OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3-10.6, p=0.01; RCS-1: OR: 8.8, 95% CI 2.2-35.0, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia prevalence varies with muscle strength definitions, with GS being significantly higher vis-à-vis RCS definitions. Our results also support the use of population-specific over standard cutoffs for RCS to obtain intermediate estimates of sarcopenia prevalence and the best predictive validity for two-year outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chew
- Dr. Justin Chew, Department of Geriatric Medicine, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433.
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Chew J, Tay L, Lim JP, Leung BP, Yeo A, Yew S, Ding YY, Lim WS. Serum Myostatin and IGF-1 as Gender-Specific Biomarkers of Frailty and Low Muscle Mass in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:979-986. [PMID: 31781728 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (i) To investigate serum myostatin (absolute and normalized for total body lean mass (TBLM)) and IGF-1 as biomarkers of frailty and low relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass (RASM) in older adults, and; (ii) to examine gender differences in the association of serum myostatin and IGF-1 levels with frailty and low RASM. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The "Longitudinal Assessment of Biomarkers for characterization of early Sarcopenia and predicting frailty and functional decline in community-dwelling Asian older adults Study" (GERI-LABS) study in Singapore. PARTICIPANTS 200 subjects aged 50 years and older residing in the community. MEASUREMENTS Frailty was assessed using the modified Fried criteria. Low RASM was defined using cutoffs for height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry as recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Comorbidities, cognitive and functional performance, physical activity and nutritional status were assessed. Blood samples collected included serum myostatin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and markers of inflammation (total white cell count, CRP, IL-6 and TNFaR1). Subjects were classified into 4 groups: Frail/Prefrail with low RASM (Frail/Low RASM), Frail/Prefrail with normal RASM (Frail/Normal RASM), Robust with low RASM (Robust/Low RASM) and Robust with normal RASM (Robust/Normal RASM). RESULTS 63 (32%) subjects were classified as Frail/Low RASM, 53 (27%) Frail/Normal RASM, 28 (14%) Robust/Low RASM and 56 (28%) Robust/Normal RASM respectively. Frail/Low RASM subjects were older and had lower BMI compared to Frail/Normal RASM and robust subjects. Mean (SE) normalized myostatin levels were higher in Frail/Low RASM compared to Frail/Normal RASM subjects (1.0 (0.04) versus 0.84 (0.05) ng/ml/kg, P=0.01). Median (IQR) IGF-1 level was lower amongst Frail/Low RASM subjects compared to Frail/Normal RASM subjects (102.3, (77.7, 102.5) vs 119.7 (82.7, 146.0) ng/ml, P=0.046). No differences in myostatin or IGF-1 were observed among robust individuals with or without low muscle mass. In adjusted multinomial logistic regression models with Robust/Normal RASM as the reference group, myostatin (P=0.05) and IGF-1 (P=0.043) were associated with Frail/Low RASM status in the whole cohort. When stratified by gender, myostatin was significantly associated with Frail/Low RASM status in men only (P=0.03). In women, serum IGF-1 was associated with Frail/Low RASM status (P=0.046), but not myostatin (P=0.53). CONCLUSION Serum myostatin, normalized for TBLM in men and IGF-1 in women are potential biomarkers for frail individuals with low RASM, and may identify a target group for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chew
- Dr Justin Chew, Department of Geriatric Medicine, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433,
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Lim
- W.S. Lim,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Chong MS, Tay L, Chan M, Lim WS, Ye R, Wong WC, Lim JP, Tan EK, Ding YY. Stage-Specific Relationship between Frailty and Cognitive Impairment in a Specialist Memory Clinic Setting. J Frailty Aging 2016; 3:113-9. [PMID: 27049904 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear if the complex relationship between physical frailty and cognition varies across the severity of cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVES We therefore aimed to explore if there are stage-specific differences in the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A specialist Memory Clinic setting. PARTICIPANTS Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) community-dwelling subjects. MEASUREMENTS We obtained data on demographics, multimorbidity, cognition-related measures, nutrition, neuroimaging measures, muscle mass, Vitamin D level, apolipoprotein - e (APOE) status and physical performance measures. Frailty measures of gait speed, hand grip strength, question on exhausation and weight loss, classified subjects according to the Buchmann criteria into non-frail and frail categories. RESULTS Forty-five MCI, 64 mild AD and 13 moderate AD subjects (total n=122) were studied. The prevalence of frailty for MCI, mild AD and moderate AD was 35.6%, 21.9% and 46.2% respectively, indicating a u-shaped trend. Significant differences were noted in fatigue, grip strength and gait speed frailty sub-items. Significant correlation of frailty with cognition were noted in mild-moderate AD (Spearman's coefficient 0.26, p<0.05) but not in MCI (0.01, p=0.6). No other differences in multimorbidity, Vitamin D, APOE, nutritional measures, white matter lesions were observed. Sarcopenia interestingly had an inverse stage-specific relationship unlike frailty. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a U-shaped relationship between frailty and cognition, characterized by initial dissociation with cognitive impairment and subsequent convergence at later stages. Future studies incorporating immune markers and endocrine pathways with longitudinal follow-up could potentially elucidate intermediary mechanisms in the frailty cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chong
- Dr Chong Mei Sian, Senior Consultant, Institute of Geriatrics and Active Ageing, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, S308433, Singapore, Email address: , Telephone: (65)63596251, Fax number: (65)63596294
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Kim MG, Choi JH, Lim JP, Kim DK, Shin TY, Boo Y, Kim SY, Kim H, Ha E, Park HK, Kim J, Lim HS, Kim EH, Kim JB, Leem KH. Protective effects of a novel herbal decoction on focal cerebral ischemia in a rodent model. Neurol Res 2013; 29 Suppl 1:S16-22. [PMID: 17359635 DOI: 10.1179/016164107x172356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbs have been used to treat stroke and coma patient in traditional Korean medicine (TKM). The novel decoction, Guhpoongchungsimhwan (GCH), was developed on the basis of clinical data and TKM theory. METHODS We examined the neuroprotective effect of GCH on cerebral ischemia. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to produce cerebral ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. Subjects were treated with GCH (50 or 200 mg/kg) or vehicle alone (controls) 0 and 2 hours after MCAO. The functional status was tested 24 hours after MCAO by neurological examination (clinical score) and by series of motor function tasks (foot placement and parallel bar crossing). RESULTS The infarct volume was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining 24 hours after surgery, and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. The clinical score of the GCH-treated group (200 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05), indicating fewer neurological deficits. The impairment of motor functions induced by MCAO was significantly reduced by the administration of GCH (p<0.05). The infarct volume was significantly smaller in the GCH-treated group (203.1 +/- 40.2 mm(3), p<0.05), as compared to the control group (377.8 +/- 32.6 mm(3)). The level of motor function in the GCH-treated group was associated with reduced infarct volume. In the analysis of immunohistochemistry, GCH treatment markedly inhibited the ischemia-induced expression of PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2) or cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), which plays an important role in ischemic neuronal cell death. CONCLUSION The results showed that GCH reduced the infarct size and the functional deficits in MCAO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Gyou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju 565-701, Korea
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Jee C, Lee J, Lim JP, Parry D, Messing RO, McIntire SL. SEB-3, a CRF receptor-like GPCR, regulates locomotor activity states, stress responses and ethanol tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genes Brain Behav 2012; 12:250-62. [PMID: 22853648 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor) system is a key mediator of the stress response. Alterations in CRF signaling have been implicated in drug craving and ethanol consumption. The development of negative reinforcement via activation of brain stress systems has been proposed as a mechanism that contributes to alcohol dependence. Here, we isolated a gain-of-function allele of seb-3, a CRF receptor-like GPCR in Caenorhabditis elegans, providing an in vivo model of a constitutively activated stress system. We also characterized a loss-of-function allele of seb-3 and showed that SEB-3 positively regulates a stress response that leads to an enhanced active state of locomotion, behavioral arousal and tremor. SEB-3 also contributed to acute tolerance to ethanol and to the development of tremor during ethanol withdrawal. Furthermore, we found that a specific CRF(1) receptor antagonist reduced acute functional tolerance to ethanol in mice. These findings demonstrate functional conservation of the CRF system in responses to stress and ethanol in vertebrates and invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jee
- The Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, CA, USA.
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Kapfhamer D, Taylor S, Zou ME, Lim JP, Kharazia V, Heberlein U. Taok2 controls behavioral response to ethanol in mice. Genes Brain Behav 2012; 12:87-97. [PMID: 22883308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the understanding of ethanol's biological action, many of the molecular targets of ethanol and mechanisms behind ethanol's effect on behavior remain poorly understood. In an effort to identify novel genes, the products of which regulate behavioral responses to ethanol, we recently identified a mutation in the dtao gene that confers resistance to the locomotor stimulating effect of ethanol in Drosophila. dtao encodes a member of the Ste20 family of serine/threonine kinases implicated in MAP kinase signaling pathways. In this study, we report that conditional ablation of the mouse dtao homolog, Taok2, constitutively and specifically in the nervous system, results in strain-specific and overlapping alterations in ethanol-dependent behaviors. These data suggest a functional conservation of dtao and Taok2 in mediating ethanol's biological action and identify Taok2 as a putative candidate gene for ethanol use disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kapfhamer
- The Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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Shin HY, Kim SH, Kang SM, Chang IJ, Kim SY, Jeon H, Leem KH, Park WH, Lim JP, Shin TY. Anti-inflammatory activity of Motherwort (Leonurus sibiricus L.). Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 31:209-13. [PMID: 19514995 DOI: 10.1080/08923970802135443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Motherwort (MW), a Korean folk medicine, has been applied to treat inflammatory disease. However, its effect on inflammatory cytokine release from mast cells is not well known. We investigated the anti- inflammatory effect of MW on the secretion of inflammatory cytokine such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in human mast cell line (HMC-1). MW was treated in vitro before activation of HMC-1 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187. MW had no cytotoxic effects on HMC-1 cell viability. MW (1 mg/ml) inhibited PMA plus A23187-stimulated gene expression and production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8. Stimulation with PMA plus A23187 induced NF-kappaB activation in HMC-1 cells, which was inhibited by MW (1 mg/ml). MW inhibited secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 possibly by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation. These results indicate that MW may be helpful in regulating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Park SB, Kim SH, Suk K, Lee HS, Kwon TK, Ju MG, Jeon H, Kim DK, Lim JP, Shin TY. Clinopodium gracile inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation: involvement of calcium and nuclear factor-kappaB. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:606-13. [PMID: 20463301 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.009292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell-mediated allergic disease is involved in many diseases such as anaphylaxis, rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The discovery of drugs for the treatment of allergic disease is an important subject in human health. In this study, we investigated the effect of the water extract of Clinopodium gracile Matsum var. multicaule (WECG) on the mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation and studied the possible mechanism of action. WECG inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and immunoglobulin E-mediated cutaneous anaphylaxis in a dose-dependent manner. WECG dose-dependently reduced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of WECG on histamine release was mediated by the modulation of intracellular calcium. In addition, WECG attenuated the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated gene expression and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of WECG on these proinflammatory cytokines was nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) dependent. Our findings provide evidence that WECG inhibits mast cell-derived allergic inflammation and involvement of calcium and NF-kappaB in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bin Park
- CMRI, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Medical School, Daegu 700-422, South Korea
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Kim SH, Park SB, Kang SM, Jeon H, Lim JP, Kwon TK, Park WH, Kim HM, Shin TY. Anti-allergic effects of Teucrium japonicum on mast cell-mediated allergy model. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 47:398-403. [PMID: 19070642 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reaction is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. Stimulation of mast cells starts the process of degranulation resulting in release of mediators such as histamine and an array of inflammatory cytokines. In this report, we investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Teucrium japonicum Houttuyn (Labiatae) (AXTJ) on the mast cell-mediated allergy model and studied its possible mechanisms of action. AXTJ inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic reactions and serum histamine release in mice. AXTJ decreased immunoglobulin E-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. AXTJ reduced histamine release and intracellular calcium from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80. In addition, AXTJ attenuated activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and downstream tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human mast cells. Our findings provide evidence that AXTJ inhibits mast cell-derived allergic reactions and involvement of intracellular calcium, TNF-alpha, and NF-kappaB in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Kim
- IHBR, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea.
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Kil JS, Kim MG, Choi HM, Lim JP, Boo Y, Kim EH, Kim JB, Kim HK, Leem KH. Inhibitory effects of Angelicae Gigantis Radix on osteoclast formation. Phytother Res 2008; 22:472-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Lim JP, Hong SP, Lee YM, Jeon H. Revised subjects of the current korean oriental pharmacists' licensing examination. J Educ Eval Health Prof 2007; 4:4. [PMID: 19224005 PMCID: PMC2631202 DOI: 10.3352/jeehp.2007.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study is designed to draw out new integrated subjects of the Korean Oriental Pharmacists' Licensing Examination (KOPLE). In 2004, for the revision of subjects, we have analyzed the curriculums of the Oriental Pharmacy department, the oriental pharmacist's (OP's) job description book, and the elementary items of KOPLE. We also examined the system of the Chinese Herb Pharmacists' Examination and other health personnel licensing examinations and studied the data of items and compared them with KOPLE. We heard the public opinion on the present KOPLE. We developed a subfield of 18 subjects, a middle category of 188 items, and a small category of 1,026 items. We proposed a new KOPLE that consists of three subjects: basic oriental pharmacy, applied oriental pharmacy, and laws and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Pil Lim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, Korea.
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Kim SY, Kim SH, Shin HY, Lim JP, Chae BS, Park JS, Hong SG, Kim MS, Jo DG, Park WH, Shin TY. Effects of Prunella vulgaris on mast cell-mediated allergic reaction and inflammatory cytokine production. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2007; 232:921-6. [PMID: 17609508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Prunella vulgaris (Labiatae; PVAE) on the mast cell-mediated allergy model. We found that PVAE (0.001-0.1 g/kg) dose dependently inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis and serum histamine release in mice. PVAE decreased the IgE-mediated local allergic reaction, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. In addition, PVAE attenuated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 secretion in human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of PVAE on proinflammatory cytokines was nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) dependent. PVAE suppressed PMA and A23187-induced NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity and NF-kappaB-dependent gene reporter assay. Our findings provide evidence that PVAE inhibits mast cell-derived immediate-type allergic reactions and involvement of proinflammatory cytokines and NF-kappaB in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Kim
- Division of Specimen and Genetic Resources, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi, South Korea.
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Abstract
The essential oils from an alpine needle leaf of Abies koreana, which is a species native to Korea, was obtained by hydrodistillation with 0.9% (v/w) yield and analysed by GC and GC-MS. Sixty-eight constituents, accounting for more than 95.9% of the total oil composition, were identified. The main compounds with concentrations higher than 3% were borneol (27.9%), alpha-pinene (23.2%), beta-pinene (5.8%), terpinene-4-ol (3.8%), bornyl acetate (3.4%) and alpha-terpineol (3.1%). The antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated against nine microorganisms using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The essential oil exhibited some broad spectrum antibacterial activity against the tested organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Il Jeong
- Jeonju Biomaterials Institute, Jeonju, 561-360, South Korea
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Shin TY, Kim SH, Suk K, Ha JH, Kim I, Lee MG, Jun CD, Kim SY, Lim JP, Eun JS, Shin HY, Kim HM. Anti-allergic effects of Lycopus lucidus on mast cell-mediated allergy model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 209:255-62. [PMID: 15936049 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study characterizes the mechanism by which the aqueous extract of Lycopus lucidus Turcz. (Labiatae) (LAE) decreases mast cell-mediated immediate-type allergic reaction. The immediate-type allergic reaction is involved in many allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. LAE has been used as a traditional medicine in Korea and is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. However, its specific mechanism of action is still unknown. LAE was anally administered to mice for high and fast absorption. LAE inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic reactions in mice. LAE decreased the local allergic reaction, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE antibody. LAE dose-dependently reduced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Furthermore, LAE decreased the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated human mast cells. The inhibitory effect of LAE on the pro-inflammatory cytokine was p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) dependent. LAE attenuated PMA plus A23187-induced degradation of IkappaBalpha and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, and specifically blocked activation of p38 MAPK, but not that of c-jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Our findings provide evidence that LAE inhibits mast cell-derived immediate-type allergic reactions and involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, p38 MAPK, and NF-kappaB in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yong Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 565-701, South Korea.
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Baek OS, Kang OH, Choi YA, Choi SC, Kim TH, Nah YH, Kwon DY, Kim YK, Kim YH, Bae KH, Lim JP, Lee YM. Curcumin inhibits protease-activated receptor-2 and -4-mediated mast cell activation. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 338:135-41. [PMID: 14637278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, a major yellow pigment and active component of turmeric powder extracted from Curcuma longa L. (Gingiberaceae), has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) play a role in inflammation, and human leukemic mast cells (HMC-1) co-express PAR2 and PAR4. In the present study, the effect of curcumin on PAR2- and PAR4-mediated HMC-1 activation was examined. METHODS HMC-1 cells were stimulated with trypsin (100 nmol/l, PAR2 and PAR4 agonist), SLIGKV-NH(2) (100 microM, PAR2-activating peptide) or GYPGQV-NH(2) (100 micromol/l PAR4-activating peptide) in the presence or absence of curcumin (1, 10, and 100 micromol/l). TNF-alpha secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNF-alpha and tryptase mRNA were measured by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was assessed by Western blot analysis. Trypsin activity was measured using the substrate Bz-DL-Arg-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). RESULTS Curcumin (10 and 100 micromol/l) inhibited TNF-alpha secretion from trypsin or activating peptide-stimulated HMC-1. Curcumin (10 and 100 micromol/l) also inhibited TNF-alpha and tryptase mRNA expression in trypsin-stimulated HMC-1. Furthermore, curcumin inhibited trypsin-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. However, curcumin did not affect the trypsin activity even at 100 micromol/l. CONCLUSION Curcumin inhibits PAR2- and PAR4-mediated human mast cell activation, not by inhibition of trypsin activity but by block of ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Baek
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Tae J, Han SW, Yoo JY, Kim JA, Kang OH, Baek OS, Lim JP, Kim DK, Kim YH, Bae KH, Lee YM. Anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicera japonica in proteinase-activated receptor 2-mediated paw edema. Clin Chim Acta 2003; 330:165-71. [PMID: 12636936 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(03)00017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera japonica (Caprifoliaceae) has long been used for treatment of infectious diseases. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of L. japonica water extract (AELJ) were investigated in proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)-mediated mouse paw edema. METHODS Paw edema was induced by injection of trypsin or trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRLO-NH(2) (tc-NH(2)) into hindpaw of mice. AELJ (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 h before induction of inflammation. RESULTS At doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the AELJ showed significant inhibition of both change in paw thickness and vascular permeability. The AELJ (100 mg/kg) also significantly inhibited PAR2 agonists-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha expression in paw tissue. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that AELJ has an anti-inflammatory action for PAR2-mediated paw edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tae
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, South Korea
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Jeong HJ, Jung SW, Kim KS, Lim JP, Park EJ, Hwang WJ, Jang CH, Kim HM. Effect of allergina on mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2001; 23:627-37. [PMID: 11792021 DOI: 10.1081/iph-100108608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The herbal formulation ALLERGINA has been used against allergic inflammation disease for generations, and still occupies an important place in traditional medicine in Korea. In this study, we investigated the effect of ALLERGINA by oral administration in mast cell-mediated anaphylaxis responses. ALLERGINA dose-dependently inhibited compound 48/48-induced systemic anaphylaxis with doses of 10(-2) to 5 g/kg 1 h before orally administered. Of special note, ALLERGINA inhibited systemic anaphylaxis completely with doses of 1 g/kg and 5 g/kg. ALLERGINA (1 g/kg) also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by 84%. ALLERGINA dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. When ALLERGINA (0.01 mg/ ml) was added, ALLERGINA inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, 80% and 26%, respectively in anti-dinitrophenyl IgE antibody-stimulated mast cells. Our studies provide evidence that ALLERGINA may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic inflammation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Jeong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Korea Institute of Oriental Pharmacy, Iksan, Chonbuk
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Um JY, Chung HS, Kim MS, Na HJ, Kwon HJ, Kim JJ, Lee KM, Lee SJ, Lim JP, Do KR, Hwang WJ, Lyu YS, An NH, Kim HM. Molecular authentication of Panax ginseng species by RAPD analysis and PCR-RFLP. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:872-5. [PMID: 11510476 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop convenient and reproducible methods for the identification of ginseng drugs at a DNA level, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses were applied within Panax species. To authenticate Panax ginseng among ginseng populations, RAPD analysis was carried out using a 20 mer-random primer. The similarity coefficients among the DNA of ginseng plants analyzed were low, ranging from 0.197 to 0.491. In addition, by using PCR-RFLP analysis, very different fingerprints were obtained within Korean ginseng plants. These results suggest that these methods are able to authenticate the concerned Panax species. Broader application of this approach to authenticate other morphologically similar medicinal materials is rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Um
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Shin TY, Jeong HJ, Kim DK, Kim SH, Lee JK, Kim DK, Chae BS, Kim JH, Kang HW, Lee CM, Lee KC, Park ST, Lee EJ, Lim JP, Kim HM, Lee YM. Inhibitory action of water soluble fraction of Terminalia chebula on systemic and local anaphylaxis. J Ethnopharmacol 2001; 74:133-140. [PMID: 11167031 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of the water soluble fraction of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) (WFTC) on systemic and local anaphylaxis. WFTC administered 1h before compound 48/80 injection inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock 100% with doses of 0.01-1.0 g/kg. When WFTC was administered 5 or 10 min after compound 48/80 injection, the mortality also decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis was inhibited by 63.5+/-7.8% by oral administration of WFTC (1.0 g/kg). When WFTC was pretreated at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 1.0 g/kg, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. WFTC (0.01-1.0 mg/ml) also significantly inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) by compound 48/80. However, WFTC (1.0 mg/ml) had a significant increasing effect on anti-dinitrophenyl IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from RPMC. These results indicate that WFTC may possess a strong antianaphylactic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Chonju, 565-701, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Abstract
Six benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, corynoline (1), acetylcorynoline (2), corynoloxine (3), luguine (4), 6-oxocorynoline (5), and 12-hydroxycorynoloxine (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Corydalis incisa, and 6 was isolated for the first time from nature. The structure was elucidated by NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Samrye, Korea.
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Shin TY, Kim SH, Lim JP, Suh ES, Jeong HJ, Kim BD, Park EJ, Hwang WJ, Rye DG, Baek SH, An NH, Kim HM. Effect of Vitex rotundifolia on immediate-type allergic reaction. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 72:443-450. [PMID: 10996284 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Vitex rotundifolia (L.) (Verbenaceae) fruits (VRFE) on the immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro. VRFE (10(-4)-1.0 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80. When VRFE was employed in a systemic allergic reaction test, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. VRFE (5x10(-1) and 1.0 g/kg) inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. VRFE (10(-3)-1.0 mg/ml) also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, VRFE (10(-3) mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from RPMC. These results suggest that VRFE may be beneficial in the regulation of immediate-type allergic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, 565-701, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Abstract
In a bioassay-guided search for anti-allergic compounds from higher plants of Korea, polymethoxyflavones, 3',4',5,6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (1), 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7,8-pentamethoxyflavone (II) and 3',4',5,7,8,-pentamethoxyflavone (III) have been isolated from the immature peels of Citrus unshiu. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques. Compounds I and II inhibited dose-dependently histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Samrye, Korea.
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Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (PMC) on the humoral immunosuppression by ketoconazole (KCZ) in ICR mice. PMC at a dose of 6 mg/kg was administered orally to mice daily for 14 consecutive days. KCZ was suspended in RPMI 1640 medium and orally administered at 160 mg/kg/day 2 hrs after the administration of PMC. Mice were immunized and challenged with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The results of the present study are summarized as follows; a gain of body weight and relative weights of spleen and liver were significantly increased by combination of PMC and KCZ, as compared with those in mice treated with KCZ alone. Splenic plaque forming cells (PFC) and hemagglutination (HA) titers to SRBC were greatly enhanced by the combination of PMC and KCZ, compared with treatment of KCZ alone. The elevation of serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase (S-GPT) and total protein levels caused by KCZ were reduced to normal level by the combination of PMC and KCZ. In addition, lower serum albumin and A/G ratio were also increased to normal level. These findings indicate that PMC has a protective effect against KCZ-induced humoral immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Natural Science, Dongshin University, Chunam, Korea
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Abstract
The effects of eugenol, a major component of clove, on anaphylaxis were evaluated in rats. Eugenol inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis 100% with a dose of 10 micrograms g-1 body weight (BW). While serum levels of histamine were markedly elevated after compound 48/80 injection in all groups of rats, rats injected with eugenol showed a significant reduction in serum histamine levels. Eugenol also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. Eugenol dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The morphological examination clearly showed that eugenol prevented the anaphylactic degranulation of RPMC. Moreover, Eugenol (10 micrograms ml-1) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. These results suggest that eugenol has antianaphylactic properties by preventing mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea
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Abstract
Magnificalysin I and II (HMg I and II) and equinatoxin II (EqTx II) are cytolytic toxins extracted from sea anemones Heteractis magnifica and Actinia equina, respectively. They induced haemolysis in rat red blood cells and inhibited gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) and choline uptake into rat brain synaptosomes. These effects were concentration dependent. The inhibition of GABA and choline uptake could be overcome by the addition of exogenous sphingomyelin, suggesting that there might be interaction between these cytolysins and the phospholipid. Although the precise mechanisms involved in haemolysis and inhibition of GABA and choline uptake are unknown, they appeared to be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Khoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore
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