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Chen C, Parejo M, Momeni J, Langa J, Nielsen RO, Shi W, Vingborg R, Kryger P, Bouga M, Estonba A, Meixner M. Population Structure and Diversity in European Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.)—An Empirical Comparison of Pool and Individual Whole-Genome Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020182. [PMID: 35205227 PMCID: PMC8872436 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Whole-genome sequencing has become routine for population genetic studies. Sequencing of individuals provides maximal data but is rather expensive and fewer samples can be studied. In contrast, sequencing a pool of samples (pool-seq) can provide sufficient data, while presenting less of an economic challenge. Few studies have compared the two approaches to infer population genetic structure and diversity in real datasets. Here, we apply individual sequencing (ind-seq) and pool-seq to the study of Western honey bees (Apis mellifera). Methods: We collected honey bee workers that belonged to 14 populations, including 13 subspecies, totaling 1347 colonies, who were individually (139 individuals) and pool-sequenced (14 pools). We compared allele frequencies, genetic diversity estimates, and population structure as inferred by the two approaches. Results: Pool-seq and ind-seq revealed near identical population structure and genetic diversities, albeit at different costs. While pool-seq provides genome-wide polymorphism data at considerably lower costs, ind-seq can provide additional information, including the identification of population substructures, hybridization, or individual outliers. Conclusions: If costs are not the limiting factor, we recommend using ind-seq, as population genetic structure can be inferred similarly well, with the advantage gained from individual genetic information. Not least, it also significantly reduces the effort required for the collection of numerous samples and their further processing in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Melanie Parejo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.L.); (A.E.)
- Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Jamal Momeni
- Eurofins Genomics, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (J.M.); (R.O.N.); (R.V.)
| | - Jorge Langa
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.L.); (A.E.)
| | | | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | | | - Rikke Vingborg
- Eurofins Genomics, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (J.M.); (R.O.N.); (R.V.)
| | - Per Kryger
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark;
| | - Maria Bouga
- Lab of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Andone Estonba
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (J.L.); (A.E.)
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Langa J, Huret M, Montes I, Conklin D, Estonba A. Transcriptomic dataset for Sardina pilchardus: Assembly, annotation, and expression of nine tissues. Data Brief 2021; 39:107583. [PMID: 34849383 PMCID: PMC8609138 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
European sardine or pilchard is a planktonic small pelagic fish present from the North Sea in Europe to the coast of Senegal in the North of Africa, and across the Mediterranean sea to the Black Sea. Ecologically, sardines are an intermediary link in the trophic network, preying on plankton and being predated by larger fishes, marine mammals, and seabirds. This species is of great nutritional and economic value as a cheap but rich source of protein and fat. It is either consumed directly by humans or fed as fishmeal for aquaculture and farm animals. Despite its importance in the food basket, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in protein and lipid synthesis in this species. We collected nine tissues of Sardina pilchardus and reconstructed the transcriptome. In all, 198,597 transcripts were obtained, from which 68,031 are protein-coding. Quality assessment of the transcriptome was performed by back-mapping reads to the transcriptome and by searching for Single Copy Orthologs. Additionally, Gene Ontology and KEGG annotations were retrieved for most of the protein-coding genes. Finally, each library was quantified in terms of Transcripts per Million to disclose their expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Langa
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Martin Huret
- IFREMER, STH/LBH, B.P. 70, Plouzané 29280 France
| | - Iratxe Montes
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
| | - Darrell Conklin
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andone Estonba
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia 48940, Spain
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Momeni J, Parejo M, Nielsen RO, Langa J, Montes I, Papoutsis L, Farajzadeh L, Bendixen C, Căuia E, Charrière JD, Coffey MF, Costa C, Dall'Olio R, De la Rúa P, Drazic MM, Filipi J, Galea T, Golubovski M, Gregorc A, Grigoryan K, Hatjina F, Ilyasov R, Ivanova E, Janashia I, Kandemir I, Karatasou A, Kekecoglu M, Kezic N, Matray ES, Mifsud D, Moosbeckhofer R, Nikolenko AG, Papachristoforou A, Petrov P, Pinto MA, Poskryakov AV, Sharipov AY, Siceanu A, Soysal MI, Uzunov A, Zammit-Mangion M, Vingborg R, Bouga M, Kryger P, Meixner MD, Estonba A. Authoritative subspecies diagnosis tool for European honey bees based on ancestry informative SNPs. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:101. [PMID: 33535965 PMCID: PMC7860026 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With numerous endemic subspecies representing four of its five evolutionary lineages, Europe holds a large fraction of Apis mellifera genetic diversity. This diversity and the natural distribution range have been altered by anthropogenic factors. The conservation of this natural heritage relies on the availability of accurate tools for subspecies diagnosis. Based on pool-sequence data from 2145 worker bees representing 22 populations sampled across Europe, we employed two highly discriminative approaches (PCA and FST) to select the most informative SNPs for ancestry inference. RESULTS Using a supervised machine learning (ML) approach and a set of 3896 genotyped individuals, we could show that the 4094 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide an accurate prediction of ancestry inference in European honey bees. The best ML model was Linear Support Vector Classifier (Linear SVC) which correctly assigned most individuals to one of the 14 subspecies or different genetic origins with a mean accuracy of 96.2% ± 0.8 SD. A total of 3.8% of test individuals were misclassified, most probably due to limited differentiation between the subspecies caused by close geographical proximity, or human interference of genetic integrity of reference subspecies, or a combination thereof. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic tool presented here will contribute to a sustainable conservation and support breeding activities in order to preserve the genetic heritage of European honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Momeni
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Genotyping A/S (EFEG), (Former GenoSkan A/S), Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Melanie Parejo
- Laboratory Genetics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.,Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rasmus O Nielsen
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Genotyping A/S (EFEG), (Former GenoSkan A/S), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jorge Langa
- Laboratory Genetics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iratxe Montes
- Laboratory Genetics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Laetitia Papoutsis
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leila Farajzadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eliza Căuia
- Institutul de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Apicultura SA, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Cecilia Costa
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Janja Filipi
- Department of Ecology, Agronomy and Aquaculture, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | | | | | - Ales Gregorc
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Fani Hatjina
- Department of Apiculture, Agricultural Organization 'DEMETER', Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rustem Ilyasov
- Division of Life Sciences, Major of Biological Sciences, and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea.,Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Mifsud
- Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems, Institute of Earth Systems, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Rudolf Moosbeckhofer
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit GmbH, Wien, Austria
| | - Alexei G Nikolenko
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Plamen Petrov
- Agricultural University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - M Alice Pinto
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Aleksandr V Poskryakov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - Adrian Siceanu
- Institutul de Cercetare Dezvoltare pentru Apicultura SA, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Aleksandar Uzunov
- Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen, Bee Institute Kirchhain, Kirchhain, Germany.,Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Food, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | | | - Rikke Vingborg
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Genotyping A/S (EFEG), (Former GenoSkan A/S), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Bouga
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Per Kryger
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Marina D Meixner
- Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen, Bee Institute Kirchhain, Kirchhain, Germany
| | - Andone Estonba
- Laboratory Genetics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.
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Manhique-Coutinho L, Chiani P, McHecci V, Langa J, Cilaule J, Cossa I, Bauhofer A, Muianga E, Langa J, Sambo JM, Guimarães E, Mbero D, Taviani E, Deus N. Molecular characterization of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli isolates from children in four provinces in Mozambique. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Langa J, Estonba A, Conklin D. EXFI: Exon and splice graph prediction without a reference genome. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8880-8893. [PMID: 32884664 PMCID: PMC7452765 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For population genetic studies in nonmodel organisms, it is important to use every single source of genomic information. This paper presents EXFI, a Python pipeline that predicts the splice graph and exon sequences using an assembled transcriptome and raw whole-genome sequencing reads. The main algorithm uses Bloom filters to remove reads that are not part of the transcriptome, to predict the intron-exon boundaries, to then proceed to call exons from the assembly, and to generate the underlying splice graph. The results are returned in GFA1 format, which encodes both the predicted exon sequences and how they are connected to form transcripts. EXFI is written in Python, tested on Linux platforms, and the source code is available under the MIT License at https://github.com/jlanga/exfi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Langa
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal PhysiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
| | - Andone Estonba
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal PhysiologyFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque CountryLeioaSpain
| | - Darrell Conklin
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer ScienceUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUSan SebastiánSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
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Ruiz-Larrañaga O, Langa J, Rendo F, Manzano C, Iriondo M, Estonba A. Genomic selection signatures in sheep from the Western Pyrenees. Genet Sel Evol 2018; 50:9. [PMID: 29566643 PMCID: PMC5865298 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-018-0378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current large spectrum of sheep phenotypic diversity results from the combined product of sheep selection for different production traits such as wool, milk and meat, and its natural adaptation to new environments. In this study, we scanned the genome of 25 Sasi Ardi and 75 Latxa sheep from the Western Pyrenees for three types of regions under selection: (1) regions underlying local adaptation of Sasi Ardi semi-feral sheep, (2) regions related to a long traditional dairy selection pressure in Latxa sheep, and (3) regions experiencing the specific effect of the modern genetic improvement program established for the Latxa breed during the last three decades. RESULTS Thirty-two selected candidate regions including 147 annotated genes were detected by using three statistical parameters: pooled heterozygosity H, Tajima's D, and Wright's fixation index Fst. For Sasi Ardi sheep, chromosomes Ovis aries (OAR)4, 6, and 22 showed the strongest signals and harbored several candidate genes related to energy metabolism and morphology (BBS9, ELOVL3 and LDB1), immunity (NFKB2), and reproduction (H2AFZ). The major genomic difference between Sasi Ardi and Latxa sheep was on OAR6, which is known to affect milk production, with highly selected regions around the ABCG2, SPP1, LAP3, NCAPG, LCORL, and MEPE genes in Latxa sheep. The effect of the modern genetic improvement program on Latxa sheep was also evident on OAR15, on which several olfactory genes are located. We also detected several genes involved in reproduction such as ESR1 and ZNF366 that were affected by this selection program. CONCLUSIONS Natural and artificial selection have shaped the genome of both Sasi Ardi and Latxa sheep. Our results suggest that Sasi Ardi traits related to energy metabolism, morphological, reproductive, and immunological features have been under positive selection to adapt this semi-feral sheep to its particular environment. The highly selected Latxa sheep for dairy production showed clear signatures of selection in genomic regions related to milk production. Furthermore, our data indicate that the selection criteria applied in the modern genetic improvement program affect immunity and reproduction traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otsanda Ruiz-Larrañaga
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Jorge Langa
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Rendo
- Genetics, Sequencing and Genotyping Unit, Advanced Research Facilities (SGIker), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Carmen Manzano
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Mikel Iriondo
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Andone Estonba
- Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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Chilaule J, Moiane-Cossa I, Cassocera M, Guimarães E, Langa J, Langa J, Manhique L, Sambo J, Bero D, De Deus N. Etiology of diarrheal disease in children from 0 to 14 years old admitted in Hospital Geral Mavalane, Mozambique. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Álvarez P, Arthofer W, Coelho MM, Conklin D, Estonba A, Grosso AR, Helyar SJ, Langa J, Machado MP, Montes I, Pinho J, Rief A, Schartl M, Schlick-Steiner BC, Seeber J, Steiner FM, Vilas C. Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 June 2015 - 31 July 2015. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 15:1510-2. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Álvarez
- Matís; Vinlandsleid 12 113 Rykjavíc Iceland
| | - Wolfgang Arthofer
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Maria M. Coelho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes; Faculdade de Cinências da Universidade de Lisboa; Edifício C2, 5° Piso, Sala 2.5.46 Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - D. Conklin
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence; Facultad de Informatica; University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; Manuel Lardizabal 1 20018 San Sebastian Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 6 Floor 48013 Bilbao Bizkaia Spain
| | - A. Estonba
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa-Bilbao Bizkaia Spain
| | - Ana R. Grosso
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa; 1649-028 Lisboa Portugal
| | - S. J. Helyar
- AZTI-Tecnalia; Marine Research Division; Herrera Kaia; Portualdea z/g 20110 Pasaia Gipuzoka Spain
| | - J. Langa
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa-Bilbao Bizkaia Spain
| | - Miguel P. Machado
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes; Faculdade de Cinências da Universidade de Lisboa; Edifício C2, 5° Piso, Sala 2.5.46 Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - I. Montes
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology; Faculty of Science and Technology; University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU; Barrio Sarriena s/n 48940 Leioa-Bilbao Bizkaia Spain
| | - Joana Pinho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes; Faculdade de Cinências da Universidade de Lisboa; Edifício C2, 5° Piso, Sala 2.5.46 Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Alexander Rief
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Mainfranken; University Clinic Würzburg; Sanderring 2 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Julia Seeber
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Florian M. Steiner
- Molecular Ecology Group; Institute of Ecology; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - C. Vilas
- IFAPA Centro El Toruño; Andalusian Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture; Puerto de Santa Maria 11500 Cádiz Spain
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Vaz F, Bergström S, Vaz MDL, Langa J, Bugalho A. Training medical assistants for surgery. Bull World Health Organ 1999; 77:688-91. [PMID: 10516791 PMCID: PMC2557717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A successful programme is reported from Mozambique for training middle-level health workers to perform fairly advanced surgical procedures in remote areas where the services of consultants are virtually unobtainable. Manpower and financial constraints obliged Mozambique to train medical assistants to perform surgical work in rural areas, where three broad priorities were identified: pregnancy-related complications, trauma-related complications, and emergency inflammatory conditions. Since 1984, 20 health workers have emerged from three-year courses to become técnicos de cirurgía (assistant medical officers), and it is expected that there will be 46 by 1999. The training comprises two years of lectures and practical sessions in the Maputo Central Hospital, and a practical internship lasting a year at a provincial hospital. Three workshops organized since 1989 suggest that the upgraded personnel are performing well. More detailed evaluation and follow-up are in progress. Throughout 1995 a follow-up was conducted on 14 assistant medical officers. They performed 10,258 surgical operations, some 70% of which were emergency interventions. Low rates of complication occurred and postoperative mortality amounted to 0.4% and 0.1% in emergency and elective interventions respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vaz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
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Abstract
We have studied prospectively 50 cases of open tibial fractures Type-III B. Treatment was based on the principles of debridement, wound irrigation, fracture stabilisation (generally by external fixation) and 'early bone coverage' without skin sutures. The cases were divided into two groups: Group 1: Eight fractures with segmental bone defects treated by bone transport using the Ilizarov technique or by intertibial-fibular bone grafting, and group 2: Forty-two fractures with defects of soft tissue coverage without segmental bone defects treated with simple closure or myoplasty. Union was achieved in Group 1 in an average of 16 months (range 6-21.5), and in an average of 5.6 months (range 3-10) in Group 2. The most frequent complication was malunion in angulation which occurred in 11 cases (22%). There was an equinus contracture of the ankle in 8 cases (16%) and chronic osteomyelitis occurred in 5 (10%). Adequate union was achieved in all but one case.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carballedo
- Hospital Central, Departmento de Ortopedia, Maputo, Mozambique
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Abstract
We present two cases of spontaneous dislocation of the hip joint due to chronic osteomyelitis of the upper femur. Spontaneous hip dislocations occur in certain pathological conditions such as poliomyelitis (Ingram, 1980), cerebral palsy (Howard et al., 1985), osteomyelitis and neurofibromatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Onuba
- Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
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