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Lorca R, Jiménez-Blanco M, García-Ruiz JM, Pizarro G, Fernández-Jiménez R, García-Álvarez A, Fernández-Friera L, Lobo-González M, Fuster V, Rossello X, Ibáñez B. Coexistencia de progresión transmural y lateral del frente de onda en el infarto de miocardio humano. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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López-Melgar B, Fernández-Friera L, Oliva B, García-Ruiz JM, Sánchez-Cabo F, Bueno H, Mendiguren JM, Lara-Pezzi E, Andrés V, Ibáñez B, Fernández-Ortiz A, Sanz J, Fuster V. Short-Term Progression of Multiterritorial Subclinical Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1617-1627. [PMID: 32273027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis progression predicts cardiovascular events; however, progression of multiterritorial subclinical atherosclerosis is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVES This study sought to study short-term progression of atherosclerosis using different noninvasive imaging techniques and their relationship with cardiovascular risk. METHODS The study included 3,514 PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) study participants (45.7 ± 4.2 years of age; 63% men). Participants underwent 2-dimensional vascular ultrasound (2DVUS) of abdominal aorta, carotid, iliac, and femoral territories to determine a plaque number score; 3DVUS to quantify carotid and femoral plaque volume; and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) at baseline and 2.8 years later. The authors calculated the rate of new disease incidence and changes in disease extent. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of progression rates with baseline cardiovascular risk factors and estimated 10-year risk. RESULTS Imaging detected short-term (3-year) atherosclerosis progression in 41.5% of participants (26.4% by 2DVUS, 21.3% by 3DVUS, and 11.5% by CACS), particularly in peripheral territories examined by vascular ultrasound. New atherosclerosis onset accounted for approximately one-third of total progression, also more frequently by 2DVUS and 3DVUS (29.1% and 16.6%, respectively), than by CACS (2.9%). Participants with baseline disease by all 3 modalities (n = 432) also showed significant atherosclerosis progression (median: 1 plaque [interquartile range (IQR): -1 to 3 plaques] by 2DVUS; 7.6 mm3 [IQR: -32.2 to 57.6 mm3] by 3DVUS; and 21.6 Agatston units [IQR: 4.8 to 62.6 Agatston units] by CACS). Age, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and family history of premature cardiovascular disease contributed to progression, with dyslipidemia the strongest modifiable risk factor. Although disease progression correlated with cardiovascular risk, progression was detected in 36.5% of participants categorized as low risk. CONCLUSIONS With this multimodal and multiterritorial approach, the authors detected short-term progression of early subclinical atherosclerosis in a substantial proportion (41.5%) of apparently healthy middle-aged men and women, more frequently by peripheral 2D/3DVUS than by CACS. Disease progression, as defined in this study, correlated with almost all cardiovascular risk factors and estimated risk. (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis [PESA]; NCT01410318).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz López-Melgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares HM CIEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; HM Hospitales-Centro Integral de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares HM CIEC, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Oliva
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | | | - Héctor Bueno
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico San Carlos IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sanz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute/Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute/Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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Sánchez-Cabo F, Rossello X, Fuster V, Benito F, Manzano JP, Silla JC, Fernández-Alvira JM, Oliva B, Fernández-Friera L, López-Melgar B, Mendiguren JM, Sanz J, Ordovás JM, Andrés V, Fernández-Ortiz A, Bueno H, Ibáñez B, García-Ruiz JM, Lara-Pezzi E. Machine Learning Improves Cardiovascular Risk Definition for Young, Asymptomatic Individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 76:1674-1685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lorca R, Jiménez-Blanco M, García-Ruiz JM, Pizarro G, Fernández-Jiménez R, García-Álvarez A, Fernández-Friera L, Lobo-González M, Fuster V, Rossello X, Ibáñez B. Coexistence of transmural and lateral wavefront progression of myocardial infarction in the human heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 74:870-877. [PMID: 32855096 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES According to the wavefront phenomenon described in the late 1970s, myocardial infarction triggered by acute coronary occlusion progresses with increasing duration of ischemia as a transmural wavefront from the subendocardium toward the subepicardium. However, whether wavefront progression of necrosis also occurs laterally has been disputed. We aimed to assess the transmural and lateral spread of myocardial damage after acute myocardial infarction in humans and to evaluate the impact of metoprolol on these. METHODS We assessed myocardial infarction in the transmural and lateral dimensions in a cohort of 220 acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients from the METOCARD-CNIC trial (Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction). The patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 5 to 7 days and 6 months post-STEMI. RESULTS On day 5 to 7 post-STEMI cardiac magnetic resonance, there was a strong linear correlation between the transmural and lateral extent of infarction (delayed gadolinium enhancement) (r=-0.88; P<.001). Six months after STEMI, myocardial scarring (delayed gadolinium enhancement) was significantly less extensive in the transmural and lateral dimensions, suggesting that infarct resorption occurs in both. Furthermore, progression in both directions occurred both in patients receiving metoprolol and control patients, implying that myocardial salvage occurs both in the transmural and the lateral direction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings challenge the assumption that irreversible injury does not spread laterally. A "circumferential" or multidirectional wavefront would imply that cardioprotective therapies might produce meaningful salvage at lateral borders of the infarct. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (Identifier: NCT01311700).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lorca
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Área Gestión del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Marta Jiménez-Blanco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Ruiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pizarro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Ruber Juan Bravo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Área de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Lobo-González
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Cardiology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Xavier Rossello
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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Sanz J, García-Ruiz JM. Serial Mapping for Evaluating Cardiac Therapies. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:963-965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Redondo-Bravo L, Fernández-Alvira JM, Górriz J, Mendiguren JM, Sanz J, Fernández-Friera L, García-Ruiz JM, Fernández-Ortiz A, Ibáñez B, Bueno H, Fuster V. Does Socioeconomic Status Influence the Risk of Subclinical Atherosclerosis? J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:526-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Raposeiras-Roubín S, Abu-Assi E, Cespón-Fernández M, Ibáñez B, García-Ruiz JM, D'Ascenzo F, Simao Henriques JP, Saucedo J, Caneiro-Queija B, Cobas-Paz R, Muñoz-Pousa I, Wilton SB, González Juanatey JR, Kikkert WJ, Núñez-Gil I, Ariza-Solé A, Song X, Alexopoulos D, Liebetrau C, Kawaji T, Gaita F, Huczek Z, Nie SP, Yan Y, Fujii T, Correia L, Kawashiri MA, Kedev S, Southern D, Alfonso E, Terol B, Garay A, Zhang D, Chen Y, Xanthopoulou I, Osman N, Möllmann H, Shiomi H, Giordana F, Kowara M, Filipiak K, Wang X, Fan JY, Ikari Y, Nakahayshi T, Sakata K, Yamagishi M, Kalpak O, Íñiguez-Romo A. Impact of renin-angiotensin system blockade on the prognosis of acute coronary syndrome based on left ventricular ejection fraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:114-122. [PMID: 31105064 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES For patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), it is unclear whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) are associated with reduced mortality, particularly with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The goal of this study was to determine the association between ACEI/ARB and mortality in ACS patients undergoing PCI, with and without reduced LVEF. METHODS Data from the BleeMACS registry were used. The endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality. The prognostic value of ACEI/ARB was tested after weighting by survival-time inverse probability and after adjustment by Cox regression, propensity score, and instrumental variable analysis. RESULTS Among 15 401 ACS patients who underwent PCI, ACEI/ARB were prescribed in 75.2%. There were 569 deaths (3.7%) during the first year after hospital discharge. After multivariable adjustment, ACEI/ARB were associated with lower 1-year mortality, ≤ 40% (HR, 0.62; 95%CI, 0.43-0.90; P=.012). The relative risk reduction of ACEI/ARB in mortality was 46.1% in patients with LVEF ≤ 40%, and 15.7% in patients with LVEF> 40% (P value for treatment-by-LVEF interaction=.008). For patients with LVEF> 40%, ACEI/ARB was associated with lower mortality only in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (HR, 0.44; 95%CI, 0.21-0.93; P=.031). CONCLUSION The benefit of ACEI/ARB in decreasing mortality after an ACS in patients undergoing PCI is concentrated in patients with LVEF ≤ 40%, and in those with LVEF> 40% and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In non-ST-segment elevation-ACS patients with LVEF> 40%, further studies are needed to assess the prognostic impact of ACEI/ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emad Abu-Assi
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - María Cespón-Fernández
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Cardiology Department, San Giovanni Battista Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jorge Saucedo
- Cardiology Department, NorthShore University Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Rafael Cobas-Paz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz-Pousa
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Stephen B Wilton
- Cardiology Department, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Wouter J Kikkert
- Cardiology Department, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iván Núñez-Gil
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Xiantao Song
- Cardiology Department, Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Christoph Liebetrau
- Cardiology Department, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tetsuma Kawaji
- Cardiology Department, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fiorenzo Gaita
- Cardiology Department, San Giovanni Battista Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Zenon Huczek
- Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Shao-Ping Nie
- Cardiology Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Cardiology Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Toshiharu Fujii
- Cardiology Department, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai, Japan
| | - Luis Correia
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Sao Rafael, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Masa-Aki Kawashiri
- Cardiology Department, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sasko Kedev
- Cardiology Department, University Clinic of Cardiology, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Danielle Southern
- Cardiology Department, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Calgary, Canada
| | - Emilio Alfonso
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Terol
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Garay
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Yalei Chen
- Cardiology Department, Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Neriman Osman
- Cardiology Department, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helge Möllmann
- Cardiology Department, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hiroki Shiomi
- Cardiology Department, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Francesca Giordana
- Cardiology Department, San Giovanni Battista Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Michal Kowara
- Cardiology Department, University Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Xiao Wang
- Cardiology Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Yao Fan
- Cardiology Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuji Ikari
- Cardiology Department, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakahayshi
- Cardiology Department, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakata
- Cardiology Department, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Cardiology Department, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Oliver Kalpak
- Cardiology Department, University Clinic of Cardiology, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Andrés Íñiguez-Romo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Fernández-Friera L, García-Ruiz JM, García-Álvarez A, Fernández-Jiménez R, Sánchez-González J, Rossello X, Gómez-Talavera S, López-Martín GJ, Pizarro G, Fuster V, Ibáñez B. Impacto del territorio miocárdico infartado en la cuantificación del área en riesgo mediante cardiorresonancia magnética. Rev Esp Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fernández-Friera L, García-Ruiz JM, García-Álvarez A, Fernández-Jiménez R, Sánchez-González J, Rossello X, Gómez-Talavera S, López-Martín GJ, Pizarro G, Fuster V, Ibáñez B. Accuracy of Area at Risk Quantification by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance According to the Myocardial Infarction Territory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 70:323-330. [PMID: 27592277 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Area at risk (AAR) quantification is important to evaluate the efficacy of cardioprotective therapies. However, postinfarction AAR assessment could be influenced by the infarcted coronary territory. Our aim was to determine the accuracy of T2-weighted short tau triple-inversion recovery (T2W-STIR) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for accurate AAR quantification in anterior, lateral, and inferior myocardial infarctions. METHODS Acute reperfused myocardial infarction was experimentally induced in 12 pigs, with 40-minute occlusion of the left anterior descending (n = 4), left circumflex (n = 4), and right coronary arteries (n = 4). Perfusion CMR was performed during selective intracoronary gadolinium injection at the coronary occlusion site (in vivo criterion standard) and, additionally, a 7-day CMR, including T2W-STIR sequences, was performed. Finally, all animals were sacrificed and underwent postmortem Evans blue staining (classic criterion standard). RESULTS The concordance between the CMR-based criterion standard and T2W-STIR to quantify AAR was high for anterior and inferior infarctions (r = 0.73; P = .001; mean error = 0.50%; limits = -12.68%-13.68% and r = 0.87; P = .001; mean error = -1.5%; limits = -8.0%-5.8%, respectively). Conversely, the correlation for the circumflex territories was poor (r = 0.21, P = .37), showing a higher mean error and wider limits of agreement. A strong correlation between pathology and the CMR-based criterion standard was observed (r = 0.84, P < .001; mean error = 0.91%; limits = -7.55%-9.37%). CONCLUSIONS T2W-STIR CMR sequences are accurate to determine the AAR for anterior and inferior infarctions; however, their accuracy for lateral infarctions is poor. These findings may have important implications for the design and interpretation of clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of cardioprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Fernández-Friera
- Área de Fisiopatología Vascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Imagen Cardiaca Avanzada, Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario HM Montepríncipe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Ruiz
- Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana García-Álvarez
- Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca, Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-González
- Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ciencia Clínica, Philips Healthcare Iberia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Rossello
- Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Gómez-Talavera
- Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, IIS-Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo J López-Martín
- Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Pizarro
- Área de Fisiopatología Vascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario Ruber Juan Bravo, Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín Fuster
- Área de Fisiopatología Vascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Área de Fisiopatología Vascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, IIS-Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
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de la Hera JM, García-Ruiz JM, Delgado E. Diabetes and Screening for Coronary Heart Disease: Where Should We Focus our Efforts? Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2015; 68:830-833. [PMID: 26231783 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús María de la Hera
- Unidad de Imagen Cardiaca, Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - José Manuel García-Ruiz
- Unidad de Cuidados Cardiológicos Agudos, Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Elías Delgado
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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López-Moreno JI, Zabalza J, Vicente-Serrano SM, Revuelto J, Gilaberte M, Azorin-Molina C, Morán-Tejeda E, García-Ruiz JM, Tague C. Impact of climate and land use change on water availability and reservoir management: scenarios in the Upper Aragón River, Spanish Pyrenees. Sci Total Environ 2014; 493:1222-1231. [PMID: 24090497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Streamflows in a Mediterranean mountain basin in the central Spanish Pyrenees were projected under various climate and land use change scenarios. Streamflow series projected for 2021-2050 were used to simulate the management of the Yesa reservoir, which is critical to the downstream supply of irrigation and domestic water. Streamflows were simulated using the Regional Hydro-Ecologic Simulation System (RHESSys). The results show that increased forest cover in the basin could decrease annual streamflow by 16%, mainly in early spring, summer and autumn. Regional climate models (RCMs) project a trend of warming and drying in the basin for the period 2021-2050, which will cause a 13.8% decrease in annual streamflow, mainly in late spring and summer. The combined effects of forest regeneration and climate change are expected to reduce annual streamflows by 29.6%, with marked decreases affecting all months with the exception of January and February, when the decline will be moderate. Under these streamflow reduction scenarios it is expected that it will be difficult for the Yesa reservoir to meet the current water demand, based on its current storage capacity (476 hm(3)). If the current project to enlarge the reservoir to a capacity of 1059 hm(3) is completed, the potential to apply multi-annual streamflow management, which will increase the feasibility of maintaining the current water supply. However, under future climate and land cover scenarios, reservoir storage will rarely exceed half of the expected capacity, and the river flows downstream of the reservoir is projected to be dramatically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I López-Moreno
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50.059, Spain.
| | - J Zabalza
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50.059, Spain
| | - S M Vicente-Serrano
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50.059, Spain
| | - J Revuelto
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50.059, Spain
| | - M Gilaberte
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50.059, Spain
| | - C Azorin-Molina
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50.059, Spain
| | - E Morán-Tejeda
- C3I-Climate Change and Climate Impacts Unit, University Geneva, Bateille-D, Carouge, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M García-Ruiz
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50.059, Spain
| | - C Tague
- University of Santa Barbara, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, CA, USA
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García-Rubiño ME, Conejo-García A, Núñez MC, Carrasco E, García MA, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, García-Ruiz JM, Gallo MA, Marchal JA, Campos JM. Enantiospecific synthesis of heterocycles linked to purines: different apoptosis modulation of enantiomers in breast cancer cells. Curr Med Chem 2014; 20:4924-34. [PMID: 24059234 DOI: 10.2174/09298673113206660263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The issue of chiral drug is now a major theme in the design, discovery and development of new drugs. It has been shown for many pharmaceuticals that only one enantiomer contains the desired activity, and the synthesis of such drug molecules in their optically pure form is becoming increasingly important. Mitsunobu reaction was carried out between (R)- and (S)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzoxathiepin-3-ol and purines under microwave irradiation. A contraction into a six-membered ring takes place with concomitant inversion at the stereocentre with excellent enatiomeric excesses giving rise to the homochiral 9-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxathiin-3-ylmethyl)-9H-purines. The anti-tumour activity of all enantiomers is reported against the caspase-3-deficient MCF-7 and the wild type SKBR-3 human breast cancer cells. The most active homochiral compound displays an IC50 of 1.85 μM and induces inhibition of the translation initiation factor eIF2α. All homochiral compounds included in this study show different apoptotic effects between both enantiomers with levels up to 99%. We have analyzed caspase-mediated apoptotic pathways on enantiomers and racemates. We have found a homochiral derivative that activates the canonical intrinsic caspase-8/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway on the MCF-7 cells, and a racemic compound that induces caspase-2 activation. Moreover, we demonstrate the involvement of caspase activation during cell death induced by these compounds in SKBR-3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E García-Rubiño
- Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, c/ Campus de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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14
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Martín M, Secades S, Plasencia AM, Rodríguez ML, Corros C, García-Campos A, García-Ruiz JM, de la Hera JM, Morales C. Supravalvular aortic stenosis as a non-syndromic familial disease. Relevance of familial screening. Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:511-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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García-Álvarez A, Fernández-Friera L, García-Ruiz JM, Nuño-Ayala M, Pereda D, Fernández-Jiménez R, Guzmán G, Sanchez-Quintana D, Alberich-Bayarri A, Pastor-Escuredo D, Sanz-Rosa D, García-Prieto J, Gonzalez-Mirelis JG, Pizarro G, Jimenez-Borreguero LJ, Fuster V, Sanz J, Ibáñez B. Noninvasive monitoring of serial changes in pulmonary vascular resistance and acute vasodilator testing using cardiac magnetic resonance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:1621-31. [PMID: 23954344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study sought to evaluate the ability of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) to monitor acute and long-term changes in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) noninvasively. BACKGROUND PVR monitoring during the follow-up of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and the response to vasodilator testing require invasive right heart catheterization. METHODS An experimental study in pigs was designed to evaluate the ability of CMR to monitor: 1) an acute increase in PVR generated by acute pulmonary embolization (n = 10); 2) serial changes in PVR in chronic PH (n = 22); and 3) changes in PVR during vasodilator testing in chronic PH (n = 10). CMR studies were performed with simultaneous hemodynamic assessment using a CMR-compatible Swan-Ganz catheter. Average flow velocity in the main pulmonary artery (PA) was quantified with phase contrast imaging. Pearson correlation and mixed model analysis were used to correlate changes in PVR with changes in CMR-quantified PA velocity. Additionally, PVR was estimated from CMR data (PA velocity and right ventricular ejection fraction) using a formula previously validated. RESULTS Changes in PA velocity strongly and inversely correlated with acute increases in PVR induced by pulmonary embolization (r = -0.92), serial PVR fluctuations in chronic PH (r = -0.89), and acute reductions during vasodilator testing (r = -0.89, p ≤ 0.01 for all). CMR-estimated PVR showed adequate agreement with invasive PVR (mean bias -1.1 Wood units,; 95% confidence interval: -5.9 to 3.7) and changes in both indices correlated strongly (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS CMR allows for noninvasive monitoring of acute and chronic changes in PVR in PH. This capability may be valuable in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana García-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) Imaging in Experimental Cardiology Laboratory (IExC Lab), Madrid, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) Epidemiology, Atherothrombosis and Imaging Department, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Pineda-Molina E, Daddaoua A, Krell T, Ramos JL, García-Ruiz JM, Gavira JA. In situ X-ray data collection from highly sensitive crystals of Pseudomonas putida PtxS in complex with DNA. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1307-10. [PMID: 23143237 PMCID: PMC3515369 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112028540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida PtxS is a member of the LacI protein family of transcriptional regulators involved in glucose metabolism. All genes involved in this pathway are clustered into two operons, kgu and gad. PtxS controls the expression of the kgu and gad operons as well as its own transcription. The PtxS operator is a perfect palindrome, 5'-TGAAACCGGTTTCA-3', which is present in all three promoters. Crystallization of native PtxS failed, and PtxS-DNA crystals were finally produced by the counter-diffusion technique. A portion of the capillary used for crystal growth was attached to the end of a SPINE standard cap and directly flash-cooled in liquid nitrogen for diffraction tests. A full data set was collected with a beam size of 10×10 µm. The crystal belonged to the trigonal space group P3, with unit-cell parameters a=b=213.71, c=71.57 Å. Only unhandled crystals grown in capillaries of 0.1 mm inner diameter diffracted X-rays to 1.92 Å resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pineda-Molina
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT (CSIC-UGR), Avenida de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Abstract
To this day, computer models for stromatolite formation have made substantial use of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation. Oddly enough, these studies yielded mutually exclusive conclusions about the biotic or abiotic origin of such structures. We show in this paper that, at our current state of knowledge, a purely biotic origin for stromatolites can neither be proved nor disproved by means of a KPZ-based model. What can be shown, however, is that whatever their (biotic or abiotic) origin might be, some morphologies found in actual stromatolite structures (e.g. overhangs) cannot be formed as a consequence of a process modelled exclusively in terms of the KPZ equation and acting over sufficiently large times. This suggests the need to search for alternative mathematical approaches to model these structures, some of which are discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cuerno
- Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain
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18
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Gavira JA, González-Ramírez LA, Oliver-Salvador MC, Soriano-García M, García-Ruiz JM. Structure of the mexicain–E-64 complex and comparison with other cysteine proteases of the papain family. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2007; 63:555-63. [PMID: 17452780 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444907005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mexicain is a 23.8 kDa cysteine protease from the tropical plant Jacaratia mexicana. It is isolated as the most abundant product after cation-exchange chromatography of the mix of proteases extracted from the latex of the fruit. The purified enzyme inhibited with E-64 [N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-leucyl-amino(4-guanido)butane] was crystallized by sitting-drop vapour diffusion and the structure was solved by molecular replacement at 2.1 A resolution and refined to an R factor of 17.7% (R(free) = 23.8%). The enzyme belongs to the alpha+beta class of proteins and the structure shows the typical papain-like fold composed of two domains, the alpha-helix-rich (L) domain and the beta-barrel-like (R) domain, separated by a groove containing the active site formed by residues Cys25 and His159, one from each domain. The four monomers in the asymmetric unit show one E-64 molecule covalently bound to Cys25 in the active site and differences have been found in the placement of E-64 in each monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gavira
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, IACT, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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19
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Ahmed AMH, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Vidal ML, Gautron J, García-Ruiz JM, Nys Y. Changes in eggshell mechanical properties, crystallographic texture and in matrix proteins induced by moult in hens. Br Poult Sci 2005; 46:268-79. [PMID: 16050179 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500065425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of moult on eggshell mechanical properties, on composition and concentrations of organic matrix components and on eggshell microstructure was investigated. The observed changes were studied to understand the role of organic matrix and eggshell microstructure in eggshell strength. Moult was induced by zinc oxide (20 g zinc/kg diet) in 53 ISA Brown laying hens at 78 weeks of age. No difference was observed for egg or eggshell weights after moult. In contrast, moult improved the shell breaking strength (28.09 vs 33.71 N). After moult, there was a decrease in the average size of calcite crystals composing the eggshell and in their heterogeneity, whereas crystal orientation remained basically the same. After moulting, the total protein concentration in eggshell increased slightly. The comparisons of SDS-PAGE profiles of the organic matrix constituents extracted before and after moulting showed changes in staining intensity of certain bands. After moult, bands associated with main proteins specific to eggshell formation (OC-116 and OC-17) showed higher staining intensity, while the intensity of the egg white proteins (ovotransferrin, ovalbumin and lysozyme) decreased. ELISA confirmed the decrease in ovotransferrin after moult. Its concentration was inversely correlated with breaking strength before moult. These observations suggest that changes in eggshell crystal size could be due to changes in organic matrix composition. These changes may provide a mechanism for the improvement in shell solidity after moulting.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M H Ahmed
- INRA, Station de Recherches Avicoles, Nouzilly, France
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20
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Oliver-Salvador MC, González-Ramírez LA, Gavira JA, Soriano-García M, García-Ruiz JM. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of mexicain. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2004; 60:2058-60. [PMID: 15502326 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444904021638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mexicain is a 23.7 kDa papain-like cysteine protease from the tropical plant Jacaratia mexicana. Extracted as a mix of proteases from the latex of the fruit, mexicain is isolated after cation-exchange chromatography as the most abundant product. The purified product inhibited with E-64 was crystallized by sitting-drop vapour diffusion in the presence of ethanolamine. Cryoprotected crystals diffracted X-rays from a home source to 1.98 A and belong to the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 57.36, b = 90.45, c = 80.39 A, beta = 92.64 degrees . The asymmetric unit contains four molecules of mexicain, with a corresponding crystal volume per protein weight (V(M)) of 2.24 A(3) Da(-1) and a solvent content of 45% by volume. A molecular-replacement model has been determined and refinement is in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Oliver-Salvador
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, IPN, México DF, México
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21
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García-Ruiz JM, Hyde ST, Carnerup AM, Christy AG, Van Kranendonk MJ, Welham NJ. Self-Assembled Silica-Carbonate Structures and Detection of Ancient Microfossils. Science 2003; 302:1194-7. [PMID: 14615534 DOI: 10.1126/science.1090163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized inorganic micron-sized filaments, whose microstucture consists of silica-coated nanometer-sized carbonate crystals, arranged with strong orientational order. They exhibit noncrystallographic, curved, helical morphologies, reminiscent of biological forms. The filaments are similar to supposed cyanobacterial microfossils from the Precambrian Warrawoona chert formation in Western Australia, reputed to be the oldest terrestrial microfossils. Simple organic hydrocarbons, whose sources may also be abiotic and indeed inorganic, readily condense onto these filaments and subsequently polymerize under gentle heating to yield kerogenous products. Our results demonstrate that abiotic and morphologically complex microstructures that are identical to currently accepted biogenic materials can be synthesized inorganically.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M García-Ruiz
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva 18002, Granada, Spain
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22
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López-Jaramillo FJ, Moraleda AB, González-Ramírez LA, Carazo A, García-Ruiz JM. Soaking: the effect of osmotic shock on tetragonal lysozyme crystals. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2002; 58:209-14. [PMID: 11807244 DOI: 10.1107/s090744490101914x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2001] [Accepted: 11/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Protein crystals crack when they are soaked in a solution with ionic strength sufficiently different from the environment in which they grew. It is demonstrated for the case of tetragonal lysozyme that the forces involved and the mechanisms that lead to the formation of cracks are different for hypertonic and hypotonic soaking. Tetragonal lysozyme crystals are very sensitive to hypotonic shocks and, after a certain waiting time, cracks always appear with a characteristic pattern perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis. Conversely, a hypertonic shock is better withstood: cracks do not display any deterministic pattern, are only visible at higher differences in ionic strength and after a certain time a phenomenon of crystal reconstruction occurs and the cracks vanish. At the lattice level, the unit-cell volume expands in hypotonic shock and shrinks under hypertonic conditions. However, the compression of the unit cell is anisotropic: the c axis is compressed to a minimum, beyond which it expands despite the unit-cell volume continuing to shrink. This behaviour is a direct consequence of the positive charge that the crystals bear and the existence of channels along the crystallographic c axis. Both features are responsible for the Gibbs-Donnan effect which limits the free exchange of ions and affects the movement of water inside the channels and bound to the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J López-Jaramillo
- Loboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-UGRA, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva, 18002 Granada, Spain.
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23
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Sauter C, Otálora F, Gavira JA, Vidal O, Giegé R, García-Ruiz JM. Structure of tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme at 0.94 A from crystals grown by the counter-diffusion method. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2001; 57:1119-26. [PMID: 11468395 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901008873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2001] [Accepted: 05/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Very high quality crystals of tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme were grown in the Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF) on board the Space Shuttle using a modified free-interface diffusion (FID) reactor designed ad hoc to have a longer diffusion path. This design allows the performance of true counter-diffusion experiments. Crystals were obtained under the classical chemical conditions defined 50 y ago with NaCl as a crystallizing agent and acetate pH 4.5 as a buffer. Counter-diffusion crystallization allows a "physical" instead of chemical optimization of growth conditions: indeed, this method screens for the best supersaturation conditions in a single trial and yields crystals of very high quality. A complete diffraction data set was collected at atomic resolution from one of these crystals using synchrotron radiation at the DESY-EMBL beamlines. The overall R(merge) on intensities in the resolution range 31-0.94 A was 5.2% and the data were 98.9% complete. Refinement was carried out with the programs CNS and SHELX97 to a final crystallographic R factor of 12.26% for 72 390 reflections. A mean standard uncertainty in the atomic positions of 0.024 A was estimated from inversion of blocked least-squares matrices. 22 side chains show alternate conformations and the loop 59-75 adopts in the same crystal packing two conformations that were observed for either triclinic or tetragonal lysozyme in previous high-resolution studies. In addition to 255 water molecules, the crystallizing agent (one hexacoordinated sodium ion and five chloride anions) participates in the ordered lysozyme hydration shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sauter
- UPR 9002, Département Mécanismes et Molécules de la Synthèse Protéique et Cristallogenèse, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 15 Rue René Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France
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Otálora F, Gavira JA, Capelle B, García-Ruiz JM. In-situ measurement of rocking curves during lysozyme crystal growth. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1999; 55:650-5. [PMID: 10089461 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998015005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rocking curve of protein crystals contains a lot of useful information concerning crystal quality, most of which is lost owing to the superimposition of spurious features appearing in these fragile materials after growth, during handling and mounting. To minimize such data spoiling, an experimental setup to perform in situ X-ray diffraction experiments during crystal growth has been designed. The setup, which includes video observation to allow the correlation of crystal shape, size and growth rate with X-ray data, has been used to assess the mosaicity of tetragonal lysozyme crystals during crystal growth. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of diffraction peaks collected from these crystals changes during the growth process as a (directly proportional) response to the growth rates and the different development of different domain blocks. These changes in the domain distribution and FWHM with time involve a 'zonation' of the crystals, which show very different rocking curves in different parts of their volume. The rocking curves recorded in situ from growing crystals are easier to understand than those from crystals that have suffered even minor handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Otálora
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, -Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18002,
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25
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Otálora F, Capelle B, Ducruix A, García-Ruiz JM. Mosaic spread characterization of microgravity-grown tetragonal lysozyme single crystals. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 1999; 55:644-9. [PMID: 10089460 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444998014462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic spread values for crystals grown in microgravity were measured using synchrotron radiation. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) values for diffraction line profiles in the range 10-20" (arc seconds, 1" = 1 degrees /3600) were observed. These values are similar to those measured for crystals grown on earth using the gel-acupuncture method. The crystals analysed are composed of from two to five domains producing peaks having widths from 5 to 15". The distribution of these domains is neither homogeneous (with domains of lower quality concentrated in the centre of the crystal) nor isotropic (producing peaks whose width changes depending on the observation direction). Methodological aspects are also discussed, with special consideration of the effects of mosaic spread on the data-collection procedures for high-resolution (low-intensity) reflections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Otálora
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos (IACT), CSIC-Universidad de Granada, LEC/IACT, Campus Fuentenueva s/n (Fac. Ciencias), 18002 Granada,
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26
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Abstract
The formation of protein single crystals grown with the shape controlled by the geometry of the capillary used as a growth cell is presented. The shaped crystals show strong birefringence under crossed nicols and diffract as single crystals up to 1.74 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Geologia Mediterránea, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Abstract
In this work we explore the possibilities of the gel-acupuncture technique, proposed previously for the growth of protein single crystals [García-Ruiz, Moreno, Viedma & Coll (1993). Mater. Res. Bull. 28, 541-546]. The main advantage of the technique is that the crystals are obtained inside an X-ray capillary and, unlike classical microdiffusion techniques, it involves a very simple and accurate technical arrangement that permits the continuous monitoring of the crystals in their growth environment. In particular, we describe the growth of single crystals of lysozyme, concanavalin A and ribonuclease A. Different starting conditions have been used to grow single crystals of these proteins into different types of capillaries at several protein and precipitating-agent concentrations. It is demonstrated that the technique works for a wide range of precipitating agents commonly used in protein crystal growth, such as large polymers (PEG 4000 and PEG 6000), organic solvents (from methanol to butanol) and salts [NaCl, (NH(4))(2)SO(4)]. The range of inner diameter of the capillaries for which the technique works correctly has been also studied. The growth process and possible crystal movement was followed by video microscopy. Lysozyme crystals up to 3.1 mm were obtained but the average maximum linear crystal sizes were 2.0 mm for lysozyme, 0.4 mm for concanavalin A and 1.2 mm for ribonuclease, respectively. The waiting times to reach such a size, measured from the set-up of the experiments, were 72 h, 10 d and 5 d, respectively. Gels of tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, sodium silicate, agar, high-strength agar and gel-gro have been tested in relation to their mechanical properties and their chemical interaction with the reactants. Finally, we discuss briefly the advantages of the gel-acupuncture technique and plausible applications other than crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M García-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Geología Mediterránea, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, Spain
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