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New insight into social relationships in dairy cows and how time of birth, parity, and relatedness affect spatial interactions later in life. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1110-1123. [PMID: 37709047 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions between cows play a fundamental role in the daily activities of dairy cattle. Real-time location systems provide on a continuous and automated basis information about the position of individual cows inside barns, offering a valuable opportunity to monitor dyadic social contacts. Understanding dyadic social interactions could be applied to enhance the stability of the social structure promoting animal welfare and to model disease transmission in dairy cattle. This study aimed to identify the effect of different cow characteristics on the likelihood of the formation and persistence of social contacts in dairy cattle. The individual position of the lactating cows was automatically collected once per second for 2 wk, using an ultra-wideband system on a Swedish commercial farm consisting of almost 200 dairy cows inside a freestall barn. Social networks were constructed using the position data of 149 cows with available information on all characteristics during the study period. Social contacts were considered as a binary variable indicating whether a cow pair was within 2.5 m of each other for at least 10 min per day. The role of cow characteristics in social networks was studied by applying separable temporal exponential random graph models. Our results revealed that cows of the same parity interacted more consistently, as well as those born within 7 d of each other or closely related by pedigree. The repeatability of the topological parameters indicated a consistent short-term stability of the individual animal roles within the social network structure. Additional research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing the long-term evolution of social contacts among dairy cattle and to investigate the relationship between these networks and the transmission of diseases in the dairy cattle population.
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Message in a bubble: the translational potential of extracellular vesicles. J Physiol 2023; 601:4895-4905. [PMID: 37795936 PMCID: PMC10952456 DOI: 10.1113/jp282047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-enclosed vesicles released by cells into the extracellular milieu. They are found in all body fluids and contain a variety of functional cargo including DNA, RNA, proteins, glycoproteins and lipids, able to provoke phenotypic responses in cells, both locally and at distant sites. They are implicated in a wide array of physiological and pathological processes and hence have attracted considerable attention in recent years as potential therapeutic targets, drug delivery vehicles and biomarkers of disease. In this review we summarise the major functions of EVs in health and disease and discuss their translational potential, highlighting opportunities of - and challenges to - capitalising on our rapidly increasing understanding of EV biology for patient benefit.
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Timing of Postoperative Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Endometrial Carcinoma: A 20-Year Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Experience in China. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e555-e556. [PMID: 37785706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To investigate the appropriate timing of radiotherapy (RT) after hysterectomy for women with early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC). MATERIALS/METHODS Between 1999 and 2020, 1080 patients with I and II endometrial cancer received postoperative RT at our hospital. All patients underwent hysterectomy followed by RT. The optimal cut-off values for the surgery-RT interval (SRI) based on overall survival (OS) were determined using the R software. The disease-free survival (DFS), OS, locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Median follow-up time was 52 months. Median SRI were 46 days. The optimal cut-off value for the surgery-RT interval (SRI) based on overall survival (OS) is 40 days. The group initiated RT within 40 days following surgery has higher OS (P = 0.004), higher LRFS (P = 0.002) and higher DMFS (P = 0.039). An SRI of ≤ 40 days was independently associated with higher OS (HR 0.454, 95% CI:0.261-0.788), higher LRFS (HR 0.487, 95% CI:0.304-0.779), and higher DMFS (HR 0.643, 95% CI:0.421-0.982) than SRI of >40 days. However, SRI had no significant effect on DFS. CONCLUSION The surgery-RT interval affects the patients' survival endpoints. Based on this analysis, the timing of the initiation of RT after hysterectomy is crucial for patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma (EC). The postoperative radiation therapy for endometrial cancer should be initiated within 40 days following surgery.
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Induction Immunotherapy vs. Consolidation Immunotherapy for Unresectable Stage III NSCLC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e21. [PMID: 37784874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Consolidation immunotherapy after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care for unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether upfront immunotherapy before CRT has similar benefits has not been addressed. This study aimed at exploring the efficacy and safety of induction immunotherapy for unresectable stage III NSCLC through real-world data. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients diagnosed with stage III NSCLC who received immunotherapy in combination with sequential (sCRT) or concurrent CRT (cCRT) between November 2018 and December 2021 were retrospectively identified. Patients were divided into induction (Ind), consolidation (Con) and induction plus consolidation (Ind+Con) immunotherapy groups. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed from the initiation of treatment and estimated by Kaplan‒Meier method. The potential factors affecting PFS and OS were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. RESULTS One hundred and two patients were included, with 52 (51.0%) patients in the Ind group, 35 (34.3%) in the Con group and 15 (14.7%) in the Ind+Con group. Median PFS was 24.0 months vs. 36.0 months vs. 19.0 months in the three groups, and 2-year PFS were 43.0% vs 51.1% vs 44.4% (p = 0.940). Median OS was not reached (NR) vs. 44.0 months vs. NR, with a 2-year OS rate of 80.5% vs. 84.4% vs. 86.2% (p = 0.861). In the cCRT setting, 2-year PFS rates were 56.7% vs. 71.6% vs. 100.0% (p = 0.439), 2-year OS rates were 92.3% vs. 89.3% vs. 100.0% in the three groups (p = 0.827). In multivariate analysis, elder (HR = 0.487, p = 0.037) and cCRT (HR = 0.282, p = 0.001) were the independent factors favoring PFS, while only elder (HR = 0.088, p = 0.021) was the independent factors favoring OS. Adverse events were similar in the three arms. Further analysis found the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the Ind and Ind+Con group after induction immunotherapy were 59.7% and 98.5%, respectively. Only 1 (1.5%) patient developed progression. Subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in PFS (p = 0.520) and OS (p = 0.116) between patients who responded to induction immunotherapy (PR+CR) and those who did not (SD+PD). Patients with <4 cycles of induction immunotherapy exhibited numerically better PFS than those with ≥4 cycles of induction immunotherapy (p = 0.113) and improved OS (p = 0.021). CONCLUSION Induction immunotherapy may achieve similar survival benefits to consolidation immunotherapy, and the combination of induction and consolidation immunotherapy with cCRT appears to achieve better outcomes. It seems feasible and safe to upfront immunotherapy before CRT, and further investigations on the combination of induction immunotherapy and CRT are warranted.
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Comparison of Molecular and Clinicopathologic-Based Classifications and the Transition of Adjuvant Treatment Mode for Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e539. [PMID: 37785666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Due to the division in classification strategies based on different molecular and clinicopathologic guidelines, the current emergence of multiple molecular typing methods greatly challenges the traditional classification-guided hierarchical treatment model. MATERIALS/METHODS The early-stage ECs who underwent a total hysterectomy and comprehensive molecular analyses were analyzed consecutively between May 2021 and December 2022. All enrolled patients were performed with immunohistochemistry for lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), p53, and mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, NGS-panel Sanger sequencing for POLE exonuclease domain, and TP53. The Proactive Molecular Risk Classifier for Endometrial Cancer (ProMisE) classifier and the ESGO/ESTRO/ESP guidelines with and without molecular character were respectively employed to reclassify the enrolled patients. Categorical variables of the risk-group shift were compared by Pearson's χ2 or two-sided Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A total of 81 early-stage ECs patients were enrolled. Molecular analyses identified four subgroups across the 81 ECs: 9 (11%) POLE mut, 22 (27.1%) MMRd, 38 (46.9%) NSMP, and 12 (14.8%) p53 abn. Compared with ESGO/ESTRO/ESP 2016 classifier, 26 (32.1%) and 23 (28.4%) patients in ESGO/ESTRO/ESP 2020 cohort with and without molecular classification, respectively, were risk-group downshifted (p>0.05). Ten (12.3%) patients were upshifted in ESGO/ESTRO/ESP 2020 molecular classification comparing to clinical classifier. Remarkably, two patients demonstrated discordance between the ProMisE and TCGA classifiers since the different sequences of classification strategies. On the other hand, 48 of 81 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 12 patients received external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). According to the final molecular test, eight of 12 were classified into low and intermediate risk. CONCLUSION The treatment of endometrial cancer is in a period of transition from the clinicopathologic-based model to the era of molecular precision. Discordance between different classifiers and overtreatment remain in clinical practice. Therefore, we should be cautious about using molecular typing to guide adjuvant treatment decisions until it is finally validated in prospective trials.
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Mismatch Repair Status is an Effective Prognostic Factor for Early-Stage Endometrial Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e553-e554. [PMID: 37785700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) This study is to evaluate the impact of mismatch repair (MMR) status on prognosis among patients with stage I to II (FIGO 2009) endometrial carcinoma (EC) treated with hysterectomy and adjuvant RT. MATERIALS/METHODS Between Oct. 2017 and Dec. 2020, patients with stage I to II (FIGO 2009) EC who had undergone hysterectomy followed by adjuvant RT in our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with proficient and deficient mismatch repair (pMMR and dMMR) using Pearson Chi-Square test for categorical variables. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to compared overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local-regional recurrence free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS). Statistically significant difference was set as p<0.05. RESULTS Totally 276 stage I to II EC patients with known MMR status were included in this study. Among them, 211 patients were classified as pMMR while 65 patients were classified as dMMR. When compared to pMMR, patients with dMMR were more likely to have grade 3 and non-endometrioid type(37.8% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.014), lympho-vascular invasion (36.7% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.000), young age (<60) (28.6% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.027), HIR to HR classification(30.9% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.004). Of all the 276 patients, the median follow-up time was 31 months. Two-year DMFS was superior for pMMR compared to dMMR patients (96.3% vs. 95.0%, p = 0.048). Two-year DFS tended to be better for pMMR than dMMR patients with survival curves not crossed over each other (93.0% vs. 86.8%, p = 0.074). Two-year OS (98.9% vs. 98.4%, p = 0.716) and LRFS (96.3% vs. 95.0%, p = 0.815) were not different between pMMR/dMMR patients. For HIR to HR group, we reached the similar conclusion while for LR to IR group, survival statistics were not different between pMMR/dMMR patients. As to failure pattern, dMMR were more likely to have distant failure while local and regional failure were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION For stage I to II EC, patients with dMMR have poorer DMFS and DFS compared to pMMR patients especially in HIR to HR risk classification. The combination of MMR status and other clinical and pathological factors may establish a new prognostic model and form a new risk stratification system.
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Tissue RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Biomarkers Associated with Postoperative Keloid Recurrence. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5511. [PMID: 37685578 PMCID: PMC10488753 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloids can be resected through surgery, but they may still recur. The purpose of this study was to explore the biomarkers to predict the postoperative recurrence of keloids. Patients who underwent surgical treatment and postoperative superficial X-ray radiation between January 2019 and December 2020 were recruited with clinical data and keloid samples for RNA-seq. By screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between postoperative recurrent and non-recurrent sample groups and constructing a co-expression network via the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), an immunity-related module was chosen for subsequent analysis. By constructing a DEG co-expression network and using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm, five hub genes were identified in the key module. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the five combined hub genes was 0.776. The result of qRT-PCR showed that CHI3L1, IL1RN, MMP7, TNFAIP3, and TNFAIP6 were upregulated in the recurrent group with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Immune infiltration analysis showed that mast cells, macrophages, and T cells were the major components of the keloid immune microenvironment. This study provides potential biomarkers for predicting keloid recurrence and offers insights into genetic targets for recurrence prevention.
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Melatonin attenuates inflammation and cardiac dysfunction in myocardial infarction by regulating the miRNA-200b-3p/high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 axis. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2023; 74. [PMID: 37865955 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2023.4.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin confers protection against myocardial injury by reducing inflammation and inhibiting apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether melatonin regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and improves cardiac function in rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Two MI models were established in vitro (H9c2 cells were cultured under hypoxia) and in vivo (the left anterior descending coronary artery of rats was surgically ligated). miR-200b-3p and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels were detected. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed in vitro, and cardiac function, inflammatory cytokines, and myocardial injury markers in vivo were tested. The experimental results reported that melatonin promoted proliferation and impaired apoptosis of H9c2 cells cultured in hypoxia. In vivo, melatonin improved cardiac function and inhibited the inflammation and myocardial injury of rats with MI. miR-200b-3p was downregulated and HMGB1 was upregulated in MI, while melatonin could upregulate miR-200b-3p and downregulate HMGB1. The HMGB1 was targeted by miR-200b-3p. Upregulating miR-200b-3p or downregulating HMGB1 could further promote the therapeutic effect of melatonin, and downregulating miR-200b-3p or upregulating HMGB1 could abolish the therapeutic effect of melatonin. In conclusion, melatonin alleviates inflammation and cardiac dysfunction after MI by regulating the miR-200b-3p/HMGB1 axis, offering a new therapeutic strategy for MI.
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Cow characteristics associated with the variation in number of contacts between dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2685-2699. [PMID: 36823010 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
In modern freestall barns where large groups of cows are housed together, the behavior displayed by herd mates can influence the welfare and production of other individuals. Therefore, understanding social interactions in groups of dairy cows is important to enhance herd management and optimize the outcomes of both animal health and welfare in the future. Many factors can affect the number of social contacts in a group. This study aimed to identify which characteristics of a cow are associated with the number of contacts it has with other group members in 2 different functional areas (feeding and resting area) to increase our understanding of the social behavior of dairy cows. Inside 2 herds housed in freestall barns with around 200 lactating cows each, cow positions were recorded with an ultra-wideband real-time location system collecting all cows' positions every second over 2 wk. Using the positioning data of the cows, we quantified the number of contacts between them, assuming that cows spending time in proximity to one another (within a distance of 2.5 m for at least 10 min per day) were interacting socially. We documented in which barn areas these interactions occurred and used linear mixed models to investigate if lactation stage, parity, breed, pregnancy status, estrus, udder health, and claw health affect the number of contacts. We found variation in the number of contacts a cow had between individuals in both functional areas. Cows in later lactation had more contacts in the feeding area than cows in early lactation. Furthermore, in one herd, higher parity cows had fewer contacts in the feeding area than first parity cows, and in the other herd, cows in third parity or higher had more contacts in the resting area. This study indicates that cow characteristics such as parity and days in milk are associated with the number of contacts a cow has daily to its herd mates and provides useful information for further research on social interactions of dairy cows.
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Fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment for enlarged facial pores: A real-world retrospective observational study on 75 patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6742-6753. [PMID: 36038248 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the clinical results and influencing factors of the fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) treatment for enlarged facial pores on different facial sites. METHODS The clinical data of patients with enlarged facial pores who underwent FMR treatment from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected. The efficacy and complications of FMR for enlarged pores in different facial areas were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the clinical factors related to the efficacy of FMR after the first treatment session. RESULTS Totally, 75 patients with enlarged facial pores were included (full-face FMR for 45, nasal FMR for 58, frontal FMR for 45, and cheek FMR for 72 patients). All patients received more than one treatment session, two patients received five treatment sessions, and the mean number of FMR session was 1.7. The moderate to excellent improvement rates in patients with nasal, frontal and cheek enlarged pores after the first session were 13.8%, 8.9%, and 11.1%, respectively. The improvement rate rose with the increasing number of treatment sessions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that long pulse-width (300 ms) was positively associated with clinical efficacy after the first session (OR = 22.4, 95% CI [2.0-250.4], p = 0.012), compared with the short pulse-width group (100-200 ms). The main adverse effects after FMR were transient pain, erythema, and edema. A minority of patients developed acneiform eruption. CONCLUSION This study confirms that FMR is safe and effective in improving enlarged facial pores. The pulse width is associated with the improvement of nasal enlarged pores.
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Keloid Biomarkers and Their Correlation With Immune Infiltration. Front Genet 2022; 13:784073. [PMID: 35719372 PMCID: PMC9201286 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.784073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This work aimed to verify the candidate biomarkers for keloid disorder (KD), and analyze the role of immune cell infiltration (ICI) in the pathology of keloid disorder. Methods: The keloid-related datasets (GSE44270 and GSE145725) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Then, differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by using the “limma” R package. Support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and LASSO logistic regression were utilized for screening candidate biomarkers of KD. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic power of candidate biomarkers. The candidate biomarkers were further verified through qRT-PCR of keloid lesions and the matched healthy skin tissue collected from eight cases. In addition, ICI in keloid lesions was estimated through single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Finally, the potential drugs to the treatment of KD were predicted in the Connectivity Map Database (CMAP). Results: A total of 406 DEGs were identified between keloid lesion and healthy skin samples. Among them, STC2 (AUC = 0.919), SDC4 (AUC = 0.970), DAAM1 (AUC = 0.966), and NOX4 (AUC = 0.949) were identified as potential biomarkers through the SVM-RFE, LASSO analysis and ROC analysis. The differential expressions of SDC4, DAAM1, and NOX4 were further verified in collected eight samples by qRT-PCR experiment. ICI analysis result showed a positive correlation of DAAM1 expression with monocytes and mast cells, SDC4 with effector memory CD4+ T cells, STC2 with T follicular helper cells, and NOX4 with central memory CD8+ T cells. Finally, a total of 13 candidate small molecule drugs were predicted for keloids treatment in CMAP drug database. Conclusion: We identified four genes that may serve as potential biomarkers for KD development and revealed that ICI might play a critical role in the pathogenesis of KD.
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Efficacy and adverse reactions of fractional CO 2 laser for atrophic acne scars and related clinical factors: a retrospective study on 121 patients. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:1989-1997. [PMID: 35181995 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to analyze the efficacy, adverse reactions of fractional CO2 laser for atrophic acne scars, and related clinical factors. METHODS The clinical data of 121 patients with atrophic acne scars treated with ultra-pulsed fractional CO2 laser in the Cosmetic Dermatology from August 2014 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The efficacy and adverse reactions of atrophic acne scar after fractional CO2 laser therapy were statistically analyzed. The clinical factors related to efficacy and adverse reactions after the first therapy session were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 121 patients received 206 sessions of fractional CO2 laser therapy, with an average of 1.7 sessions. Moderate to excellent improvement rate reached 50.4% after the first session. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that rolling scars responded better to fractional CO2 laser treatment than icepick scars (OR = 7.3, 95% CI [1.2, 43.4], P = 0.029), and scar improvement was more significant in the high-energy laser group than in the low-energy laser group (OR = 10.9, 95% CI [1.1, 106.8], P = 0.041). The main adverse reactions after fractional laser surgery were pigmentation, skin sensitivity, persistent erythema and acneiform eruption. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the longer the scar duration, the higher incidence of postoperative adverse reactions (OR = 1.3, 95% CI [1.1, 1.5], P = 0.008). Compared with icepick scars, rolling scars (OR = 10.4, 95% CI [2.3, 47.7], P = 0.003) and boxcar scars (OR = 12.0, 95% CI [3.3, 44.0], P < 0.001) had higher risk of developing adverse reactions. The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions was also higher in the combined mode group (DeepFX mode + ActiveFX mode) than in the single mode group (OR = 7.8, 95% CI [2.4, 25.5], P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Fractional CO2 laser was effective in the treatment of atrophic acne scars, without serious adverse reactions. Scar type and laser energy were independent clinical factors affecting its efficacy. Scar course, scar type and fractional laser mode were independent clinical factors affecting its adverse reactions.
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2021 Canadian Surgery Forum01. Design and validation of a unique endoscopy simulator using a commercial video game03. Is ethnicity an appropriate measure of health care marginalization?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the outcomes of diabetic foot ulceration in the Aboriginal population04. Racial disparities in surgery — a cross-specialty matched comparison between black and white patients05. Starting late does not increase the risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing common general surgical procedures06. Ethical decision-making during a health care crisis: a resource allocation framework and tool07. Ensuring stability in surgical training program leadership: a survey of program directors08. Introducing oncoplastic breast surgery in a community hospital09. Leadership development programs for surgical residents: a review of the literature10. Superiority of non-opioid postoperative pain management after thyroid and parathyroid operations: a systematic review and meta-analysis11. Timing of ERCP relative to cholecystectomy in patients with ductal gallstone disease12. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing intraoperative red blood cell transfusion strategies13. Postoperative outcomes after frail elderly preoperative assessment clinic: a single-institution Canadian perspective14. Selective opioid antagonists following bowel resection for prevention of postoperative ileus: a systematic review and meta-analysis15. Peer-to-peer coaching after bile duct injury16. Laparoscopic median arcuate ligament release: a video abstract17. Retroperitoneoscopic approach to adrenalectomy19. Endoscopic Zenker diverticulotomy: a video abstract20. Variability in surgeons’ perioperative management of pheochromocytomas in Canada21. The contribution of surgeon and hospital variation in transfusion practice to outcomes for patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a population-based analysis22. Perioperative transfusions for gastroesophageal cancers: risk factors and short- and long-term outcomes23. The association between frailty and time alive and at home after cancer surgery among older adults: a population-based analysis24. Psychological and workplace-related effects of providing surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada25. Safety of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a systematic review26. Complications and reintervention following laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis27. Synchronization of pupil dilations correlates with team performance in a simulated laparoscopic team coordination task28. Receptivity to and desired design features of a surgical peer coaching program: an international survey9. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rates of emergency department utilization due to general surgery conditions30. The impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on the exposure of general surgery trainees to operative procedures31. Association between academic degrees and research productivity: an assessment of academic general surgeons in Canada32. Laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) for subepithelial gastric lesion: a video presentation33. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on acute care general surgery at an academic Canadian centre34. Opioid-free analgesia after outpatient general surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial35. Impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy or targeted therapies on surgical resection in patients with solid tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis37. Surgical data recording in the operating room: a systematic review of modalities and metrics38. Association between nonaccidental trauma and neighbourhood socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis39. Laparoscopic repair of a transdiaphragmatic gastropleural fistula40. Video-based interviewing in medicine: a scoping review41. Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography for prevention of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery: a cost analysis from the hospital payer’s perspective43. Perception or reality: surgical resident and faculty assessments of resident workload compared with objective data45. When illness and loss hit close to home: Do health care providers learn how to cope?46. Remote video-based suturing education with smartphones (REVISE): a randomized controlled trial47. The evolving use of robotic surgery: a population-based analysis48. Prophylactic retromuscular mesh placement for parastomal hernia prevention: a retrospective cohort study of permanent colostomies and ileostomies49. Intracorporeal versus extracorporeal anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy: a retrospective cohort study on anastomotic complications50. A lay of the land — a description of Canadian academic acute care surgery models51. Emergency general surgery in Ontario: interhospital variability in structures, processes and models of care52. Trauma 101: a virtual case-based trauma conference as an adjunct to medical education53. Assessment of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator for predicting patient-centred outcomes of emergency general surgery patients in a Canadian health care system54. Sustainability of a narcotic reduction initiative: 1 year following the Standardization of Outpatient Procedure (STOP) Narcotics Study55. Barriers to transanal endoscopic microsurgery referral56. Geospatial analysis of severely injured rural patients in a geographically complex landscape57. Implementation of an incentive spirometry protocol in a trauma ward: a single-centre pilot study58. Impostor phenomenon is a significant risk factor for burnout and anxiety in Canadian resident physicians: a cross-sectional survey59. Understanding the influence of perioperative education on performance among surgical trainees: a single-centre experience60. The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on current and future endoscopic personal protective equipment practices: a national survey of 77 endoscopists61. Case report: delayed presentation of perforated sigmoid diverticulitis as necrotizing infection of the lower limb62. Investigating disparities in surgical outcomes in Canadian Indigenous populations63. Fundoplication is superior to medical therapy for Barrett esophagus disease regression and progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis64. Development of a novel online general surgery learning platform and a qualitative preimplementation analysis65. Hagfish slime exudate as a potential novel hemostatic agent: developing a standardized assessment protocol66. The effect of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical oncology case volumes and wait times67. Safety of same-day discharge in high-risk patients undergoing ambulatory general surgery68. External validation of the Codman score in colorectal surgery: a pragmatic tool to drive quality improvement69. Improved morbidity and gastrointestinal restoration rates without compromising survival rates for diverting loop ileostomy with colonic lavage versus total abdominal colectomy for fulminant Clostridioides difficile colitis: a multicentre retrospective cohort study70. Potential access to emergency general surgical care in Ontario71. Immersive virtual reality (iVR) improves procedural duration, task completion and accuracy in surgical trainees: a systematic review01. Clinical validation of the Canada Lymph Node Score for endobronchial ultrasound02. Venous thromboembolism in surgically treated esophageal cancer patients: a provincial population-based study03. Venous thromboembolism in surgically treated lung cancer patients: a population-based study04. Is frailty associated with failure to rescue after esophagectomy? A multi-institutional comparative analysis of outcomes05. Routine systematic sampling versus targeted sampling of lymph nodes during endobronchial ultrasound: a feasibility randomized controlled trial06. Gastric ischemic conditioning reduces anastomotic complications in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis07. Move For Surgery, a novel preconditioning program to optimize health before thoracic surgery: a randomized controlled trial08. In case of emergency, go to your nearest emergency department — Or maybe not?09. Does preoperative SABR increase the risk of complications from lung cancer resection? A secondary analysis of the MISSILE trial10. Segmental resection for lung cancer: the added value of near-infrared fluorescence mapping diminishes with surgeon experience11. Toward competency-based continuing professional development for practising surgeons12. Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus surgery in older adults with NSCLC — a population-based, matched analysis of long-term dependency outcomes13. Role of adjuvant therapy in esophageal cancer patients after neoadjuvant therapy and curative esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis14. Evaluation of population characteristics on the incidence of thoracic empyema: an ecological study15. Determining the optimal stiffness colour threshold and stiffness area ratio cut-off for mediastinal lymph node staging using EBUS elastography and AI: a pilot study16. Quality assurance on the use of sequential compression stockings in thoracic surgery (QUESTs)17. The relationship between fissureless technique and prolonged air leak for patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy18. CXCR2 inhibition as a candidate for immunomodulation in the treatment of K-RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma19. Assessment tools for evaluating competency in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy: a systematic review20. Understanding the current practice on chest tube management following lung resection among thoracic surgeons across Canada21. Effect of routine jejunostomy tube insertion in esophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis22. Recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax following bullectomy with pleurodesis or pleurectomy: a retrospective analysis23. Surgical outcomes following chest wall resection and reconstruction24. Outcomes following surgical management of primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumours25. Does robotic approach offer better nodal staging than thoracoscopic approach in anatomical resection for non–small cell lung cancer? A single-centre propensity matching analysis26. Competency assessment for mediastinal mass resection and thymectomy: design and Delphi process27. The contemporary significance of venous thromboembolism (deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and pulmonary embolus [PE]) in patients undergoing esophagectomy: a prospective, multicentre cohort study to evaluate the incidence and clinical outcomes of VTE after major esophageal resections28. Esophageal cancer: symptom severity at the end of life29. The impact of pulmonary artery reconstruction on postoperative and oncologic outcomes: a systematic review30. Association with surgical technique and recurrence after laparoscopic repair of paraesophageal hernia: a single-centre experience31. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in esophagectomy32. Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer: trends in surgical approach and early mortality at a single institution over the past 18 years34. Adverse events and length of stay following minimally invasive surgery in paraesophageal hernia repair35. Long-term symptom control comparison of Dor and Nissen fundoplication following laparoscopic para-esophageal hernia repair: a retrospective analysis36. Willingness to pay: a survey of Canadian patients’ willingness to contribute to the cost of robotic thoracic surgery37. Radiomics in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma: a prediction tool for tumour immune microenvironments38. Effectiveness of intraoperative pyloric botox injection during esophagectomy: how often is endoscopic intervention required?39. An artificial intelligence algorithm for predicting lymph node malignancy during endobronchial ultrasound40. The effect of major and minor complications after lung surgery on length of stay and readmission41. Measuring cost of adverse events following thoracic surgery: a scoping review42. Laparoscopic paraesophageal hernia repair: characterization by hospital and surgeon volume and impact on outcomes43. NSQIP 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index predicts morbidity but not mortality after esophagectomy44. Trajectory of perioperative HRQOL and association with postoperative complications in thoracic surgery patients45. Variation in treatment patterns and outcomes for resected esophageal cancer at designated thoracic surgery centres46. Patient-reported pretreatment health-related quality of life (HRQOL) predicts short-term survival in esophageal cancer patients47. Analgesic efficacy of surgeon-placed paravertebral catheters compared with thoracic epidural analgesia after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy: a retrospective noninferiority study48. Rapid return to normal oxygenation after lung surgery49. Examination of local and systemic inflammatory changes during lung surgery01. Implications of near-infrared imaging and indocyanine green on anastomotic leaks following colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis02. Repeat preoperative endoscopy after regional implementation of electronic synoptic endoscopy reporting: a retrospective comparative study03. Consensus-derived quality indicators for operative reporting in transanal endoscopic surgery (TES)04. Colorectal lesion localization practices at endoscopy to facilitate surgical and endoscopic planning: recommendations from a national consensus Delphi process05. Black race is associated with increased mortality in colon cancer — a population-based and propensity-score matched analysis06. Improved survival in a cohort of patients 75 years and over with FIT-detected colorectal neoplasms07. Laparoscopic versus open loop ileostomy reversal: a systematic review and meta-analysis08. Posterior mesorectal thickness as a predictor of increased operative time in rectal cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study09. Improvement of colonic anastomotic healing in mice with oral supplementation of oligosaccharides10. How can we better identify patients with rectal bleeding who are at high risk of colorectal cancer?11. Assessment of long-term bowel dysfunction in rectal cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study12. Observational versus antibiotic therapy for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: a noninferiority meta-analysis based on a Delphi consensus13. Radiotherapy alone versus chemoradiotherapy for stage I anal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis14. Is the Hartmann procedure for diverticulitis obsolete? National trends in colectomy for diverticulitis in the emergency setting from 1993 to 201515. Sugammadex in colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis16. Sexuality and rectal cancer treatment: a qualitative study exploring patients’ information needs and expectations on sexual dysfunction after rectal cancer treatment17. Video-based interviews in selection process18. Impact of delaying colonoscopies during the COVID-19 pandemic on colorectal cancer detection and prevention19. Opioid use disorder associated with increased anastomotic leak and major complications after colorectal surgery20. Effectiveness of a rectal cancer education video on patient expectations21. Robotic-assisted rectosigmoid and rectal cancer resection: implementation and early experience at a Canadian tertiary centre22. An online educational app for rectal cancer survivors with low anterior resection syndrome: a pilot study23. The effects of surgeon specialization on the outcome of emergency colorectal surgery24. Outcomes after colorectal cancer resections in octogenarians and older in a regional New Zealand setting — What are the predictors of mortality?25. Long-term outcomes after seton placement for perianal fistulae with and without Crohn disease26. A survey of patient and surgeon preference for early ileostomy closure following restorative proctectomy for rectal cancer — Why aren’t we doing it?27. Crohn disease independently associated with longer hospital admission after surgery28. Short-stay (≤ 1 d) diverting loop ileostomy closure can be selectively implemented without an increase in readmission and complication rates: an ACS-NSQIP analysis29. A comparison of perineal stapled rectal prolapse resection and the Altemeier procedure at 2 Canadian academic hospitals30. Mental health and substance use disorders predict 90-day readmission and postoperative complications following rectal cancer surgery31. Early discharge after colorectal cancer resection: trends and impact on patient outcomes32. Oral antibiotics without mechanical bowel preparation prior to emergency colectomy reduces the risk of organ space surgical site infections: a NSQIP propensity score matched study33. The impact of robotic surgery on a tertiary care colorectal surgery program, an assessment of costs and short-term outcomes — a Canadian perspective34. Should we scope beyond the age limit of guidelines? Adenoma detection rates and outcomes of screening and surveillance colonoscopies in patients aged 75–79 years35. Emergency department admissions for uncomplicated diverticulitis: a nationwide study36. Obesity is associated with a complicated episode of acute diverticulitis: a nationwide study37. Green indocyanine angiography for low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer: a prospective before-and-after study38. The impact of age on surgical recurrence of fibrostenotic ileocolic Crohn disease39. A qualitative study to explore the optimal timing and approach for the LARS discussion01. Racial, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in diagnosis, treatment and survival of patients with breast cancer: a SEER-based population analysis02. First-line palliative chemotherapy for esophageal and gastric cancer: practice patterns and outcomes in the general population03. Frailty as a predictor for postoperative outcomes following pancreaticoduodenectomy04. Synoptic electronic operative reports identify practice variation in cancer surgery allowing for directed interventions to decrease variation05. The role of Hedgehog signalling in basal-like breast cancer07. Clinical and patient-reported outcomes in oncoplastic breast conservation surgery from a single surgeon’s practice in a busy community hospital in Canada08. Upgrade rate of atypical ductal hyperplasia: 10 years of experience and predictive factors09. Time to first adjuvant treatment after oncoplastic breast reduction10. Preparing to survive: improving outcomes for young women with breast cancer11. Opioid prescription and consumption in patients undergoing outpatient breast surgery — baseline data for a quality improvement initiative12. Rectal anastomosis and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: Should we avoid diverting loop ileostomy?13. Delays in operative management of early-stage, estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic — a multi-institutional matched historical cohort study14. Opioid prescribing practices in breast oncologic surgery15. Oncoplastic breast reduction (OBR) complications and patient-reported outcomes16. De-escalating breast cancer surgery: Should we apply quality indicators from other jurisdictions in Canada?17. The breast cancer patient experience of telemedicine during COVID-1918. A novel ex vivo human peritoneal model to investigate mechanisms of peritoneal metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma (GCa)19. Preliminary uptake and outcomes utilizing the BREAST-Q patient-reported outcomes questionnaire in patients following breast cancer surgery20. Routine elastin staining improves detection of venous invasion and enhances prognostication in resected colorectal cancer21. Analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds: a new frontier in colon cancer screening and surveillance22. A clinical pathway for radical cystectomy leads to a shorter hospital stay and decreases 30-day postoperative complications: a NSQIP analysis23. Fertility preservation in young breast cancer patients: a population-based study24. Investigating factors associated with postmastectomy unplanned emergency department visits: a population-based analysis25. Impact of patient, tumour and treatment factors on psychosocial outcomes after treatment in women with invasive breast cancer26. The relationship between breast and axillary pathologic complete response in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer01. The association between bacterobilia and the risk of postoperative complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy02. Surgical outcome and quality of life following exercise-based prehabilitation for hepatobiliary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis03. Does intraoperative frozen section and revision of margins lead to improved survival in patients undergoing resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis04. Prolonged kidney procurement time is associated with worse graft survival after transplantation05. Venous thromboembolism following hepatectomy for colorectal metastases: a population-based retrospective cohort study06. Association between resection approach and transfusion exposure in liver resection for gastrointestinal cancer07. The association between surgeon volume and use of laparoscopic liver resection for gastrointestinal cancer08. Immune suppression through TIGIT in colorectal cancer liver metastases09. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” — a combined strategy to reduce postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy10. Laparoscopic versus open synchronous colorectal and hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer11. Identifying prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with recurrent disease following liver resection for colorectal cancer metastasis12. Modified Blumgart pancreatojejunostomy with external stenting in laparoscopic Whipple reconstruction13. Laparoscopic versus open pancreaticoduodenectomy: a single centre’s initial experience with introduction of a novel surgical approach14. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus upfront surgery for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a single-centre cohort analysis15. Thermal ablation and telemedicine to reduce resource utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic16. Cost-utility analysis of normothermic machine perfusion compared with static cold storage in liver transplantation in the Canadian setting17. Impact of adjuvant therapy on overall survival in early-stage ampullary cancers: a single-centre retrospective review18. Presence of biliary anaerobes enhances response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma19. How does tumour viability influence the predictive capability of the Metroticket model? Comparing predicted-to-observed 5-year survival after liver transplant for hepatocellular carcinoma20. Does caudate resection improve outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis21. Appraisal of multivariable prognostic models for postoperative liver decompensation following partial hepatectomy: a systematic review22. Predictors of postoperative liver decompensation events following resection in patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a population-based study23. Characteristics of bacteriobilia and impact on outcomes after Whipple procedure01. Inverting the y-axis: the future of MIS abdominal wall reconstruction is upside down02. Progressive preoperative pneumoperitoneum: a single-centre retrospective study03. The role of radiologic classification of parastomal hernia as a predictor of the need for surgical hernia repair: a retrospective cohort study04. Comparison of 2 fascial defect closure methods for laparoscopic incisional hernia repair01. Hypoalbuminemia predicts serious complications following elective bariatric surgery02. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band migration inducing jejunal obstruction associated with acute pancreatitis: aurgical approach of band removal03. Can visceral adipose tissue gene expression determine metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery?04. Improvement of kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease and severe obesity after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis05. A prediction model for delayed discharge following gastric bypass surgery06. Experiences and outcomes of Indigenous patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a mixed-methods scoping review07. What is the optimal common channel length in revisional bariatric surgery?08. Laparoscopic management of internal hernia in a 34-week pregnant woman09. Characterizing timing of postoperative complications following elective Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy10. Canadian trends in bariatric surgery11. Common surgical stapler problems and how to correct them12. Management of choledocholithiasis following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Surg 2021; 64:S80-S159. [PMID: 35483046 PMCID: PMC8677574 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.021321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Effects of surgery on survival of patients aged 75 years or older with Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2021; 11:128-138. [PMID: 34821054 PMCID: PMC8704145 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether surgery improves prognosis in elderly patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Materials/Methods Data of all patients with MCC diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Differences in baseline characteristics were analyzed among the age groups (75–80, 80–85, and ≥85 years). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the effects of each variable on patient outcomes. The Kaplan–Meier curves were employed to evaluate MCC overall survival (OS) and MCC‐specific survival (MSS). Results A total of 1156 of patients with MCC met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The surgery rate decreased with age (75–80, 80–85, and ≥85 years were 93.3%, 91.1%, and 88.7%, respectively; p = 0.082). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the OS of patients in the 80–85 years group (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–1.70; p = 0.001) and the ≥85 years group (HR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.80–2.63; p < 0.0001) was worse than that in the 75–80 years group. Compared with the non‐surgery groups, the HR for the surgery group was 0.75 for OS (95% CI = 0.56–1.00; p = 0.048) and 0.73 for MSS (95% CI = 0.48–1.10; p = 0.130). Subgroup analyses showed that patients aged ≥85 years undergoing surgery had better OS (HR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.45–0.95; p = 0.024). Conclusions MCC patients aged 75 years and older would benefit from surgical resection. However, surgical resection should be performed cautiously, and larger prospective clinical trials are needed to further verify these findings.
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Long-Term Outcome and Failure Patterns in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer After Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Analysis Update Data. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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P84.11 Real-World Brigatinib Dosing Patterns in Patients with Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the United States. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Identification of potential crucial genes associated with vasculogenic mimicry in human osteosarcoma based on gene expression profile. Neoplasma 2019; 67:286-295. [PMID: 31884799 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2019_190414n329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the presence of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in human osteosarcoma. However, the mechanistic basis of osteosarcoma VM remains unclear. Three hundred eighty-one upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 526 downregulated DEGs between human osteosarcoma cell line 143B and HOS cell exposed to Matrigel were screened out by microarray. GO categories such as "cell adhesion", "angiogenesis" were enriched in 143B group. PATHWAY analysis showed enriched TGF-beta, Wnt and VEGF signaling pathway in 143B group. The hub gene ITGA2 in signal-network of DEGs exhibited pro-VM and pro-metastasis effect. Our study provides fundamental data for further studies regarding molecules involved in osteosarcoma VM.
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EP-1141 Marginal local failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the era of intensity modulated radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Clinical experience in patients with advanced ALK-Rearranged non–small cell lung cancer and brain metastases in China. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy425.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Electroacupuncture alleviates chemotherapy-induced pain through inhibiting phosphorylation of spinal CaMKII in rats. Eur J Pain 2018; 22:679-690. [PMID: 29034548 PMCID: PMC5854511 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current medical treatments for chemotherapy-induced pain (CIP) are either ineffective or have adverse side effects. Acupuncture may alleviate CIP, but its effectiveness against this condition has not been studied. Paclitaxel causes neuropathic pain in cancer patients. METHODS We evaluated the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on paclitaxel-induced CIP in a rat model. Paclitaxel (2 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected (i.p.) on alternate days of 0-6. The resulting pain was treated with 10 Hz/2 mA/0.4 ms pulse EA for 30 min at the equivalent of human acupoint GB30 (Huantiao) once every other day between days 14 and 26. For sham control, EA needles were inserted into GB30 without stimulation. Von Frey filaments with bending forces of 2-8 g and 15 g were used to assess mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, respectively, on day 13 and once every other day between 14-26 days and then for 2-3 weeks after EA treatment. RESULTS Compared to sham control, EA significantly alleviated paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, as shown by less frequent withdrawal responses to the filaments. The alleviation of allodynia/hyperalgesia lasted up to 3 weeks after the EA treatment. EA significantly inhibited phosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in the spinal cord. KN-93, a selective inhibitor of p-CaMKII, inhibited mechanical allodynia/hyperalgesia and p-CaMKII. 5-HT1A receptor antagonist blocked EA inhibition of allodynia/hyperalgesia and p-CaMKII. CONCLUSIONS Electroacupuncture activates 5-HT 1A receptors in the spinal cord and inhibits p-CaMKII to alleviate both allodynia and hyperalgesia. The data support acupuncture/EA as a complementary therapy for CIP. SIGNIFICANCE Electroacupuncture (EA) activates spinal 5-HT1A receptors to inhibit p-CaMKII to alleviate paclitaxel-induced pain. Acupuncture/EA may be used as a complementary therapy for CIP.
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Increasing the autotrophic growth of
Chlorella
USTB
‐01 via the control of bacterial contamination by
Bdellovibrio
USTB
‐06. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1131-1138. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Weekend and Out of Hours Surgical Handover (WOOSH): A Checklist Format Improves Efficiency and Patient Safety. Int J Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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MiR-144 functions as tumor suppressor by targeting PIM1 in gastric cancer. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 21:3028-3037. [PMID: 28742204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent types of malignant disease Worldwide. Mounting evidence has demonstrated the involvement of miRNAs in the development of GC. One of these miRNAs, miR-144 has been found aberrantly expressed in a variety of human malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS GC tissues were collected from patients, and the level of miR-144 was determined by qRT-PCR. GC cell lines SGC7901 and AGS were used as model cell lines and the anti-tumor effect of miR-144 in both cells were examined. The level of miR-144 was restored in GC cells using miR-144 mimic. Moreover, the target gene of miR-144 wad identified. RESULTS In this study, our results showed that low miR-144 level significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis stage, TNM stage and differentiation degree. In addition, we found that miR-144 acted as a tumor suppressor in GC. Moreover, our findings showed that miR-144 exerted an anti-tumor effect by directly targeting RLIP76. CONCLUSIONS miR-144 acts as a tumor suppressor in GC and it is a potential therapeutic target for GC treatment.
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Optogenetic inhibition of cortex neurons attenuates pain-related affective responses and social behavioral disorder in inflammatory pain rat model. Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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The miR-196b Regulates the Response of Ionizing Radiation by Modulating HR23B Levels in Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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[Investigation of renal corticomedullary differentiation with age-related change on non-contrast-enhanced MRI]. ZHONGHUA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2016; 96:1505-9. [PMID: 27266496 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.19.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between renal corticomedullary differentiation, renal cortical thickness and age-related changes with non-contrast-enhanced steady-state free precession(SSFP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spatially selective inversion recovery(IR) pulse technology as well as its applied value . METHODS A total of 76 healthy volunteers had been recruited from August 2014 to June 2015 in First Hospital of China Medical University.All volunteers were divided into three groups: 2-40 years old, 41-60 years old, 61-80 years old. All 76 volunteers underwent non-contrast-enhanced steady-state free precession(SSFP) 3.0 T MRI scan using variable inversion times (TIs)(TI=1 000, 1 100, 1 200, 1 300, 1 400, 1 500, 1 600, 1 700 ms). The renal corticomedullary differentiation was observed and the signal intensity of renal cortex and medulla were measured respectively as well in order to calculate renal corticomedullary contrast ratio. Besides, renal cortical thickness and renal size were measured. RESULTS All 76 volunteers were successfully performed all the sequences of MRI scan, including 152 useful imaging of kidney in total. The renal corticomedullary differentiation was clearly shown in all subjects. There was negative correlation between the optimal inversion time(TI) and age(r=-0.65, P<0.01). Similarly, negative correlation was observed between renal corticomedullary contrast ratio and age(r=-0.35, P<0.01). The mean renal cortical thickness of all subjects was (5.33±0.71)mm and there were statistically significant difference among those different groups, which was negative-related with age(r=-0.79, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between sexuality and renal cortical thickness.Additionally, renal cortical thickness had no statistically significant difference in both sides of kidneys. CONCLUSION The renal corticomedullary differentiation is depicted clearly by means of non-contrast-enhanced steady-state free precession MRI with spatially selective inversion recovery pulse technology. The optimal inversion time decreases along with the increase of age. In the meanwhile, the renal cortical thickness could be measured truthfully and accurately.
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Rapid and selective detection of viruses using virus-imprinted polymer films. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18998-9003. [PMID: 26513039 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We prepared a nanopatterned polymer film of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via virus imprinting. The imprinted surface exhibited nanoscale cavities with the mean size of 120 ± 4 nm. These cavities demonstrated the ability to preferentially capture a target virus from an aqueous suspension of ultralow volume (5 μL) after only 1 minute of contact. Two inactivated viruses with similar shape, Influenza A (HK68) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), were employed as model pathogens. The polymer film, which was first imprinted with HK68 and exposed sequentially to suspensions containing fluorescently labeled NDV and HK68, was able to preferentially bind HK68 at a capture ratio of 1 : 8.0. When we reversed the procedure and imprinted with NDV, the capture ratio was 1 : 7.6. These results were obtained within 20 minutes of static exposure. The suspensions contained viruses at concentrations close to those occurring physiologically in influenza infections. The limit of detection was approximately 8 fM. Production of virus-imprinted films can be readily scaled to large quantities and yields a disposable, simple-to-use device that allows for rapid detection of viruses.
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Celecoxib inhibits cell growth and modulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell line. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2015; 19:4087-4097. [PMID: 26592832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the effect of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, on the growth inhibition of osteosarcoma and its potential anticancer mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was used as a model. The inhibitory effect of celecoxib on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect the effects of celecoxib on cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of RECK, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in celecoxib-treated MG-63 cells. RESULTS MTT assays showed that at a range of concentrations (0-80 µg/ml), celecoxib significantly inhibited the MG-63 cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of celecoxib was 47.5 µg/ml for 24 h-treatment and 19.2 µg/ml for 48 h-treatment. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that treatment with 20 µg/ml celecoxib led to a significant cell cycle arrest at S-phase and an enhancement of apoptosis induction in MG-63 cells at 24 or 48h. Moreover, compared with 24 h-treatment, 48 h-treatment induced more S-phase arrest and apoptosis in MG-63 cells. Western blot analyses revealed that the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was markedly down-regulated but RECK, an inhibitor of MMPs, was markedly up-regulated in MG-63 cells exposed to 20 µg/ml celecoxib for 24 or 48h. Furthermore, the effects of celecoxib on the expression of these molecules were more evident with the increase of treatment time. CONCLUSIONS Celecoxib inhibits the MG-63 cells proliferation through S-phase arrest and apoptosis induction. Celecoxib-induced down-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and up-regulation of RECK may contribute to the apoptosis induction and an alteration in local tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that celecoxib may exert at least in part of its anticancer effects via up-regulation of RECK to inhibit the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
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Innervation of Extrahepatic Biliary Tract, With Special Reference to the Direct Bidirectional Neural Connections of the Gall Bladder, Sphincter of Oddi and Duodenum in Suncus murinus, in Whole-Mount Immunohistochemical Study. Anat Histol Embryol 2015; 45:184-8. [PMID: 26179953 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction is one of the most important symptoms in post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Using either electrical or mechanical stimulation and retrogradely transported neuronal dyes, it has been demonstrated that there are direct neural pathways connecting gall bladder and the sphincter of Oddi in the Australian opossum and the golden hamster. In the present study, we employed whole-mount immunohistochemistry staining to observe and verify that there are two different plexuses of the extrahepatic biliary tract in Suncus murinus. One, named Pathway One, showed a fine, irregular but dense network plexus that ran adhesively and resided on/in the extrahepatic biliary tract wall, and the plexus extended into the intrahepatic area. On the other hand, named Pathway Two, exhibiting simple, thicker and straight neural bundles, ran parallel to the surface of the extrahepatic biliary tract and passed between the gall bladder and duodenum, but did not give off any branches to the liver. Pathway Two was considered to involve direct bidirectional neural connections between the duodenum and the biliary tract system. For the first time, morphologically, we demonstrated direct neural connections between gall bladder and duodenum in S. murinus. Malfunction of the sphincter of Oddi may be caused by injury of the direct neural pathways between gall bladder and duodenum by cholecystectomy. From the viewpoint of preserving the function of the major duodenal papilla and common bile duct, we emphasize the importance of avoiding kocherization of the common bile duct so as to preserve the direct neural connections between gall bladder and sphincter of Oddi.
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Treatment of vertebral body compression fractures using percutaneous kyphoplasty guided by a combination of computed tomography and C-arm fluoroscopy with finger-touch guidance to determine the needle entry point. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2015; 14:1546-56. [PMID: 25867298 DOI: 10.4238/2015.march.6.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the results and complications of image-guided percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) using computed tomography (CT) and C-arm fluoroscopy, with finger-touch guidance to determine the needle entry point. Of the 86 patients (106 PKP) examined, 56 were treated for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and 30 for vertebral tumors. All patients underwent image-guided treatment using CT and conventional fluoroscopy, with finger-touch identification of a puncture point within a small incision (1.5 to 2 cm). Partial or complete pain relief was achieved in 98% of patients within 24 h of treatment. Moreover, a significant improvement in functional mobility and reduction in analgesic use was observed. CT allowed the detection of cement leakage in 20.7% of the interventions. No bone cement leakages with neurologic symptoms were noted. All work channels were made only once, and bone cement was distributed near the center of the vertebral body. Our study confirms the efficacy of PKP treatment in osteoporotic and oncological patients. The combination of CT and C-arm fluoroscopy with finger-touch guidance reduces the risk of complications compared with conventional fluoroscopy alone, facilitates the detection of minor cement leakage, improves the operative procedure, and results in a favorable bone cement distribution.
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An updated meta-analysis of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) rs7574865 G/T polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis risk in an Asian population. Scand J Rheumatol 2014; 43:477-80. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2014.918174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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DAMGO in the central amygdala alleviates the affective dimension of pain in a rat model of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Neuroscience 2013; 252:359-66. [PMID: 23994597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pain has sensory-discriminative and emotional-affective dimensions. Recent studies show that the affective component can be assessed with a conditioned place avoidance (CPA) test. We hypothesized that systemic morphine before a post-conditioning test would more potently attenuate the affective aspect compared to the sensory component and that [d-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a μ-selective opioid receptor agonist, injected into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) would reduce established CPA. A rat model of inflammatory pain, produced by a complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) injection into the hind paw, was combined with a CPA test. Three experiments were performed on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Systemic morphine (0.5 or 1.0mg/kg) in Experiment 1, intrathecal (i.t.) morphine (2.5 μg/rat) in Experiment 2, and intra-CeA DAMGO (7.7-15.4 ng/0.4 μl) in Experiment 3 were given to CFA-injected rats (n=6-8/group) prior to a post-conditioning test. Saline-injected rats were used as control. Time spent in a pain-paired compartment was recorded twice, before conditioning and after a post-conditioning test. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus was measured before experiment at day-1 and after the post-conditioning test; hyperalgesia was defined as a decrease in PWL. The data showed that CFA-injected rats had significantly negative CPA compared to those of saline-injected rats (P<0.05). Low-dosage systemic morphine significantly (P<0.05) reduced CFA-induced CPA but had no effect on PWL. I.t. morphine did not inhibit the display of CPA but significantly increased PWL, suppressing hyperalgesia (P<0.05). Intra-CeA DAMGO significantly inhibited the display of CPA compared to saline (P<0.05) but had no effect on PWL. The data demonstrate that morphine attenuates the affective component more powerfully than it does the sensory and suggests that the sensory and the emotional-affective dimensions are underpinned by different mechanisms.
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Abstract
Pain has both sensory-discriminative and emotional-affective dimensions. Previous studies demonstrate that electroacupuncture (EA) alleviates the sensory dimension but do not address the affective. An inflammatory pain rat model, produced by a complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) injection into the hind paw, was combined with a conditioned place avoidance (CPA) test to determine whether EA inhibits spontaneous pain-induced affective response and, if so, to study the possibility that rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) opioids underlie this effect. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-275 g, Harlan) were used. The rats showed place aversion (i.e. affective pain) by spending less time in a pain-paired compartment after conditioning than during a preconditioning test. Systemic non-analgesic morphine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the affective reaction, suggesting that the affective dimension is underpinned by mechanisms different from those of the sensory dimension of pain. Morphine at 0.5 and at 1 mg/kg did not induce reward. Rats given EA treatment before pain-paired conditioning at GB 30 showed no aversion to the pain-paired compartment, indicating that EA inhibited the affective dimension. EA treatment did not produce reward or aversive effect. Intra-rACC administration of D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr amide (CTOP), a selective mu opioid receptor antagonist, but not norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI), a selective kappa opioid receptor antagonist, blocked EA inhibition of the affective dimension. These data demonstrate that EA activates opioid receptors in the rACC to inhibit pain-induced affective responses and that EA may be an effective therapy for both the sensory-discriminative and the affective dimensions of pain.
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OA08.03. Electroacupuncture alleviates hyperalgesia by inhibiting spinal interleukin-17 in an inflammatory pain rat model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373361 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-o31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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P01.08. Acupuncture alleviates affective dimension of pain in a rat model of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Altern Ther Health Med 2012. [PMCID: PMC3373929 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-s1-p8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Electroacupuncture inhibition of hyperalgesia in an inflammatory pain rat model: involvement of distinct spinal serotonin and norepinephrine receptor subtypes. Br J Anaesth 2012; 109:245-52. [PMID: 22628394 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although acupuncture analgesia is well documented, its mechanisms have not been thoroughly clarified. We previously showed that electroacupuncture (EA) activates supraspinal serotonin- and norepinephrine-containing neurones that project to the spinal cord. This study investigates the involvement of spinal alpha(2)-adrenoceptors (α2-ARs) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptors (5-HTRs) in EA effects on an inflammatory pain rat model. METHODS Inflammatory hyperalgesia was induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 0.08 ml) into the plantar surface of one hind paw and assessed by paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus. The selective α2a-AR antagonist BRL-44408, α2b-AR antagonist imiloxan hydrochloride, 5-HT2B receptor (5-HT2BR) antagonist SB204741, 5-HT3R antagonist LY278584, or 5-HT1AR antagonists NAN-190 hydrobromide, or WAY-100635 were intrathecally administered 20 min before EA or sham EA, which was given 2 h post-CFA at acupoint GB30. RESULTS EA significantly increased PWL compared with sham [7.20 (0.46) vs 5.20 (0.43) s]. Pretreatment with α2a-AR [5.35 (0.45) s] or 5-HT1AR [5.22 (0.38) s] antagonists blocked EA-produced anti-hyperalgesia; α2b-AR, 5-HT2BR, and 5-HT3R antagonist pretreatment did not. Sham plus these antagonists did not significantly change PWL compared with sham plus vehicle, indicating that the antagonists had little effect on PWL. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that α2a-ARs are on primary afferents and 5-HT1ARs are localized in N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) subunit NR1-containing neurones in the spinal dorsal horn. CONCLUSIONS The data show that α2a-ARs and 5-HT1ARs are involved in the EA inhibition of inflammatory pain and that the NMDA receptors are involved in EA action.
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e0007 The effect of omeprazole on the oxidative stress and acute atrial electrical remodelling in rabbits. BRITISH HEART JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2010.208967.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Contribution of Primary Afferent Input to Trigeminal Astroglial Hyperactivity, Cytokine Induction and NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation. THE OPEN PAIN JOURNAL 2010; 2010:144-152. [PMID: 21170295 PMCID: PMC3002905 DOI: 10.2174/1876386301003010144]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that primary afferent inputs play a role in astroglial hyperactivity after tissue injury. We first injected complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 0.05 ml, 1:1 oil/saline) into the masseter muscle, which upregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of astrocytes, interleukin (IL)-1β an inflammatory cytokine, and phosphorylation of serine896 of the NR1 subunit (P-NR1) of the NMDA receptor in the subnuclei interpolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition zone, an important structure for processing trigeminal nociceptive input. Local anesthetic block with lidocaine (2%) of the masseter muscle at 10 min prior to injection of CFA into the same site significantly reduced the CFA-induced increase in GFAP, IL-1β and P-NR1 (p<0.05, n=4/group). We then tested the effect of peripheral electrical stimulation (ES). The ES protocol was burst stimulation consisting of trains of 4 square pulses (10-100 Hz, 0.1-3 mA, 0.5 ms pulse width). Under pentobarbital anesthesia, an ES was delivered every 0.2 s for a total of 30 min. The Vi/Vc tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry or western blot analysis at 10-120 min after ES. Compared to naive and SHAM-treated rats, there was increased immunoreactivity against GFAP, IL-1β and P-NR1 in the Vi/Vc in rats receiving ES. Double staining showed that IL-1β was selectively localized in GFAP-positive astroglia, and P-NR1-immunoreactivity was localized to neurons. These findings indicate that primary afferent inputs are necessary and sufficient to induce astroglial hyperactivity and upregulation of IL-1β, as well as neuronal NMDA receptor phosphorylation.
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Contribution of Primary Afferent Input to Trigeminal Astroglial Hyperactivity, Cytokine Induction and NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.2174/1876386301003010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Microinjection of IL-1β into the trigeminal transition zone produces bilateral NMDA receptor-dependent orofacial hyperalgesia involving descending circuitry. THE OPEN PAIN JOURNAL 2009; 2:76-83. [PMID: 20221418 PMCID: PMC2835306 DOI: 10.2174/1876386300902010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies indicate that the prototypic proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is upregulated in astroglial cells in the trigeminal interplolaris/caudalis (Vi/Vc) transition zone, a region of the spinal trigeminal complex involved in trigeminal pain processing, after masseter muscle inflammation. Here we investigated the effect of microinjection of IL-1β into the Vi/Vc transition zone on orofacial nociception. The mechanical sensitivity of the orofacial site was assessed with von Frey microfilaments. The EF(50) values, defined as the von Frey filament force (g) that produces a 50% response frequency, were derived and used as a measure of mechanical sensitivity. A significant reduction in EF(50) indicates the occurrence of mechanical hyperalgesia/allodynia. Unilateral intra-Vi/Vc IL-1β (0.016-160 fmol) produced hyperalgesia/allodynia dose-dependently, which appeared at bilateral facial sites. The hyperalgesia was detectable as early as 30 min and lasted for 2-6 h (n=6, p<0.01). Intra-Vi/Vc pretreatment with an IL-1receptor antagonist (1 nmol) attenuated the IL-1β-induced hyperalgesia (p<0.01). Pre-injection of AP-5 (10 pmol) and MK-801 (20 pmol), two NMDA receptor antagonists, significantly attenuated IL-1β-induced hyperalgesia (p<0.05). Pretreatment with glial inhibitors fluorocitrate (120 pmol), minocycline (200 pmol) and propentofylline (10 pmol) did not attenuate IL-1β-induced hyperalgesia. Excitotoxic lesions of the rostral ventromedial medulla with ibotenic acid (2 μg) abolished IL-1β-induced contralateral hyperalgesia, suggesting a contribution of descending facilitatory drive. These results suggest that the IL-1β-produced effect on nociception was downstream to glial activation and involves interaction with NMDA receptors.
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345 POSTER Myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 as a potential target for cancer therapy. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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The alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonist 4OH-GTS-21 protects axotomized septohippocampal cholinergic neurons in wild type but not amyloid-overexpressing transgenic mice. Neuroscience 2007; 148:230-7. [PMID: 17640819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While activation of alpha7 nicotinic receptors protects neurons from a variety of apoptotic insults in vitro, little is known about this neuroprotective action in vivo, especially under amyloidogenic conditions that mimic Alzheimer's disease. We therefore investigated the effects of 4OH-GTS-21, a selective partial agonist for these receptors, on septohippocampal cholinergic and GABAergic neuron survival following fimbria fornix (FFX) lesions in three strains of mice: C57BL/6J wild type mice; human presenilin-1 mutant M146L (PS1) transgenic mice; and mice expressing both mutant PS1 and Swedish mutant K670N/M671L amyloid precursor protein (APP). Initial studies to demonstrated that 4OH-GTS-21 is likely brain permeant based on its ability to improve passive avoidance and Morris water task behaviors in nucleus basalis-lesioned rats. In FFX-lesioned mice, twice per day i.p. injections of 1 mg/kg of 4OH-GTS-21 for 2 weeks promoted the survival and prevented the atrophy of septal cholinergic neurons. Septal parvalbumin-staining GABAergic neurons were not protected by this treatment, although they also express alpha7 nicotinic receptors, suggesting an indirect, nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated mechanism. No protection of cholinergic neurons was observed in similarly treated PS1 or APP/PS1 transgenic mice. 4OH-GTS-21 treatment actually reduced cholinergic neuronal size in APP/PS1 mice. Hippocampal amyloid deposition was not affected by FFX lesions or treatment with this alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonist in APP/PS1 mice under these conditions. These results indicate that brain alpha7 nicotinic receptors are potential targets for protecting at-risk brain neurons in Alzheimer's disease, perhaps via their effects on NGF receptors; however, this protection may be sensitive under some conditions to environmental factors such as inhibitory amyloid-peptides.
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MESH Headings
- Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
- Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
- Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology
- Amyloid/genetics
- Amyloid/metabolism
- Anabasine/analogs & derivatives
- Anabasine/pharmacology
- Animals
- Axotomy
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Cholinergic Fibers/drug effects
- Cholinergic Fibers/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Fornix, Brain/drug effects
- Fornix, Brain/metabolism
- Fornix, Brain/physiopathology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nerve Degeneration/drug therapy
- Nerve Degeneration/genetics
- Nerve Degeneration/metabolism
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Nicotinic Agonists/pharmacology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/drug effects
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Septal Nuclei/drug effects
- Septal Nuclei/metabolism
- Septal Nuclei/physiopathology
- alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
- gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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alpha7 Nicotinic receptor gene delivery into mouse hippocampal neurons leads to functional receptor expression, improved spatial memory-related performance, and tau hyperphosphorylation. Neuroscience 2007; 145:314-22. [PMID: 17218065 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain alpha7 nicotinic receptors have become therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on their memory-enhancing and neuroprotective actions. This study investigated the feasibility of increasing neuronal alpha7 receptor functions using a gene delivery approach based on neuron-selective recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-derived vectors. In order to determine whether alpha7 receptor-mediated cytotoxicity was dependent on receptor density, rat alpha7 nicotinic receptors were expressed at high concentrations in GH4C1 cells as measured with nicotine-displaceable [3H]methyllycaconitine (MLA) binding. The potency of GTS-21 (an alpha7 receptor agonist) to induce cell loss was similar in these cells to that seen in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells expressing nine-times-lower receptor levels, suggesting that cytotoxicity was more dependent on agonist concentration than receptor density. Hippocampal transduction with rat alpha7 nicotinic receptors increased [3H]MLA binding in this region in wild type and alpha7 receptor-knockout (KO) mice without apparent cytotoxicity. No difference was observed in Kd values for MLA binding between endogenous and transgenic receptors. Single cell recordings demonstrated that dentate granule cells that normally have no alpha7 receptor response did so following alpha7 receptor gene delivery in wild type mice. Recovery of alpha7 function was also observed in stratum oriens and stratum radiatum neurons of KO mice following gene delivery. Wild type mice exhibited improved acquisition performance in the Morris water task 1 month after bilateral hippocampal transductions with the rat alpha7 receptor gene compared with green fluorescent protein-transduced controls. However, both groups reached similar training levels and there was no difference in subsequent probe performance. Finally, this gene delivery approach was used to test whether alpha7 receptors affect tau-phosphorylation. Chronic (i.e. 2 month but not 2 week) expression of high levels of alpha7 receptors in hippocampus increased AT8 staining characteristic of hyperphosphorylated tau in that region, indicating that endogenous agonist-mediated receptor activation may be able to modulate this process.
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A brainstem substrate for analgesia elicited by intraoral sucrose. Neuroscience 2005; 133:231-43. [PMID: 15893646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 01/26/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that nursing or intraoral infusion of certain components of mother's milk (e.g. sugars and fats) produces calming and opiate receptor-dependent analgesia in newborn rats and humans. However, the neural circuitry underlying such analgesia is unknown. The aim of the present study was to specify the central pathways by which taste stimuli engage neural antinociceptive mechanisms. For this purpose, midcollicular transactions were used to investigate the role of the forebrain in analgesia elicited by intraoral infusion of 0.2 M sucrose in neonatal rats. Sucrose-induced analgesia persisted, and was enhanced, following midcollicular transection, indicating that it did not require neural circuits confined to the forebrain. Fos immunohistochemistry was used to identify brainstem neurons activated by a brief (90 s) intraoral infusion of a small volume (90 microl, 0.2M) of sucrose or a salt solution (0.1 M ammonium chloride) in 10-day-old rat pups. Compared with control groups (intact, cannula, distilled water), both sucrose and ammonium chloride induced Fos expression in the rostral nucleus tractus solitarius, the first relay in the ascending gustatory pathway. Sucrose also elicited Fos expression in several brainstem areas associated with centrally mediated analgesia, including the periaqueductal gray and the nucleus raphe magnus. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that analgesia elicited by intraoral sucrose does not require involvement of the forebrain. Intraoral sucrose activates neurons in the periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe magnus, two key brainstem sites critically involved in descending pain modulation.
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Comparison of the Antinociceptive Profiles of Gabapentin and 3-Methylgabapentin in Rat Models of Acute and Persistent Pain: Implications for Mechanism of Action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 313:1209-16. [PMID: 15734900 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.081778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticonvulsant gabapentin (GBP) has been shown effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain, although its mechanism of action remains unclear. A recent report has suggested that binding to the alpha(2)delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels contributes to its antinociceptive effect, based on the stereoselective efficacy of two analogs: (1S,3R)3-methylgabapentin (3-MeGBP) (IC(50) = 42 nM), which is effective in neuropathic pain models; and (1R,3R)3-MeGBP (IC(50) > 10,000 nM), which is ineffective (Field et al., 2000). The present study was designed to further examine the profiles of GBP and 3-MeGBP in rat models of acute and persistent pain. Systemic administration of GBP or (1S,3R)3-MeGBP inhibited tactile allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain, whereas (1R,3R)3-MeGBP was ineffective. The antiallodynic effect of GBP, but not (1S,3R)3-MeGBP, was blocked by i.t. injection of the GABA(B) receptor antagonist [3-[[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]amino]propyl](diethoxymethyl)phosphinic acid (CGP52432). Systemic GBP or (1S,3R)3-MeGBP also inhibited the second phase of formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviors, whereas (1R,3R)3-MeGBP was ineffective. However, both (1S,3R)3-MeGBP and (1R,3R)3-MeGBP, but not GBP, inhibited first phase behaviors. In the carrageenan model of inflammatory pain, systemic GBP or (1R,3R)3-MeGBP failed to inhibit thermal hyperalgesia, whereas (1S,3R)3-MeGBP had a significant, albeit transient, effect. Systemic (1S,3R)3-MeGBP, but not GBP or (1R,3R)3-MeGBP, also produced an antinociceptive effect in the warm water tail withdrawal test of acute pain. These data demonstrate that GBP and 3-MeGBP display different antinociceptive profiles, suggesting dissimilar mechanisms of antinociceptive action. Thus, the stereoselective efficacy of 3-MeGBP, presumably related to alpha(2)delta binding, likely does not completely account for the mechanism of action of GBP.
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Construction of Enzymatic Biodegradable Multilayered Film via Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly to Control Release of DNA. Biomacromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/bm049377d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Characterization of basal and re-inflammation-associated long-term alteration in pain responsivity following short-lasting neonatal local inflammatory insult. Pain 2004; 110:588-596. [PMID: 15288399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2003] [Revised: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several studies have suggested that neonatal noxious insult could alter future responses to painful stimuli. However, the manifestations, mechanisms, and even developmental nature of these alterations remain a matter of controversy. In part, this is due to the lack of detailed information on the neonatal sensitive period(s) during which noxious stimulation influences future nociception, and the time-course and distribution of the resultant abnormalities. The present paper describes these parameters in a rat model of short-lasting ( approximately 24 h) neonatal local inflammation of a hindpaw produced by injection of 0.25% carrageenan (1 microl/g). Examinations of paw withdrawal responses to thermal and mechanical stimulations in adult animals, which as neonates were subjected to this insult, showed that the previously-reported long-term hypoalgesia and hyperalgesia are not mutually exclusive outcomes of early noxious experience. Long-term hypoalgesia was apparent at the basal conditions and was equally strong in the previously injured and uninjured paws, which suggests a globally-driven deficit. In contrast, long-term excessive hyperalgesia had the strongest manifestation in the neonatally-injured paw after re-inflammation, indicating significant segmental involvement in its generation. The differences between mechanisms underlying the observed hypoalgesia and hyperalgesia are further underscored by the finding that, while the former is detectable only after animals reach the second month of life, the latter is elicitable immediately upon cessation of the initial neonatal inflammation. Nevertheless, we detected a significant overlap in the neonatal sensitive periods for generation of these effects (both occurring within the first postnatal week). Also, neither the basal hypoalgesia nor excessive re-inflammation-associated hyperalgesia subsided with age and were detectable in 120-125-day-old rats. These finding provide a framework within which the entire complex of long-term effects of early noxious experience can be understood and examined.
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Ontogeny of analgesia elicited by non-nutritive suckling in acute and persistent neonatal rat pain models. Pain 2004; 109:507-513. [PMID: 15157713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 02/10/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Significant analgesic and calming effects in human infants and neonatal rodents are produced by orogustatory and orotactile stimuli associated with nursing. These naturally occurring analgesic stimuli may help to protect the vulnerable developing nervous system from the long-term effects of neonatal tissue injury. However, the efficacy of orotactile-induced analgesia across the pre-weaning period, as well as its effects on persistent inflammatory pain, is unknown. Here, we investigated the developmental profile of analgesia produced by orotactile stimulation during non-nutritive suckling in rats. The effects of suckling, as compared to non-suckling littermates, on nocifensive withdrawal responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli were examined at postnatal (P) days P0, P3, P10, P17 and P21. In some rats, Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was injected in a fore- or hindpaw to produce inflammation. For thermal stimuli, suckling significantly increased forepaw withdrawal latencies at P3, P10 and P17, while hindpaw responses were increased at P3 and P10, but not at P17. In inflamed pups, suckling increased fore- and hindpaw response latencies at P10 and P17, but not at P0 or P21. Suckling-induced analgesia was naloxone-insensitive. For mechanical stimuli, suckling-induced analgesia was present at P3, P10 and P17, but not at P21, for both fore- and hindpaws in naïve and inflamed animals. Additionally, suckling had a small but significant effect at P0 for the forepaw in inflamed pups. In nearly all experiments, the peak effect of suckling for thermal and mechanical stimuli occurred at P10. These results indicate that orotactile analgesia, like orogustatory analgesia, is absent or minimal at P0, appears consistently at approximately P3 and is maximal at P10. Unlike gustatory analgesia in rats however, orotactile analgesia persists at least to P17. Orotactile stimulation during suckling effectively reduces transient pain elicited by thermal and mechanical stimuli, as well as persistent hyperalgesia and allodynia caused by inflammation.
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Electro-acupuncture attenuates behavioral hyperalgesia and selectively reduces spinal Fos protein expression in rats with persistent inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2003; 2:111-7. [PMID: 14622832 DOI: 10.1054/jpai.2001.19575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on persistent inflammatory hyperalgesia in a rat model. Inflammation and hyperalgesia were induced by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into one hindpaw of the rat. Hyperalgesia was determined by a decrease in paw withdrawal latencies (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus. EA was applied bilaterally at the acupuncture point Huantiao (G30) at the rat's hindlimbs. EA-treated rats (n = 11) had significantly longer PWLs as compared with placebo control rats (n = 7) in the inflamed paw at 2.5 hours and 5 days after injection of CFA (P <.05) and longer PWLs as compared to sham control rats (n = 9) at 2.5 hours (P >.05). Paw edema was significantly reduced in EA-treated rats versus placebo controls at 24 hours after inflammation (P <.01). Inflammation-induced spinal Fos expression in the medial half of laminae I-II in EA-treated rats versus placebo rats (n = 5 per group) was significantly reduced (P <.01). These data showed that EA delayed the onset and facilitated the recovery of inflammatory hyperalgesia and suppressed the inflammation-induced spinal Fos expression in neurons (laminae I-II) involved in receiving noxious stimulation. This rat model of persistent pain and inflammation seems to be an ideal animal model for studying the effect of acupuncture.
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