[Efficacy of rituximab therapy for 10 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus with intestinal involvement]

We retrospectively analyzed therapy efficacy and the adverse reactions of 10 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with intestinal involvement treated with rituximab (RTX). Patients were hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to January 2023. Among the 10 patients, two were men and eight were women. The age of the cohort was (41.9±8.8) years. The age at disease onset was (28.8±9.2) years. The total course of the SLE diagnosis was(109.6±59.9) months. The course of the diagnosis of SLE with intestinal involvement was (89.3±50.2) months. The time from the appearance of intestinal symptoms to the diagnosis of SLE with intestinal involvement was 1.5 (1.0,8.0) months. The time from the diagnosis of SLE with intestinal involvement to RTX use was 13.0 (1.0,46.3) months. Follow-up duration after application of RTX treatment was (55.3±28.4) months. There were five cases of abdominal pain, four cases of abdominal distension, nine cases of diarrhea, three cases of nervous-system involvement, nine cases of lupus nephritis, and seven cases of serositis. All 10 patients underwent computed tomography and radiology of the abdomen. Eight patients had intestinal-wall edema, seven suffered intestinal dilation, four had target signs, three suffered congestion of mesenteric blood vessels, eight had increased mesenteric-fat density, and six had false intestinal obstruction. All 10 patients showed a low level of complement C3 (250-750 mg/L). Nine cases showed a low level of complement C4 (10-90 mg/L). The SLE disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) at baseline in 10 patients was 20.5 (17.8, 30.0). After receiving RTX (0.5 g: day 1, day 14, or 375 mg/m2: day 1, day 14) induction treatment, the intestinal symptoms of 10 cases were relieved completely. Four patients had adverse reactions, of which three received a high-dose glucocorticoid combined with RTX treatment simultaneously. Adverse reactions manifested mainly as a reduced level of IgG and infection with herpes simplex virus in one case, reduced level of IgG and lung infection in one patient, lung infection in one case, and reduced IgG level in one patient. RTX may an efficacious treatment strategy for patients suffering from refractory SLE with intestinal involvement.

[Efficacy and safety of half-dose rituximab in the treatment of 23 cases with lupus nephritis]

The study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of 23 cases of lupus nephritis and explore the prospect of half-dose rituximab in lupus nephritis treatment. Twenty-three patients with lupus nephritis hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from May 2013 to December 2021 were selected. Eighteen patients received rituximab 375 mg/m² on the first and 14th days, 5 patients received 500 mg of rituximab on the first and 14th days, and rituximab was used as needed 6 months later. Methylprednisolone (80-120 mg) was given together with rituximab. Afterward, 1 mg/kg prednisone was used for 4 weeks, which was progressively tapered to maintenance doses or discontinued. B lymphocyte level, renal function, 24-h urine protein level, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI2K) score before and after treatment were recorded. The efficacy and adverse reactions were analyzed. The results showed that 11 patients suffered from renal insufficiency [creatinine (162.7±58.6) μmol/L ] at baseline, while the creatinine level of 9 patients returned to normal 12 months after the treatment [ (66.3±10.1)μmol/L ]. Normal renal function of the other 12 patients was maintained during treatment. After 12 months, the 24-h urine protein level decreased from 4.00 (2.00,6.80) g in the baseline period to 0.10 (0.08,0.40) g. SLEDAI2K score decreased from 22 (18,26) in the baseline period to 3 (0,6) 12 months after the treatment. The B lymphocyte level reached 0.00 (0.00,0.01)% at 3 months. Of 23 patients, 13 patients achieved complete remission, and 7 patients achieved partial remission after 6 months of rituximab treatment. Five patients experienced adverse reactions related to rituximab, including 1 case of transfusion reaction, 1 case of perioral herpes with pulmonary infection, and 3 cases of decreased IgG levels. Therefore, rituximab regimen used in this study can be an effective treatment strategy for lupus nephritis.

Selenylation to charge transfer improvement at the counter electrode (CE)/electrolyte interface for nanocrystalline Cu1.8S1-xSex CEs

Pt counter electrodes (CEs) have been widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) due to their high conductivity and electrocatalytic activity. However, industrialization of DSSCs is limited by shortcomings of Pt CEs such as being expensive, and weak corrosion resistance in electrolytes. Reported in this paper is two simple approaches to Pt-free Cu_1.8S_1-xSe_x CEs. Nanocrystalline Cu_1.8S_1-xSe_x CEs were fabricated via two processes, that is, a solvothermal process to Cu_1.8S_1-xSe_x powder followed by CE fabrication, and a solvothermal process and CE fabrication to Cu_1.8S films followed by selenylation to Cu_1.8S_1-xSe_x CEs. Photoelectric conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 4.02% and 4.16% were achieved respectively by the as-fabricated Cu_1.8S_1-xSe_x CEs. Compared with the cells with Cu_1.8S CEs fabricated by the same processes, increases of 19% and 45% were achieved, respectively. The PCE improvement comes from the enhancement of charge transfer at the CE/electrolyte interface induced by the selenylation of the CEs.

[The prediction of disease progression by 18Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission computed tomography/CT in patients with dermatomyositis and interstitial lung disease]

To investigate the predictive value of [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission computed tomography(PET)/CT for disease progression in patients with dermatomyositis (DM) and interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Sixty-seven DM patients who underwent [¹⁸F] FDG-PET/CT imaging were retrospectively analyzed from January 2012 to September 2017 at PLA General Hospital. Their clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics were recorded. Compared with those chronically progressed (C-ILD), patients with rapid progression (RP-ILD) had significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and standardized uptake value (SUV) in lungs (P<0.05). In patients with RP-ILD, SUV in lungs was positively correlated with age, disease course, and ESR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that when lung SUV cut off value was 2.25, the sensitivity and specificity to predict disease progression was 77.8% and 72.8%, respectively. Old age, longer disease course, low creatine kinase level, higher ESR, and high SUV are prognostic factors for DM-associated ILD.

[The 478 th case: multiple myalgia with intramuscular nodules]

A 28-year-old man was admitted to the first medical center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital because of multiple myalgia and intramuscular nodules for more than 2 months. The patient complained of dysphagia, fever and weight loss 2 months ago. Magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy revealed nodular fasciitis. Inflammatory indicators including C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet count and fibrinogen were slightly elevated. Urine occult blood was positive. Abdominal ultrasound revealed left hydronephrosis. Because nodular fasciitis could not explain the whole situation, a needle biopsy of intramuscular nodules was performed. Pathological examination revealed intramuscular metastatic adenocarcinoma with poor differentiation. Gastric endoscope and positron emission tomography-computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of advanced gastric adenocarcinoma with extensive metastases of esophagus, lymph nodes, muscles, ureter and bone. Although chemotherapy was given, the patient died of disease progression six months later.

[Clinical analysis of nose rhabdomyosarcoma]

Objective:To improve the diagnosis of the nose rhabdomyosarcoma.Method:Twenty-four patients with nose rhabdomyosarcoma were studied retrospectively.Result:Among 24 patients with nose rhabdomyosarcoma, three patients were in stage Ⅰ, four patients were in stage Ⅱ, eleven patients were in stage Ⅲ, and six patients were in stage Ⅳ. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the commonest in all the pathological types. Most patients need comprehensive therapy, including surgery operation, radiotherapy, and multicycle chemotherapy. Prognosis was poor in most of the cases. The survival rate of one year was 70.8% (17/24), and survival rate of three years was 30.3% (8/24).Conclusion:Different surgical protocols should be adopted for different patients, and postoperative chemoradiotherapy should be adopted for advanced treatment. By means of multidisciplinary collaboration, the patient's survival time would be prolonged.

[Comparison of clinical manifestations according to HLA-B(27) genotype in ankylosing spondylitis patients: real-world evidence from smart management system for spondyloarthritis]

Objective: The aim of this study was to set up a large, longitudinal and prospective database to compare the clinical manifestations in human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B(27) positive and negative patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS) based on real-world evidence in Chinese population. Methods: A total of 897 outpatients with confirmed AS were recruited consecutively by smart management system for spondyloarthritis (SMSP) from April 13, 2016 to June 6, 2017 in Chinese PLA General Hospital from 30 provinces and autonomous regions. 801 patients with HLA-B(27) data were included in the analysis. Demographic and clinical parameters including Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS), arthritis, enthesitis, Bath ankylosing spondylitis metrology index (BASMI), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between HLA-B(27) positive and negative groups. Results: A total of 801 patients were included in the analysis with an average age of (30.7±8.8) years. There were 659 males and 142 females and HLA-B(27) was present in 88.0%(705/801). Males were significantly more in HLA-B(27) positive patients [83.3%(587/705) vs. 75.0%(72/96); P=0.047].The average age at disease onset was (22.3±7.6)years in HLA-B(27) positive patients and (24.4±8.7) years in HLA-B(2)7 negative ones (P=0.028).There was significant difference in diagnose delay between two groups [14.3(2.5,43.6)months in HLA-B(27) positive patients vs. 20.3(5.0,67.4) months in HLA-B(27) negative ones, P=0.041]. Anterior uveitis was found to be significantly more common in HLA-B(27) positive patients [18.9% (133/705)vs.7.3%(7/96),P=0.005], and knee involvement less common in HLA-B(27) positive patients [4.0%(27/682) vs.10.0%(9/90), P=0.010], conversely. CRP[6.5(3.0, 16.4)mg/L vs. 3.5(1.6, 12.3)mg/L] and ESR[11.0(4.0, 24.0)mm/1h vs. 7.0(3.0, 16.0)mm/1h] were significantly higher in HLA-B(27) positive patients(P=0.005,0.013, respectively).But no differences in BASDAI,ASDAS,BASFI and BASMI were obtained between two groups. Conclusions: HLA-B(27) positive patients had a higher proportion of males, a younger age of onset and a greater risk for occurrence of anterior uveitis, suggesting a poorer prognosis.

[Comparative study of different grading criteria of sacroiliac joint computed tomogrphy in ankylosing spondylitis]

Objective: To assess the value of different grading criteria of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) computed tomogrphy (CT) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Patients who had received SIJ CT examinations from June 2012 to December 2015 were enrolled.The CT scans were read by one rheumatologist.The difference between patients with sacroiliitis or without sacroiliitis was compared.The 1984 revision of modified New York (mNY) criteria, the criteria established by Lee (Lee criteria) and the Innsbruck criteria were used to evaluate SIJs on CT in patients with sacroiliitis. Results: Totally 2 714 patients were enrolled in this study.Thereinto 509 patients including 324 male and 185 female were detected with SIJs abnormality.The proportions of SIJs graded 3 or 4 by these three criteria were 79.37%, 82.91% and 76.32%, respectively.The consistency of grading between mNY criteria and Lee criteria was good (k=0.767, P<0.01). The correlation between Innsbruck criteria and other two criteria were satisfactory (r=0.866 and 0.839, respectively). There were more SIJs graded 3 by Lee criteria (64.44%), comparing with mNY criteria (60.90%). Forty five SIJs graded 1-3 by mNY criteria were graded 0 by Lee criteria, indicating that the latter criteria may have a better specificity. When evaluating the severity of SIJs, Innsbruck criteria has a better discrimination capability and the proportions of SIJs graded Ⅱ (A) to Ⅳ (B) were 10.71%, 8.94%, 26.82%, 20.92%, 10.12%, respectively. Conclusions: Lee criteria has a better diagnostic specificity with a reduction of difficulty in assessing procedure, while Innsbruck criteria is a more detailed grading system with a possibility to reflect the development of sacroiliitis.

[Septic arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective analysis of 6 cases]

Base on the clinical characteristics of septic arthritis in a group of systemic lupus erythematosus patients, this study has found out that high systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index, leucopenia, high cumulative dose of glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone intravenous pulse therapy and joint cavity puncture were closely correlated with septic arthritis. Once septic arthritis is suspected, culture specimens should be collected and appropriate antibiotics are suggested immediately. Also, surgical drainage is a very useful approach.

[A preliminary exploration of low-dose semicoronal CT of the sacroiliac joints in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the clinical value of low-dose semicoronal computerized tomography (CT) of sacroiliac joints (SIJ) in the early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

METHODS

Patients who were diagnosed with AS and had received axial CT examination of SIJs over the past 2 years were recruited. All of them simultaneously underwent a low-dose semicoronal CT of SIJs. The clinical data were recorded. Radiation dose was compared between low-dose CT and the previous conventional axial CT. Image quality of low-dose CT was assessed and correlation between image quality and weight or body mass index (BMI) was analyzed. CT images of the two groups were graded by modified New York criteria, the Lee criteria and the Innsbruck criteria. The kappa coefficient was used to assess the consistency of grading between the two groups.

RESULTS

Thirty-three patients were enrolled in this study. The effective dose (ED) of semicoronal SIJ CT was 3.37 mSv which was 49% lower than conventional axial CT (6.56 mSv). Lower dose had the potential protection of gonads. The quality of images in male patients with BMI<25 kg/m(2) and all female patients were good or excellent. There was a significant negative correlation between image quality and BMI (r=-0.746, P=0.000; r=-0.784, P=0.000; respectively). All patients were diagnosed as sacroiliitis by modified New York criteria and the grading of two groups was consistent. The consistency of grading between two groups was satisfactory no matter which classification criteria was used. (k=0.897 with Lee criteria; k=0.814 with Innsbruck criteria; P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The radiation dose of semicoronal SIJ CT is significantly lower than that of the conventional axial CT with comparable efficacy of diagnosis.

Segment-specific targeting via RNA interference mediates down-regulation of OPN expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in the metastasis and recurrence of tumors after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the down-regulation effect on OPN expression in HCC cells of RNA interference (RNAi) molecules designed to target different segments of OPN was investigated to identify a more effective site for OPN knockdown. Specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs A, B, and C) of OPN were synthesized and transfected into an HCC cell line (HEP-G2; representing the OPNi-A, OPNi-B, and OPNi-C groups). Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of OPN before and after RNAi. Results showed that after transfection, the fluorescence intensity of the OPNi-A group was greater than those of the OPNi-B and OPNi-C groups. After 48 h of transfection, the ΔCT values of OPN mRNA expression in the OPNi-A-C groups increased from 8.31 ± 1.58, 8.78 ± 1.49, and 8.25 ± 1.51 to 12.14 ± 1.43, 10.22 ± 1.97, and 10.48 ± 1.88, respectively (P < 0.05), and the OPN protein levels (immunohistochemistry scores) decreased from 6.44 ± 1.67, 5.43 ± 2.05, and 5.45 ± 2.52 to 2.84 ± 1.52, 4.43 ± 1.65, and 3.95 ± 1.43 points, respectively. These results indicated that RNAi based on different segments of the OPN gene had different down-regulatory effects on OPN expression. Synthesis of targeted siRNA aimed at specific OPN segments might have important significance for dealing with the invasiveness and metastasis of HCC cells.

[Prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among infants in Chongqing urban area]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among infants in Chongqing urban area, and to provide a basis for early intervention in cases of childhood obesity.

METHODS

A total of 2139 infants aged one month were selected by stratified cluster sampling. They underwent growth monitoring and evaluation at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after birth. Meanwhile, related factors were investigated using a standardized questionnaire. The data was subjected to multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for overweight and obesity among infants aged 18 months.

RESULTS

The detection rate of overweight and obesity increased rapidly after birth, reaching 26.04% at six months, and then decreased gradually, reaching 15.89% at 18 months. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed nine variable factors that were significantly correlated with overweight and obesity among infants aged 18 months, including nutritional status of the father, nutritional status of the infants at birth and at 6, 9 and 12 months after birth, feeding patterns at 3 months, frequency of vegetable intake at 12 months, frequency of sweet beverage addition at 18 months, and bedtime at 18 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Overweight and obesity are prevalent among infants in Chongqing urban area, and these conditions are affected by multiple factors. Early comprehensive intervention is recommended to curb prevalence.

Analyses of n-alkanes degrading community dynamics of a high-temperature methanogenic consortium enriched from production water of a petroleum reservoir by a combination of molecular techniques

Despite the knowledge on anaerobic degradation of hydrocarbons and signature metabolites in the oil reservoirs, little is known about the functioning microbes and the related biochemical pathways involved, especially about the methanogenic communities. In the present study, a methanogenic consortium enriched from high-temperature oil reservoir production water and incubated at 55 °C with a mixture of long chain n-alkanes (C(15)-C(20)) as the sole carbon and energy sources was characterized. Biodegradation of n-alkanes was observed as methane production in the alkanes-amended methanogenic enrichment reached 141.47 μmol above the controls after 749 days of incubation, corresponding to 17 % of the theoretical total. GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of putative downstream metabolites probably from the anaerobic biodegradation of n-alkanes and indicating an incomplete conversion of the n-alkanes to methane. Enrichment cultures taken at different incubation times were subjected to microbial community analysis. Both 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and DGGE profiles showed that alkanes-degrading community was dynamic during incubation. The dominant bacterial species in the enrichment cultures were affiliated with Firmicutes members clustering with thermophilic syntrophic bacteria of the genera Moorella sp. and Gelria sp. Other represented within the bacterial community were members of the Leptospiraceae, Thermodesulfobiaceae, Thermotogaceae, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes and Candidate Division OP1. The archaeal community was predominantly represented by members of the phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Corresponding sequences within the Euryarchaeota were associated with methanogens clustering with orders Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales and Methanobacteriales. On the other hand, PCR amplification for detection of functional genes encoding the alkylsuccinate synthase α-subunit (assA) was positive in the enrichment cultures. Moreover, the appearance of a new assA gene sequence identified in day 749 supported the establishment of a functioning microbial species in the enrichment. Our results indicate that n-alkanes are converted to methane slowly by a microbial community enriched from oilfield production water and fumarate addition is most likely the initial activation step of n-alkanes degradation under thermophilic methanogenic conditions.

Studies of chemical interferences in an inductively coupled plasma using moment analysis of space-resolved emission profiles

Interelement effects induced by sodium, aluminum, and phosphate ion on calcium and magnesium emission were studied with a two-channel spectrometer that could record spatially resolved emission profiles of an atom line and an ion line simultaneously. The statistical moments of the digitized emission profiles were calculated and were employed for rate-constant estimation using our previously established theory. Interelement effects are results of interferences in the analyte atomization, ionization, and/or recombination steps. Characteristic changes will be induced in the emission profiles by each of these interferences. These changes can be characterized by the statistical moments of the corresponding profiles. Therefore, by investigating variations in the rate constants caused by the specific concomitant, one may better understand the analyte atomization-excitation mechanisms. Sodium enhances the atomic emission of both calcium and magnesium but has little effect on their ionic emission. Based on the trends of variation in the rate constants, the atomic signal enhancement seems to be attributed more to the facilitation of analyte atomization rather than to the shift of ionization equilibrium. Aluminum and phosphate ion appear not to induce significant interferences on either elements.

Liposomal uptake of microcrystalline benzo(a)pyrene studied with synchronous fluorescence

Synchronous fluorescence spectrometry is employed for kinetic studies of benzo(a)pyrene uptake by phospholipid bilayers. It provides several advantages over the conventional mode. These include less background interferences, higher sensitivity, and relatively independent of dynamic quenching by paramagnetic ions. The rate limiting step in benzo(a)pyrene uptake appears to be a first order process not controlled by diffusion. Signal enhancement upon successive increments of liposomes decreases as if it is dependent on the number of free microcrystals in solution.

Acoustic characteristics of speech produced without oral sensation

The acoustic characteristics of continuous speech produced by an adult male talker with and without oral (nerve block) anesthesia were investigated using digital speech processing procedures. Vowel-to-consonant ratios, long-time and short-time spectra, fundamental frequency distributions, phonation-time ratios, and rate of utterances were calculated and compared for the normal and anesthetized conditions. The results showed that the speech produced without oral sensation was characterized by a reduction and shift of high-frequency energy, temporal disorganization primarily manifested as prolongation of utterance, and higher and more variable fundamental frequencies. The study also demonstrated applicability of computer techniques on general acoustic analysis of continuous speech.

Tone 3 in Pekinese

This article treats the problem of tone sandhi in Pekinese phonology in terms of a perception experiment. The various shapes of tone 3 in different environments are illustrated by the use of spectrograms. The issue is whether the tone sequence 3–3 is homophonous with the sequence 2–3. There were 130 pairs of test items. The two members of each pair share the same phonological features except that of pitch contour. In other words, one member carries the tone sequence 2–3 while the other carries 3–3. Each test item was given twice, thus yielding a total of 520 items arranged in random order on a reading list from which tape recordings were made. Upon hearing an item on the tape, a subject is required to identify from each pair of 2–3 and 3–3 test items the member he hears. Should there be a phonemic distinction between the two types of tone sequences, a native speaker should have no difficulty in perceiving them as distinct. Then, it would be expected that the subjects could identify correctly in most cases, and that their responses should be reinforced by other phonetic properties and unbiased by semantic plausibility. However, the results of this experiment led to the opposite conclusion.