1
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Drexler R, Khatri R, Sauvigny T, Mohme M, Maire CL, Ryba A, Zghaibeh Y, Dührsen L, Salviano-Silva A, Lamszus K, Westphal M, Gempt J, Wefers AK, Neumann JE, Bode H, Hausmann F, Huber TB, Bonn S, Jütten K, Delev D, Weber KJ, Harter PN, Onken J, Vajkoczy P, Capper D, Wiestler B, Weller M, Snijder B, Buck A, Weiss T, Göller PC, Sahm F, Menstel JA, Zimmer DN, Keough MB, Ni L, Monje M, Silverbush D, Hovestadt V, Suvà ML, Krishna S, Hervey-Jumper SL, Schüller U, Heiland DH, Hänzelmann S, Ricklefs FL. A prognostic neural epigenetic signature in high-grade glioma. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-02969-w. [PMID: 38760585 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Neural-tumor interactions drive glioma growth as evidenced in preclinical models, but clinical validation is limited. We present an epigenetically defined neural signature of glioblastoma that independently predicts patients' survival. We use reference signatures of neural cells to deconvolve tumor DNA and classify samples into low- or high-neural tumors. High-neural glioblastomas exhibit hypomethylated CpG sites and upregulation of genes associated with synaptic integration. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a high abundance of malignant stemcell-like cells in high-neural glioblastoma, primarily of the neural lineage. These cells are further classified as neural-progenitor-cell-like, astrocyte-like and oligodendrocyte-progenitor-like, alongside oligodendrocytes and excitatory neurons. In line with these findings, high-neural glioblastoma cells engender neuron-to-glioma synapse formation in vitro and in vivo and show an unfavorable survival after xenografting. In patients, a high-neural signature is associated with decreased overall and progression-free survival. High-neural tumors also exhibit increased functional connectivity in magnetencephalography and resting-state magnet resonance imaging and can be detected via DNA analytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients' plasma. The prognostic importance of the neural signature was further validated in patients diagnosed with diffuse midline glioma. Our study presents an epigenetically defined malignant neural signature in high-grade gliomas that is prognostically relevant. High-neural gliomas likely require a maximized surgical resection approach for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Drexler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robin Khatri
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Sauvigny
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecile L Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alice Ryba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yahya Zghaibeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Dührsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amanda Salviano-Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika K Wefers
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia E Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helena Bode
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hausmann
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jütten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Delev
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Onken
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wiestler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Berend Snijder
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Buck
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pauline C Göller
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joelle Aline Menstel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Niklas Zimmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Lijun Ni
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dana Silverbush
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saritha Krishna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shawn L Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Translational Neurosurgery, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hänzelmann
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Schmid K, Sehring J, Németh A, Harter PN, Weber KJ, Vengadeswaran A, Storf H, Seidemann C, Karki K, Fischer P, Dohmen H, Selignow C, von Deimling A, Grau S, Schröder U, Plate KH, Stein M, Uhl E, Acker T, Amsel D. DistSNE: Distributed computing and online visualization of DNA methylation-based central nervous system tumor classification. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13228. [PMID: 38012085 PMCID: PMC11007060 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current state-of-the-art analysis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors through DNA methylation profiling relies on the tumor classifier developed by Capper and colleagues, which centrally harnesses DNA methylation data provided by users. Here, we present a distributed-computing-based approach for CNS tumor classification that achieves a comparable performance to centralized systems while safeguarding privacy. We utilize the t-distributed neighborhood embedding (t-SNE) model for dimensionality reduction and visualization of tumor classification results in two-dimensional graphs in a distributed approach across multiple sites (DistSNE). DistSNE provides an intuitive web interface (https://gin-tsne.med.uni-giessen.de) for user-friendly local data management and federated methylome-based tumor classification calculations for multiple collaborators in a DataSHIELD environment. The freely accessible web interface supports convenient data upload, result review, and summary report generation. Importantly, increasing sample size as achieved through distributed access to additional datasets allows DistSNE to improve cluster analysis and enhance predictive power. Collectively, DistSNE enables a simple and fast classification of CNS tumors using large-scale methylation data from distributed sources, while maintaining the privacy and allowing easy and flexible network expansion to other institutes. This approach holds great potential for advancing human brain tumor classification and fostering collaborative precision medicine in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schmid
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Jannik Sehring
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Attila Németh
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute)University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- Present address:
Center for Neuropathology and Prion ResearchUniversity Hospital of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Katharina J. Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute)University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)FrankfurtGermany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Abishaa Vengadeswaran
- Medical Informatics Group (MIG), Goethe University FrankfurtUniversity Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Holger Storf
- Medical Informatics Group (MIG), Goethe University FrankfurtUniversity Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Kapil Karki
- DIZ MarburgPhillips University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Patrick Fischer
- Institute for Medical InformaticsJustus‐Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Department of Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, and CCU NeuropathologyHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hildegard Dohmen
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Carmen Selignow
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | | | - Stefan Grau
- Department of NeurosurgeryHospital FuldaFuldaGermany
| | - Uwe Schröder
- Department of NeurosurgeryMVZ Frankfurt/OderFrankfurtGermany
| | - Karl H. Plate
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute)University Hospital FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Marco Stein
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen und Marburg Location GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Eberhard Uhl
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospital Giessen und Marburg Location GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Daniel Amsel
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus‐Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
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3
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Hench J, Hultschig C, Brugger J, Mariani L, Guzman R, Soleman J, Leu S, Benton M, Stec IM, Hench IB, Hoffmann P, Harter P, Weber KJ, Albers A, Thomas C, Hasselblatt M, Schüller U, Restelli L, Capper D, Hewer E, Diebold J, Kolenc D, Schneider UC, Rushing E, Della Monica R, Chiariotti L, Sill M, Schrimpf D, von Deimling A, Sahm F, Kölsche C, Tolnay M, Frank S. EpiDiP/NanoDiP: a versatile unsupervised machine learning edge computing platform for epigenomic tumour diagnostics. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:51. [PMID: 38576030 PMCID: PMC10993614 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation analysis based on supervised machine learning algorithms with static reference data, allowing diagnostic tumour typing with unprecedented precision, has quickly become a new standard of care. Whereas genome-wide diagnostic methylation profiling is mostly performed on microarrays, an increasing number of institutions additionally employ nanopore sequencing as a faster alternative. In addition, methylation-specific parallel sequencing can generate methylation and genomic copy number data. Given these diverse approaches to methylation profiling, to date, there is no single tool that allows (1) classification and interpretation of microarray, nanopore and parallel sequencing data, (2) direct control of nanopore sequencers, and (3) the integration of microarray-based methylation reference data. Furthermore, no software capable of entirely running in routine diagnostic laboratory environments lacking high-performance computing and network infrastructure exists. To overcome these shortcomings, we present EpiDiP/NanoDiP as an open-source DNA methylation and copy number profiling suite, which has been benchmarked against an established supervised machine learning approach using in-house routine diagnostics data obtained between 2019 and 2021. Running locally on portable, cost- and energy-saving system-on-chip as well as gpGPU-augmented edge computing devices, NanoDiP works in offline mode, ensuring data privacy. It does not require the rigid training data annotation of supervised approaches. Furthermore, NanoDiP is the core of our public, free-of-charge EpiDiP web service which enables comparative methylation data analysis against an extensive reference data collection. We envision this versatile platform as a useful resource not only for neuropathologists and surgical pathologists but also for the tumour epigenetics research community. In daily diagnostic routine, analysis of native, unfixed biopsies by NanoDiP delivers molecular tumour classification in an intraoperative time frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Hench
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claus Hultschig
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jon Brugger
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Mariani
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsspital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Guzman
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsspital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jehuda Soleman
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsspital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Severina Leu
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsspital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miles Benton
- Human Genomics, Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR), 5022, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Irenäus Maria Stec
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivana Bratic Hench
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Life&Brain GmbH, Venusberg-Campus 1, Gebäude 76, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Harter
- Institute of Neuropathology, Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Feodor- Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Heinrich-Hoffmann- Straße 7, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne Albers
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Forschungsinstitut Kinderkrebszentrum, Martinistrasse 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Hamburg- Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, Department of Neuropathology, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Restelli
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Capper
- , 15. Luzerner Kantonsspital, Pathologie, Haus 27, 6000, Spitalstrasse, Luzern 16, Switzerland
| | - Ekkehard Hewer
- Institut universitaire de pathologie, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Diebold
- , 15. Luzerner Kantonsspital, Pathologie, Haus 27, 6000, Spitalstrasse, Luzern 16, Switzerland
| | - Danijela Kolenc
- , 15. Luzerner Kantonsspital, Pathologie, Haus 27, 6000, Spitalstrasse, Luzern 16, Switzerland
| | - Ulf C Schneider
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Haus 31, 6000, 16, Spitalstrasse, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Rushing
- , 15. Luzerner Kantonsspital, Pathologie, Haus 27, 6000, Spitalstrasse, Luzern 16, Switzerland
- Medica Pathologie Zentrum Zürich, Hottingerstrasse 9 / 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rosa Della Monica
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486 - 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486 - 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schrimpf
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas von Deimling
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- CCU Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- , 23. DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Kölsche
- Pathologisches Institut der LMU, Thalkirchner Str. 36, 80337, München, Germany
| | - Markus Tolnay
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Pathologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Schönbeinstr. 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Rickel JK, Zeeb D, Knake S, Urban H, Konczalla J, Weber KJ, Zeiner PS, Pagenstecher A, Hattingen E, Kemmling A, Fokas E, Adeberg S, Wolff R, Sebastian M, Rusch T, Ronellenfitsch MW, Menzler K, Habermehl L, Möller L, Czabanka M, Nimsky C, Timmermann L, Grefkes C, Steinbach JP, Rosenow F, Kämppi L, Strzelczyk A. Status epilepticus in patients with brain tumors and metastases: A multicenter cohort study of 208 patients and literature review. Neurol Res Pract 2024; 6:19. [PMID: 38570823 PMCID: PMC10993483 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-024-00314-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain tumors and metastases account for approximately 10% of all status epilepticus (SE) cases. This study described the clinical characteristics, treatment, and short- and long-term outcomes of this population. METHODS This retrospective, multi-center cohort study analyzed all brain tumor patients treated for SE at the university hospitals of Frankfurt and Marburg between 2011 and 2017. RESULTS The 208 patients (mean 61.5 ± 14.7 years of age; 51% male) presented with adult-type diffuse gliomas (55.8%), metastatic entities (25.5%), intracranial extradural tumors (14.4%), or other tumors (4.3%). The radiological criteria for tumor progression were evidenced in 128 (61.5%) patients, while 57 (27.4%) were newly diagnosed with tumor at admission and 113 (54.3%) had refractory SE. The mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 14.8 days (median 12.0, range 1-57), 171 (82.2%) patients required intensive care (mean LOS 8.9 days, median 5, range 1-46), and 44 (21.2%) were administered mechanical ventilation. All patients exhibited significant functional status decline (modified Rankin Scale) post-SE at discharge (p < 0.001). Mortality at discharge was 17.3% (n = 36), with the greatest occurring in patients with metastatic disease (26.4%, p = 0.031) and those that met the radiological criteria for tumor progression (25%, p < 0.001). Long-term mortality at one year (65.9%) was highest in those diagnosed with adult-type diffuse gliomas (68.1%) and metastatic disease (79.2%). Refractory status epilepticus cases showed lower survival rates than non-refractory SE patients (log-rank p = 0.02) and those with signs of tumor progression (log-rank p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS SE occurrence contributed to a decline in functional status in all cases, regardless of tumor type, tumor progression status, and SE refractoriness, while long-term mortality was increased in those with malignant tumor entities, tumor progressions, and refractory SE. SE prevention may preserve functional status and improve survival in individuals with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna K Rickel
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe-University and University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daria Zeeb
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knake
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Urban
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital and Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Konczalla
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Frankturt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pia S Zeiner
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital and Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankturt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Institute of Neuropathology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - André Kemmling
- Department of Neuroradiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Frankturt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Adeberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UKGM Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (MIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, UKGM Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolff
- Gamma Knife Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Rusch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology & Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital and Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankturt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katja Menzler
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lena Habermehl
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leona Möller
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Nimsky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe-University and University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital and Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankturt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt-Marburg, Frankfurt, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe-University and University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leena Kämppi
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe-University and University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
- Epilepsia Helsinki, European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe-University and University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Hessen, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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5
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Eckhardt A, Drexler R, Schoof M, Struve N, Capper D, Jelgersma C, Onken J, Harter PN, Weber KJ, Divé I, Rothkamm K, Hoffer K, Klumpp L, Ganser K, Petersen C, Ricklefs F, Kriegs M, Schüller U. Mean global DNA methylation serves as independent prognostic marker in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:503-513. [PMID: 37818983 PMCID: PMC10912005 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) patients have a devastating prognosis. Here, we analyzed the potential prognostic value of global DNA methylation of the tumors. METHODS DNA methylation of 492 primary samples and 31 relapsed samples, each treated with combination therapy, and of 148 primary samples treated with radiation alone were compared with patient survival. We determined the mean methylation values and estimated the immune cell infiltration from the methylation data. Moreover, the mean global DNA methylation of 23 GBM cell lines was profiled and correlated to their cellular radiosensitivity as measured by colony formation assay. RESULTS High mean DNA methylation levels correlated with improved survival, which was independent from known risk factors (MGMT promoter methylation, age, extent of resection; P = 0.009) and methylation subgroups. Notably, this correlation was also independent of immune cell infiltration, as higher number of immune cells indeed was associated with significantly better OS but lower mean methylation. Radiosensitive GBM cell lines had a significantly higher mean methylation than resistant lines (P = 0.007), and improved OS of patients treated with radiotherapy alone was also associated with higher DNA methylation (P = 0.002). Furthermore, specimens of relapsed GBM revealed a significantly lower mean DNA methylation compared to the matching primary tumor samples (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that mean global DNA methylation is independently associated with outcome in glioblastoma. The data also suggest that a higher DNA methylation is associated with better radiotherapy response and less aggressive phenotype, both of which presumably contribute to the observed correlation with OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Eckhardt
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center – University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Drexler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schoof
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Struve
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center – University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel Cancer Career Center HATRICs4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudius Jelgersma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Onken
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Iris Divé
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center – University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hoffer
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center – University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ganser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center – University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Kriegs
- Department of Radiotherapy & Radiation Oncology, Hubertus Wald Tumor Center – University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Reinecke R, Jahnke K, Foltyn-Dumitru M, Lachner K, Armbrust M, Weber KJ, Zeiner PS, Czabanka M, Brunnberg U, Hartmann S, Steinbach JP, Ronellenfitsch MW. Intrathecal IgM synthesis as a diagnostic marker in patients with suspected CNS lymphoma. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38332527 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
For CNS lymphomas (CNSL), there is a high need for minimally invasive and easily obtainable diagnostic markers. Intrathecal IgM synthesis can easily be determined in routine CSF diagnostics. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the diagnostic potential of intrathecal IgM synthesis in primary and secondary CNSL (PCNSL and SCNSL). In this retrospective study, patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of PCNSL or SCNSL were compared with patients with other neurological diseases in whom CNSL was initially the primary radiological differential diagnosis based on MRI. Sensitivity and specificity of intrathecal IgM synthesis were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Seventy patients with CNSL were included (49 PCNSL and 21 SCNSL) and compared to 70 control patients. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CNSL were 49% and 87%, respectively, for the entire patient population and 66% and 91% after selection for cases with tumor access to the CSF system and isolated intrathecal IgM synthesis. In cases with MRI-based radiological suspicion of CNSL, intrathecal IgM synthesis has good specificity but limited sensitivity. Because of its low-threshold availability, analysis of intrathecal IgM synthesis has the potential to lead to higher diagnostic accuracy, especially in resource-limited settings, and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reinecke
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kolja Jahnke
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martha Foltyn-Dumitru
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Lachner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Moritz Armbrust
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pia S Zeiner
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Uta Brunnberg
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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7
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Reisbeck L, Linder B, Tascher G, Bozkurt S, Weber KJ, Herold-Mende C, van Wijk SJL, Marschalek R, Schaefer L, Münch C, Kögel D. The iron chelator and OXPHOS inhibitor VLX600 induces mitophagy and an autophagy-dependent type of cell death in glioblastoma cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1451-C1469. [PMID: 37899749 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00293.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Induction of alternative, non-apoptotic cell death programs such as cell-lethal autophagy and mitophagy represent possible strategies to combat glioblastoma (GBM). Here we report that VLX600, a novel iron chelator and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) inhibitor, induces a caspase-independent type of cell death that is partially rescued in adherent U251 ATG5/7 (autophagy related 5/7) knockout (KO) GBM cells and NCH644 ATG5/7 knockdown (KD) glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), suggesting that VLX600 induces an autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD) in GBM. This ADCD is accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption, increased expression/mitochondrial localization of BNIP3 (BCL2 interacting protein 3) and BNIP3L (BCL2 interacting protein 3 like), the induction of mitophagy as demonstrated by diminished levels of mitochondrial marker proteins [e.g., COX4I1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1)] and the mitoKeima assay as well as increased histone H3 and H4 lysine tri-methylation. Furthermore, the extracellular addition of iron is able to significantly rescue VLX600-induced cell death and mitophagy, pointing out an important role of iron metabolism for GBM cell homeostasis. Interestingly, VLX600 is also able to completely eliminate NCH644 GSC tumors in an organotypic brain slice transplantation model. Our data support the therapeutic concept of ADCD induction in GBM and suggest that VLX600 may be an interesting novel drug candidate for the treatment of this tumor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Induction of cell-lethal autophagy represents a possible strategy to combat glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we demonstrate that the novel iron chelator and OXPHOS inhibitor VLX600 exerts pronounced tumor cell-killing effects in adherently cultured GBM cells and glioblastoma stem-like cell (GSC) spheroid cultures that depend on the iron-chelating function of VLX600 and on autophagy activation, underscoring the context-dependent role of autophagy in therapy responses. VLX600 represents an interesting novel drug candidate for the treatment of this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Reisbeck
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Süleyman Bozkurt
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rolf Marschalek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Diagnostic Center of Acute Leukemia, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
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8
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Baumgarten P, Prange G, Kamp MA, Monden D, Neef V, Schwarzer F, Dubinski D, Dinc N, Weber KJ, Czabanka M, Hattingen E, Ronellenfitsch MW, Steinbach JP, Senft C. Treatment of very elderly glioblastoma patients ≥ 75 years of age: whom to treat. J Neurooncol 2023; 165:509-515. [PMID: 38032426 PMCID: PMC10752837 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prognosis of patients ≥ 75 years suffering from glioblastoma is poor. Novel therapies are usually reserved for patients ≤ 70 years. In an aging population, treatment of very elderly patients remains a challenge. METHODS Between 2010 and 2018, a total of 977 glioblastoma patients were treated at our institution. Of these, 143 patients were ≥ 75 years at diagnosis. Primary procedure was surgical resection or biopsy followed by adjuvant treatment, whenever possible. We retrospectively investigated overall survival (OS) and potential prognostic factors influencing survival, including Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), surgical therapy, adjuvant therapy as well as MGMT promotor status. RESULTS In very elderly patients, median age was 79 years (range: 75-110). Biopsy only was performed in 104 patients; resection was performed in 39 patients. Median OS for the entire cohort was 5.9 months. Univariate analysis showed that KPS at presentation (≥ 70 vs. ≤60), surgery vs. biopsy, adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy were significantly associated with OS (6 vs. 3, p < 0.0111; 12 vs. 4, p = 0.0011; 11 vs. 4, p = 0.0003 and 10 vs. 1.5 months, p < 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed adjuvant radiotherapy (p < 0.0001) and chemotherapy (p = 0.0002) as independent factors influencing OS. CONCLUSION For very elderly patients, the natural course of disease without treatment is devastating. These patients benefit from multimodal treatment including adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A beneficial effect of resection has not been demonstrated. Treatment options and outcomes should be thoughtfully discussed before treatment decisions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baumgarten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Georg Prange
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel A Kamp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Centre for Palliative and Neuro-palliative Care, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Campus Rüdersdorf, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Monden
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Neef
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Schwarzer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Dubinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nazife Dinc
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Markus Czabanka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
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9
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Burger MC, Forster MT, Romanski A, Straßheimer F, Macas J, Zeiner PS, Steidl E, Herkt S, Weber KJ, Schupp J, Lun JH, Strecker MI, Wlotzka K, Cakmak P, Opitz C, George R, Mildenberger IC, Nowakowska P, Zhang C, Röder J, Müller E, Ihrig K, Langen KJ, Rieger MA, Herrmann E, Bonig H, Harter PN, Reiss Y, Hattingen E, Rödel F, Plate KH, Tonn T, Senft C, Steinbach JP, Wels WS. Intracranial injection of natural killer cells engineered with a HER2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2058-2071. [PMID: 37148198 PMCID: PMC10628939 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GB) is incurable at present without established treatment options for recurrent disease. In this phase I first-in-human clinical trial we investigated safety and feasibility of adoptive transfer of clonal chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells (NK-92/5.28.z) targeting HER2, which is expressed at elevated levels by a subset of glioblastomas. METHODS Nine patients with recurrent HER2-positive GB were treated with single doses of 1 × 107, 3 × 107, or 1 × 108 irradiated CAR-NK cells injected into the margins of the surgical cavity during relapse surgery. Imaging at baseline and follow-up, peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotyping and analyses of the immune architecture by multiplex immunohistochemistry and spatial digital profiling were performed. RESULTS There were no dose-limiting toxicities, and none of the patients developed a cytokine release syndrome or immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Five patients showed stable disease after relapse surgery and CAR-NK injection that lasted 7 to 37 weeks. Four patients had progressive disease. Pseudoprogression was found at injection sites in 2 patients, suggestive of a treatment-induced immune response. For all patients, median progression-free survival was 7 weeks, and median overall survival was 31 weeks. Furthermore, the level of CD8+ T-cell infiltration in recurrent tumor tissue prior to CAR-NK cell injection positively correlated with time to progression. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial injection of HER2-targeted CAR-NK cells is feasible and safe in patients with recurrent GB. 1 × 108 NK-92/5.28.z cells was determined as the maximum feasible dose for a subsequent expansion cohort with repetitive local injections of CAR-NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Burger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Annette Romanski
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt and Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Straßheimer
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jadranka Macas
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pia S Zeiner
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eike Steidl
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Herkt
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt and Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schupp
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer H Lun
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja I Strecker
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karolin Wlotzka
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pinar Cakmak
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Opitz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rosemol George
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Iris C Mildenberger
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paulina Nowakowska
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt and Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jasmin Röder
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elvira Müller
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kristina Ihrig
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Research Center Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Eva Herrmann
- Institute for Biostatistics and Mathematical Modelling, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt and Red Cross Blood Donation Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Reiss
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Franz Rödel
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl H Plate
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Torsten Tonn
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, German Red Cross Blood Donation Service North-East and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Senft
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Winfried S Wels
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Drexler R, Khatri R, Sauvigny T, Mohme M, Maire CL, Ryba A, Zghaibeh Y, Dührsen L, Salviano-Silva A, Lamszus K, Westphal M, Gempt J, Wefers AK, Neumann J, Bode H, Hausmann F, Huber TB, Bonn S, Jütten K, Delev D, Weber KJ, Harter PN, Onken J, Vajkoczy P, Capper D, Wiestler B, Weller M, Snijder B, Buck A, Weiss T, Keough MB, Ni L, Monje M, Silverbush D, Hovestadt V, Suvà ML, Krishna S, Hervey-Jumper SL, Schüller U, Heiland DH, Hänzelmann S, Ricklefs FL. Epigenetic neural glioblastoma enhances synaptic integration and predicts therapeutic vulnerability. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.04.552017. [PMID: 37609137 PMCID: PMC10441357 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.552017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Neural-tumor interactions drive glioma growth as evidenced in preclinical models, but clinical validation is nascent. We present an epigenetically defined neural signature of glioblastoma that independently affects patients' survival. We use reference signatures of neural cells to deconvolve tumor DNA and classify samples into low- or high-neural tumors. High-neural glioblastomas exhibit hypomethylated CpG sites and upregulation of genes associated with synaptic integration. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals high abundance of stem cell-like malignant cells classified as oligodendrocyte precursor and neural precursor cell-like in high-neural glioblastoma. High-neural glioblastoma cells engender neuron-to-glioma synapse formation in vitro and in vivo and show an unfavorable survival after xenografting. In patients, a high-neural signature associates with decreased survival as well as increased functional connectivity and can be detected via DNA analytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in plasma. Our study presents an epigenetically defined malignant neural signature in high-grade gliomas that is prognostically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Drexler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robin Khatri
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Sauvigny
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cecile L. Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alice Ryba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yahya Zghaibeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Dührsen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amanda Salviano-Silva
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Westphal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika K. Wefers
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Neumann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helena Bode
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Hausmann
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Bonn
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jütten
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Delev
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT) Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Onken
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wiestler
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich
| | - Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Berend Snijder
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Buck
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Neurology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B. Keough
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lijun Ni
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Mario L. Suvà
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Saritha Krishna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Research Institute Children’s Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dieter H. Heiland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hänzelmann
- Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical AI, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz L. Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Harter PN, Weber KJ, Ronellenfitsch MW. [Histological and molecular characteristics of tumours of the peripheral nervous system]. Pathologie (Heidelb) 2023; 44:197-208. [PMID: 37115287 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-023-01198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumours of the peripheral nervous system occur sporadically in adults and except for a minority of entities, these tumours are usually benign. The most common are nerve sheath tumours. Because these tumours grow in direct proximity or even invade peripheral nerve bundles, they can lead to severe pain and motion deficits. From the neurosurgical perspective these tumours are technically challenging, and especially for tumours with an invasive growth pattern complete resection may not be possible. Peripheral nervous system tumours that are associated with tumour syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2 or schwannomatosis are a particular clinical challenge. The goal of the current article is to present histological and molecular characteristics of peripheral nervous system tumours. Furthermore, future targeted therapy strategies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Harter
- Zentrum für Neuropathologie und Prionforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen Straße 23, 81377, München, Deutschland.
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partnerstandort München, München, Deutschland.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München (CCC München), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland.
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurologisches Institut (Edinger Institut), Universitätsklinikum, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Deutschland
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK) Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Deutschland
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK) Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt, Deutschland
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland
- Dr. Senckenbergisches Institut für Neuroonkologie, Universitätsklinikum, Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Deutschland
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12
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Gretser S, Weber KJ, Braun Y, Harter PN, Rolle U, McNally J, Gradhand E. Tissue Shrinkage of Resected Specimens in Hirschsprung's Disease: Why Pediatric Surgeons Think the Bowel Specimen was Longer Than Indicated in the Pathology Report. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2023:10935266231162684. [PMID: 36994845 DOI: 10.1177/10935266231162684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung disease (HD) is an aganglionosis of variable length starting at the rectosigmoid colon with surgery as sole therapeutic option. The length of the resected bowel segment is a crucial information for the treating surgeons and influences the prognosis of the patient. It is often artificially altered due to post operative tissue shrinkage. The objective of this study is to quantify the extent tissue shrinkage of HD specimens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Colorectal HD specimens were measured at the time of surgery and at the time of cut-up, either fresh or after formalin fixation and statistically analyzed. RESULTS Sixteen colorectal specimens were included. Following formalin fixation the specimen length decreased by 22.7% (P < .001). Without formalin fixation the specimens shrank by an average of 24.9% (P = .05). There was no significant difference in the extent of tissue shrinkage with or without formalin fixation (P = .76). CONCLUSION This study showed that there is significant tissue shrinkage in HD specimens. The 2 different cohorts revealed that tissue shrinkage is mostly caused by tissue retraction/alteration after organ removal but also to a lesser extent by fixation with formalin. Surgeons and (neuro-)pathologists should be aware of the sizeable shrinking artifact to avoid unnecessary confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Gretser
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Braun
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Neurological Institute (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Rolle
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet McNally
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - Elise Gradhand
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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13
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Divé I, Weber KJ, Hartung TI, Steidl E, Wagner M, Hattingen E, Franz K, Fokas E, Ronellenfitsch MW, Herrlinger U, Harter PN, Steinbach JP. Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) growth pattern: A single-center analysis of clinical, histological, and molecular characteristics of GC and non-GC glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad131. [PMID: 38024242 PMCID: PMC10676054 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The biological understanding of glioblastoma (GB) with gliomatosis cerebri (GC) pattern is poor due to the absence of GC-specific studies. Here, we aimed to identify molecular or clinical parameters that drive GC growth. Methods From our methylome database of IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase)-wildtype GB, we identified 158 non-GC and 65 GC cases. GC cases were subdivided into diffuse-infiltrative (subtype 1), multifocal (subtype 2), or tumors with 1 solid mass (subtype 3). We compared clinical, histological, and molecular parameters and conducted a reference-free tumor deconvolution of DNA methylation data based on latent methylation components (LMC). Results GC subtype 1 less frequently showed contrast-enhancing tumors, and more frequently lacked morphological GB criteria despite displaying GB DNA methylation profile. However, the tumor deconvolution did not deliver a specific LMC cluster for either of the GC subtypes. Employing the reference-based analysis MethylCIBERSORT, we did not identify significant differences in tumor cell composition. The majority of both GC and non-GC patients received radiochemotherapy as first-line treatment, but there was a major imbalance for resection. The entire GC cohort had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF) than the non-GC cohort. However, when filtering for cases in which only stereotactic biopsy was performed, the comparison of OS and TTF lost statistical significance. Conclusions Our study offers clinically relevant information by demonstrating a similar outcome for GB with GC growth pattern in the surgically matched analysis. The limited number of cases in the GC subgroups encourages the validation of our DNA methylation analysis in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Divé
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weber
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tabea I Hartung
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eike Steidl
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kea Franz
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Fokas
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael W Ronellenfitsch
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Patrick N Harter
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger-Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany (P.N.H.)
| | - Joachim P Steinbach
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Yudhistiara B, Weber KJ, Huber PE, Ruehle A, Brons S, Haering P, Debus J, Hauswald H. Carbon ion and proton beam irradiation of a normal human TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line within a magnetic field of 1.0 tesla. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8327-8335. [PMID: 31686914 PMCID: PMC6751770 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s212310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the increasing simultaneous application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for more precise photon radiotherapy, it will be likely for particle radiotherapy to adopt MRI for future image guiding. It will then be imperative to evaluate the potential biological effects of a magnetic field (MF) on particle irradiation. This study explores such effects on the highly radiosensitive TK6 lymphoblastoid human cell line. Methods The following three parameters were measured after irradiation with either carbon ion or proton beams using spread out Bragg peaks and applying different doses within a perpendicular 1.0 T MF: (1) cell survival fraction (14 days postirradiation), (2) treatment-specific apoptosis, which was determined through the measurement of population in the sub-G1 phase, and (3) cell cycle progression by means of flow cytometry. These were compared to the same parameters measured without an MF. Results The clonogenic assay in both treatment groups showed almost identical survival curves with overlapping error bars. The calculated α values with and without an MF were 2.18 (σ=0.245) and 2.17 (σ=0.234) for carbon ions and 1.08 (σ=0.138) and 1.13 (σ=0.0679) for protons, respectively. Similarly, the treatment-specific apoptosis and cell cycle progression showed almost identical curves with overlapping error bars. A two-sample, unpooled t-test analysis was implemented for comparison of all mean values and showed p-values >0.05. Conclusion No statistically significant difference in biological response of the TK6 cells was observed when they were irradiated using spreadout Bragg peaks within a perpendicular 1.0 T MF as compared to those, which received the same dose without the MF. This should serve as another supporting piece of evidence toward the implementation of MRI in particle radiotherapy, though further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yudhistiara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K J Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiation Oncology E055, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Ruehle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiation Oncology E055, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Brons
- National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - P Haering
- Department of Radiation Physics E040, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit E050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Hauswald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit E050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Aninditha KP, Weber KJ, Brons S, Debus J, Hauswald H. In vitro sensitivity of malignant melanoma cells lines to photon and heavy ion radiation. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 17:51-56. [PMID: 31211251 PMCID: PMC6562297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Superior proliferation inhibiting effects of heavy ions compared to photons. Increased G2/M arrest on heavy ion radiation compared to photon irradiation. Heavy ions might overcome radioresistance in malignant melanoma cells.
Background The role of radiotherapy in malignant melanoma is still in discussion due to its relative resistance to radiation. In various literature, heavy ions show a higher relative biological effectiveness than photons. The aim of this work is to evaluate the radiotherapeutical effect from photons as well as heavy ions on malignant melanoma cells and to indicate the possible radiosensitivity based on its proliferation-inhibitory effect. Methods Two different cell lines of malignant melanoma, WM115 (primary tumor) and WM266-4 (metastatic site, skin) were used in this in vitro study. The cells were treated with photons or heavy ions (C12 and O16 ions). Cell-proliferation assay using hemocytometer was used for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of cell growth. Furthermore, flow cytometry was also used to analyze the cell cycle distribution. Results Heavy ions compared to photons and between the two heavy ion modalities, O16 ions showed an improved suppression of cell growth in both cell lines. Furthermore, a G2/M arrest was detected in both cell lines after all radiotherapy modalities – with the arrest increasing with the dose applied. Conclusion Heavy ions showed a greater inhibitory effect on cell proliferation compared to photons and an increased G2/M arrest. Therefore, C12 and O16 heavy ions might overcome the relative radioresistance of malignant melanoma to photons. Further research is warranted.
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Key Words
- Cell experiment
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Medium
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- EDTA, ethylendiamin-tetraacetate
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- HIT, Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Centre
- In vitro
- Ion beam therapy
- KeV, kilo electron volt
- LET, linear energy transfer
- MM, malignant melanoma
- Malignant melanoma
- MeV, mega electron volt
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- Particle beam therapy
- RBE, relative biological effectiveness
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- RT, radiotherapy
- Radiotherapy
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Aninditha
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K J Weber
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Brons
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Debus
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit E050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,DKTK Site Heidelberg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Hauswald
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit E050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Yudhistiara B, Zwicker F, Weber KJ, Huber PE, Ruehle A, Brons S, Haering P, Debus J, Hauswald SH. The influence of a magnetic field on photon beam radiotherapy in a normal human TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:11. [PMID: 30654822 PMCID: PMC6337772 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The implementation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided radiotherapy (RT) continues to increase. Very limited in-vitro data on the interaction of ionizing radiation and magnetic fields (MF) have been published. In these experiments we focused on the radiation response in a MF of the TK6 human lymphoblastoid cells which are known to be highly radiosensitive due to efficient radiation-induced apoptosis. Methods Clonogenicity was determined 12–14 days after irradiation with 1–4 Gy 6 MV photons with or without a 1.0 Tesla MF. Furthermore, alterations in cell cycle distribution and rates of radiation induced apoptosis (FACS analysis of cells with sub-G1 DNA content) were analyzed. Results Clonogenic survival showed an exponential dose-dependence, and the radiation sensitivity parameter (α = 1.57/Gy) was in accordance with earlier reports. Upon comparing the clonogenic survival between the two groups, identical results within error bars were obtained. The survival fractions at 2 Gy were 9% (without MF) and 8.5% (with MF), respectively. Conclusion A 1.0 Tesla MF does not affect the clonogenicity of TK6 cells irradiated with 1–4 Gy 6MV photons. This supports the use of MRI guided RT, however ongoing research on the interaction of MF and radiotherapy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yudhistiara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld (INF) 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - F Zwicker
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiation Oncology E055, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K J Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld (INF) 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld (INF) 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiation Oncology E055, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Ruehle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld (INF) 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Radiation Oncology E055, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Brons
- Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Haering
- Department of Radiation Physics E040, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld (INF) 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit E050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S H Hauswald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld (INF) 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), Heidelberg Institute for Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Unit E050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Grant DT, Catchpole KR, Weber KJ, White TP. Design guidelines for perovskite/silicon 2-terminal tandem solar cells: an optical study. Opt Express 2016; 24:A1454-A1470. [PMID: 27828529 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.0a1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite/silicon 2-terminal tandem cells have made significant advances towards >25% efficiency. Despite this, there is limited understanding of how the optical properties of the materials affect the optical losses within the tandem cell. Using an accurate optical model, we investigate, identify and propose solutions to the optical loss mechanisms inherent in a typical perovskite/silicon 2-terminal tandem cell. The results highlight, firstly, the requirement for low absorption in all layers above the perovskite film, and secondly, the importance of the proper choice of refractive index and thickness of charge transport layers of the perovskite cell, in order to minimize reflection at the interfaces formed by these layers. We demonstrate that the proper choice of these parameters is based on, and can be guided by, basic optics principles which serve as design guidelines. With careful selection of charge transport materials, optimization of the perovskite absorber thickness and the introduction of light trapping within the silicon cell, a matched current of over 20 mA/cm2 can be realized, enabling efficiencies greater than 30% using currently available cell processing methods and materials.
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18
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Zwicker F, Kirsner A, Peschke P, Roeder F, Debus J, Huber PE, Weber KJ. Dichloroacetate induces tumor-specific radiosensitivity in vitro but attenuates radiation-induced tumor growth delay in vivo. Strahlenther Onkol 2013; 189:684-92. [PMID: 23793865 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-013-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) by dichloroacetate (DCA) can shift tumor cell metabolism from anaerobic glycolysis to glucose oxidation, with activation of mitochondrial activity and chemotherapy-dependent apoptosis. In radiotherapy, DCA could thus potentially enhance the frequently moderate apoptotic response of cancer cells that results from their mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate tumor-specific radiosensitization by DCA in vitro and in a human tumor xenograft mouse model in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The interaction of DCA with photon beam radiation was investigated in the human tumor cell lines WIDR (colorectal) and LN18 (glioma), as well as in the human normal tissue cell lines HUVEC (endothelial), MRC5 (lung fibroblasts) and TK6 (lymphoblastoid). Apoptosis induction in vitro was assessed by DAPI staining and sub-G1 flow cytometry; cell survival was quantified by clonogenic assay. The effect of DCA in vivo was investigated in WIDR xenograft tumors growing subcutaneously on BALB/c-nu/nu mice, with and without fractionated irradiation. Histological examination included TUNEL and Ki67 staining for apoptosis and proliferation, respectively, as well as pinomidazole labeling for hypoxia. RESULTS DCA treatment led to decreased clonogenic survival and increased specific apoptosis rates in tumor cell lines (LN18, WIDR) but not in normal tissue cells (HUVEC, MRC5, TK6). However, this significant tumor-specific radiosensitization by DCA in vitro was not reflected by the situation in vivo: The growth suppression of WIDR xenograft tumors after irradiation was reduced upon additional DCA treatment (reflected by Ki67 expression levels), although early tumor cell apoptosis rates were significantly increased by DCA. This apparently paradoxical effect was accompanied by a marked DCA-dependent induction of hypoxia in tumor-tissue. CONCLUSION DCA induced tumor-specific radiosensitization in vitro but not in vivo. DCA also induced development of hypoxia in tumor tissue in vivo. Further investigations relating to the interplay between tumor cell metabolism and tumor microenvironment are necessary to explain the limited success of metabolic targeting in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zwicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Center Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Habermehl D, Rieken S, Orschiedt L, Brons S, Haberer T, Straub B, Debus J, Weber KJ, Combs SE. In vitro evaluation of carbon and oxygen ion irradiation in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Z Gastroenterol 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Blattmann C, Oertel S, Thiemann M, Weber KJ, Schmezer P, Zelezny O, Lopez Perez R, Kulozik AE, Debus J, Ehemann V. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid affects γH2AX expression in osteosarcoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor and normal tissue cell lines after irradiation. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 188:168-76. [PMID: 22249335 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-011-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors are tumor entities with varying response to common standard therapy protocols. Histone acetylation affects chromatin structure and gene expression which are considered to influence radiation sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination therapy with the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and irradiation on atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors and osteosarcoma compared to normal tissue cell lines. METHODS Clonogenic assay was used to determine cell survival. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) were examined by pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) as well as by γH2AX immunostaining involving flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and immunoblot analysis. RESULTS SAHA lead to an increased radiosensitivity in tumor but not in normal tissue cell lines. γH2AX expression as an indicator for DSB was significantly increased when SAHA was applied 24 h before irradiation to the sarcoma cell cultures. In contrast, γH2AX expression in the normal tissue cell lines was significantly reduced when irradiation was combined with SAHA. Analysis of initial DNA fragmentation and fragment rejoining by PFGE, however, did not reveal differences in response to the SAHA pretreatment for either cell type. CONCLUSION SAHA increases radiosensitivity in tumor but not normal tissue cell lines. The increased H2AX phosphorylation status of the SAHA-treated tumor cells post irradiation likely reflects its delayed dephosphorylation within the DNA damage signal decay rather than chromatin acetylation-dependent differences in the overall efficacy of DSB induction and rejoining. The results support the hypothesis that combining SAHA with irradiation may provide a promising strategy in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blattmann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, and Pulmology, University Children's Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Akpa TC, Weber KJ, Schneider E, Kiefer J, Frankenberg-Schwager M, Harbich R, Frankenberg D. Heavy Ion-induced DNA Double-strand Breaks in Yeast. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 62:279-87. [PMID: 1356130 DOI: 10.1080/09553009214552121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (dsb) induction in diploid yeast was measured by neutral sucrose sedimentation after exposure to very heavy ions with values of linear energy transfer (LET) ranging from about 300 to 11500 ke V/microns. Linear fluence dependencies were found in all cases from which dsb production cross-sections (sigma dsb) could be calculated. Corresponding cross-sections for cell killing (sigma i) were derived from final slopes of survival curves measured in parallel and for the same fluence range. A close correlation was found between sigma i and sigma dsb. It is calculated that over the entire LET range, including 30 MeV electron irradiation, about 22 dsb are induced per lethal event when high exposures are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Akpa
- Institut für Biophysikalische Strahenforschung, GSF, Frankfurt-Main, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) after cardiac surgery and traditional open abdominal surgery has been reported. This disorder also has been associated with minor operative procedures with the patient under local anesthesia. However, SIADH after laparoscopic surgery is not well documented in the literature. We report a case of SIADH after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in an elderly woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Weber
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1103, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Weber KJ, Reyes CD, Gagner M, Divino CM. Comparison of laparoscopic and open gastrectomy for malignant disease. Surg Endosc 2003; 17:968-71. [PMID: 12658427 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-002-8738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2002] [Accepted: 12/05/2002] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study compares the outcome of a series of totally laparoscopic cases with that of matched open controls for the treatment of malignant gastric disease. Laparoscopic techniques can follow oncologic principles and obtain adequate margins. Short-term follow-up evaluation shows no difference in survival rates between the two approaches. BACKGROUND Few studies have examined a totally laparoscopic approach to gastrectomy for malignancy. This is the first study to compare the outcome of a series of totally laparoscopic cases with matched open surgeries for gastric cancer. METHODS A retrospective case-matched study was performed comparing open and laparoscopic partial gastrectomies for cancer. A total of 25 cases (12 laparoscopic and 13 open) were matched for age and indication for surgery. Stage, extent of lymphadenectomy, and survival at 18 months were examined. The intraoperative and postoperative details were compared. RESULTS The stages ranged from I to IV, with no statistical difference between the two groups. All resected margins in the laparoscopic group were free of tumor. The extent of lymphadenectomy did not differ. Follow-up assessment at 18 months showed no difference in survival. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic gastrectomy for malignancy is a viable alternative to open surgery. Laparoscopic techniques can obtain adequate margins and follow oncologic principles. Short-term follow-up evaluation shows no difference in survival rates between the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Weber
- Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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24
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Harms W, Peschke P, Weber KJ, Hensley FW, Wolber G, Debus J, Wannenmacher M. Dose-dependent differential effects of low and pulsed dose-rate brachytherapy in a radioresistant syngenic rat prostate tumour model. Int J Radiat Biol 2002; 78:617-23. [PMID: 12079541 DOI: 10.1080/09553000210132324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the response of the Dunning prostate carcinoma (R3327-AT1 subline) to continuous low dose-rate (CLDR) and pulsed dose-rate (PDR) brachytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS After subcutaneous tumour transplantation into the thigh of the Copenhagen rat, doses of 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 Gy were applied to the tumour surface (tumour diameter 9+/-1mm). Eight animals were irradiated per dose group and exposure condition. Interstitial PDR ((192)Ir source, 37 GBq) and CLDR ((192)Ir seed, 150 MBq) brachytherapy were carried out with 0.75 Gy/pulse h(-1) and a dose-rate of 0.75Gyh(-1), respectively. Treatment response was assessed in terms of growth delay expressed as the time (T(5)) required for each tumour to reach five times the initial tumour volume. RESULTS The median T(5) times for the CLDR groups (in the order: control, 20, 30, 40, 50 Gy) were 12 (12), 54.5 (21), 64.5 (31), 85.5 (51), and 65 (47.5) days. Values after PDR brachytherapy are given in parentheses and resulted in a significantly impaired tumour growth delay (log-rank test) in the 20Gy (p =0.006) and 30 Gy (p =0.036) groups. No significant difference was found in the 40-50 Gy dose range. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous results and predictions of biological models we observed dose-dependent differential effects of PDR and CLDR brachytherapy with reduced efficacy of PDR in the lower dose range.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Harms
- Department of Radiology, Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg, INF 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Böhrnsen G, Weber KJ, Scholz M. Measurement of biological effects of high-energy carbon ions at low doses using a semi-automated cell detection system. Int J Radiat Biol 2002; 78:259-66. [PMID: 12020437 DOI: 10.1080/09553000110110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of low-dose, high-LET irradiation in order to detect possible deviations from a linear-quadratic dose dependence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments using charged particle irradiation were performed, in particular in the low-dose range from 0 to 2 Gy, and compared with experiments using photon radiation. The survival of V79 cells was studied by means of a semi-automated system, which allowed the detection and relocation of positions of individual cells at regular intervals. It consists of an inverted microscope equipped with a computerized stage control and image processing system. With such a technique, the precision of the survival assay is increased by avoiding the stochastic uncertainties of the conventional dilution assay. Furthermore, by means of daily observations, the system allows a detailed study of the growth kinetics of individual cells up to approximately 1 week after irradiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Up to now, high-LET experiments have been performed using mainly 100 MeV/u carbon ions (LET: 28 keV/microm). A significant hypersensitivity at low doses (0.1 Gy) has been detected for these ions. It is the first report of such a pronounced effect for charged particle irradiation. Although hypersensitivity after carbon ion irradiation apparently is in contrast to other data reported for peak pion irradiation at similar LET values, the difference might possibly be due to differences in the track structure of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Böhrnsen
- Radiobiology Section, Department of Radiotherapy, University of Heidelberg, In Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene p53 is the most frequently mutated gene found in human tumors. The p53 protein is a central regulator of the cell cycle and of the induction of apoptosis after genotoxic stress, e.g. due to radiation or drugs. p53 functions mainly through transcriptional control triggered by DNA damage and influences multiple response pathways. Because of this important role in the response of cells to radiation, the interrelation between p53 status and radiosensitivity has found wide interest. Experimental and clinical data are discussed to explain the mechanism by which p53 influences the cellular response to radiation and to demonstrate the clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Weber
- Strahlenbiologisches Labor, Abteilung Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Böhrnsen G, Weber KJ, Scholz M. Low dose hypersensitivity and induced resistance of V79 cells after charged particle irradiation using 100 MeV/u carbon ions. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2002; 99:255-256. [PMID: 12194299 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the effects of low dose irradiation in order to detect possible deviations from the linear-quadratic dose dependence of survival after charged particle irradiation. Survival of V79 cells at low doses was studied using a semi-automated cell detection system similar to the DMIPS system. With such a technique, the precision of survival measurements is improved by avoiding the stochastic uncertainties of the conventional dilution assay. A significant hypersensitivity at low doses (0.1 Gy) has been detected for 100 MeV/u carbon ions, whereas for higher doses (up to 0.5 Gy) a transition to a plateau-like region is observed, which is consistent with the assumption of induced resistance. These results are apparently in contrast to earlier studies using high-LET radiation like, e.g. neutrons or negative pions, where the effect of induced resistance has been reported to be at least significantly reduced for single exposure experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Böhrnsen
- Radiologische Klinik der Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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28
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The totally laparoscopic approach to partial gastrectomy had not been compared previously with results of the open technique. This study compares the results of a series of laparoscopic cases with matched open cases. METHODS A retrospective case-matched study was performed in 36 patients (18 laparoscopic surgeries, 18 open surgeries). Each laparoscopic case was matched for patient age and indication for surgery. The intraoperative and postoperative details of the two groups were compared. RESULTS Laparoscopic surgery resulted in less blood loss, although operative time was increased. Nasogastric tubes were less likely to be used after laparoscopic surgery, and patients in the laparoscopic group had an earlier return to normal bowel function than those in the open group. Length of hospital stay was 2 days shorter in the laparoscopic group. CONCLUSIONS The totally laparoscopic approach to partial gastrectomy is an excellent alternative to the more traditional open approach. It results in a more rapid return of intestinal function and a shorter hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Reyes
- Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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29
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Abstract
The Search for Therapeutic Gain in Radiation Oncology Novel strategies in radiation oncology aim at increasing the therapeutic gain, i.e., to decrease side effects while maintaining cure rates, or to increase cure rates at the same level of complications. Over the years, physical and biological strategies have been developed to achieve this goal. The physical development led to the possibility of precise, computer-controlled beam application by using modern imaging techniques and three-dimensional treatment planning. Improved patient immobilization methods allow minimal safety distances, resulting in steep dose gradients when used together with isocentric multi-field techniques. These predominantly stereotactic irradiation techniques yield therapeutic gain towards the tumor surrounding normal tissue. A critical issue that determines the tolerance of radiation therapy are structures at risk within the target volume. Fractionation is a reliable method to exploit the differential potential for recovery of radiation-induced DNA damage in normal tissues. Radiogenetic strategies aim at the sensibilization of tumor cells by targeting specific characteristics like mutations of p53. The reverse idea, gene-therapeutic radioprotection of normal tissue, is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wenz
- Sektion Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Germany.
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30
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Abstract
Neuhof, D., Ruess, A., Wenz, F. and Weber, K. J. Induction of Telomerase Activity by Irradiation in Human Lymphoblasts. Radiat. Res. 155, 693-697 (2001). Telomerase activity is a radiation-inducible function, which suggests a role of this enzyme in DNA damage processing. Since the tumor suppressor TP53 plays a central role in the regulation of the cellular response to DNA damage, our study explored the ability of ionizing radiation to change telomerase activity and telomere length in two closely related human lymphoblast cell lines with different TP53 status. TK6 cells (wild-type TP53) and WTK1 cells (mutated TP53) were exposed to different doses of X rays, and telomerase activity was measured by PCR ELISA at different times after irradiation. A dose-dependent increase in telomerase activity was observed. One hour after irradiation with 4 Gy, TK6 and WTK1 cells showed an approximately 2.5-fold increase; for lower doses (0.1 to 1 Gy), telomerase induction was seen only in TK6 cells. Telomerase induction was observed by 0.5 h after irradiation, with a further increase up to 24 h. Irradiated TK6 and WTK1 cells had longer telomeres (+1.3 kb) than unirradiated cells 14 days after exposure. Our data demonstrate a dose-dependent induction of telomerase activity and lengthening of telomeres by ionizing radiation in human lymphoblasts. Induction of telomerase activity by radiation does not generally appear to be controlled by the TP53-dependent DNA damage response pathway. However, for low doses, induction of telomerase requires wild-type TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Neuhof
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rudat V, Bachmann N, Küpper JH, Weber KJ. Overexpression of the DNA-binding domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibits rejoining of ionizing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Int J Radiat Biol 2001; 77:303-7. [PMID: 11258844 DOI: 10.1080/09553000010009026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the influence of trans-dominant inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation on the rejoining kinetics of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Stable transfectants of the SV40-transformed hamster cell line CO60 were used: COM3 cells contain a construct to overexpress the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) DNA-binding domain (DBD) when induced by dexamethasone, as well as a construct for the constitutive overexpression of the human glucocorticoid receptor (Hg0). COR3 are control cells containing only the Hg0 plasmid. DSB induction and rejoining in X-irradiated cells was assessed by DNA pulsed-field electrophoresis. RESULTS DSB induction was identical in both cell lines and independent of the presence of dexamethasone. DSB rejoining kinetics was independent of dexamethasone in COR3 cells and identical to COM3 cells without dexamethasone. However, in COM3 cells treated with dexamethasone to induce PARP-1 DBD overexpression, the fast component of the rejoining kinetic was largely reduced, and residual fragmentation increased concomitant with the increased damage fraction in slow rejoining. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that inhibition of cellular PARP-1 does not affect the rate-limiting step of either fast or slow DSB rejoining. Rather, it appears that absence of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation due to dominant negative PARP-1 expression induces a shift from rapid to slow DSB rejoining and by this mechanism PARP inhibition may increase the risk of repair failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rudat
- Abteilung Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Sauer G, Weber KJ, Peschke P, Eble MJ. Measurement of hypoxia using the comet assay correlates with preirradiation microelectrode pO2 histography in R3327-AT rodent tumors. Radiat Res 2000; 154:439-46. [PMID: 11023608 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0439:mohutc]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Polarographic determination of tumor oxygenation by Eppendorf histography is currently under investigation as a possible predictor of radiotherapy outcome. Alternatively, the alkaline comet assay has been proposed as a radiobiological approach for the detection of hypoxia in clinical tumor samples. Direct comparisons of these methods are scarce. One earlier study with different murine tumors could not establish a correlation, whereas a weak correlation was reported for a variety of human tumors. Considering the different end points and spatial resolution of the two methods, a direct comparison for a single tumor entity appeared desirable. Anaplastic R3327-AT Dunning prostate tumors were grown on Copenhagen rats to volumes of 1-6 cm(3). Eppendorf histography (100-200 readings in 5 parallel tracks) for 8 different tumors revealed various degrees of oxygenation, with median pO(2) values ranging from 1.1 to 23 mmHg. Within 5 min after an acute exposure to 8 Gy (60)Co gamma rays, tumors were excised from killed animals and rapidly cooled to limit repair, and a single cell suspension was prepared for use with the comet assay. The resulting comet moment distributions did not exhibit two subpopulations (one hypoxic and the other aerobic), and a hypoxic fraction could not be calculated. Instead, the average comet moment distribution was taken as a parameter of overall strand break induction. Corresponding experiments with tumor cells grown in vitro allowed us to derive the relationship between the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) for the average comet moment and oxygen partial pressure (Howard-Flanders and Alper formula). The validity of this relationship was inferred for cells exposed in situ, and the convolution of a pO(2) distribution with the formula of Howard-Flanders and Alper yielded an array of expected OER values for each tumor. The average expected OER correlated well with the average comet moment (r = 0.89, P < 0.01), and the in situ comet moment distributions could be predicted from the Eppendorf data when 50% repair was taken into account, assuming a 5-min damage half-life. The findings confirm the potential of interstitial polarography to reflect radiobiologically relevant intracellular oxygenation, but also underscore the confounding influence of differences in repair that may occur when cells are prepared from irradiated tissues for use with the comet assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sauer
- Radiobiology Section, Department of Radiotherapy, University of Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Rudat V, Dietz A, Nollert J, Conradt C, Weber KJ, Flentje M, Wannenmacher M. Acute and late toxicity, tumour control and intrinsic radiosensitivity of primary fibroblasts in vitro of patients with advanced head and neck cancer after concomitant boost radiochemotherapy. Radiother Oncol 1999; 53:233-45. [PMID: 10660204 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(99)00149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The existence of hereditary factors influencing the cellular response to ionising radiation has led to the hypothesis that the inter-patient variability of clinical radiation reactions may, at least in part, be attributable to an individual, or intrinsic, radiosensitivity. Considerable effort has been spent in the development of test systems that would determine individual radiosensitivity before or early during radiotherapy to possibly predict treatment outcome, but the results are still conflicting. The present explorative study was therefore aimed at the detection of associations between acute and late radiation effects, tumour control and in vitro radiosensitivity of primary normal tissue fibroblasts. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-eight patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (93% UICC stage IV) were treated with a simultaneous concomitant boost radiochemotherapy with Carboplatin as part of a prospective non-randomised multicenter study at the University of Heidelberg. Primary fibroblasts were obtained from skin biopsies prior to treatment from 25 unselected patients of this study and the SF2 was determined using the colony forming assay and high dose-rate irradiation. The median follow-up was 21 months (range 2.5-81 months). RESULTS The locoregional control rate at three years was 32%. No significant association between acute (mucosa reaction grade 1 or 2 vs. grade 3 and 4), late radiation effects (subcutaneous fibrosis, osteonecrosis, larynx oedema), locoregional tumour control and SF2 of primary fibroblasts was found using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, log-rank test and Mann-Whitney U-test. Although a steep dose-response relationship was observed for the radiation-induced severe larynx oedema, Cox proportional hazards regression analysis could not fully explain the occurrence of severe radiation-induced larynx oedema with the dose to the larynx (P = 0.09). In the subgroup of twenty-five patients, where the SF2 was determined, bivariate analysis revealed about the same non-significant influence of the dose to the larynx on the larynx oedema (P = 0.1) and no influence of the SF2 (P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS In our study of patients with advanced cancer of the head and neck, neither the normal fibroblast SF2 nor the severity of acute radiation effects were able to predict late radiation effects or locoregional tumour control.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rudat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Wenz F, Greiner S, Germa F, Mayer K, Latz D, Weber KJ. Radiochemotherapy with paclitaxel: synchronization effects and the role of p53. Strahlenther Onkol 1999; 175 Suppl 3:2-6. [PMID: 10554637 DOI: 10.1007/bf03215919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have studied the interaction of paclitaxel (Taxol) and radiation in V79 cells and human lymphoblasts with special emphasis on cell cycle effects and the role of p53. MATERIAL AND METHODS V79 cells in log- and plateau-phase and human lymphoblasts (p53wt TK6 and p53mut WTK1) were used. Paclitaxel was given for 2 hours. Survival was determined using clonogenic assays. Cell cycle analysis was done using DNA flow cytometry. RESULTS In V79 cells there was a dose dependent delay of colony formation after paclitaxel. The LD50 was about 0.4 microM with a 2-hour exposure. In exponentially growing cells, there was an accumulation of 40% of cells in G2/M 6 hours after paclitaxel. The dose modification factor was about 3.9 when radiation was given 6 hours after 0.3 microM paclitaxel for 2 hours. Synchronization experiments using serum starvation and induction showed that synchronization was not sufficient to induce a comparable dose modification factor. Human lymphoblasts with mutated p53 (WTK1, LD50 = 75 microM) were more resistant to paclitaxel than wild type p53 cells (TK6, LD50 = 25 microM). CONCLUSION The radiosensitization induced by paclitaxel was critically dependent on the timing of irradiation and chemotherapy, although synchronization alone was not sufficient to explain the dose modification. Lymphoblasts with mutated p53 were less sensitive than wild type p53 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wenz
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg.
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Geiger C, Weber KJ, Wenz F. Radiation induced chromosome aberrations and clonogenic survival in human lymphoblastoid cell lines with different p53 status. Strahlenther Onkol 1999; 175:289-92. [PMID: 10392171 DOI: 10.1007/bf02743582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To better understand the relation of radiation induced chromosome aberrations and clonogenic survival in cells with different p53 status. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human lymphoblasts TK6 and WTK1 were derived from the same donor, but differ in radiosensitivity, p53 status and kinetics of apoptosis. TK6 cells have wild type p53 (p53wt), whereas WTK1 cells have a mutated, non-functional p53 (p53mut). Additionally, a HPV16 E6 transfected TK6 cell line (TK6E6), which is also negative for p53 function (p53neg), was studied. The cells were irradiated, incubated with colcemid, hypotonically lysed and fixed. After staining with Giemsa, asymmetric chromosomal exchange type aberrations were counted in 50 mitoses each per dose point (0 to 4 Gy). Clonogenic survival was determined using the microtiter plate assay. All experiments were performed in triplicate. RESULTS WTK1 (p53mut) show a higher spontaneous frequency of chromosome aberrations than TK6 (p53wt). No significant differences were noted in radiation induced aberration frequency. TK6E6 (p53neg) show comparable aberration frequencies like TK6. However, the dose required to reduce survival to 10% (D10) was about 2 Gy for TK6 and TK6E6, whereas the D10 for WTK1 was approximately 3 Gy. CONCLUSION The p53 status influences the radiosensitivity in this lymphoblast cell system showing a high rate of radiation induced apoptosis. Cells with p53mut (WTK1), survive with a damaged genome, because they do not undergo apoptosis to loose their clonogenicity. There was no difference between the p53wt (TK6) and p53neg cells (TK6E6) suggesting a suppression of radiation induced apoptosis by p53mut.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geiger
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Lohr F, Hof H, Weber KJ, Latz D, Wenz F. X-ray induced changes in immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in V79 hamster fibroblasts. Strahlenther Onkol 1998; 174:575-9. [PMID: 9830439 DOI: 10.1007/bf03038295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ist a 36 kD protein that is involved in DNA-replication and -repair. For V79 hamster cells, a mutated p53 and a so-called "adaptive response", an improved radiation tolerance after pre-irradiation with low X-ray doses hours before definitive irradiation with higher doses have been reported. To better understand the role of PCNA after photon irradiation in vivo, using flow cytometry, we studied the immunochemical PCNA-staining in V79 cells after irradiation with 6-MeV photons with and without serum depletion and with and without low-dose pre-irradiation under different growth conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using V79 hamster cells, BrdUrd incorporation, total and DNA-bound PCNA were measured for exponential cells and for confluent cells at different times (up to 14 days) after reaching confluence. Cells were either grown with medium containing 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) or 0.5% FCS. Six days after reaching confluence, cells were irradiated with 1 Gy (and 8 Gy for non-serum-depleted cells) (6-MV photons, 2 Gy/min). Then, immunochemical PCNA-staining was measured by flow cytometry at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min after irradiation. For studying the adaptive response, exponentially growing cells and cells that were 6 days in confluence were pretreated with 0.01 Gy, reincubated for 5 h and then definitively treated with 1 Gy and harvested and processed as described above. RESULTS Four days after reaching confluence, DNA-bound PCNA and BrdUrd content were reduced to a minimum of < 15% positive cells while total PCNA remained essentially unchanged. After irradiation with 1 Gy 6 days after reaching confluence, cells grown with 10% FCS showed a moderate but distinct transient increase in DNA-bound PCNA at 30 min after irradiation. After irradiation with 8 Gy, there was no clear increase at 30 min but a more distinct decrease at 60 min, implying that the increase might occur earlier in the time course at higher doses. Total cellular PCNA and BrdUrd uptake were constant during the first 2 hours after irradiation. In cells that were kept with serum depleted medium for 6 days after reaching confluence, total PCNA was reduced and no changes in either DNA-bound PCNA or BrdUrd-uptake were observed after irradiation. When cells were primed with a dose of 0.01 Gy 5 h before subsequent treatment with 1 Gy, neither for exponentially growing cells nor for those in confluence a significant difference in the detected amount of PCNA (total and DNA-bound) or BrdUrd was observed when compared to cells treated without a priming dose. CONCLUSIONS The moderate X-ray induced DNA association of PCNA is indicative for ongoing DNA repair but appears to require serum stimuli. However, this p53-independent pathway involving PCNA does not seem to be the most relevant for survival in these rodent cells that tolerate much residual damage. Furthermore, no adaptive response for DNA-association of PCNA could be detected in V79 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lohr
- Abteilung Klinische Radiologie, Universität Heidelberg.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Calculations on the basis of the LQ-model have been focussed on the possible radiobiological equivalence between common continuous low dose rate irradiation (CLDR) and a superfractionated irradiation (PDR = pulsed dose rate) provided that the same total dose will be prescribed in the same overall time as with the low doserate. A clinically usable fractionation scheme for brachytherapy was recommended by Brenner and Hall and should replace the classical CLDR brachytherapy with line sources with an afterloading technique using a stepping source. The hypothes is that LDR equivalency can be achieved by superfractionation was tested by means of in vitro experiments on V79 cells in monolayer and spheroid cultures as well as on HeLa monolayers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Simulating the clinical situation in PDR brachytherapy, fractionation experiments were carried out in the dose rate gradient of afterloading sources. Different dose levels were produced with the same number of fractions in the same overall incubation time. The fractionation schedules which were to be compared with a CLDR reference curve were: 40 x 0.47 Gy, 20 x 0.94 Gy, 10 x 1.88 Gy, 5 x 3.76 Gy, 2 x 9.4 Gy given in a period of 20 h and 1 x 18.8 Gy as a "single dose" exposition. As measured by flow cytometry, the influence of the dose rate in the pulse on cell survival and on cell cycle distribution under superfractionation was examined on V79 cells. RESULTS V79 spheroids as a model for a slowly growing tumor, reacted according to the radiobiological calculations, as a CLDR equivalency was achieved with increasing fractionation. Rapidly growing V79 monolayer cells showed an inverse fractionation effect. A superfractionated irradiation with pulses of 0.94 Gy/h respectively 0.47 Gy/0.5 h was significantly more effective than the CLDR irradiation. This inverse fractionation effect in log-phase V79 cells could be attributed to the accumulation of cycling cells in the radiosensitive G2/M phase (G2 block) during protected exposure which was drastically more pronounced for the pulsed scheme. HeLa cells were rather insensitive to changes of fractionation. Superfractionation as well as hypofractionation yielded CLDR equivalent survival curves. CONCLUSIONS The fractionation scheme, derived from the PDR theory to achieve CLDR equivalent effects, is valid for many cell lines, however not for all. Proliferation and dose rate dependend cell cycle effects modify predictions derived from the sublethal damage recovery model and can influence acute irradiation effects significantly. Dose rate sensitivity and rapid proliferation favour cell cycle effects and substantiate, applied to the clinical situation, the possibility of a higher effectiveness of the pulsed irradiation on rapidly growing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fritz
- Abteilung Strahlentherapie, Radiologische Klinik, Universität Heidelberg
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Kraxenberger F, Weber KJ, Friedl AA, Eckardt-Schupp F, Flentje M, Quicken P, Kellerer AM. DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells exposed to gamma-rays and very heavy ions. Fragment-size distributions determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Radiat Environ Biophys 1998; 37:107-115. [PMID: 9728743 DOI: 10.1007/s004110050102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was assessed after treatment of mammalian cells (V79) with densely ionizing radiation. Cells were exposed to beams of heavy charged particles (calcium ions: 6.9 MeV/u, 2.1.10(3) keV/microm; uranium ions: 9.0 MeV/u, 1.4.10(4) keV/microm) at the linear accelerator UNILAC of GSI, Darmstadt. DNA was isolated in agarose plugs and subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis under conditions that separated DNA fragments of size 50 kbp to 5 Mbp. The measured fragment distributions were compared to those obtained after gamma-irradiation and were analyzed by means of a convolution and a deconvolution technique. In contrast to the finding for gamma-radiation, the distributions produced by heavy ions do not correspond to the random breakage model. Their marked overdispersion and the observed excess of short fragments reflect spatial clustering of DSB that extends over large regions of the DNA, up to several mega base pairs (Mbp). At fluences of 0.75 and 1.5/microm2, calcium ions produce nearly the same shape of fragment spectrum, merely with a difference in the amount of DNA entering the gel; this suggests that the DNA is fragmented by individual calcium ions. At a fluence of 0.8/microm2 uranium ions produce a profile that is shifted to smaller fragment sizes in comparison to the profile obtained at a fluence of 0.4/microm2; this suggests cumulative action of two separate ions in the formation of fragments. These observations are not consistent with the expectation that the uranium ions, with their much larger LET, should be more likely to produce single particle action than the calcium ions. However, a consideration of the greater lateral extension of the tracks of the faster uranium ions explains the observed differences; it suggests that the DNA is closely coiled so that even DNA locations several Mbp apart are usually not separated by less than 0. 1 or 0.2 microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kraxenberger
- Institute of Radiation Biology, GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Latz D, Fleckenstein K, Eble M, Blatter J, Wannenmacher M, Weber KJ. Radiosensitizing potential of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine) within the cell cycle in vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 41:875-82. [PMID: 9652852 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine; dFdCyd) is a new deoxycitidine analog which exhibits substantial activity against solid tumors and radiosensitizing properties in vitro. To examine cell cycle-specific effects of a combined treatment with gemcitabine and radiation, the in vitro clonogenic survival of two different cell lines was measured for cells from log-phase culture, G1 and S-phase cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS Chinese hamster (V79) and human colon carcinoma (Widr) cells were exposed to different radiation doses and for different points of time relative to gemcitabine treatment (2 h). Experiments were also carried out with different cell-cycle populations obtained after mitotic selection (V79) or after serum stimulation of plateau-phase cells (Widr). The resulting survival curves were analyzed according to the LQ model, and mean inactivation doses (MID) and the cell cycle-specific enhancement ratios (ER) were calculated from the survival curve parameters. RESULTS Effectiveness of combined treatment of log-phase cells was greatest when cells were irradiated at the end of the gemcitabine exposure [ER: 1.28 (V79), 1.24 (Widr)]. For later times after the removal of the drug, radiosensitization declined, approaching independent toxicity. From the time course of interactive-type damage decay half-life values of 75 min (V79) and 92 min (Widr) were derived. Gemcitabine did not radiosensitize G1 Widr cells or V79 cells from the G1/S border, but substantial radiosensitization was observed for the S-phase cell preparations [ER: 1.45 (V79-lateS), 1.57 (Widr)]. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of cells with gemcitabine immediately before irradiation eliminates, or at least greatly reduces, the variation in radiosensitivity during the cell cycle that is manifested by radioresistance during S phase. This reversal of S-phase radioresistance could imply that gemcitabine interferes with the potentially lethal damage repair/fixation pathway. Other approaches have been taken to overcome S-phase radioresistance, such as hyperthermia or densely ionizing radiation, and combined treatments with dFdCyd could prove of value to complement such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Latz
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Combined radiochemotherapy has gained increasing interest in clinical applications. The effects of combined exposure of ionizing radiation and 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide (4HOOIF) on cell survival were investigated in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clonogenic survival of log phase V79, Caski (squamous carcinoma), Widr (colon carcinoma) and MRI-221 cells (human melanoma) was determined after combined exposure to 4HOOIF and radiation. Measurement of cell survival for different cell cycle phases was performed after mitotic shake-off (V79) or appropriate intervals after serum stimulation of plateau phase cells (Widr). Control of cell cycle distribution was performed using flow cytometry. RESULTS In all cell lines tested, a combined exposure resulted in cell killing that was greater than for independent action. While this type of radiosensitization was of minor magnitude for log-phase cells or cells in G1 substantial radiosensitization was detected for S-phase cells with enhancement ratios (calculated from the respective mean inactivation doses) of up to 1.5. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the interaction of 4HOOIF and radiation-induced cell damage with marked cell cycle specificity. Since the largest combination effect was observed for the most radioresistant S-phase cells, damage interaction could be mediated by an interference of 4HOOIF with the repair/fixation pathway of radiation-induced potentially lethal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Latz
- Department of Radiotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Rudat V, Küpper JH, Weber KJ. Trans-dominant inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation leads to decreased recovery from ionizing radiation-induced cell killing. Int J Radiat Biol 1998; 73:325-30. [PMID: 9525261 DOI: 10.1080/095530098142428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of nuclear proteins catalysed by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP). PARP is strongly activated by DNA strand breaks and is thought to be involved in DNA repair, and various chemical agents that inhibit poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation have radiosensitizing properties. An alternative, highly specific (trans-dominant) inhibition of PARP function has been made possible with a molecular genetic approach where CO60 hamster cells were transfected with the PARP DNA-binding domain (DBD) under the control of a Dexamethasone (Dex)-inducible promoter. Stable transfectants were incubated with or without Dex and the impact of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation on cellular radiation response (clonogenic survival) was measured following irradiation at high or low dose-rate or when potentially lethal damage (PLD) recovery was allowed. For acute exposures the radiosensitizing effect of PARP inhibition could be confirmed and a large enhancement ratio (calculated from the respective mean inactivation doses) of 2.2 was found for plateau phase cells. Both cellular recovery phenomena (dose-rate sparing and PLD) were decreased in the presence of Dex, and particularly PLD-recovery was nearly completely abolished due to the inhibition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The latter finding strongly suggests an involvement of PARP in the repair of DNA double-strand breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rudat
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Rudat V, Dietz A, Conradt C, Weber KJ, Flentje M. In vitro radiosensitivity of primary human fibroblasts. Lack of correlation with acute radiation toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer. Radiother Oncol 1997; 43:181-8. [PMID: 9192965 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(97)01933-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There is a considerable hope among clinicians and radiobiologists to detect genetically radiosensitive patients prior to radiotherapy. A predictive assay would enable adjustment of the total irradiation dose to the individual at a constant risk of normal tissue complications. In this prospective study, the clonogenic survival assay for primary human fibroblasts to determine radiosensitivity in vitro was evaluated and then correlated with clinically observed acute radiation reactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-five independent survival experiments with primary fibroblasts derived from 63 biopsies from 55 cancer and non-cancer patients were performed. RESULTS A wide variation of cell survival between biopsies was detected. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significantly larger interindividual than intraindividual variation of SF2 values. However, a considerable scatter of SF2 values in repeated experiments was observed in individual cases. Age, gender, disease status (cancer patient, non-cancer patient) and origin of fibroblasts (skin, periodontal tissue) were demonstrated not to be statistically significant confounding factors on the intrinsic radiosensitivity in vitro. In a prospective study, no correlation of the SF2 and acute reactions in 25 patients with head and neck cancer treated with a primary accelerated radiochemotherapy was detected. CONCLUSION Our data show that the clonogenic assay is able to distinguish between intrinsic radiosensitivities of primary human fibroblasts if a statistical approach is used but does not predict acute radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rudat
- Klinische Radiologie, Abt. Strahlentherapie, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
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Latz D, Dewey WC, Flentje M, Lohr F, Wenz F, Weber KJ. Migration patterns in pulsed-field electrophoresis of DNA restriction fragments from log-phase mammalian cells after irradiation and incubation for repair. Int J Radiat Biol 1996; 70:637-46. [PMID: 8980660 DOI: 10.1080/095530096144518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An assay system was developed to detect changes of restriction fragment profiles obtained after pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for DNA from mammalian cells that were irradiated and incubated for repair. DNA was prepared from irradiated log-phase human melanoma cells (MRI 221) after incubation for repair (6 h) and was digested with the rare-cutting restriction enzyme NotI (RE) prior to PFGE separation. DNA-fragment size distributions were compared to the respective PFGE profiles from unirradiated controls. After doses of 5 and 10 Gy (plus a 6-h incubation for repair), the relative amount of DNA retained in the plug during PFGE was increased. For higher doses (30 and 60 Gy), this phenomenon was superimposed by the residual fragmentation (25-30% of the initial breakage of 0.42 dsb/100 Mbp/Gy). Since irradiated cells accumulated in S phase during incubation for repair, a correction for the reduced electrophoretic migration of DNA from S-phase cells was necessary, and a 0.5% increase in DNA retention per 1% S-phase increment was found. However, the % retention for the 5 Gy plus repair sample was significantly higher than for the S-phase adjusted control (p < 0.01). Radiation induced DNA-protein crosslinks cannot account for the observed phenomenon because of the extensive proteolysis in DNA preparation, and also a loss of restriction enzyme recognition sites appear to be an unlikely explanation from simple quantitative considerations. Based on the recent observation of misrejoining during dsb repair, it is proposed that the incorrect joining of DNA ends also causes a more random distribution of replicating DNA in restriction fragments derived from cells in S phase after incubation for repair. This process would necessarily increase the proportion of DNA unable to migrate in PFGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Latz
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Fritz P, Weber KJ, Frank C, Flentje M. Differential effects of dose rate and superfractionation on survival and cell cycle of V79 cells from spheroid and monolayer culture. Radiother Oncol 1996; 39:73-9. [PMID: 8735496 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8140(96)01711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments concerning brachytherapy suggest conditions for an equivalence between the common continuous low dose rate (CLDR) exposure and pulsed irradiation regimens (PDR), provided that total dose is administered in the same overall time. The respective theoretical considerations have been based solely on the phenomenon of sublethal damage recovery. The present study, therefore, aimed to assess a possible influence of growth state/cell cycle progression when CLDR and different super fractionation protocols are compared. The respective experiments were performed with V79 cells that can be grown as a rapidly proliferating monolayer culture or as small spheroids (without hypoxia) where most of the cells are out of cycle. Differential changes in cell cycle distribution occurring during the compared exposure schemes and their impact on cell survival were expected to be expressed most clearly with this model system because of the short G1 phase. Cell irradiations were performed with brachytherapy sources either continuously (137Cs) or with high dose rate pulses (192Ir) at different (1 h and 4 h) pulse repetitions whereby the overall dose rate was kept constant to approximately 1 Gy/h. Cell survival curves were generated by sampling cells at different exposure times or number of pulses, respectively. For spheroid cells an unequivocal decrease of effectivity was demonstrated with decreasing dose per pulse, and the dose effect relation obtained with hourly pulses of 1 Gy was indistinguishable from the CLDR response. For monolayer cells, on the contrary, the scheme of hourly pulses was significantly more effective than the CLDR irradiation. As measured by flow cytometry, this different behaviour could be attributed to the accumulation of cycling cells in the radiosensitive G2/M phase (G2 block) during protracted exposure which was drastically more pronounced for the pulsed scheme compared to the CLDR condition. The observed principle phenomenon of a block to cell cycle progression from high dose rate pulses (at low overall dose rate) may be less expressed in (human) cells having a long G1 period, but if applicable to a clinical situation, an increase of acute effectiveness of a superfractionated brachytherapy protocol has to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fritz
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Löbrich M, Ikpeme S, Haub P, Weber KJ, Kiefer J. DNA double-strand break induction in yeast by X-rays and alpha-particles measured by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Int J Radiat Biol 1993; 64:539-46. [PMID: 7902393 DOI: 10.1080/09553009314551751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to separate the chromosomes of the diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 211*B after irradiation with X-rays and alpha-particles. After electrophoresis, gels were stained with ethidium bromide, placed on a UV-transilluminator and photographed with a digitizing camera connected to a personal computer. The pictures obtained were processed with the help of specially developed software which allows for the correction of the camera's shading effect and background fluorescence. Linearity between DNA amount and fluorescence was demonstrated. Fluorescence intensity for the band with the lowest electrophoretic mobility was found to decrease exponentially with dose. Based on the known size of the native DNA molecules, double-strand break yields could be calculated. These were found to be (8.2 +/- 0.4) and (14.8 +/- 0.5)10(-12) (g/mol)-1 Gy-1 for 80 keV X-rays and 3.5 MeV 241Am alpha-particles respectively which gives a relative biological effectiveness of 1.8 +/- 0.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Löbrich
- Strahlenzentrum, Justus Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Cell killing and the production of DNA double-strand breaks (dsbs) were measured in parallel for V79 cells and a human tumour cell line (Caski) following exposure to radiations of differing linear energy transfer (LET) including accelerated heavy ions. Dsb induction was assessed by neutral filter elution (pH 7.4) and elution from agarose plugs in pulsed-field electrophoresis. The elution data were consistent with linear lesion induction and allowed to derive dsb yields or production cross-sections (sigma dsb), respectively. Both cell lines as well as the two elution approaches gave comparable results. sigma dsb was found to rise up to the heaviest ions used (LET = 11,500 keV/microns) but relative biological effectiveness was always smaller than unity. Slopes of the exponential survival curves (final slope with 60Co-radiation) were normalized to the respective dsb yields and allowed to calculate the relative lethality per induced dsb. This parameter increased with LET up to about 300 keV/microns followed by a steep decline for the very heavy ions. The extent of dsb rejoining was concomitantly reduced with ionization density.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Weber
- Radiologische Klinik, Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Hamster V79 fibroblast cells and human squamous carcinoma cells (Caski) were exposed to 60Co radiation and DNA double-strand break (dsb) induction was analysed by DNA elution at neutral pH from polycarbonate filter or out of an agarose matrix in pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE). While dsb yields were equal for the two cell lines (using 125-iodine calibration) a reduced responsiveness of filter elution was found for V79 versus Caski cells. This difference could be abolished when additional single-strand breaks (ssb) were introduced by an incubation at 10(-4) M H2O2 for up to 40 min that itself did not give a response in neutral elution. No such lack of specificity for the detection of dsb was seen in electrophoretic elution where also the influence of peroxide incubation was absent. The presumed potential of ssb to modify dsb detection was paralleled by the kinetics of dsb rejoining: a pronounced transient increase of DNA elution from filters was observed for V79 cells (less prominent with Caski cells) at 15-40 which is thought to reflect the occurrence of secondary ssb from incisions during base damage repair. Rejoining measured by PFGE did not show this behaviour. The results suggest that ssb may aid decondensation of the chromatin during lysis of cells required for an efficient release of dsb fragments when supported on filters, but which depends on cell type and is less critical in electrophoretic elution out of an agarose matrix. This involvement of ssb in the neutral filter elution assay appears to be contrary to published data obtained with different experimental systems. The finding of an increase of DNA elution from filters due to hyperthermia at 45 degrees C is also taken to indicate an involvement of non-dsb chromatin damage in the response of filter elution at neutral pH with V79 but not with Caski cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flentje
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Frank C, Weber KJ, Fritz P, Flentje M. Increased dose-rate effect in V79-multicellular aggregates (spheroids). Relation to initial DNA lesions and repair. Radiother Oncol 1993; 26:264-70. [PMID: 8316657 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8140(93)90269-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Survival of exponentially growing V79 monolayer cells was measured after irradiation at low dose-rate (up to 1.1 Gy/h) and at high dose-rate (2.5 Gy/min) and compared to corresponding survival data of V79 spheroid cells. The so-called contact effect, the increased radioresistance of cells irradiated in spheroids, was expressed to a greater extent with low dose-rate exposure. Lesion fixation by hypertonic treatment was more pronounced in spheroid versus monolayer cells and abolished the contact effect. The reduced radiosensitivity of V79 spheroid cells could not be related to a reduced number of initial DNA lesions or a higher capacity to rejoin DNA breaks (measured by neutral elution). These findings suggest that the ratio of lesion repair to fixation/misrepair may differ between cells from spheroids and monolayer culture thus influencing the response of cells to dose-rate changes differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Frank
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Straaten H, Weber KJ, Kiefer J. Protein synthesis in irradiated cells. I. Ultraviolet radiation. Radiat Res 1992; 129:177-83. [PMID: 1734448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excision-deficient haploid yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were exposed to 254-nm UV radiation and protein synthesis inhibition was measured for a large number of different proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The derived UV-radiation sensitivities exhibited an overall increase with protein molar mass. Quantitatively, this behavior is compatible with a well known mechanism of transcription inactivation--termination of RNA chains at UV-radiation-induced pyrimidine dimers--if the respective target sizes are inferred from protein molar mass. The observed deviations from the predicted response suggest that (i) UV-radiation damage may also interfere with recognition/binding of RNA polymerase to regulatory sequences and (ii) the frequency of photolesions for a specific protein encoding gene may differ markedly from the mean induction rate for the total yeast genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Straaten
- Strahlenzentrum der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
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Weber KJ, Schneider E, Kiefer J, Kraft G. Heavy ion effects on yeast: inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis. Radiat Res 1990; 123:61-7. [PMID: 2196632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diploid wild-type yeast cells were exposed to beams of heavy ions covering a wide range of linear energy transfer (LET) (43-13,700 keV/microns). Synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was assessed as a functional measure of damage produced by particle radiation. An exponential decrease of relative rRNA synthesis with particle fluence was demonstrated in all cases. The inactivation cross sections derived were found to increase with LET over the entire range of LET studied. The corresponding values for relative biological effectiveness were slightly less than unity. Maximum cross sections measured were close to 1 micron 2, implying that some larger structure within the yeast nucleus (e.g., the nucleolus) might represent the target for an impairment of synthetic activity by very heavy ions rather than the genes coding for rRNA. Where tested, an oxygen effect for rRNA synthesis could not be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Weber
- Strahlenzentrum der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
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