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Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation to a Low-Protein Diet on the Growth Performance and Protein Metabolism-related Factors in Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024014. [PMID: 38726100 PMCID: PMC11074001 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A low-protein (LP) diet may alleviate the environmental impact of chicken meat production by reducing nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions. Thus, this study investigated the effect of a 15% reduced protein diet with or without amino acid (AA) supplementation on the growth performance of broiler chicks from 10 to 35 days of age and the underlying mechanism for loss of skeletal muscle mass. Thirty-six male broiler chicks were allocated to three experimental groups based on body weight: control, LP, and essential AA-supplemented LP (LP+AA). The body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and weight of breast muscles and legs significantly decreased only in the LP group at the end of the feeding period. Plasma uric acid levels were significantly lower in the LP+AA group than those of the other groups. In the LP group, mRNA levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 isoform B were significantly higher in the pectoralis major, whereas those of atrogin-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1, and myoblast determination protein 1 were significantly higher in the biceps femoris compared to those in the control group. There were no significant differences in insulin-like growth factor 1 mRNA levels in the liver or skeletal muscle between groups. These findings suggested that supplementation with essential AAs ameliorated the impaired effects of an LP diet on growth performance in broiler chicks, and that the transcriptional changes in proteolytic genes in skeletal muscles might be related to the impaired effects of the LP diet.
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Periodic and Local LED Light Switching Induces Broiler Locomotion. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024009. [PMID: 38560495 PMCID: PMC10978436 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast myopathy and leg weakness are serious problems in the broiler chicken industry. The color and intensity of light in the chicken habitat affect behavior, including walking of chicks. The present study was conducted to determine whether periodic and local light switching induces locomotion and affects wooden breast myopathy and leg weakness in broiler chicks. Thirty five-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two pens (4.72 m × 0.73 m each). In the control pen, chicks were reared under three white-light emitting diode (LED) lights until they were 42 days old. In the other pen, chicks were reared under a white LED light located in the center, supplemented with blue or red LED lights on either side of the pen. The color of the LED lights changed every 3 h, from blue and red to red and blue. From 21 d of age, all LED lights were changed and only one of the side lights was turned on every 3 h. From 35 d of age, all three white lights were turned on until 42 d of age. Periodic and local color switching and on-off switching significantly induced locomotion in broiler chicks. Wooden breast scores tended to improve with light-switching treatment. The tibia length, diameter, and breaking strength were not significantly affected. This is the first report showing that locomotion may be induced in broiler chicks by periodic and local lighting switching, and may be useful for improving the health status of broiler chicks.
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Effects of Dietary Brown Rice and Sake Lees on the Growth Performance and Color of Meat in Broiler Chicks. J Poult Sci 2024; 61:2024007. [PMID: 38425729 PMCID: PMC10898942 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.2024007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether brown rice and sake lees (domestic feed ingredients) could replace corn and soybean meal (major imported feed ingredients) in broiler chick feed. In Experiment 1, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to two groups and fed a corn-soybean- or a brown rice-soybean-based diet for three weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Dietary brown rice significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Brown rice feeding also significantly increased L* (lightness) in the thigh and significantly decreased a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) in the thigh and b* in the fat. In Experiment 2, 21-day-old broiler chicks were assigned to three groups and fed either a corn-soybean-based diet for 3 weeks, a corn-soybean-based diet for the first 2 weeks followed by a brown rice sake lees-based diet for the last week, or a brown rice sake lees-based diet for 3 weeks (3 birds × 4 replicates/group). Replacement of the imported feed ingredients significantly improved the feed conversion ratio. The a* values for the breast, thigh, and fat, and the b* values for the thigh and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 3 weeks. The a* values for the breasts and fat were significantly decreased by rice and sake lees feeding for 1 week. These results suggest that brown rice and sake lees can be used as replacements for imported feed ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in broiler chicks without detrimental effects on growth performance. These domestic feed ingredients may benefit local production and consumption of poultry in Japan.
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An extremely energetic cosmic ray observed by a surface detector array. Science 2023; 382:903-907. [PMID: 37995237 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo5095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cosmic rays are energetic charged particles from extraterrestrial sources, with the highest-energy events thought to come from extragalactic sources. Their arrival is infrequent, so detection requires instruments with large collecting areas. In this work, we report the detection of an extremely energetic particle recorded by the surface detector array of the Telescope Array experiment. We calculate the particle's energy as [Formula: see text] (~40 joules). Its arrival direction points back to a void in the large-scale structure of the Universe. Possible explanations include a large deflection by the foreground magnetic field, an unidentified source in the local extragalactic neighborhood, or an incomplete knowledge of particle physics.
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IGF-1 knockdown inhibits phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in chicken embryonic myotubes. Growth Horm IGF Res 2022; 65:101478. [PMID: 35717687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined whether auto/paracrine insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) contributes to the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in chicken myotubes. METHODS Chicken myotubes were treated with IGF-1 siRNA, and then total RNA and protein were harvested for real-time PCR and western blot analysis. RESULTS Treatment with IGF-1 siRNA inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK, but not of ribosomal protein S6, in chicken myotubes. Interestingly, IGF-1 siRNA downregulated the expression of IGF-2. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that auto/paracrine IGF-1 contributes to Akt and ERK phosphorylation in chicken myotubes.
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Atrogin-1 knockdown inhibits the autophagy-lysosome system in mammalian and avian myotubes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 271:111262. [PMID: 35750158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Atrogin-1 plays an important role in ubiquitin-proteasome proteolysis in vertebrate skeletal muscles. Recently, atrogin-1 has been shown to be involved in the autophagy-lysosome system, another proteolytic system, in the murine and fish hearts and skeletal muscles. With the aim to elucidate the effect of atrogin-1 on the autophagy-lysosome system in mammalian and avian skeletal muscles, this study has examined the effects of atrogin-1 knockdown on autophagy-lysosome-related proteins in C2C12 and chicken embryonic myotubes. Using the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II protein, it was confirmed that atrogin-1 knockdown blocked the autophagic flux in both the myotubes. In addition, atrogin-1 knockdown in C2C12 myotubes significantly decreased the level of autophagy-related gene (ATG)12-ATG5 conjugate, which is supposedly necessary for the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Atrogin-1 knockdown also resulted in downregulation of forkhead box O3, a transcription factor for ATG12. These data suggest that atrogin-1 is essential for the normal autophagy-lysosome system in the striated muscles of vertebrates.
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P-95 Bevacizumab, irinotecan and biweekly trifluridine/tipiracil for pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer: MODURATE, a phase Ib study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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8
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Development of a detector tube for rapid detection of tadalafil in adulterated dietary supplements. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of the on-demand SMILE exercise on bone strength and salivary immunoglobulin A. J Sci Med Sport 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.09.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Impact of transcatheter aortic valve implantation on coronary flow reserve by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography 1-year after the intervention in severe aortic stenosis patients. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Coronary flow reserve (CFR) which is one of indexes reflecting coronary microcirculation in patients without significant epicardial coronary lesions can be impaired in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). It has been shown that CFR is an independent predictor for future cardiovascular events in AS patients. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has rapidly become widespread and is becoming the standard treatment for severe AS. This procedure may have a good effect on CFR due to reduction of severe afterload in patients with severe AS. Although the recent reports evaluated change in CFR immediately and 6 months after TAVI, it has not been evaluated whether impaired CFR improves 1-year after TAVI in AS patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether impaired CFR improves 1-year after TAVI in severe AS patients with preserved LVEF.
Methods
The study population consists of consecutive 105 patients with severe AS undergoing TAVI. Exclusion criteria were atrial fibrillation, old myocardial infarction, history of coronary artery bypass grafting, significant lesions in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), moderate or severe mitral valve disease, history of valve replacement, LVEF <50% and preoperative CFR >2.2. CFR was obtained from coronary flow velocity by transthoracic echocardiography at rest and maximal hyperemia in LAD before, immediately and 1-year after TAVI. We compared CFR between before and after TAVI in the study patients who did not meet the exclusion criteria.
Results
After exclusion of 76 patients who met the exclusion criteria, the final study patients consist of 29 patients (8 male, 84.9±5.2 years). There was no significant difference in LVEF (61.3±3.4% vs 61.6±4.4%, P=0.667) and LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDVI; 58.2±9.2 mL/m2 vs 55.8±9.0 mL/m2, P=0.089) between before and immediately after TAVI. LVEF (61.0±2.8%, P=0.721) and LVEDVI (58.0±9.1 mL/m2, P=0.949) 1-year after TAVI were similar to those before TAVI. There was no significant difference in coronary flow velocity at rest between before and immediately after TAVI (27.4±8.9 vs 24.4±7.0 cm/s, P=0.051) and between before and 1-year after TAVI (25.9±8.3 cm/s, P=0.396). Coronary flow velocity at maximal hyperemia 1-year after TAVI significantly increased compared with that before TAVI (from 48.8±13.9 to 67.9±21.0 cm/s, P<0.001) while there was no significant difference between before and immediately after TAVI (52.0±12.0 cm/s, P=0.186). Impaired CFR before TAVI (1.82±0.28) increased immediately (2.03±0.39, P=0.009) and 1-year after TAVI (2.69±0.57, P<0.001).
Conclusions
The present results suggest that impaired CFR in patients with preserved LVEF improves 1-year after TAVI. TAVI may have a good effect on CFR in severe AS patients with preserved LVEF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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190 Staphylococcus cohnii can alleviate diverse skin inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Enzymatically-Synthesized Glycogen Induces Cecal Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Production and Suppresses Food Intake in Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:217-224. [PMID: 34470996 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that dietary fiber stimulates the release of satiety hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which in turn suppresses appetite. In order to evaluate appetite regulating role of enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG, one of the resistant starch), we examined the effects of dietary supplementation of ESG on food intake and cecal proglucagon gene expression in normal and high fat diet-fed mice. Twenty four male ICR mice were weighed and assigned to four groups: normal diet group; normal diet containing 25% ESG group; high-fat diet (HFD) group; HFD containing 25% ESG group. Each group was fed the relevant diets for 3 wk. All data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA with the main effects of HFD and ESG. ESG significantly decreased food intake and increased the weight of the cecum and cecal content. Plasma total short chain fatty acids concentration was significantly elevated by ESG. The mRNA levels of proglucagon in the cecum and plasma total GLP-1 concentration were significantly increased by ESG. The mRNA levels of appetite regulating neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, proopiomelanocortin, and cocain- and amphetamine-regulating transcript in the hypothalamus were not influenced by ESG. There is no significant interaction between diet and ESG in any parameters. These results suggest that ESG-induced upregulation of GLP-1 production in the cecum suppresses food intake in mice and that fecal fermentation may be involved in the anorexigenic effect.
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LBA63 Placebo-controlled, double-blinded phase Ⅲ study comparing dexamethasone on day 1 with dexamethasone on days 1 to 4, with combined neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, palonosetron, and olanzapine in patients receiving cisplatin-containing highly emetogenic chemotherapy: SPARED trial. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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10P DS-6000a, a novel CDH6-targeting antibody-drug conjugate with a novel DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor DXd, demonstrates potent antitumor activity in preclinical models. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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1418P Chronological improvement in the survival of advanced gastric cancer patients in the past 15 years. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
To promote radiation protection and health promotion among returning residents (returnees) in coastal areas of Fukushima, eHealth principles were used to develop a new application tool (app) that can record radiation exposure and health status while providing comprehensive support to returnees. Intended users are returnees and health and welfare workers. After assessing their needs, a flowchart and prototype for operational logic were created using commercially available software tools. Professional developers will focus on improving the user interface and ensuring data security. The finished app will be compatible with mobile telephones and tablets. Utility and ease of use are paramount to serve returnees of all ages effectively.
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Central administration of insulin and refeeding lead to Akt and ERK phosphorylation in the chicken medulla. Neurosci Lett 2021; 758:136008. [PMID: 34098027 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether medullary cellular signaling pathways contribute to feeding regulation in chickens. Fasting inhibited the phosphorylated protein and its rates of ERK but not Akt in the chicken medulla, while refeeding promoted Akt and ERK. Intraperitoneal administration of sulfate cholecystokinin 8 did not affect medullary Akt and ERK phosphorylation in chickens. Intracerebroventricular administration of insulin significantly induced the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the chicken medulla. These findings suggest that the medullary Akt and ERK pathways are involved in the appetite-suppressive pathway of insulin in chickens.
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Peripheral regulation of food intake in chickens: adiposity signals, satiety signals and others. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1898296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Effects of fasting and re-feeding on the expression of CCK, PYY, hypothalamic neuropeptides, and IGF-related genes in layer and broiler chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110940. [PMID: 33785435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) have been investigated as gut hormones that send satiation signals to the brain in mammals. There is evidence that chicken PYY mRNA expression was the highest in the pancreas compared to other tissues. We recently suggested that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its binding proteins (IGFBPs) may be involved in the appetite regulation system in chicks. In the present study, in order to evaluate the possible roles of CCK, PYY, and IGF-related proteins in the appetite regulation system in chicks, we analyzed changes in the mRNA levels of these genes in response to fasting and re-feeding in layer and hyperphagic broiler chicks. In layer chicks, 12 h of fasting reduced the mRNA levels of intestinal CCK, PYY, Y2 receptor, and pancreatic PYY, and these changes were reversed by 12 h of re-feeding. On the other hand, in broiler chicks 12 h of fasting reduced the mRNA levels of intestinal PYY and Y2 receptor, but not intestinal CCK and pancreatic PYY, and these changes were reversed by 12 h of re-feeding. Hypothalamic NPY mRNA significantly increased by 12 h of fasting in both chicks, and these changes were reversed by re-feeding. Also, 12 h of fasting significantly increased the mRNA levels of hypothalamic agouti-related protein and reduced the mRNA levels of hepatic IGF-1 only in broiler chicks, and 12 h of re-feeding did not change these. IGFBP-1 and -2 mRNA levels were markedly increased by 12 h of fasting in both chicks, and these changes were reversed by re-feeding. IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were increased by 12 h of fasting only in layer chicks, while re-feeding reduced the mRNA levels of IGFBP-3 in both types of chicks. These results suggest that several peripheral hormones, such as pancreatic PYY and intestinal CCK, may not play important roles in the regulation of food intake in broiler chicks.
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Central administration of insulin-like growth factor-2 suppresses food intake in chicks. Neurosci Lett 2021; 751:135797. [PMID: 33727127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-2 is a multifunctional hormone with structural and functional similarity to IGF-1 in mammals and chickens. We previously showed that intracerebroventricular administration of IGF-1 suppresses food intake in chicks. Also, central administration of IGF-2 suppresses food intake in rats. In the present study, we evaluated whether IGF-2 is involved in the regulation of food intake in chicks. We also examined the effects of fasting on the mRNA levels of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the liver and hypothalamus, because IGFBPs bind IGF-1 and -2 in plasma and block their binding to the receptors, and locally expressed IGFBPs also influence IGFs binding to the receptors in mammals. Intracerebroventricular administration of IGF-2 significantly suppressed food intake in chicks. The mRNA levels of IGFBPs in the hypothalamus were not affected by six hours of fasting. On the other hand, six hours of fasting markedly increased the mRNA levels of hepatic IGFBP-1 and -2 (5.47- and 6.95-fold, respectively). The mRNA levels of IGFBP-3 were also significantly increased (1.36-fold) by six hours of fasting, whereas the mRNA levels of IGF-2, IGFBP-4, and -5 were unchanged. These findings suggest that circulating IGF-2 may be involved in satiety signals, but its physiological role may be regulated by IGFBPs production in the liver in chicks.
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Differential regulation of protein synthesis by skeletal muscle type in chickens. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 284:113246. [PMID: 31415729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In mammalian skeletal muscles, protein synthesis rates vary according to fiber types. We herein demonstrated differences in the regulatory mechanism underlying the protein synthesis in the pectoralis major (a glycolytic twitch muscle), adductor superficialis (an oxidative twitch muscle), and adductor profound (a tonic muscle) muscles of 14-day-old chickens. Under ad libitum feeding conditions, protein synthesis is significantly higher in the adductor superficialis muscle than in the pectoralis major muscle, suggesting that protein synthesis is upregulated in oxidative muscles in chickens, similar to that in mammals. In the pectoralis major muscle, fasting significantly inhibited the Akt/S6 pathway and protein synthesis with a corresponding decrease in plasma insulin concentration. Conversely, the insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA levels significantly increased. These findings suggest that the insulin/Akt/S6 pathway plays an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis in the pectoralis major muscle. Interestingly, protein synthesis in the adductor superficialis muscle appears to be regulated in an Akt-independent manner, because fasting significantly decreased S6 phosphorylation and protein synthesis without affecting Akt phosphorylation. In the adductor profound muscle, IGF-1 expression, phosphorylation of Akt and S6, and protein synthesis were decreased by fasting, suggesting that insulin and/or skeletal IGF-1 appear contribute to protein synthesis via the Akt/S6 pathway. These findings revealed the differential regulation of protein synthesis depending on skeletal muscle types in chickens.
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Eribulin in BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer: case series and potential rationale. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:1330-1331. [PMID: 29635451 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in the Central Regulation of Feeding Behavior in Chicks. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:270-276. [PMID: 32055224 PMCID: PMC7005399 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a key regulator of muscle development and metabolism in chickens. Recently, we have demonstrated that intracerebroventricular administration of IGF-1 significantly decreased food intake in broiler chicks. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the IGF-1-induced anorexia and the anorexigenic effect of IGF-1 in different strains of commercial chicks have not been investigated. Neuropeptide Y (NPY, a hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide), agouti-related protein (AgRP, a hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide), and proopiomelanocortin (POMC, the precursor of hypothalamic anorexigenic neuropeptides) play important roles in the regulation of food intake in both mammals and chickens. Evidence shows that several cell signaling pathways in the hypothalamus are involved in regulating the feeding behavior of mammals. In the present study, we first investigated the effects of IGF-1 on the expression of appetite-regulating neuropeptides and phosphorylation of signaling molecules in the hypothalamus of broiler chicks. Intracerebroventricular administration of IGF-1 significantly increased the mRNA levels of POMC, whereas the mRNA levels of NPY and AgRP were not significantly altered. IGF-1 also significantly induced the phosphorylation of v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) in the hypothalamus of chicks, but did not influence the phosphorylation of forkhead box O1, S6 protein, AMP-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. We also compared the effect of IGF-1 on food intake in broiler chicks (a hyperphagic strain of chickens) and layer chicks. Results demonstrated that the threshold of IGF-1-induced anorexia in broiler chicks was higher than that in layer chicks. Our observations suggest that hypothalamic POMC and AKT may be involved in the IGF-1-induced anorexigenic pathway and that high threshold of IGF-1-induced anorexia in broiler chicks might be one of the causes of hyperphagia in broiler chicks. Overall, it appears that IGF-1 plays important roles in the central regulation of feeding behavior in chicks.
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P2700Impact of instantaneous wave-free ratio on graft failure after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It has been reported that preoperative fractional flow reserve (FFR) is associated with graft patency after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and the patency is excellent when a bypass graft is anastomosed on a vessel with positive FFR. However, the association with graft patency has not yet been investigated in its novel counterpart, instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), and iFR sometimes contradicts FFR results.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess an impact of preoperative iFR on a graft failure after CABG in patients with coronary arteries showing positive FFR (≤0.80).
Methods
We retrospectively identified patients who had undergone preoperative coronary angiography in conjunction with resting and hyperemic intra-coronary pressure measurements, CABG, and graft evaluation by coronary computed tomography angiography. After excluding vessels with negative FFR (>0.80), vessels were divided into two groups: negative iFR group (iFR >0.89) and positive iFR group (iFR ≤0.89). The rate of graft failure within 1 year after CABG was compared between the two groups.
Results
We analyzed 131 vessels in 89 patients (35 vessels in the negative iFR group and 96 vessels in the positive iFR group). The negative iFR group showed significantly higher iFR (0.92±0.02 vs. 0.74±0.13, P<0.0001) and FFR (0.72±0.06 vs. 0.63±0.09, P<0.0001) than the positive iFR group, although percent diameter stenosis (%DS) was comparable (57±10 vs. 56±9, P=0.47). The graft failure significantly often occurred in the negative iFR group than in the positive iFR group (28.6% vs. 8.3%, P=0.0029). In order to reduce the imbalance in the baseline characteristics except for iFR, 70 vessels were selected by using propensity score matching (n=35 in each group). The propensity score matched vessels also demonstrated significantly higher rate of graft failure in the negative iFR group than in the positive iFR group (28.6% vs. 5.7%, p=0.026) despite much more balanced FFR (0.72±0.06 vs. 0.69±0.07, p=0.02) and %DS (57±10 vs. 57±9, p=1.000).
Conclusions
Even when FFR is positive, the graft failure is likely to occur when a bypass graft is anastomosed on a vessel with negative iFR compared to a vessel with positive iFR.
Acknowledgement/Funding
None
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336 Mutualistic skin bacteria protect against dermatitis via the induction of steroid biosynthesis pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Myostatin Increases Smad2 Phosphorylation and Atrogin-1 Expression in Chick Embryonic Myotubes. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:224-230. [PMID: 32055218 PMCID: PMC7005388 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is an important trait in poultry meat production. In mammals, myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, activates Smad transcription factors and induces the expression of atrogin-1 by regulating the Akt/FOXO pathway. Although the amino acid sequence of chicken myostatin is known to be completely identical to its mammalian counterpart, previous studies in chicken skeletal muscles have implied that the physiological roles of chicken myostatin are different from those of mammals. Furthermore, it remains to be elucidated whether myostatin affects cellular signaling factors and atrogin-1 expression. In this study, using chick embryonic myotubes, we found that myostatin significantly increased the phosphorylation rate of Smad2 and mRNA levels of atrogin-1. No significant change was observed in the phosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1. These in vitro results suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying myostatin-induced expression of atrogin-1 might be different between chickens and mammals.
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Modified Gant-Miwa-Thiersch procedure (mucosal plication with anal encircling) for rectal prolapse. Colorectal Dis 2019; 21:588-594. [PMID: 30673147 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Rectal prolapse (RP) is usually associated with elderly women and is well recognized as having a detrimental effect on quality of life. A number of surgical procedures for RP are available, but morbidity and mortality are substantial. The Gant-Miwa-Thiersch procedure (GMT) has been frequently used for RP in Japan. However, as GMT has a high recurrence rate it is not widely used elsewhere. The aim of this study was to evaluate a modified version of GMT (mGMT) in comparison with other procedures. METHOD mGMT was performed under spinal or local anaesthesia in 187 patients with RP. No normal mucosa was left between the tags and lateral wounds were created in the Thiersch procedure. Morbidity, mortality and recurrence rates were recorded. RESULTS No serious postoperative complications and no operative deaths occurred after mGMT. Eight per cent of patients suffered from infection of the strings. The overall recurrence rate after mGMT was 7.5% with a median follow-up period of 13.8 years. CONCLUSION On the basis of these results, we consider that mGMT has a number of advantages: it is minimally invasive, does not require general anaesthesia, is technically simple to perform and is associated with satisfactory outcomes and low morbidity. mGMT should be considered an option for the treatment of RP in elderly patients.
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Recurrent Membranous Nephropathy After Kidney Transplantation Associated With Phospholipase A2 Receptor and Successfully Treated With Rituximab: A Case Report. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:2565-2568. [PMID: 30316399 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease mainly caused by autoantibodies acting against the podocyte antigen M-type phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R). Herein we present the clinical and histologic findings, including PLA2R staining, of early recurrent MN after kidney transplantation that was successfully treated with rituximab. A 60-year-old Japanese man had end-stage renal failure due to steroid-resistant primary MN and underwent ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation. At 1 month after transplantation, a protocol biopsy revealed positive granular staining of IgG, C4d, and PLA2R on glomerular capillaries (GCs) without any abnormalities on light microscopy (LM). Although the patient had low-level proteinuria, recurrent MN was suspected based on the positive PLA2R staining; he was treated with an angiotensin receptor blocker and a single dose of 200 mg rituximab. However, proteinuria gradually increased to 877 mg/d. At 21 months after transplantation, a graft biopsy revealed spikes along the outer aspects of GC on LM, with stronger staining for PLA2R than that at 1 month after transplantation. A single dose of 500 mg rituximab was added, which effectively reduced proteinuria, and clinical remission continued until 3 years after transplantation. The latest graft biopsy showed reduced staining of PLA2R. The disease activity and therapeutic effect were well-reflected in the intensity of PLA2R staining. An approach intending an early diagnosis by protocol biopsy using PLA2R immunostaining is made and early treatment with rituximab will help reduce the risk of kidney graft loss due to recurrent primary MN.
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Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and apolipoprotein A2 isoform as early detection biomarkers for pancreatic cancer: A prospective evaluation by the EPIC study. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy269.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Usefulness of the first screening using apolipoprotein A2 isoforms as the enrichment strategy for pancreatic cancer and its risk diseases. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy282.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Relapse rates in patients with unilesional primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma treated with radiation therapy: a single-institution experience. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1172-1173. [PMID: 29761874 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Site-specific Chemotherapy Based on Predicted Primary Site by Pathological Profile for Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Site. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:667-673. [PMID: 30196846 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although platinum-based combination chemotherapies are commonly used for unfavourable subsets of cancer of unknown primary (CUP), the prognosis remains poor. Several studies have suggested that gene expression profiling or immunohistochemistry was useful for the prediction of primary sites in CUP, and site-specific therapy based on predicted primary sites might improve overall outcomes. In Japan, to identify primary sites, immunohistochemical tests were commonly used for CUP in clinical practice. However, it is unclear whether site-specific therapy based on predicted primary sites by pathological examination contributes survival benefit for unfavourable CUP subsets. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, 122 patients with unfavourable subsets of CUP were retrospectively reviewed. Ninety patients assigned to cohort A after July 2012 had received chemotherapy according to predicted primary sites; 32 patients assigned to cohort B before June 2012 had received platinum-based empiric chemotherapy. RESULTS In cohort A, 56 patients (62.2%) with predicted primary sites by pathological examination received site-specific therapy; 34 patients (37.8%) with unpredictable primary sites received platinum-based empiric chemotherapy, the same as cohort B. The median overall survival was 20.3 months in patients with predictable primary sites in cohort A and 10.7 months in those of cohort B, with a significant difference between these cohorts (P = 0.03, adjusted hazard ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.34-0.94). CONCLUSION Site-specific therapy based on predicted primary sites by pathological examination could improve prognosis in patients with an unfavourable subset of CUP.
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979 Quantitative skin microbiome analysis identified new microbial species associated with atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling regulates food intake in chicks. Neurosci Lett 2018; 670:48-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Effects of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen and Exercise on Abdominal Fat Accumulation in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:405-411. [PMID: 29332902 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The combination of diet and exercise is the first choice for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. We previously reported that enzymatically synthesized glycogen (ESG) suppresses abdominal fat accumulation in obese rats. However, the effect of the combination of ESG and exercise on abdominal fat accumulation has not yet been investigated. Our goal in this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of dietary ESG and its combination with exercise on abdominal fat accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Male ICR mice were assigned to four groups: HFD, HFD containing 20% ESG, HFD with exercise, HFD containing 20% ESG with exercise. Treadmill exercise was performed for 3 wk (25 m/min, 30 min/d, 3 d/wk) after 5-d adaption to running at that speed. Both ESG and exercise significantly reduced the weights of abdominal adipose tissues. In addition, the combination of ESG and exercise significantly suppressed abdominal fat accumulation, suggesting that ESG and exercise showed an additive effect. Exercise significantly increased the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes such as lipoprotein lipase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; factor-delta (PPARδ), carnitin palmitoyltransferase b, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and uncoupling protein-3 in the gastrocnemius muscle. On the other hand, dietary ESG significantly decreased the mRNA levels of PPARδ and ATGL in the gastrocnemius muscle. These results suggest that the combined treatment of ESG and exercise effectively suppresses abdominal fat accumulation in HFD-fed mice by different mechanisms.
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Effects of Enzymatically Synthesized Glycogen on Lipid Metabolism in Diet Induced Obese Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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The Extract of Soybean Protein Increases Slow-Myosin Heavy Chain Expression in C2C12 Myotubes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 64:296-300. [PMID: 30175795 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.64.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is composed of four types of fibers in mammals; oxidative slow-twitch type I, oxidative fast-twitch IIA, and glycolytic fast-twitch IIB and IIX/D. In this study using C2C12 myotubes, an extract of soybean protein significantly upregulated mRNA level of myosin heavy chain 7 (Myh7), the predominant isoform expressed in oxidative slow-twitch type I and downregulated mRNA levels of Myh4, the predominant isoform expressed in glycolytic fast-twitch IIB. Similarly, its hydrolysate prepared using digestive enzyme also significantly increased Myh7 expression. In contrast, no significant change was observed in Myh4 mRNA level after the hydrolysate treatment. These findings suggest that dietary intake of the soybean protein extract may increase oxidative slow-twitch fiber in skeletal muscle.
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Risk of serious adverse events and fatal adverse events with sorafenib in patients with solid cancer: a meta-analysis of phase 3 randomized controlled trials†. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:246-253. [PMID: 27771613 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sorafenib is a multikinase-tyrosine kinase inhibitor commonly used in a variety of cancers. There are concerns about the increased risk of serious adverse events (SAEs) and fatal adverse events (FAEs) with sorafenib. We performed an up-to-date meta-analysis of all phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of sorafenib to quantify the increased risk of SAEs and FAEs. Patients and methods We carried out a systematic search of electronic databases for studies published from inception to February 2016 without any restrictions. Eligibility criteria included phase 3 RCTs of solid tumors comparing sorafenib, alone or in combination with nontargeted chemotherapy (Sorafenib arm) versus placebo or nontargeted chemotherapy (control arm). Data on SAEs and FAEs for both the arms were extracted from each study and pooled to determine the overall incidence, relative risks (RRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Results Of 471 studies identified, a total of 12 phase 3 RCTs involving 6797 solid cancer patients comparing sorafenib with control met the eligibility criteria and were included. The overall incidence of SAEs and FAEs with sorafenib were 26.4% (95% CI, 18.0-36.9%) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.8-2.2%), respectively. Compared with control, sorafenib use significantly increased the risk of both SAEs (RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.18-1.89, P = 0.001) and FAEs (RR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.05-3.14, P = 0.033). This association varied significantly with cancer types (P < 0.001) and approval status (P = 0.012) for SAEs but no evidence of heterogeneity was found for FAEs. Conclusions This meta-analysis of phase 3 RCTs demonstrates an increased risk of both SAEs and FAEs with sorafenib use in adult patients with solid cancers. This quantification of increased risks of SAEs and FAEs will be important in considering the trade-off of sorafenib treatment during shared decision-making.
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Abstract
Although many reports have demonstrated that ectopic pain develops in the orofacial region following tooth pulp inflammation, which often causes misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment for patients with pulpitis, the precise mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that the functional interaction between satellite glial cells and neurons mediated by interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) is involved in ectopic orofacial pain associated with tooth pulp inflammation. The digastric muscle electromyogram (D-EMG) activity elicited by capsaicin administration into the maxillary second molar tooth pulp was analyzed to evaluate the noxious reflex and was significantly increased in rats with inflammation of the maxillary first molar (M1) versus rats injected with saline. A significant increase in the expression of connexin43 (Cx43), a gap junction containing protein, was observed in activated satellite glial cells surrounding second molar-innervating neurons in the TG after M1 pulpitis. Daily administration of Gap26, a Cx43 mimetic peptide and inhibitor, in the TG significantly suppressed the enhancement of capsaicin-induced D-EMG activity and the percentage of Fluoro-Gold (FG)-labeled cells encircled by glial fibrillary acid protein-immunoreactive (IR) + Cx43-IR cells after M1 pulp inflammation ( P < 0.01). The percentage of FG-labeled cells encircled by glial fibrillary acid protein-IR + IL-1β-IR cells, IL-1 type I receptor-IR cells labeled with FG, and TRPV1-IR cells labeled with FG significantly increased after M1 pulp inflammation ( P < 0.01). Daily administration of IL-1ra, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, into the TG significantly reduced the enhancement of capsaicin-induced D-EMG activity and the percentage of TRPV1-IR neurons labeled with FG after M1 pulp inflammation ( P < 0.01). The present findings suggest that satellite glial cell is activated in the TG via activated gap junctions composed of Cx43 following tooth pulp inflammation, which leads to the hyperactivation of remote neurons via IL-1β mechanisms and results in ectopic tooth pulp pain in the adjacent tooth.
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Next-generation sequencing of circulating tumor cells isolated from peripheral blood of patients with head and neck, and gastrointestinal cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx678.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Effects of short-term fasting on the Akt-mediated pathway involved in protein metabolism in chicken skeletal muscle. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 61:54-61. [PMID: 28710921 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we show that short-term (4 h) fasting significantly decreased the levels of protein synthesis-related factors such as the plasma insulin concentration, skeletal muscle pAkt, and pS6 levels in 2-wk-old chickens (P < 0.05). An intravenous injection of insulin significantly elevated the contents of pAkt and p-S6 in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that decreasing the plasma insulin causes the downregulation of the Akt/S6 pathway in chicken skeletal muscle under short-term fasting conditions. However, protein synthesis was not significantly affected by short-term fasting. In addition, no significant change was observed in the levels of proteolysis-related factors such as plasma Nτ-methylhistidine, phosphorylated forkhead box class O, and muscle ring finger-1 during 4-h fasting, indicating that short-term fasting does not induce skeletal muscle proteolysis in chickens. Interestingly, atrogin-1 expression significantly increased after 2-h fasting (P < 0.05), and insulin injection significantly reversed the fasting-induced atrogin-1 expression in chicken skeletal muscle (P < 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest that short-term fasting downregulates the insulin-stimulated Akt/S6 pathway but does not significantly affect protein synthesis and proteolysis in chicken skeletal muscle, and that atrogin-1 expression is upregulated in a FOXO1-independent manners.
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Central and peripheral administrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 suppress food intake in chicks. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:308-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A phase 1/2 study of ramucirumab plus nivolumab in patients with previously treated advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx369.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) by three different assays and molecular profiling in tissue microarray (TMA) of gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx369.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Analysis of efficacy and prognostic factors in second-line chemotherapy for BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx393.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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P698High cholesterol diet and angiotensin II induce spontaneous atherothrombotic occlusion of balloon-injured rabbit femoral arteries; effects of lipid-lowering therapies. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx501.p698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Recurrence of Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy with Monoclonal IgG3κ Deposits after Kidney Transplant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/aot.000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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The IGF-1/Akt/S6 pathway and expressions of glycolytic myosin heavy chain isoforms are upregulated in chicken skeletal muscle during the first week after hatching. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1779-1787. [PMID: 28594135 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass is an important trait in the animal industry. We previously reported an age-dependent downregulation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/Akt/S6 pathway, major protein synthesis pathway, in chicken breast muscle after 1 week of age, despite a continuous increase of breast muscle weight. Myosin heavy chain (HC), a major protein in muscle fiber, has several isoforms depending on chicken skeletal muscle types. HC I (fast-twitch glycolytic type) is known to be expressed in adult chicken breast muscle. However, little is known about the changes in the expression levels of protein synthesis-related factors and HC isoforms in perihatching chicken muscle. In the present study, protein synthesis-related factors, such as IGF-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, phosphorylation of Akt, and phosphorylated S6 content, increased in an age-dependent manner after post-hatch day (D) 0. The mRNA levels of HC I, III and V (fast-twitch glycolytic type) dramatically increased after D0. The increase ratio of breast muscle weight was approximately 1100% from D0 to D7. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first evidence that upregulation of protein synthesis pathway and transcription of fast twitch glycolytic HC isoforms play critical roles in the increase of chicken breast muscle weight during the first week after hatching.
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Quantitative measurement of carbon nanotubes released from their composites by thermal carbon analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/838/1/012014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Prognostic significance of gene amplification of ACTN4 in stage I and II oral tongue cancer. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 46:968-976. [PMID: 28385383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite complete resection of the early stage of oral tongue cancer by partial glossectomy, late cervical lymph node metastasis is frequently observed. Gene amplification of ACTN4 (protein name: actinin-4) is closely associated with the metastatic potential of various cancers. This retrospective study was performed to demonstrate the potential usefulness of ACTN4 gene amplification as a prognostic biomarker in patients with stage I/II oral tongue cancer. Fifty-four patients with stage I/II oral tongue cancer were enrolled retrospectively, in accordance with the reporting recommendations for tumour marker prognostic studies (REMARK) guidelines. The copy number of ACTN4 and the protein expression of actinin-4 were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. The overall survival time of patients with gene amplification of ACTN4 was significantly shorter than that of patients without gene amplification (P=0.0010, log-rank test). Gene amplification of ACTN4 was a significant independent risk factor for death in patients with stage I/II oral tongue cancer (hazard ratio 6.08, 95% confidence interval 1.66-22.27). Gene amplification of ACTN4 is a potential prognostic biomarker for overall survival in oral tongue cancer.
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