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Patel HK, Zhang K, Utegg R, Stephens E, Salem S, Welch H, Grobe S, Schlereth J, Kuhn AN, Ryczek J, Cirelli DJ, Lerch TF. Characterization of BNT162b2 mRNA to Evaluate Risk of Off-Target Antigen Translation. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1364-1371. [PMID: 36642376 PMCID: PMC9836996 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have been established as a safe and effective modality, thanks in large part to the expedited development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines. In addition to the active, full-length mRNA transcript, mRNA fragment species can be present as a byproduct of the cell-free transcription manufacturing process or due to mRNA hydrolysis. In the current study, mRNA fragment species from BNT162b2 mRNA were isolated and characterized. The translational viability of intact and fragmented mRNA species was further explored using orthogonal expression systems to understand the risk of truncated spike protein or off-target antigen translation. The study demonstrates that mRNA fragments are primarily derived from premature transcriptional termination during manufacturing, and only full-length mRNA transcripts are viable for expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himakshi K Patel
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Rachael Utegg
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Elaine Stephens
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Shauna Salem
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Heidi Welch
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeff Ryczek
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - David J Cirelli
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Thomas F Lerch
- Analytical Research and Development, Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pfizer Inc., Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
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2
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Bach S, Demper JC, Klemm P, Schlereth J, Lechner M, Schoen A, Kämper L, Weber F, Becker S, Biedenkopf N, Hartmann RK. Identification and characterization of short leader and trailer RNAs synthesized by the Ebola virus RNA polymerase. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010002. [PMID: 34699554 PMCID: PMC8547711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription of non-segmented negative sense (NNS) RNA viruses follows a stop-start mechanism and is thought to be initiated at the genome’s very 3’-end. The synthesis of short abortive leader transcripts (leaderRNAs) has been linked to transcription initiation for some NNS viruses. Here, we identified the synthesis of abortive leaderRNAs (as well as trailer RNAs) that are specifically initiated opposite to (anti)genome nt 2; leaderRNAs are predominantly terminated in the region of nt ~ 60–80. LeaderRNA synthesis requires hexamer phasing in the 3’-leader promoter. We determined a steady-state NP mRNA:leaderRNA ratio of ~10 to 30-fold at 48 h after Ebola virus (EBOV) infection, and this ratio was higher (70 to 190-fold) for minigenome-transfected cells. LeaderRNA initiation at nt 2 and the range of termination sites were not affected by structure and length variation between promoter elements 1 and 2, nor the presence or absence of VP30. Synthesis of leaderRNA is suppressed in the presence of VP30 and termination of leaderRNA is not mediated by cryptic gene end (GE) signals in the 3’-leader promoter. We further found different genomic 3’-end nucleotide requirements for transcription versus replication, suggesting that promoter recognition is different in the replication and transcription mode of the EBOV polymerase. We further provide evidence arguing against a potential role of EBOV leaderRNAs as effector molecules in innate immunity. Taken together, our findings are consistent with a model according to which leaderRNAs are abortive replicative RNAs whose synthesis is not linked to transcription initiation. Rather, replication and transcription complexes are proposed to independently initiate RNA synthesis at separate sites in the 3’-leader promoter, i.e., at the second nucleotide of the genome 3’-end and at the more internally positioned transcription start site preceding the first gene, respectively, as reported for Vesicular stomatitis virus. The RNA polymerase (RdRp) of Ebola virus (EBOV) initiates RNA synthesis at the 3’-leader promoter of its encapsidated, non-segmented negative sense (NNS) RNA genome, either at the penultimate 3’-end position of the genome in the replicative mode or more internally (position 56) at the transcription start site (TSS) in its transcription mode. Here we identified the synthesis of abortive replicative RNAs that are specifically initiated opposite to genome nt 2 (termed leaderRNAs) and predominantly terminated in the region of nt ~ 60–80 near the TSS. The functional role of abortive leaderRNA synthesis is still enigmatic; a role in interferon induction could be excluded. Our findings indirectly link leaderRNA termination to nucleoprotein (NP) availability for encapsidation of nascent replicative RNA or to NP removal from the template RNA. Our findings further argue against the model that leaderRNA synthesis is a prerequisite for each transcription initiation event at the TSS. Rather, our findings are in line with the existence of distinct replicase and transcriptase complexes of RdRp that interact differently with the 3’-leader promoter and intiate RNA synthesis independently at different sites (position 2 or 56 of the genome), mechanistically similar to another NNS virus, Vesicular stomatitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bach
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jana-Christin Demper
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Klemm
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schlereth
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Lechner
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schoen
- Institut für Virologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Lennart Kämper
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institut für Virologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (NB); (RKH)
| | - Roland K. Hartmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (NB); (RKH)
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3
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Hotz C, Wagenaar TR, Gieseke F, Bangari DS, Callahan M, Cao H, Diekmann J, Diken M, Grunwitz C, Hebert A, Hsu K, Bernardo M, Karikó K, Kreiter S, Kuhn AN, Levit M, Malkova N, Masciari S, Pollard J, Qu H, Ryan S, Selmi A, Schlereth J, Singh K, Sun F, Tillmann B, Tolstykh T, Weber W, Wicke L, Witzel S, Yu Q, Zhang YA, Zheng G, Lager J, Nabel GJ, Sahin U, Wiederschain D. Local delivery of mRNA-encoded cytokines promotes antitumor immunity and tumor eradication across multiple preclinical tumor models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc7804. [PMID: 34516826 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc7804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Cao
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mustafa Diken
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andy Hebert
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karl Hsu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marie Bernardo
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Kreiter
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Mikhail Levit
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Jack Pollard
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hui Qu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sue Ryan
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abderaouf Selmi
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Kuldeep Singh
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Fangxian Sun
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bodo Tillmann
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - William Weber
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Sonja Witzel
- Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qunyan Yu
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gang Zheng
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joanne Lager
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gary J Nabel
- Research and Development, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University GmbH (TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Vogel AB, Kanevsky I, Che Y, Swanson KA, Muik A, Vormehr M, Kranz LM, Walzer KC, Hein S, Güler A, Loschko J, Maddur MS, Ota-Setlik A, Tompkins K, Cole J, Lui BG, Ziegenhals T, Plaschke A, Eisel D, Dany SC, Fesser S, Erbar S, Bates F, Schneider D, Jesionek B, Sänger B, Wallisch AK, Feuchter Y, Junginger H, Krumm SA, Heinen AP, Adams-Quack P, Schlereth J, Schille S, Kröner C, de la Caridad Güimil Garcia R, Hiller T, Fischer L, Sellers RS, Choudhary S, Gonzalez O, Vascotto F, Gutman MR, Fontenot JA, Hall-Ursone S, Brasky K, Griffor MC, Han S, Su AAH, Lees JA, Nedoma NL, Mashalidis EH, Sahasrabudhe PV, Tan CY, Pavliakova D, Singh G, Fontes-Garfias C, Pride M, Scully IL, Ciolino T, Obregon J, Gazi M, Carrion R, Alfson KJ, Kalina WV, Kaushal D, Shi PY, Klamp T, Rosenbaum C, Kuhn AN, Türeci Ö, Dormitzer PR, Jansen KU, Sahin U. BNT162b vaccines protect rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2021; 592:283-289. [PMID: 33524990 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed in quantities that are sufficient to immunize large populations. Here we report the preclinical development of two vaccine candidates (BNT162b1 and BNT162b2) that contain nucleoside-modified messenger RNA that encodes immunogens derived from the spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2, formulated in lipid nanoparticles. BNT162b1 encodes a soluble, secreted trimerized receptor-binding domain (known as the RBD-foldon). BNT162b2 encodes the full-length transmembrane S glycoprotein, locked in its prefusion conformation by the substitution of two residues with proline (S(K986P/V987P); hereafter, S(P2) (also known as P2 S)). The flexibly tethered RBDs of the RBD-foldon bind to human ACE2 with high avidity. Approximately 20% of the S(P2) trimers are in the two-RBD 'down', one-RBD 'up' state. In mice, one intramuscular dose of either candidate vaccine elicits a dose-dependent antibody response with high virus-entry inhibition titres and strong T-helper-1 CD4+ and IFNγ+CD8+ T cell responses. Prime-boost vaccination of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with the BNT162b candidates elicits SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing geometric mean titres that are 8.2-18.2× that of a panel of SARS-CoV-2-convalescent human sera. The vaccine candidates protect macaques against challenge with SARS-CoV-2; in particular, BNT162b2 protects the lower respiratory tract against the presence of viral RNA and shows no evidence of disease enhancement. Both candidates are being evaluated in phase I trials in Germany and the USA1-3, and BNT162b2 is being evaluated in an ongoing global phase II/III trial (NCT04380701 and NCT04368728).
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MESH Headings
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- BNT162 Vaccine
- COVID-19/blood
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/therapy
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
- COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry
- COVID-19 Vaccines/genetics
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Internationality
- Macaca mulatta/immunology
- Macaca mulatta/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Multimerization
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Respiratory System/immunology
- Respiratory System/virology
- SARS-CoV-2/chemistry
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Solubility
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthew R Gutman
- VCA SouthPaws Veterinary Specialists and Emergency Center, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | - Shannan Hall-Ursone
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Brasky
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michal Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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5
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Kock M, Brückner S, Wozniak N, Maestre-Reyna M, Veelders M, Schlereth J, Mösch HU, Essen LO. Structural and Functional Characterization of PA14/Flo5-Like Adhesins From Komagataella pastoris. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2581. [PMID: 30425696 PMCID: PMC6218569 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell–cell and cell-substrate based adhesion of yeasts are major determinants of their adoption of different life styles. Genome-mining of ascomycetous GPI-anchored cell wall proteins with lectin-like PA14 domains identified a unique class of putative adhesins in the clade of methylotrophic Komagataella yeasts, many of which are known to colonize plants and insects involving yet unknown adhesion mechanisms. Here, we report the functional and structural analysis of two of its members: KpFlo1 (=Cea1), that is highly specific for terminal N-acetylglucosamine moieties, and KpFlo2, which represents an orphan lectin with intact binding site but unknown specificity. Crystal structures of the Cea1 adhesion domain complexed to N-acetylglucosamine and N,N′-diacetylchitobiose reveal a Ca2+-dependent binding mode that differs from other members of the PA14/Flo5 adhesin family. Heterologous expression of Cea1A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes cellular adhesion to non-reducing ends of non-crystalline chitin. Overall, our data suggest that high-affinity recognition of β-GlcNAc-capped glycans by Cea1 enable Komagataella species to interact with surface cues present in fungi and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kock
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Brückner
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nina Wozniak
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Maik Veelders
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schlereth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Mösch
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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6
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Abstract
The transcription factor VP30 of the non-segmented RNA negative strand Ebola virus balances viral transcription and replication. Here, we comprehensively studied RNA binding by VP30. Using a novel VP30:RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we tested truncated variants of 2 potential natural RNA substrates of VP30 - the genomic Ebola viral 3'-leader region and its complementary antigenomic counterpart (each ∼155 nt in length) - and a series of other non-viral RNAs. Based on oligonucleotide interference, the major VP30 binding region on the genomic 3'-leader substrate was assigned to the internal expanded single-stranded region (∼ nt 125-80). Best binding to VP30 was obtained with ssRNAs of optimally ∼ 40 nt and mixed base composition; underrepresentation of purines or pyrimidines was tolerated, but homopolymeric sequences impaired binding. A stem-loop structure, particularly at the 3'-end or positioned internally, supports stable binding to VP30. In contrast, dsRNA or RNAs exposing large internal loops flanked by entirely helical arms on both sides are not bound. Introduction of a 5´-Cap(0) structure impaired VP30 binding. Also, ssDNAs bind substantially weaker than isosequential ssRNAs and heparin competes with RNA for binding to VP30, indicating that ribose 2'-hydroxyls and electrostatic contacts of the phosphate groups contribute to the formation of VP30:RNA complexes. Our results indicate a rather relaxed RNA binding specificity of filoviral VP30, which largely differs from that of the functionally related transcription factor of the Paramyxoviridae which binds to ssRNAs as short as 13 nt with a preference for oligo(A) sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schlereth
- a Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- a Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - Nadine Biedenkopf
- b Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- b Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- a Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg , Germany
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7
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Hoch PG, Schlereth J, Lechner M, Hartmann RK. Bacillus subtilis 6S-2 RNA serves as a template for short transcripts in vivo. RNA 2016; 22:614-622. [PMID: 26873600 PMCID: PMC4793215 DOI: 10.1261/rna.055616.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The global transcriptional regulator 6S RNA is abundant in a broad range of bacteria. The RNA competes with DNA promoters for binding to the housekeeping RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme. When bound to RNAP, 6S RNA serves as a transcription template for RNAP in an RNA-dependent RNA polymerization reaction. The resulting short RNA transcripts (so-called product RNAs = pRNAs) can induce a stable structural rearrangement of 6S RNA when reaching a certain length. This rearrangement leads to the release of RNAP and thus the recovery of transcription at DNA promoters. While most bacteria express a single 6S RNA, some harbor a second 6S RNA homolog (termed 6S-2 RNA in Bacillus subtilis). Bacillus subtilis 6S-2 RNA was recently shown to exhibit essentially all hallmark features of a bona fide 6S RNA in vitro, but evidence for the synthesis of 6S-2 RNA-derived pRNAs in vivo has been lacking so far. This raised the question of whether the block of RNAP by 6S-2 RNA might be lifted by a mechanism other than pRNA synthesis. However, here we demonstrate that 6S-2 RNA is able to serve as a template for pRNA synthesis in vivo. We verify this finding by using three independent approaches including a novel primer extension assay. Thus, we demonstrate the first example of an organism that expresses two distinct 6S RNAs that both exhibit all mechanistic features defined for this type of regulatory RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp G Hoch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schlereth
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Lechner
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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8
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Thomas M, Lange-Grünweller K, Hartmann D, Golde L, Schlereth J, Streng D, Aigner A, Grünweller A, Hartmann RK. Analysis of transcriptional regulation of the human miR-17-92 cluster; evidence for involvement of Pim-1. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12273-96. [PMID: 23749113 PMCID: PMC3709785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human polycistronic miRNA cluster miR-17-92 is frequently overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies and cancers. Its transcription is in part controlled by an E2F-regulated host gene promoter. An intronic A/T-rich region directly upstream of the miRNA coding region also contributes to cluster expression. Our deletion analysis of the A/T-rich region revealed a strong dependence on c-Myc binding to the functional E3 site. Yet, constructs lacking the 5′-proximal ~1.3 kb or 3′-distal ~0.1 kb of the 1.5 kb A/T-rich region still retained residual specific promoter activity, suggesting multiple transcription start sites (TSS) in this region. Furthermore, the protooncogenic kinase, Pim-1, its phosphorylation target HP1γ and c-Myc colocalize to the E3 region, as inferred from chromatin immunoprecipitation. Analysis of pri-miR-17-92 expression levels in K562 and HeLa cells revealed that silencing of E2F3, c-Myc or Pim-1 negatively affects cluster expression, with a synergistic effect caused by c-Myc/Pim-1 double knockdown in HeLa cells. Thus, we show, for the first time, that the protooncogene Pim-1 is part of the network that regulates transcription of the human miR-17-92 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Thomas
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; E-Mails: (M.T.); (K.L.-G.); (D.H.); (L.G.); (J.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Kerstin Lange-Grünweller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; E-Mails: (M.T.); (K.L.-G.); (D.H.); (L.G.); (J.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Dorothee Hartmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; E-Mails: (M.T.); (K.L.-G.); (D.H.); (L.G.); (J.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Lara Golde
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; E-Mails: (M.T.); (K.L.-G.); (D.H.); (L.G.); (J.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Julia Schlereth
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; E-Mails: (M.T.); (K.L.-G.); (D.H.); (L.G.); (J.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Dennis Streng
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; E-Mails: (M.T.); (K.L.-G.); (D.H.); (L.G.); (J.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Achim Aigner
- Medizinische Fakultät, Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinische Pharmakologie, Universität Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; E-Mail:
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; E-Mails: (M.T.); (K.L.-G.); (D.H.); (L.G.); (J.S.); (D.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.G.); (R.K.H.); Tel.: +49-6421-28-25553 (R.K.H.); Fax: +49-6421-28-25854 (R.K.H.)
| | - Roland K. Hartmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany; E-Mails: (M.T.); (K.L.-G.); (D.H.); (L.G.); (J.S.); (D.S.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.G.); (R.K.H.); Tel.: +49-6421-28-25553 (R.K.H.); Fax: +49-6421-28-25854 (R.K.H.)
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Thron JL, Allison WW, Alner GJ, Ambats I, Ayres DS, Balka LJ, Barr GD, Barrett WL, Benjamin D, Border PM, Brooks CB, Cobb JH, Cockerill DJ, Courant H, Dawson JW, Demuth DM, Edwards VW, Ewen B, Fields TH, Garcia-Garcia C, Giles RH, Giller GL, Goodman MC, Gray RN, Heilig SJ, Hill N, Hoftiezer JH, Jankowski DJ, Johns K, Kafka T, Kasahara SM, Kochocki J, Leeson W, Litchfield PJ, Longley NP, Lopez FV, Lowe MJ, Mann WA, Marshak ML, May EN, Maxam D, McMaster L, Milburn RH, Miller WH, Minor CP, Napier A, Oliver WP, Pearce GF, Perkins DH, Peterson EA, Price LE, Roback DM, Rosen DB, Ruddick K, Saitta B, Schmid DJ, Schlereth J, Schneps J, Shield PD, Shupe MA, Sundaralingam N, Thomson MA, Tupper LM, Villaume G. Search for magnetic monopoles with the Soudan 2 detector. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1992; 46:4846-4851. [PMID: 10014863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.46.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Derrick M, Fernandez E, Gan KK, Fries R, Hyman L, Kooijman P, Loos JS, Musgrave B, Price LE, Schlereth J, Sugano K, Weiss JM, Wood DE, Baranko G, Blockus D, Brabson B, Daigo M, Forden GE, Gray SW, Jung C, Neal H, Ogren H, Rust DR, Valdata-Nappi M, Akerlof C, Bonvicini G, Chapman J, Errede D, Harnew N, Kesten P, Kooijman S, Meyer DI, Nitz D, Rubin D, Seidl AA, Thun R, Trinko T, Willutzky M, Abachi S, Baringer P, Beltrami I, Bylsma BG, Koltick D, Loeffler FJ, Low EH, Mallik U, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Ng CR, Ong PP, Rangan LK, Shibata EI, Wilson AR, Cork B, Keller L, Va'vra J. Hadron production in e+e- annihilation at sqrt s =29 GeV. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1987; 35:2639-2649. [PMID: 9957977 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.35.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Derrick M, Gan KK, Kooijman P, Loos JS, Musgrave B, Price LE, Repond J, Schlereth J, Sugano K, Weiss JM, Wood DE, Baranko G, Blockus D, Brabson B, Brom JM, Gray SW, Jung C, Neal H, Ogren H, Rust DR, Valdata-Nappi M, Akerlof C, Bonvicini G, Chapman J, Errede D, Harnew N, Kesten P, Meyer DI, Nitz D, Seidl AA, Thun R, Trinko T, Willutzky M, Abachi S, Baringer P, Mallik U, Beltrami I, Bylsma BG, DeBonte R, Loeffler F, Low EH, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Ng CR, Rangan LK, Shibata EI, Cork B. Study of quark fragmentation in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV: Charged-particle multiplicity and single-particle rapidity distributions. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1986; 34:3304-3320. [PMID: 9957066 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.34.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Derrick M, Gan KK, Kooijman P, Loos JS, Musgrave B, Price LE, Schlereth J, Sugano K, Weiss JM, Wood DE, Blockus D, Brabson B, Gray SW, Jung C, Neal H, Ogren H, Rust DR, Valdata-Nappi M, Akerlof C, Bonvicini G, Chapman J, Errede D, Harnew N, Kesten P, Meyer DI, Nitz D, Seidl AA, Thun R, Trinko T, Willutzky M, Abachi S, Baringer P, Beltrami I, Bylsma BG, DeBonte R, Koltick D, Loeffler FJ, Low EH, Mallik U, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Ng CR, Rangan LK, Shibata EI, Cork B. Experimental study of the reactions e+e--->e+e- and e+e---> gamma gamma at 29 GeV. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1986; 34:3286-3303. [PMID: 9957065 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.34.3286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Jung C, Abachi S, Akerlof C, Baringer P, Beltrami I, Blockus D, Bonvicini G, Brabson B, Brom JM, Bylsma BG, Chapman J, Cork B, DeBonte R, Derrick M, Errede D, Gan KK, Gray SW, Guillaud J, Harnew N, Kesten P, Koltick D, Kooijman P, Loeffler FJ, Loos JS, Low EH, McIlwain RL, Meyer DI, Miller DH, Musgrave B, Neal H, Ng CR, Nitz D, Ogren H, Price LE, Rangan LK, Repond J, Rust DR, Schlereth J, Shibata EI, Sugano K, Thun R, Trinko T, Valdata-Nappi M, Weiss JM, Willutzky M, Wood DE. Measurement of the F-meson lifetime. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:1775-1778. [PMID: 10032772 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Baringer P, Abachi S, Akerlof C, Beltrami I, Blockus D, Bonvicini G, Brabson B, Brom JM, Bylsma BG, Chapman J, Cork B, DeBonte R, Derrick M, Daigo M, Errede D, Gan KK, Gray SW, Guillaud J, Harnew N, Jung C, Kesten P, Koltick D, Kooijman P, Loeffler FJ, Loos JS, Low EH, McIlwain RL, Meyer DI, Miller DH, Musgrave B, Neal H, Nitz D, Ng CR, Ogren H, Price LE, Rangan LK, Rust DR, Schlereth J, Seidl AA, Shibata EI, Sugano K, Thun R, Trinko T, Valdata-Nappi M, Weiss JM, Willutzky M, Wood DE. Lambda production in e+e- annihilations at 29 GeV: Comparison with Lund-model predictions. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:1346-1349. [PMID: 10032644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abachi S, Akerlof C, Baringer P, Beltrami I, Blockus D, Bonvicini G, Brabson B, Bylsma BG, Chapman J, Cork B, DeBonte R, Derrick M, Errede D, Gan KK, Gray SW, Harnew N, Jung C, Kesten P, Koltick D, Kooijman P, Loeffler FJ, Loos JS, Low EH, McIlwain RL, Meyer DI, Miller DH, Musgrave B, Neal H, Nitz D, Ng CR, Ogren H, Price LE, Rangan LK, Rust DR, Schlereth J, Seidl AA, Shibata EI, Sugano K, Thun R, Trinko T, Valdata-Nappi M, Weiss JM, Willutzky M, Wood DE. Upper limit on the tau-neutrino mass. Phys Rev Lett 1986; 56:1039-1042. [PMID: 10032552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.56.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Akerlof C, Baranko G, Baringer P, Beltrami I, Blockus D, Bonvicini G, Brabson B, Bylsma BG, Chapman J, Cork B, DeBonte R, Derrick M, Errede D, Fernandez E, Forden GE, Fries R, Gan KK, Gray SW, Harnew N, Hyman L, Jung C, Keller L, Kesten P, Koltick D, Kooijman P, Kooijman S, Loeffler FJ, Loos JS, Low EH, McIlwain RL, Meyer DI, Miller DH, Musgrave B, Neal H, Ng CR, Nitz D, Ogren H, Ong PP, Price LE, Rangan LK, Rubin D, Rust DR, Schlereth J, Seidl AA, Shibata EI, Sugano K, Thun R, Trinko T, Valdata-Nappi M, Va'vra J, Weiss JM, Willutzky M, Wilson RJ, Wood DE. Measurement of the topological branching fractions of the tau lepton. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 55:570-573. [PMID: 10032389 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.55.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Derrick M, Fernandez E, Fries R, Hyman L, Kooijman P, Loos JS, Musgrave B, Price LE, Schlereth J, Sugano K, Weiss JM, Wood DE, Baranko G, Baringer P, Blockus D, Brabson B, Forden GE, Gray SW, Jung C, Neal H, Ogren H, Rust DR, Valdata-Nappi M, Akerlof C, Bonvicini G, Chapman J, Errede D, Harnew N, Kesten P, Kooijman S, Meyer DI, Nitz D, Rubin D, Seidl AA, Thun R, Trinko T, Willutzky M, Beltrami I, Bylsma BG, DeBonte R, Koltick D, Gan KK, Loeffler FJ, Low EH, Mallik U, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Ng CR, Ong PP, Rangan LK, Shibata EI, Wilson AR, Cork B, Keller L, Va'vra J. Production of phi and F(1970)--> phi pi in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:2568-2571. [PMID: 10031379 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Derrick M, Fernandez E, Fries R, Hyman L, Kooijman P, Loos JS, Musgrave B, Price LE, Schlereth J, Sugano K, Weiss JM, Wood DE, Ahlen S, Baranko G, Baringer P, Blockus D, Brabson B, Daigo M, Forden GE, Gray SW, Guillaud J, Jung C, Neal H, Ogren H, Rust DR, Valdata-Nappi M, Akerlof C, Chapman J, Errede D, Harnew N, Kesten P, Kooijman S, Meyer DI, Nitz D, Rubin D, Seidl AA, Thun R, Trinko T, Willutzky M, Beltrami I, DeBonte R, Gan KK, Koltick D, Loeffler FJ, Mallik U, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Ng CR, Ong PP, Rangan LK, Shibata EI, Stevens R, Wilson RJ, Cork B, Keller L, Va'vra J. New results on the reaction e+e---> micro+ micro- at sqrt s =29 GeV. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1985; 31:2352-2355. [PMID: 9955967 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.31.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Beltrami I, Bylsma BG, DeBonte R, Gan KK, Koltick D, Loeffler FJ, Low EH, McIlwain RL, Miller DH, Ng CR, Ong PP, Rangan LK, Shibata EI, Wilson RJ, Derrick M, Fernandez E, Fries R, Hyman L, Kooijman P, Loos JS, Musgrave B, Price LE, Schlereth J, Sugano K, Weiss JM, Wood DE, Baranko G, Baringer P, Blockus D, Brabson B, Forden GE, Gray SW, Jung C, Neal H, Ogren H, Rust DR, Valdata-Nappi M, Akerlof C, Bonvicini G, Chapman J, Errede D, Harnew N, Kesten P, Kooijman S, Meyer DI, Nitz D, Rubin D, Seidl AA, Thun R, Trinko T, Willutzky W, Cork B, Keller L, Va'Vra J. Observation of tau -lepton decay to five charged particles. Phys Rev Lett 1985; 54:1775-1778. [PMID: 10031137 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.54.1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Bender D, Derrick M, Fernandez E, Fries R, Gieraltowski G, Hyman L, Jaeger K, Klem R, Kooijman P, Loos JS, LoPinto F, Musgrave B, Price LE, Schlereth J, Schreiner P, Singer R, Sugano K, Trinko T, Valdata-Nappi M, Ward C, Weiss JM, Ahlen S, Baranko G, Baringer P, Blockus D, Brabson B, Daigo M, Ems S, Forden GE, Gray SW, Guillaud J, Jung C, Neal H, Ogren H, Rust D, Smith P, Akerlof C, Chapman J, Errede D, Harnew N, Kesten P, Kooijman S, Meyer DI, Nitz D, Rubin D, Seidl AA, Thun R, Willutzky M, Beltrami I, DeBonte R, Gan KK, Koltick D, Loeffler F, Mallik U, McIlwain R, Miller DH, Ng CR, Ong PP, Rangan LK, Shibata EI, Stevens R, Wilson RJ, Wood DE, Cork B. Study of quark fragmentation in e+e- annihilation at 29 GeV: Global jet parameters and single-particle distributions. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1985; 31:1-16. [PMID: 9955502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.31.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Engler A, Keyes G, Kraemer RW, Tanaka M, Cho Y, Derrick M, Lissauer D, Miller RJ, Schlereth J, Smith RP. Study of the reactionsKL0p→Ks0p, Λπ+, Σ0π+, and Λπ+π0near 550 MeV/c. Int J Clin Exp Med 1978. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.18.3061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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