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Wingert JC, Anguiano JN, Ramos JD, Blacktop JM, Gonzalez AE, Churchill L, Sorg BA. Enhanced expression of parvalbumin and perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex after extended-access cocaine self-administration in rats. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13334. [PMID: 37855072 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) drives cocaine-seeking behaviour in rodent models of cocaine use disorder. Parvalbumin (PV)-containing GABAergic interneurons powerfully control the output of the mPFC, yet few studies have focused on how these neurons modulate cocaine-seeking behaviour. Most PV neurons are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), which regulate the firing of PV neurons. We examined staining intensity and number of PV and PNNs after long-access (6 h/day) cocaine self-administration in rats followed by either 8-10 days extinction ± cue-induced reinstatement or short-term (1-2 days) or long-term (30-31 days) abstinence ± cue-induced reinstatement. The intensity of PNNs was increased in the prelimbic and infralimbic PFC after long-term abstinence in the absence of cue reinstatement and after cue reinstatement following both daily extinction sessions and after a 30-day abstinence period. PV intensity was increased after 30 days of abstinence in the prelimbic but not infralimbic PFC. Enzymatic removal of PNNs with chondroitinase ABC (ABC) in the prelimbic PFC did not prevent incubation of cue-induced reinstatement but decreased cocaine-seeking behaviour at both 2 and 31 days of abstinence, and this decrease at 31 days was accompanied by reduced c-Fos levels in the prelimbic PFC. Increases in PNN intensity have generally been associated with the loss of plasticity, suggesting that the persistent and chronic nature of cocaine use disorder may in part be attributed to long-lasting increases in PNN intensity that reduce the ability of stimuli to alter synaptic input to underlying PV neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jereme C Wingert
- Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jonathan N Anguiano
- Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ramos
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jordan M Blacktop
- Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Angela E Gonzalez
- Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lynn Churchill
- Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Blacktop JM, Sorg BA. Perineuronal nets in the lateral hypothalamus area regulate cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:850-858. [PMID: 30258113 PMCID: PMC6461795 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a small, circumscribed region of the lateral hypothalamus, the anterior dorsal region (LHAad), stains heavily for PNNs and dense extracellular matrix (PNNs/ECM) with Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), and critically contributes to the acquisition of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference and cocaine self-administration. Here we tested the role of LHAad PNNs/ECM in cue-induced reinstatement in cocaine self-administering (SA) rats and identified how it is embedded in the circuitry of motivated behavior and drug reward. Degradation of PNNs/ECM in the LHAad using chondroitinase ABC (Ch-ABC) blocked the expression of cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine- but not sucrose-seeking behavior. We also identified for the first time the phenotype of LHAad PNN/ECM-surrounded neurons. LHAad neurons co-localized mainly with parvalbumin (PV+) and GABA. Predominant co-localization of WFA with VGLUT2 and GABA but not with GAD65/67 or glutamate indicates that the PNN/ECM-rich LHAad is predominantly GABAergic and receives dense glutamatergic input. The LHAad did not express significant amounts of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), orexin, or galanin; neuropeptides that regulate both food-induced and cocaine-induced behavior. In addition, retrobead injections demonstrated that the LHAad receives robust prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PFC) input and provides moderate input to the prelimbic PFC and ventral tegmental area (VTA), with no apparent input to the nucleus accumbens. In summary, the dense PNN/ECM zone in the LHAad embedded within the circuitry associated with reward pinpoints a novel region that controls the expression of cocaine-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Blacktop
- 0000 0001 2157 6568grid.30064.31Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Translational Addiction Research Center, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
| | - Barbara A. Sorg
- 0000 0001 2157 6568grid.30064.31Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Translational Addiction Research Center, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA
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Blacktop JM, Todd RP, Sorg BA. Role of perineuronal nets in the anterior dorsal lateral hypothalamic area in the acquisition of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference and self-administration. Neuropharmacology 2017; 118:124-136. [PMID: 28322980 PMCID: PMC5492967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Addiction involves drug-induced neuroplasticity in the circuitry of motivated behavior, which includes the medial forebrain bundle and the lateral hypothalamic area. Emerging at the forefront of neuroplasticity regulation are specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that form perineuronal nets (PNNs) around certain neurons, mainly parvalbumin positive (PV+), fast-spiking interneurons (FSINs), making them a promising target for the regulation of drug-induced neuroplasticity. Despite the emerging significance of PNNs in drug-induced neuroplasticity and the well-established role of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) in reward, reinforcement, and motivation, very little is known about how PNN-expressing neurons control drug-seeking behavior. We found that a discrete region of the anterior dorsal LHA (LHAad) exhibited robust PNN and dense ECM expression. Approximately 87% of parvalbumin positive (PV+) neurons co-expressed the PNN marker Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA), while 62% of WFA positive (WFA+) neurons co-expressed PV in the LHAad of drug naïve rats. Removal of PNNs within this brain region via chrondroitinase ABC (Ch-ABC) administration abolished acquisition of cocaine-induced CPP and significantly attenuated the acquisition of cocaine self-administration (SA). Removal of LHAad PNNs did not affect locomotor activity, sucrose intake, sucrose-induced CPP, or acquisition of sucrose SA in separate groups of cocaine naïve animals. These data suggest that PNN-dependent neuroplasticity within the LHAad is critical for the acquisition of both cocaine-induced CPP and SA but is not general to all rewards, and that PNN degradation may have utility for the management of drug-associated behavioral plasticity and memory in cocaine addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Blacktop
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States.
| | - Ryan P Todd
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, United States
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Blacktop JM, Vranjkovic O, Mayer M, Van Hoof M, Baker DA, Mantsch JR. Antagonism of GABA-B but not GABA-A receptors in the VTA prevents stress- and intra-VTA CRF-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine seeking in rats. Neuropharmacology 2015; 102:197-206. [PMID: 26596556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking requires corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) actions in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However the mechanisms through which CRF regulates VTA function to promote cocaine use are not fully understood. Here we examined the role of GABAergic neurotransmission in the VTA mediated by GABA-A or GABA-B receptors in the reinstatement of extinguished cocaine seeking by a stressor, uncontrollable intermittent footshock, or bilateral intra-VTA administration of CRF. Rats underwent repeated daily cocaine self-administration (1.0 mg/kg/ing; 14 × 6 h/day) and extinction and were tested for reinstatement in response to footshock (0.5 mA, 0.5" duration, average every 40 s; range 10-70 s) or intra-VTA CRF delivery (500 ng/side) following intra-VTA pretreatment with the GABA-A antagonist, bicuculline, the GABA-B antagonist, 2-hydroxysaclofen or vehicle. Intra-VTA bicuculline (1, 10 or 20 ng/side) failed to block footshock- or CRF-induced cocaine seeking at either dose tested. By contrast, 2-hydroxysaclofen (0.2 or 2 μg/side) prevented reinstatement by both footshock and intra-VTA CRF at a concentration that failed to attenuate food-reinforced lever pressing (45 mg sucrose-sweetened pellets; FR4 schedule) in a separate group of rats. These data suggest that GABA-B receptor-dependent CRF actions in the VTA mediate stress-induced cocaine seeking and that GABA-B receptor antagonists may have utility for the management of stress-induced relapse in cocaine addicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Blacktop
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Oliver Vranjkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Matthieu Mayer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Matthew Van Hoof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - David A Baker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - John R Mantsch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
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Slaker M, Churchill L, Todd RP, Blacktop JM, Zuloaga DG, Raber J, Darling RA, Brown TE, Sorg BA. Removal of perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex impairs the acquisition and reconsolidation of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference memory. J Neurosci 2015; 35:4190-202. [PMID: 25762666 PMCID: PMC4355195 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3592-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) critically contribute to cocaine-seeking behavior in humans and rodents. Activity of these neurons is significantly modulated by GABAergic, parvalbumin-containing, fast-spiking interneurons, the majority of which are enveloped by specialized structures of extracellular matrix called perineuronal nets (PNNs), which are integral to the maintenance of many types of plasticity. Using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, we found that removal of PNNs primarily from the prelimbic region of the mPFC of adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats impaired the acquisition and reconsolidation of a cocaine-induced CPP memory. This impairment was accompanied by a decrease in the number of c-Fos-positive cells surrounded by PNNs. Following removal of PNNs, the frequency of inhibitory currents in mPFC pyramidal neurons was decreased; but following cocaine-induced CPP, both frequency and amplitude of inhibitory currents were decreased. Our findings suggest that cocaine-induced plasticity is impaired by removal of prelimbic mPFC PNNs and that PNNs may be a therapeutic target for disruption of cocaine CPP memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Slaker
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686
| | - Lynn Churchill
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Ryan P Todd
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686
| | - Jordan M Blacktop
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686
| | - Damian G Zuloaga
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, and
| | - Rebecca A Darling
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Travis E Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
| | - Barbara A Sorg
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington 98686,
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McReynolds JR, Peña DF, Blacktop JM, Mantsch JR. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying relapse to cocaine use: contributions of CRF and noradrenergic systems and regulation by glucocorticoids. Stress 2014; 17:22-38. [PMID: 24328808 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2013.872617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering its pervasive and uncontrollable influence in drug addicts, understanding the neurobiological processes through which stress contributes to drug use is a critical goal for addiction researchers and will likely be important for the development of effective medications aimed at relapse prevention. In this paper, we review work from our laboratory and others focused on determining the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie and contribute to stress-induced relapse of cocaine use with an emphasis on the actions of corticotropin-releasing factor in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and a key pathway from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to the VTA that is regulated by norepinephrine and beta adrenergic receptors. Additionally, we discuss work suggesting that the influence of stress in cocaine addiction changes and intensifies with repeated cocaine use in an intake-dependent manner and examine the potential role of glucocorticoid hormones in the underlying drug-induced neuroadaptations. It is our hope that research in this area will inform clinical practice and medication development aimed at minimizing the contribution of stress to the addiction cycle, thereby improving treatment outcomes and reducing the societal costs of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme R McReynolds
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University , Milwaukee, WI , USA
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