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Deng Y, Li Q, Svoboda KKH, Opperman LA, Ruest LB, Liu X. Gli1 + Periodontal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2024; 103:279-288. [PMID: 38284236 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231220915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in maintaining periodontium homeostasis and in tissue repair. However, little is known about how periodontal MSCs in vivo respond under periodontal disease conditions, posing a challenge for periodontium tissue regeneration. In this study, Gli1 was used as a periodontal MSC marker and combined with a Gli1-cre ERT2 mouse model for lineage tracing to investigate periodontal MSC fate in an induced periodontitis model. Our findings show significant changes in the number and contribution of Gli1+ MSCs within the inflamed periodontium. The number of Gli1+ MSCs that contributed to periodontal ligament homeostasis decreased in the periodontitis-induced teeth. While the proliferation of Gli1+ MSCs had no significant difference between the periodontitis and the control groups, more Gli1+ MSCs underwent apoptosis in diseased teeth. In addition, the number of Gli1+ MSCs for osteogenic differentiation decreased during the progression of periodontitis. Following tooth extraction, the contribution of Gli1+ MSCs to the tooth socket repair was significantly reduced in the periodontitis-induced teeth. Collectively, these findings indicate that the function of Gli1+ MSCs in periodontitis was compromised, including reduced contribution to periodontium homeostasis and impaired injury response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Q Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K K H Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L A Opperman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L B Ruest
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to polarize, differentiate, and form tubular dentin under certain conditions. However, the factors that initiate and regulate DPSC polarization and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Identification of the factors that control DPSC polarization is a prerequisite for tubular dentin regeneration. We recently developed a unique bioinspired 3-dimensional platform that is capable of deciphering the factors that initiate and modulate cell polarization. The bioinspired platform has a simple background and confines a single cell on each microisland of the platform; therefore, it is an effective tool to study DPSC polarization at the single-cell level. In this work, we explored the effects of biophysical factors (surface topography, microisland area, geometry, tubular size, and gravity) on single DPSC polarization. Our results demonstrated that nanofibrous architecture, microisland area, tubular size, and gravity participated in regulating DPSC polarization by influencing the formation of the DPSC process and relocation of the Golgi apparatus. Among these factors, nanofibrous architecture, tubular size, and appropriate microisland area were indispensable for initiating DPSC polarization, whereas gravity served as an auxiliary factor to the process of DPSC polarization. Meanwhile, microisland geometry had a limited effect on DPSC polarization. Collectively, this work provides information on DPSC polarization and paves the way for the development of new biomaterials for tubular dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K K H Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
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Herzog CR, Berzins DW, DenBesten P, Gregory RL, Hargreaves KM, Messer RLW, Mina M, Mooney MP, Paine ML, Phillips C, Presland RB, Quivey RG, Scannapieco FA, Sheridan JF, Svoboda KKH, Trackman PC, Walker MP, Walker SG, Wang CY, Hu JCC. Oral Sciences PhD Program Enrollment, Graduates, and Placement: 1994 to 2016. J Dent Res 2018; 97:483-491. [PMID: 29328868 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517749506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, dental schools in the United States have endured a significant faculty shortage. Studies have determined that the top 2 sources of dental faculty are advanced education programs and private practice. Those who have completed both DDS and PhD training are considered prime candidates for dental faculty positions. However, there is no national database to track those trainees and no evidence to indicate that they entered academia upon graduation. The objective of this study was to assess outcomes of dental school-affiliated oral sciences PhD program enrollment, graduates, and placement between 1994 and 2016. Using the American Dental Association annual survey of advanced dental education programs not accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation and data obtained from 22 oral sciences PhD programs, we assessed student demographics, enrollment, graduation, and placement. Based on the data provided by program directors, the average new enrollment was 33, and graduation was 26 per year. A total of 605 graduated; 39 did not complete; and 168 were still in training. Among those 605 graduates, 211 were faculty in U.S. academic institutions, and 77 were faculty in foreign institutions. Given that vacant budgeted full-time faculty positions averaged 257 per year during this period, graduates from those oral sciences PhD programs who entered academia in the United States would have filled 9 (3.6%) vacant faculty positions per year. Therefore, PhD programs have consistently generated only a small pipeline of dental school faculty. Better mentoring to retain talent in academia is necessary. Stronger support and creative funding plans are essential to sustain the PhD program. Furthermore, the oral sciences PhD program database should be established and maintained by dental professional organizations to allow assessments of training models, trends of enrollment, graduation, and placement outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Herzog
- 1 DDS Class of 2020, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D W Berzins
- 2 Graduate Program Director for Dental Biomaterials and Professor of General Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - P DenBesten
- 3 Professor, Department of Orofacial Sciences, and Director, Center for Children's Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R L Gregory
- 4 Associate Dean for Graduate Education, and Director, PhD Dental Science Program, School of Dentistry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K M Hargreaves
- 5 Professor and Chair, Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R L W Messer
- 6 Program Director of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M Mina
- 7 Professor and Chair, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M P Mooney
- 8 Professor and Chair, Department of Oral Biology, and Director, Oral Biology Graduate Program, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M L Paine
- 9 Professor of Dentistry, Director of the Graduate Program in Craniofacial Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Phillips
- 10 Associate Dean, Advanced Dental Education and Graduate Studies, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R B Presland
- 11 Associate Professor and Director, Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R G Quivey
- 12 Director, Center for Oral Biology, and Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - F A Scannapieco
- 13 Professor and Chair, Department of Oral Biology, and Associate Dean for Faculty and Professional Development, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J F Sheridan
- 14 Professor of Biosciences, OSU College of Dentistry, and Associate Director, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - K K H Svoboda
- 15 Regents Professor, Oral Biology Graduate Program Director, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - P C Trackman
- 16 Professor, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Director of Graduate Programs, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M P Walker
- 17 Professor and Associate Dean for Research and Graduate Programs, and Director, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Graduate Programs, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S G Walker
- 18 Associate Professor and Graduate Program Director, Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - C Y Wang
- 19 Professor and Associate Dean for Graduate Studies, Chair of the Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J C C Hu
- 20 Professor, Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, and Director of Oral Health Sciences PhD Program, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) on apical surfaces of palatal medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells were necessary for palatal adhesion. In this study, we identified 2 proteoglycans, biglycan and decorin, that were expressed in the palatal shelves prior to adhesion. In addition, we established that these proteoglycans were dependent on transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. Laser capture microdissection was used to collect selected palatal epithelial cells from embryonic mouse embryos at various palate development stages. The expression of specific messenger RNA (mRNA) for biglycan and decorin was determined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The TGFβrI kinase inhibitor (SB431542) was used in palatal organ cultures to determine if blocking TFGβ signaling changed biglycan and decorin distribution. Immunohistochemistry of both biglycan and decorin revealed expression on the apical and lateral surfaces of MEE cells. Biglycan protein and mRNA levels peaked as the palatal shelves adhered. Decorin was less abundant on the apical epithelial surface and also had reduced mRNA levels compared to biglycan. Their proteins were not expressed on MEE cells of palates treated with SB431542, an inhibitor of TGFβ signaling. The temporal expression of biglycan and decorin on the apical surface of MEE, combined with the evidence that these proteins were regulated through the TGFβ pathway, indicated that they may be important for adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ibrahim
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - M J Serrano
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - L B Ruest
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - K K H Svoboda
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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