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Geochemistry of the Long Island Sound Estuary. SPRINGER SERIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6126-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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The distribution of cobalt, nickel, and silver in ocean water profiles around Pacific Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jz070i022p05519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Editors' Note Each year, the editorial board invites a distinguished member of the oceanographic community to contribute a prefatory chapter; this year, we were delighted when Karl Turekian, Sterling Professor of Geology and Geophysics at Yale, accepted our invitation. Over the course of a long and productive career, Dr. Turekian has pursued his interests in marine and atmospheric geochemistry by using natural radioactive and radiogenic isotopes to study Earth's evolution and the impacts of global change. He has also directed both the Center for the Study of Global Change at Yale and the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies. In this interview, conducted by his former student Kirk Cochran, Dr. Turekian tells the story of his early career and discusses some of the major scientific challenges and opportunities faced along the way. His personal account of the rise of geochemistry is a charming story of how chance events and personalities impact scientific careers. His technical insight into the future of this field is illuminating, particularly for scientific outsiders who appreciate the central role of geochemistry in discerning and understanding patterns of global change. –Craig A. Carlson and Stephen J. Giovannoni, Editors
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Estimation of continental Os/Os values by using Os/Os and Nd/Nd ratios in marine manganese nodules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 81:8032-4. [PMID: 16578780 PMCID: PMC392288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.8032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between (187)Os/(186)Os and (143)Nd/(144)Nd in different manganese nodule fields is used to determine the (187)Os/(186)Os ratio of the continental terrains bounding the major ocean basins. The Atlantic Ocean drainages yield (187)Os/(186)Os of about 11; the Pacific Ocean, between 25 and 36; and the western Indian Ocean, 20. By assuming a two-component continental crust composed of "ultramafic rocks" (high Os concentration, low (187)Os/(186)Os) and "granite" with only radiogenic (187)Os produced in accessory Re-bearing molybdenite, the ultramafic contribution to weathering is about 0.2%. Some or most of this may come from the alteration of oceanic ultramafics.
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Flow rates and reaction rates in the Galapagos Rise spreading center hydrothermal system as inferred from Ra/Ra in vesicomyid clam shells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 83:6241-4. [PMID: 16593746 PMCID: PMC386478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratios in a previously dated vesicomyid clam shell were used to determine that seawater was in contact with mid-oceanic-ridge basalt glass for 22-45 years prior to arrival to the surface at 350 degrees C at the Galapagos Rise Spreading Center. The minimum rate of reaction for the 45-year sojourn time, based on a water/rock ratio of 2.8 derived from (226)Ra concentrations, is 8 g of basalt altered per kg of seawater per year.
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Marine phosphate oxygen isotopes and organic matter remineralization in the oceans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:13023-8. [PMID: 16141319 PMCID: PMC1201620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506455102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that the isotopic composition of oxygen (delta18O) in dissolved inorganic phosphate (Pi) reveals the balance between Pi transport and biological turnover rates in marine ecosystems. Our delta18Op of Pi (delta18Op) measurements herein indicate the importance of cell lysis in the regeneration of Pi in the euphotic zone. Depth profiles of the delta18Op in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans are near a temperature-dependent isotopic equilibrium with water. Small deviations from equilibrium below the thermocline suggest that P remineralization in the deep ocean is a byproduct of microbial carbon and energy requirements. However, isotope effects associated with phosphohydrolase enzymes involved in P remineralization are quite large and could potentially lead to significant disequilibration of Pi oxygen. The observed near equilibration of deep water Pi likely calls for continued slow rates of microbial uptake and release of Pi and/or extracellular pyrophosphatase-mediated oxygen exchange between water and Pi along the deep water flow path.
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Obituary: Harmon Craig (1926-2003). Nature 2003; 423:701. [PMID: 12802321 DOI: 10.1038/423701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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The214Bi to214Pb ratio in lower boundary layer aerosols and aerosol residence times at New Haven, Connecticut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Transport and residence times of tropospheric aerosols inferred from a global three-dimensional simulation of210Pb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sources of nitrate and ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical north Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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210Pb and137Cs in air and soils measure the rate and vertical profile of aerosol scavenging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id13p14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
As a result of the radioactive decay of rhenium-187 (4.6 x 10(10) years) the osmium-187/osmium-186 ratio changes in planetary systems as a function of time and the rhenium-187/osmium-186 ratio. For a value of the rhenium-187/osmium-186 ratio of about 3.2, typical of meteorites and the earth's mantle, the present-day osmium-187/osmium-186 ratio is about 1. The earth's continental crust has an estimated rhenium-187/osmium-186 ratio of about 400, so that for a mean age of the continent of 2 x 10(9) years, a present-day osmium-187/osmium-186 ratio of about 10 is expected. Marine manganese nodules show values (6 to 8.4) compatible with this expectation if allowance for a 25 percent mantle osmium supply to the oceans is allowed. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary iridium-rich layer in the marine section at Stevns Klint, Denmark, yields an osmium-187/osmium-186 ratio of 1.65, and the one in a continental section in the Raton Basin, Colorado, is 1.29. The simplest explanation is that these represent osmium imprints of predominantly meteoritic origin.
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Abstract
The shell of a 19-centimeter-long vesicomyid clam, collected live at the Galápagos spreading center hydrothermal field, was sampled along growth lines and analyzed for members of the (238)U and (232)Th decay series. The growth rate, determined from the (210)Po/(210)Pb and (228)Th/(228)Ra couples, is about 4 centimeters per year along the axis of maximum growth, which is 12 centimeters long. This yields an age of 3 to 4 years for this clam.
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Abstract
The age of a deep-sea clam, Tindaria callistiformis, from 3803 m depth has been determined by 228Ra (6.7 year half-life) chronology of separated size fractions of a captured population. A length of 8.4 mm is attained in about 100 years. Shells of this size fraction show about 100 regularly spaced bands, indicating that the growth feature may be an annual one.
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Deposition of Molybdenum and Uranium along the Major Ocean Ridge Systems. Nature 1971; 229:250-1. [PMID: 16059182 DOI: 10.1038/229250a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/1970] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
A neuttron activation scheme for determining 25 elements in lunar samples weighing 20 milligrams is described and applied to a suite of Apollo 11 lunar materials. Concentrations of titanium, chromium, scandium, tantalum, hafnium, and rare earths are higher than in avercage basalt, whereas cobalt, nickel, and copper are lower. Chemical variations show groupings of elements possibly associated with the major phases, pyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite. The high concentration of "refractory oxides" and low volatile content implies that the raw material for the Apollo 11 samples was condensed from the primitive solar nebula at high temperatures.
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Concentrations of chromium, silver, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, and manganese in suspended material in streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 1967; 1:940-942. [PMID: 22148411 DOI: 10.1021/es60011a001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Abstract
Recent deep-sea sediments, leached of carbonate, have Sr(87) Sr(86) ratios ranging from 0.7044 to 0.7394. Strontium in the detrital sediment has not equilibrated isotopically with seawater strontium. Amounts of strontium-bearing authigenic material in the clay-mineral assemblage are not great enough to mask strontium-isotope ratios inherited from source areas.
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Abstract
Three South Atlantic deep sea cores have been dated by the carbon-14 technique, and rates of accumulation of clay and calcium carbonate have been determined. The highest eupelagic clay rates for the Atlantic found to date are in the Argentine Basin, and the lowest are on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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Additional Trace Element Analyses of Standard Granite G-1 and Standard Diabase W-1. Science 1957. [DOI: 10.1126/science.126.3277.745-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Strontium Content of Human Bones. Science 1956. [DOI: 10.1126/science.124.3218.405-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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