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Unleashing Natural IL18 Activity Using an Anti-IL18BP Blocker Induces Potent Immune Stimulation and Antitumor Effects. Cancer Immunol Res 2024:OF1-OF17. [PMID: 38592331 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant cytokines have limited anticancer efficacy mostly due to a narrow therapeutic window and systemic adverse effects. IL18 is an inflammasome-induced proinflammatory cytokine, which enhances T- and NK-cell activity and stimulates IFNγ production. The activity of IL18 is naturally blocked by a high-affinity endogenous binding protein (IL18BP). IL18BP is induced in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to IFNγ upregulation in a negative feedback mechanism. In this study, we found that IL18 is upregulated in the TME compared with the periphery across multiple human tumors and most of it is bound to IL18BP. Bound IL18 levels were largely above the amount required for T-cell activation in vitro, implying that releasing IL18 in the TME could lead to potent T-cell activation. To restore the activity of endogenous IL18, we generated COM503, a high-affinity anti-IL18BP that blocks the IL18BP:IL18 interaction and displaces precomplexed IL18, thereby enhancing T- and NK-cell activation. In vivo, administration of a surrogate anti-IL18BP, either alone or in combination with anti-PD-L1, resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition and increased survival across multiple mouse tumor models. Moreover, the anti-IL18BP induced pronounced TME-localized immune modulation including an increase in polyfunctional nonexhausted T- and NK-cell numbers and activation. In contrast, no increase in inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte numbers or activation state was observed in serum and spleen. Taken together, blocking IL18BP using an Ab is a promising approach to harness cytokine biology for the treatment of cancer.
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Randomized evaluation of an online single-session intervention for minority stress in LGBTQ+ adolescents. Internet Interv 2023; 33:100633. [PMID: 37635950 PMCID: PMC10457524 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LGBTQ+ youth face myriad adverse health outcomes due to minority stress, creating a need for accessible, mechanism-targeted interventions to mitigate these minority stress-related risk factors. We tested the effectiveness and acceptability of Project RISE, an online single-session intervention designed to ameliorate internalized stigma and improve other outcomes among LGBTQ+ youth. We hypothesized that youth assigned to RISE (versus a control) would report significantly reduced internalized stigma and increased identity pride at post-intervention and at two-week follow-up and would find RISE acceptable. Methods We recruited adolescents nationally through Instagram advertisements in May 2022 (N = 538; M age = 15.06, SD age = 0.97). Participants were randomly assigned to RISE or an information-only control and completed questionnaires pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and two weeks post-intervention. Inclusion criteria included endorsing: (1) LGBTQ+ identity, (2) age 13-16, (3) English fluency (4) Internet access, and (5) subjective negative impact of LGBTQ+ stigma. Results Relative to participants in the control condition, participants who completed RISE reported significant decreases in internalized stigma (d = -0.49) and increases in identity pride (d = 0.25) from pre- to immediately post-intervention, along with decreased internalized stigma (d = -0.26) from baseline to two-week follow-up. Participants rated both RISE and the information-only control as highly, equivalently acceptable. Conclusions RISE appears to be an acceptable and useful online SSI for LGBTQ+ adolescents, with potential to reduce internalized stigma in both the short- and longer-term. Future directions include evaluating effects of Project RISE over longer follow-ups and in conjunction with other mental health supports.
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Signal of harm in morphine use in adults with acute pulmonary oedema: A rapid systematic review. S Afr Med J 2023; 113:39-43. [PMID: 37882120 DOI: 10.7196/samj.2023.v113i8.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure affects nearly 65 million people globally, resulting in recurrent hospital admissions and substantial healthcare expenditure. The use of morphine in the management of acute pulmonary oedema remains controversial, with conflicting guidance and significant variation in practice. Synthesised evidence is needed to inform standard treatment guidelines and clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To determine whether morphine should be used in the treatment of acute pulmonary oedema (APE) in adults. METHODS A rapid review of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials or observational studies, and then randomised controlled trials, was conducted searching three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) and one clinical trial registry on 12 February 2022. We used a prespecified protocol following Cochrane rapid review methods and aligned to the National Standard Treatment Guidelines and Essential Medicines List methodology. We first considered relevant high-quality systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials or observational studies, then (if required) randomised controlled trials to inform time-sensitive or urgent evidence requests, clinical practice, policy, or standard treatment guidelines. RESULTS We identified four systematic reviews of observational studies. The two most relevant, up-to-date, and highest-quality reviews were used to inform evidence for critical outcomes. Morphine may increase in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 - 3.13; low certainty of evidence; six observational studies, n=151 735 participants), resulting in 15 more per 1 000 hospital deaths, ranging from 0 to 40 more hospital deaths. Morphine may result in a large increase in invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.09 - 6.80; low certainty of evidence; four observational studies, n=167 847 participants), resulting in 45 more per 1 000 ventilations, ranging from 2 more to 136 more. Adverse events and hospital length of stay were not measured across reviews or trials. CONCLUSION Based on the most recent, relevant and best-available quality evidence, morphine use in adults with APE may increase in-hospital and all-cause mortality and may result in a large increase in the need for invasive mechanical ventilation compared to not using morphine. Recommending against the use of morphine in pulmonary oedema may improve patient outcomes. Disinvesting in morphine for this indication may result in cost savings, noting the possible accrued benefits of fewer patients requiring invasive ventilation and management of morphine-related side-effects.
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Colchicine treatment can be discontinued in a selected group of pediatric FMF patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:2. [PMID: 36600239 PMCID: PMC9811732 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients are required to adhere to a life-long treatment with colchicine, primarily for preventing amyloidosis. As some patients may be asymptomatic for long periods of time, it remains unclear whether it is possible to discontinue colchicine treatment in a selective group of patients. We aimed to identify predictive characteristics for a successful cessation of colchicine therapy. METHODS Out of 646 FMF pediatric patients followed in our referral FMF clinic, colchicine treatment was discontinued in 51 patients. In this study we compared the genetic, demographic, and clinical characteristics between patients for whom a successful cessation of therapy was made (Group 1; n = 21) and patients for whom cessation of therapy was deemed a failure (Group 2; n = 30) and consequently had to resume colchicine therapy. RESULTS Patients for whom a successful cessation of therapy was achieved had no biallelic pathogenic MEFV mutations, were less likely to have "severe attacks" (two or more FMF characteristic symptoms) (24% vs 80%; P = 0.000067) and did not require higher than 1 mg/day of colchicine, prior to the drug cessation. Remission duration under colchicine treatment was significantly higher in group 1 compared with group 2 (4.36 years ±2.12 vs 2.53 years ±2; P = 0.0036). CONCLUSION This study supports the concept of colchicine free remission in a minority of FMF patients (3%). Holding treatment, under close monitoring, may be reasonable when selecting the appropriate patients.
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COMMD10 is critical for Kupffer cell survival and controls Ly6C hi monocyte differentiation and inflammation in the injured liver. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110026. [PMID: 34788631 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-resident macrophages Kupffer cells (KCs) and infiltrating Ly6Chi monocytes both contribute to liver tissue regeneration in various pathologies but also to disease progression upon disruption of orderly consecutive regeneration cascades. Little is known about molecular pathways that regulate their differentiation, maintenance, or inflammatory behavior during injury. Here, we show that copper metabolism MURR1 domain (COMMD)10-deficient KCs adopt liver-specific identity. Strikingly, COMMD10 deficiency in KCs and in other tissue-resident macrophages impedes their homeostatic survival, leading to their continuous replacement by Ly6Chi monocytes. While COMMD10 deficiency in KCs mildly worsens acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI), its deficiency in Ly6Chi monocytes results in exacerbated and sustained hepatic damage. Monocytes display unleashed inflammasome activation and a reduced type I interferon response and acquire "neutrophil-like" and lipid-associated macrophage differentiation fates. Collectively, COMMD10 appears indispensable for KC and other tissue-resident macrophage survival and is an important regulator of Ly6Chi monocyte fate decisions and reparative behavior in the diseased liver.
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Clinical phenotype and risk factors for severe efavirenz-associated neurotoxicity amongst inpatients in Cape Town, South Africa. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Essential medicine selection during the COVID-19 pandemic: Enabling access in uncharted territory. S Afr Med J 2020; 110:1077-1080. [PMID: 33403981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic requires urgent decisions regarding treatment policy in the face of rapidly evolving evidence. In response, the South African Essential Medicines List Committee established a subcommittee to systematically review and appraise emerging evidence, within very short timelines, in order to inform the National Department of Health COVID-19 treatment guidelines. To date, the subcommittee has reviewed 14 potential treatments, and made recommendations based on local context, feasibility, resource requirements and equity. Here we describe the rapid review and evidence-to-decision process, using remdesivir and dexamethasone as examples. Our experience is that conducting rapid reviews is a practical and efficient way to address medicine policy questions under pandemic conditions.
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Abstract No. 670 Safety and efficacy of mechanical inferior vena cava filtration for preventing pulmonary embolism in high-risk orthopedic patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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A genome-wide association study in mice reveals a role for Rhbdf2 in skeletal homeostasis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3286. [PMID: 32094386 PMCID: PMC7039944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low bone mass and an increased risk of fracture are predictors of osteoporosis. Individuals who share the same bone-mineral density (BMD) vary in their fracture risk, suggesting that microstructural architecture is an important determinant of skeletal strength. Here, we utilized the rich diversity of the Collaborative Cross mice to identify putative causal genes that contribute to the risk of fractures. Using microcomputed tomography, we examined key structural features that pertain to bone quality in the femoral cortical and trabecular compartments of male and female mice. We estimated the broad-sense heritability to be 50–60% for all examined traits, and we identified five quantitative trait loci (QTL) significantly associated with six traits. We refined each QTL by combining information inferred from the ancestry of the mice, ranging from RNA-Seq data and published literature to shortlist candidate genes. We found strong evidence for new candidate genes, particularly Rhbdf2, whose close association with the trabecular bone volume fraction and number was strongly suggested by our analyses. We confirmed our findings with mRNA expression assays of Rhbdf2 in extreme-phenotype mice, and by phenotyping bones of Rhbdf2 knockout mice. Our results indicate that Rhbdf2 plays a decisive role in bone mass accrual and microarchitecture.
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COMMD10-Guided Phagolysosomal Maturation Promotes Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus in Macrophages. iScience 2019; 14:147-163. [PMID: 30959277 PMCID: PMC6453835 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of infectious disease. Liver Kupffer cells (KCs) are responsible for sequestering and destroying S. aureus through the phagolysosomal pathway. Proteins belonging to the COMMD family emerge as key intracellular regulators of protein trafficking, but the role of COMMD10 in macrophage-mediated S. aureus eradication is unknown. Here we report that COMMD10 in macrophages was necessary for its timely elimination, as demonstrated with two different S. aureus subspecies. In vivo, COMMD10-deficient liver KCs exhibited impaired clearance of systemic S. aureus infection. S. aureus-infected COMMD10-deficient macrophages exhibited impaired activation of the transcription factor EB, resulting in reduced lysosomal biogenesis. Moreover, S. aureus-initiated phagolysosomal maturation and function were significantly attenuated in COMMD10-deficient macrophages. Finally, expression of COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 complex, linked to phagolysosomal maturation, was reduced by COMMD10 deficiency. Collectively, these results support an important role for COMMD10 in instructing macrophage phagolysosomal biogenesis and maturation during S. aureus infection.
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The process of change in psychotherapy with a pregnant patient following perinatal losses: An analysis of a case study. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:874-885. [PMID: 30768793 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM Despite research suggesting increased anxiety and depressive symptoms after a perinatal loss and during future pregnancies, little knowledge exists to guide clinicians treating pregnant women after perinatal loss. This case study explores processes that facilitated therapeutic change for a pregnant patient with major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder after perinatal losses. METHOD The study integrated quantitative and narrative analyses in a single case derived from the pilot phase of a randomized controlled trial on supportive-expressive therapy for MDD. RESULTS The quantitative and narrative analyses suggest that an improvement in maladaptive interpersonal patterns toward the therapist, in the form of attachment avoidance, made it possible to form a strong alliance, which in turn led to a successful outcome. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of improving maladaptive interpersonal patterns as a prerequisite to enable patients after pregnancy losses to develop and maintain a corrective therapeutic experience.
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Identical and Nonidentical Twins: Risk and Factors Involved in Development of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:192-199. [PMID: 30061316 PMCID: PMC6341285 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are variable reports of risk of concordance for progression to islet autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes in identical twins after one twin is diagnosed. We examined development of positive autoantibodies and type 1 diabetes and the effects of genetic factors and common environment on autoantibody positivity in identical twins, nonidentical twins, and full siblings. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study (N = 48,026) were screened from 2004 to 2015 for islet autoantibodies (GAD antibody [GADA], insulinoma-associated antigen 2 [IA-2A], and autoantibodies against insulin [IAA]). Of these subjects, 17,226 (157 identical twins, 283 nonidentical twins, and 16,786 full siblings) were followed for autoantibody positivity or type 1 diabetes for a median of 2.1 years. RESULTS At screening, identical twins were more likely to have positive GADA, IA-2A, and IAA than nonidentical twins or full siblings (all P < 0.0001). Younger age, male sex, and genetic factors were significant factors for expression of IA-2A, IAA, one or more positive autoantibodies, and two or more positive autoantibodies (all P ≤ 0.03). Initially autoantibody-positive identical twins had a 69% risk of diabetes by 3 years compared with 1.5% for initially autoantibody-negative identical twins. In nonidentical twins, type 1 diabetes risk by 3 years was 72% for initially multiple autoantibody-positive, 13% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0% for initially autoantibody-negative nonidentical twins. Full siblings had a 3-year type 1 diabetes risk of 47% for multiple autoantibody-positive, 12% for single autoantibody-positive, and 0.5% for initially autoantibody-negative subjects. CONCLUSIONS Risk of type 1 diabetes at 3 years is high for initially multiple and single autoantibody-positive identical twins and multiple autoantibody-positive nonidentical twins. Genetic predisposition, age, and male sex are significant risk factors for development of positive autoantibodies in twins.
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GIP regulates inflammation and body weight by restraining myeloid-cell-derived S100A8/A9. Nat Metab 2019; 1:58-69. [PMID: 32694806 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells relay energy-derived signals to immune cells to signal states of nutrient abundance and control immunometabolism. Emerging data suggest that the gut-derived nutrient-induced incretin glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) operates at the interface of metabolism and inflammation. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice with immune cell-targeted GIP receptor (GIPR) deficiency exhibit greater weight gain, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and significant myelopoiesis concomitantly with impaired energy expenditure and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging. Expression of the S100 calcium-binding protein S100A8 was increased in the WAT of mice with immune cell-targeted GIPR deficiency and co-deletion of GIPR and the heterodimer S100A8/A9 in immune cells ameliorated the aggravated metabolic and inflammatory phenotype following a HFD. Specific GIPR deletion in myeloid cells identified this lineage as the target of GIP effects. Furthermore, GIP directly downregulated S100A8 expression in adipose tissue macrophages. Collectively, our results identify a myeloid-GIPR-S100A8/A9 signalling axis coupling nutrient signals to the control of inflammation and adaptive thermogenesis.
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Impaired COMMD10-Mediated Regulation of Ly6C hi Monocyte-Driven Inflammation Disrupts Gut Barrier Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2623. [PMID: 30487795 PMCID: PMC6246736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ly6Chi monocyte tissue infiltrates play important roles in mediating local inflammation, bacterial elimination and resolution during sepsis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Yet, the immunoregulatory pathways dictating their activity remain poorly understood. COMMD family proteins are emerging as key regulators of signaling and protein trafficking events during inflammation, but the specific role of COMMD10 in governing Ly6Chi monocyte-driven inflammation is unknown. Here we report that COMMD10 curbs canonical and non-canonical inflammasome activity in Ly6Chi monocytes in a model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Accordingly, its deficiency in myeloid cells, but not in tissue resident macrophages, resulted in increased Ly6Chi monocyte liver and colonic infiltrates, elevated systemic cytokine storm, increased activation of caspase-1 and-11 in the liver and colon, and augmented IL-1β production systemically and specifically in LPS-challenged circulating Ly6Chi monocytes. These inflammatory manifestations were accompanied by impaired intestinal barrier function with ensuing bacterial dissemination to the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver leading to increased mortality. The increased inflammasome activity and intestinal barrier leakage were ameliorated by the inducible ablation of COMMD10-deficient Ly6Chi monocytes. In consistence with these results, COMMD10-deficiency in Ly6Chi monocytes, but not in intestinal-resident lamina propria macrophages, led to increased IL-1β production and aggravated colonic inflammation in a model of DSS-induced colitis. Finally, COMMD10 expression was reduced in Ly6Chi monocytes and their corresponding human CD14hi monocytes sorted from mice subjected to DSS-induced colitis or from IBD patients, respectively. Collectively, these results highlight COMMD10 as a negative regulator of Ly6Chi monocyte inflammasome activity during systemic inflammation and IBD.
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Phase II open-label, global study evaluating dabrafenib in combination with trametinib in pediatric patients with BRAF V600–mutant high-grade glioma (HGG) or low-grade glioma (LGG). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy273.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Correction to: Regulation of diabetic cardiomyopathy by caloric restriction is mediated by intracellular signaling pathways involving 'SIRT1 and PGC-1α'. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:115. [PMID: 30119667 PMCID: PMC6097296 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Regulation of diabetic cardiomyopathy by caloric restriction is mediated by intracellular signaling pathways involving 'SIRT1 and PGC-1α'. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:111. [PMID: 30071860 PMCID: PMC6090985 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are all linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy that lead to heart failure. Cardiomyopathy is initially characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, followed by mitochondrial dysfunction and fibrosis, both of which are aggravated by angiotensin. Caloric restriction (CR) is cardioprotective in animal models of heart disease through its catabolic activity and activation of the expression of adaptive genes. We hypothesized that in the diabetic heart; this effect involves antioxidant defenses and is mediated by SIRT1 and the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator). Methods Obese Leptin resistant (db/db) mice characterized by DM2 were treated with angiotensin II (AT) for 4 weeks to enhance the development of cardiomyopathy. Mice were concomitantly either on a CR diet or fed ad libitum. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to high levels of glucose and were treated with EX-527 (SIRT1 inhibitor). Cardiac structure and function, gene and protein expression and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. Results AT treated db/db mice developed cardiomyopathy manifested by elevated levels of serum glucose, cholesterol and cardiac hypertrophy. Leukocyte infiltration, fibrosis and an increase in an inflammatory marker (TNFα) and natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) gene expression were also observed. Oxidative stress was manifested by low SOD and PGC-1α levels and an increase in ROS and MDA. DM2 resulted in ERK1/2 activation. CR attenuated all these deleterious perturbations and prevented the development of cardiomyopathy. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced in CR mice (p = 0.008). Concomitantly CR prevented the reduction in SIRT activity and PGC-1α (p < 0.04). Inhibition of SIRT1 activity in cardiomyocytes led to a marked reduction in both SIRT1 and PGC-1α. ROS levels were significantly (p < 0.03) increased by glucose and SIRT1 inhibition. Conclusion In the current study we present evidence of the cardioprotective effects of CR operating through SIRT1 and PGC-1 α, thereby decreasing oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation. Our results suggest that increasing SIRT1 and PGC-1α levels offer new therapeutic approaches for the protection of the diabetic heart.
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Optical skyrmion lattice in evanescent electromagnetic fields. Science 2018; 361:993-996. [PMID: 30026318 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Topological defects play a key role in a variety of physical systems, ranging from high-energy to solid-state physics. A skyrmion is a type of topological defect that has shown promise for applications in the fields of magnetic storage and spintronics. We show that optical skyrmion lattices can be generated using evanescent electromagnetic fields and demonstrate this using surface plasmon polaritons, imaged by phase-resolved near-field optical microscopy. We show how the optical skyrmion lattice exhibits robustness to imperfections while the topological domain walls in the lattice can be continuously tuned, changing the spatial structure of the skyrmions from bubble type to Néel type. Extending the generation of skyrmions to photonic systems provides various possibilities for applications in optical information processing, transfer, and storage.
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Pancreatic cancer ascites xenograft-an expeditious model mirroring advanced therapeutic resistant disease. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40778-40790. [PMID: 28489577 PMCID: PMC5522335 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has limited treatment options. There is an urgent need for developing appropriate pre-clinical models recapitulating metastatic disease, the most common clinical scenario at presentation. Ascites accumulation occurs in up to 20–30% of patients with pancreatic cancer; this milieu represents a highly cellular research resource of metastatic peritoneal spread. In this study, we utilized pancreatic ascites/pleural effusion cancer cells to establish patient derived xenografts. Ascites/pleural effusion-patient derived xenografts were established from twelve independent cases. Xenografts were serially passed in nude mice and tissue bio-specimen banking has been established. Histopathology of emergent tumors demonstrates poorly to moderately differentiated, glandular and mucin producing tumors, mirroring morphology of primary pancreatic cancer tumors. Whole genome sequencing of six patient derived xenografts samples demonstrates common mutations and structural variations similar to those reported in primary pancreatic cancer. Xenograft tumors were dissociated to single-cells and in-vitro drug sensitivity screen assays demonstrated chemo-resistance, correlating with patient clinical scenarios, thus serving as a platform for clinically relevant translational research. Therefore, establishment of this novel ascites/pleural effusion patient derived xenograft model, with extensive histopathology and genomic characterization, opens an opportunity for the study of advanced aggressive pancreatic cancer. Characterization of metastatic disease and mechanisms of resistance to therapeutics may lead to the development of novel drug combinations.
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Recapitulating the clinical scenario of BRCA-associated pancreatic cancer in pre-clinical models. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:179-183. [PMID: 29396858 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignancies. BRCA-associated PDAC comprises a clinically relevant subtype. A portion of these patients are highly susceptible to DNA damaging therapeutics, however, responses are heterogeneous and clinical resistance evolves. We have developed unique patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models from metastatic lesions of germline BRCA-mutated patients obtained at distinct time points; before treatment and at progression. Thus, closely mimicking clinical scenarios, to further investigate treatment naïve and resistant patients. DNA was isolated from six BRCA-mutated PDXs and classified by whole-genome sequencing to stable-genome or homologous recombination deficient (HRD)-genome. The sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents was evaluated in vivo in three BRCA-associated PDAC PDXs models: (1) HRD-genome naïve to treatments; (2) stable-genome naïve to treatment; (3) HRD-genome resistant to treatment. Correlation between disease course at tissue acquisition and response to PARP inhibitor (PARPi)/platinum was demonstrated in PDXs in vivo. Only the HRD-genome PDX, naïve to treatment, was sensitive to PARP inhibitor/cisplatin treatments. Our results demonstrate heterogeneous responses to DNA damaging agents/PARPi in BRCA-associated PDX thus reflecting the wide clinical spectrum. An HRD-genome PDX generated from a naïve to treatment biopsy was sensitive to platinum/PARPi whereas no benefit was observed in treating a HRD-genome PDXs generated from a patient that had acquired resistance nor stable-genome PDXs.
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Microdamage at the pin-bone interface of external skeletal fixation pins after short-term cyclical loading
ex-vivo. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThis study determined microdamage associated with external fixation pin insertion and short-term cyclical loading, using an ex vivo ovine tibial model. Orthofix tapered blunt-tipped 3.5/4.5 mm fixation pins and Apex® self-drilling self-tapping fixation pins, 4 mm in diameter, were used. After insertion, the constructs were either loaded in cantilever bending or not loaded. Constructs were then bulk-stained in basic fuchsin, and calcified sections were made. The sections were reviewed qualitatively and the microcrack surface density (Cr.S.Dn, μm/mm2) was quantified at the pin-bone interface. The pattern and quantity of microdamage induced was significantly influenced by fixation pin design and cortical region within the cisor transcortex, but not short-term cyclical loading. Overall, Cr.S.Dn was significantly increased with use of the Orthofix fixation pin (P < 0.01). Cr.S.Dn was also increased in the medial cis-cortex, compared with the lateral transcortex (P < 0.05). Diffuse damage within the medial cis-cortex was higher with the Orthofix pin. In contrast, the Howmedica Apex® fixation pin caused fracture of the periosteal region of the lateral transcortex, but relatively little microdamage within the medial cis-cortex. In this model as a consequence of pin insertion, fixation pin design had significant specific damage effects on both the medial cis-cortex and the lateral trans-cortex
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Chemical and thyroid hormone profile of the bone marrow interstitial fluid in hematologic disorders and patients without primary hematologic disorders. Hematol Oncol 2018; 36:445-450. [PMID: 29380910 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow interstitial fluid (BMIF) has not been well characterized. BMIF was isolated from 60 patients including plasma cell dyscrasias (PCD, n = 33), other primary hematologic disorders (OHD, n = 15), and patients with secondary or nonhemtologic disorders (NHD, n = 12) and analyzed for an array of chemical constituents. These included total cholesterol, glucose, phosphate, creatinine, urea, total protein, albumin, globulins, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, sodium, osmolarity, free triiodothyronine (free T3), total triiodothyronine (total T3), and free tetraiodothyronine (free T4). Levels of BMIF components were compared between patient groups and to plasma levels. Compared with plasma, total cholesterol, total protein, total bilirubin, sodium, and calculated osmolarity were lower in BMIF in all groups (P < 0.05). Calculated globulins and aspartate aminotransferase were lower in BMIF of PCD patients and patients with NHD. Albumin was lower in BMIF of patients with PCD and patients with OHD. Lastly, free T4 was significantly higher in BMIF of patients with PCD and patients with OHD. Similar results were demonstrated in a separate analysis performed in patients with multiple myeloma. To conclude, the chemical and thyroid hormone composition of BMIF differs significantly from plasma in several key constituents.
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The induction of myeloma cell death and DNA damage by tetrac, a thyroid hormone derivative. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:21-34. [PMID: 29018054 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy in which involvement of the thyroid hormone-integrin αvβ3 pathway was shown, and pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway is a rational approach to disease management. A thyroid hormone derivative, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), which inhibits l-thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) binding to αvβ3 integrin, was studied in five MM cell lines and primary bone marrow (BM) MM cells. Tetrac inhibited MM cell proliferation (absolute cell number/viability) and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis (annexin-V/PI and cell cycle). Activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 was further demonstrated. Moreover, DNA damage markers, ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP-1) and histone γH2AX were induced by tetrac. The various tetrac-initiated effects were attenuated by Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, suggesting integrin involvement. Primary BM mononuclear cells were harvested from MM patients (n = 39) at various disease stages. Tetrac-induced apoptosis (12/17 samples) and sensitized the cytotoxic action of bortezomib (6/9 samples). Lastly, expression of plasma membrane integrin αvβ3 was shown not only in the malignant plasma clone, but also in other cell populations within the BM samples (n = 25). Tetrac is anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic in MM and cells may offer a therapeutic approach for this disease.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the time to full enteral feedings in preterm infants after a practice change from routine evaluation of gastric residual volume before each feeding to selective evaluation of gastric residual volume , and to evaluate the impact of this change on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). STUDY DESIGN Data were collected on all gavage-fed infants born at ≤34 weeks gestational age (GA) for 2 years before (n = 239) and 2 years after the change (n = 233). RESULTS The median GA was 32.0 (IQR: 29.7-33.0) weeks before and 32.4 (30.4-33.4) weeks after the change (P = .02). Compared with historic controls, infants with selective evaluations of gastric residual volumes weaned from parenteral nutrition 1 day earlier (P < .001) and achieved full enteral feedings (150 cc/kg/day) 1 day earlier (P = .002). The time to full oral feedings and lengths of stay were similar. The rate of NEC (stage ≥ 2) was 1.7% in the selective gastric residual volume evaluation group compared with 3.3% in the historic control group (P = .4). Multiple regression analyses showed that the strongest predictor of time to full enteral feedings was GA. Routine evaluation of gastric residual volume and increasing time on noninvasive ventilation both prolonged the attainment of full enteral feedings. Findings were consistent in the subgroup with birth weights of <1500 g. Increased weight at discharge was most strongly associated with advancing postmenstrual, age but avoidance of routine evaluations of gastric residual volume also was a significant factor. CONCLUSIONS Avoiding routine evaluation of gastric residual volume before every feeding was associated with earlier attainment of full enteral feedings without increasing risk for NEC.
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Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Deficiency Leads to Impaired Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:3089-3098. [PMID: 28250160 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) contains controlled specialized microenvironments, or niches, that regulate the quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a gut-derived incretin hormone that mediates postprandial insulin secretion and has anabolic effects on adipose tissue. Previous studies demonstrated altered bone microarchitecture in mice deficient for GIP receptor (Gipr-/- ), as well as the expression of high-affinity GIP receptor by distinct cells constructing the BM HSPC niche. Nevertheless, the involvement of GIP in the process of BM hematopoiesis remains elusive. In this article, we show significantly reduced representation and proliferation of HSPC and myeloid progenitors in the BM of Gipr-/- mice. This was further manifested by reduced levels of BM and circulating differentiated immune cells in young and old adult mice. Moreover, GIP signaling was required for the establishment of supportive BM HSPC niches during HSPC repopulation in radioablated BM chimera mice. Finally, molecular profiling of various factors involved in retention, survival, and expansion of HSPC revealed significantly lower expression of the Notch-receptor ligands Jagged 1 and Jagged 2 in osteoblast-enriched bone extracts from Gipr-/- mice, which are important for HSPC expansion. In addition, there was increased expression of CXCL12, a factor important for HSPC retention and quiescence, in whole-BM extracts from Gipr-/- mice. Collectively, our data suggest that the metabolic hormone GIP plays an important role in BM hematopoiesis.
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ATM as a biomarker for DNA damage repair deficiency in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
308 Background: Approximately 15% of PDAC tumors display DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency. Germline BRCA (gBRCA) mutation serves as a robust biomarker for the DDR deficiency. A subset of patients displays a similar clinical phenotype but lack the gBRCA mutation. Identification of these BRCA-like subset of patients remains a challenge and an alternative approach may include DDR functional assays. Here we suggest loss of the ATM protein as one of the biomarkers for the identification of the DDR deficiency signature in PDAC. Methods: Patients were identified from the Sheba pancreatic cancer database based on strong family/personal history of BRCA- associated cancers or a durable response to platinum containing regimens ( ≥ 6 month) or harboring germline/somatic mutations in the DNA repair pathway (excluding gBRCA mutation). Archival FFPE blocks of primary tumors/metastatic lesions were used to explore ATM protein expression by IHC. Nuclear staining was regarded as positive. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes served as an internal positive control. ATM loss was defined as less than10% neoplastic nuclear staining at any intensity in the presence of positive lymphocytes staining. Results: We identified 53 patients with DDR deficiency phenotype between 2014-2016 from the Sheba PDAC database (n = 250). Median age at diagnosis was 65 years (46-81) and the majority were female (62%). 47% were diagnosed at stage I/II and 53% stage IV. In the subgroup of patients with DDR deficiency phenotype, 55% displayed a family history of BRCA-associated cancers, 19% had a personal history of malignancy and23% had known mutation in DNA repair pathway. 23/53 identified subjects have been analyzed to date. We identified 52% loss of ATM in the analyzed group (n = 23). Conclusions: Loss of ATM in an unselected PDAC population is 12% (H. Kim et al, 2014). Our data demonstrate that 52% of the highly selected subgroup of PDAC patients (DDR deficiency phenotype) was found to have loss of ATM protein expression, suggesting it to be one of the biomarker for DDR signature. Identification of these patients, based on ATM protein expression profile may lead to personalized treatment options.
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Enhancing susceptibility to PARPi in homologous recombination repair dysfunction (HRD)-associated pancreatic cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Caloric restriction ameliorates cardiomyopathy in animal model of diabetes. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:147-153. [PMID: 27884680 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The db/db mouse is an animal model of diabetes in which leptin receptor activity is deficient resulting accelerated cardiomyopathy when exposed to angiotensin (AT). Toll-like receptors 4 and 2 (TLR4, TLR2) are pattern recognition receptors, that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and exacerbate and release inflammatory cytokines. Fetuin A (Fet A) is a fatty acid carrier which affects inflammation and insulin resistance in obese humans and animals through TLRs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caloric restriction (CR) on free fatty acids (FFA) level and the inflammatory response in diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Left ventricular hypertrophy, increased fibrosis and leukocytes infiltration were observed in db/db AT treated hearts. Serum glucose, FFA, and cholesterol levels were elevated in db/db AT treated mice. Cardiac expression of PPARα increased while AKT phosphorylation was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Cumulatively, CR elevated cardiac PPARα improved the utilization of fatty acids, and reduced myocardial inflammation as seen by reduced levels of Fet A. Thus CR negated cardiomyopathy associated with AT in an animal model of diabetes suggesting that CR is an effective therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetes and associated cardiomyopathy.
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CNS tumours The first study of dabrafenib in pediatric patients with BRAF V600–mutant relapsed or refractory low-grade gliomas. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw435.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract P173: Caloric Restriction Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through the Recruitment of the Antioxidant System. Hypertension 2016. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.68.suppl_1.p173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Insulin resistance negatively impacts the diabetic heart in various ways, that include impaired insulin-mediated glucose uptake and a reduction in intracellular signalling. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is independent of coronary artery disease and is characterized by increased oxidative stress and extensive fibrotic changes, leading to increased myocardial stiffness and the development of diastolic dysfunction. Caloric restriction (CR) is cardioprotective mainly through its catabolic activity and increased insulin sensitivity. We examined the effect of CR on the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and changes in oxidative stress and antioxidant genes.
Methods:
Leptin resistant (db/db) mice suffer from obesity and diabetes. Mice were treated for 4 weeks with angiotensin II (AT) to induce severe cardiomyopathy. Mice under CR were fed 90% of their normal food intake for 2 weeks and 65% for an additional 2 weeks. Each group consisted of 5-6 animals.
Results:
CR attenuated obesity and the cardiomyopathy phenotype in diabetic mice. CR reduced body weight and heart weight in diabetic mice when compared to control animals (33.7±7.9g vs.44 ±5.9g; 0.137±0.023g vs. 0.17±0.02g respectively, p<0.05); and lowered blood glucose (576±167mg/dL vs 702.5±309 mg/dL, p<0.05). Echocardiography indicated that CR attenuated the hypertrophic phenotype in the diabetic mice when compared to control animals (LV internal diameter 3.34±0.46mm vs. 4.06±0.36mm, p<0.01). Diabetic mice treated with AT suffer from oxidative stress as evident in a 110% increase in serum MDA levels (p<0.011), a reduction of 81% in adiponectin (p<0.001) and 65% in PGC-1α (p<0.0046) mRNA levels in cardiac tissue of diabetic mice compared to WT mice. The attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy after CR was accompanied by a reduction in serum MDA levels (p<0.028) and an increase in cardiac adiponectin, HO-1 and PGC-1α levels (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
These results indicate that a short term CR attenuated the development of AT induced diabetic cardiomyopathy through the activation of the adiponectin- PGC-1α- HO-1-axis. This appears to be a critical module in protecting the diabetic heart from the development of cardiomyopathy.
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Low thyroid hormone levels improve survival in murine model for ocular melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11038-46. [PMID: 25868390 PMCID: PMC4484437 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/1969] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is highly metastatic, prognosis is poor and there are no effective treatments to extend survival. Accumulating evidence suggests that thyroid hormones have a mitogenic effect via binding to αvβ3 integrin. We aimed to examine the impact of thyroid status on survival in a murine B16F10 model for ocular melanoma, highly expressing the integrin. In two independent experiments oral propylthiouracil (PTU) was used to induce hypothyroidism (n=9), thyroxine to induce hyperthyroidism (n=11) and mice given plain water served as control (n=8). At day 21, the subretinal space was inoculated with 10(2) B16F10 cells. In non-inoculated mice (n=6 of each group) serum free T4 (FT4) levels were measured and additional non-inoculated mice (3 given PTU and 4 given thyroxine or water) served as internal control to demonstrate the impact of the dissolved substance. The PTU-inoculated mice showed clinical evidence of intraocular tumor growth significantly later than the thyroxine mice (P=0.003) and survival time was significantly longer (P<0.001). FT4 levels differed significantly between groups (P<0.001) and with no signs of illness in the internal control group. Our findings suggest that hyperthyroidism shortens survival, whereas relative hypothyroidism may have a protective role in metastatic ocular melanoma.
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The interaction between artemether-lumefantrine and lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected patients. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:30. [PMID: 26818566 PMCID: PMC4728832 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Artemether-lumefantrine is currently the most widely recommended treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Lopinavir–based antiretroviral therapy is the commonly recommended second-line HIV treatment. Artemether and lumefantrine are metabolised by cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4, which lopinavir/ritonavir inhibits, potentially causing clinically important drug-drug interactions. Methods An adaptive, parallel-design safety and pharmacokinetic study was conducted in HIV-infected (malaria-negative) patients: antiretroviral-naïve and those stable on lopinavir/ritonavir-based antiretrovirals. Both groups received the recommended six-dose artemether-lumefantrine treatment. The primary outcome was day-7 lumefantrine concentrations, as these correlate with antimalarial efficacy. Adverse events were solicited throughout the study, recording the onset, duration, severity, and relationship to artemether-lumefantrine. Results We enrolled 34 patients. Median day-7 lumefantrine concentrations were almost 10-fold higher in the lopinavir than the antiretroviral-naïve group [3170 versus 336 ng/mL; p = 0.0001], with AUC(0-inf) and Cmax increased five-fold [2478 versus 445 μg.h/mL; p = 0.0001], and three-fold [28.2 versus 8.8 μg/mL; p < 0.0001], respectively. Lumefantrine Cmax, and AUC(0-inf) increased significantly with mg/kg dose in the lopinavir, but not the antiretroviral-naïve group. While artemether exposure was similar between groups, Cmax and AUC(0-8h) of its active metabolite dihydroartemisinin were initially two-fold higher in the lopinavir group [p = 0.004 and p = 0.0013, respectively]. However, this difference was no longer apparent after the last artemether-lumefantrine dose. Within 21 days of starting artemether-lumefantrine there were similar numbers of treatment emergent adverse events (42 vs. 35) and adverse reactions (12 vs. 15, p = 0.21) in the lopinavir and antiretroviral-naïve groups, respectively. There were no serious adverse events and no difference in electrocardiographic QTcF- and PR-intervals, at the predicted lumefantrine Tmax. Conclusion Despite substantially higher lumefantrine exposure, intensive monitoring in our relatively small study raised no safety concerns in HIV-infected patients stable on lopinavir-based antiretroviral therapy given the recommended artemether-lumefantrine dosage. Increased day-7 lumefantrine concentrations have been shown previously to reduce the risk of malaria treatment failure, but further evidence in adult patients co-infected with malaria and HIV is needed to assess the artemether-lumefantrine risk : benefit profile in this vulnerable population fully. Our antiretroviral-naïve patients confirmed previous findings that lumefantrine absorption is almost saturated at currently recommended doses, but this dose-limited absorption was overcome in the lopinavir group. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration number NCT00869700. Registered on clinicaltrials.gov 25 March 2009 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1345-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Thyroid hormone regulates adhesion, migration and matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity via αvβ3 integrin in myeloma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6312-22. [PMID: 25071016 PMCID: PMC4171632 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, T3; L-thyroxine, T4) enhances cancer cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis via a discrete receptor located near the RGD recognition site on αvβ3 integrin. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and its nanoparticulate formulation interfere with binding of T3/T4 to the integrin. This integrin is overexpressed in multiple myeloma (MM) and other cancers. MM cells interact with αvβ3 integrin to support growth and invasion. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes active in tissue remodeling and cancer. The association between integrins and MMPs secretion and action is well established. In the current study, we examined the effects of thyroid hormone on myeloma cell adhesion, migration and MMP activity. We show that T3 and T4 increased myeloma adhesion to fibronectin and induced αvβ3 clustering. In addition, the hormones induced MMP-9 expression and activation via αvβ3 and MAPK induction. Bortezomib, a standard myeloma treatment, caused a decrease in activity/quantity of MMPs and thyroid hormone opposed this effect. RGD peptide and tetrac impaired the production of MMP-9 in cell lines and in primary BM cells from myeloma patients. In conclusion, thyroid hormone-dependent regulation via αvβ3 of myeloma cell adhesion and MMP-9 production may play a role in myeloma migration and progression.
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Improvements in fundamental movement skill competency mediate the effect of the SCORES intervention on physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in children. J Sci Med Sport 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract A17: Non-RGD-based strategies to target the thyroid hormone receptor-integrin αvβ3: Lessons from myeloma cells. Clin Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.hemmal14-a17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction. Integrin αvβ3 is a plasma membrane structural protein expressed/activated in tumor cells and dividing blood vessel cells. The extracellular domain of αvβ3 has an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) recognition site that enables the integrin to bind specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that contain the RGD sequence and to transduce the binding into discrete intracellular signals. Such ECM proteins have pivotal roles in solid tumors and the RGD site has been tested as a chemotherapeutic target. Recently, a receptor for thyroid hormone (L-thyroxine, T4; 3, 5, 3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) has been described on αvβ3 that is distinct from the RGD recognition site and has been shown to mediate proliferative effects of T4 and T3 on solid tumor cells via the MAPK pathway. We have recently shown that similar T4- and T3-induced proliferation occurs in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Actions of T4 and T3 at the non-RGD site can be blocked by tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac), a naturally-occurring deaminated T4 analog. In addition, tetrac has anti-tumor effects that are independent of blockade of actions of T4 and T3. In this report, we define mechanisms of tetrac action in MM cells.
Methods. MM cell lines (CAG, RPMI 8226, ARK, ARP-1, U266) and primary cultures of marrow cells from MM patients were grown with T4/T3 and with/without tetrac (100 nM-50 μM). Harvested cells were subjected to the following analyses: cell counts (FACS, CyQuant), viability (WST-1), cell cycle (FACS, PI), cell death (Annexin-PI ± pan-caspase inhibitor, ZVAD, FACS; cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, western blots), DNA damage response (pATM and PARP, western blots) and transcription of apoptosis-relevant genes (RT-PCR).
Results. Early (4-8 h) and late (24 h) effects of tetrac were observed. In the early phase, tetrac reduced cell proliferation (p <<0.05) and induced a DNA damage response (ATM and PARP) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP). After 24 h, tetrac significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cell number and viability and induced apoptotic cell death, with a parallel increase in pro-apoptotic gene expression.
Conclusion. The thyroid hormone-binding (non-RGD) site on integrin αvβ3 in myeloma cells appears to be a novel target for chemotherapy with tetrac.
Citation Format: Keren Cohen, Martin Ellis, Paul J. Davis, Aleck Hercbergs, Osnat Ashur-Fabian. Non-RGD-based strategies to target the thyroid hormone receptor-integrin αvβ3: Lessons from myeloma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
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[THE INVOLVEMENT OF THYROID HORMONES IN CANCER]. HAREFUAH 2015; 154:512-540. [PMID: 26480617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The possible association between thyroid hormones and cancer has been reported over the years in pre-clinical and clinical studies. These studies suggest that high levels of hormones induce cancer cell proliferation while low levels slow disease progress. A context in which to interpret such findings is the recent description of a plasma membrane receptor for the thyroid hormone on cancer cells and dividing tumor-associated endothelial cells.
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Residential distance from major urban areas, diabetes and cardiovascular mortality in Australia. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:271-8. [PMID: 26055757 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living outside major urban centres is associated with increased mortality in the general population but whether having diabetes further impacts on the effects of living outside major urban centres is not known. This study explores the impact of residential location and diabetes on all-cause, ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke mortality in Australia. METHODS We included 1,101,053 individuals (all ages) with diabetes on the national diabetes register, between 2000 and 2010. Vital statistics were collected by linkage to the death registry. The Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA+) was used to categorize residences into major urban, inner regional, outer regional and remote areas, according to distance from major service centres. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) by ARIA+ are reported. RESULTS During follow-up (median 6.7 years), there were 187,761 deaths (46,244 and 12,786 IHD and stroke deaths, respectively). Age-standardized all-cause, stroke and IHD mortality rates increased across ARIA+ categories in diabetes and in the general population. For all outcomes, similar patterns were observed in both sexes and diabetes type, although the rates were higher in males. For all-cause (both sexes, type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM)), IHD mortality (T2DM only) and stroke mortality (T2DM only), SMRs varied across ARIA+ categories, showing a shallow U-shaped relationship, in which the lowest SMR was in the inner regional or outer regional areas, and the highest SMR in the major urban or remote areas. CONCLUSION The effect of diabetes on mortality varied only modestly by location, and the impact of diabetes was greatest in the major urban and remote areas, and least in the inner and outer regional areas.
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The thyroid hormone-αvβ3 integrin axis in ovarian cancer: regulation of gene transcription and MAPK-dependent proliferation. Oncogene 2015; 35:1977-87. [PMID: 26165836 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the fifth common cause of cancer death in women, despite advanced therapeutic approaches. αvβ3 integrin, a plasma membrane receptor, binds thyroid hormones (L-thyroxine, T4; 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3) and is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. We have demonstrated selective binding of fluorescently labeled hormones to αvβ3-positive ovarian cancer cells but not to integrin-negative cells. Physiologically relevant T3 (1 nM) and T4 (100 nM) concentrations in OVCAR-3 (high αvβ3) and A2780 (low αvβ3) cells promoted αv and β3 transcription in association with basal integrin levels. This transcription was effectively blocked by RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide and neutralizing αvβ3 antibodies, excluding T3-induced β3 messenger RNA, suggesting subspecialization of T3 and T4 binding to the integrin receptor pocket. We have provided support for extracellular regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated transcriptional regulation of the αv monomer by T3 and of β3 monomer by both hormones and documented a rapid (30-120 min) and dose-dependent (0.1-1000 nM) ERK activation. OVCAR-3 cells and αvβ3-deficient HEK293 cells treated with αvβ3 blockers confirmed the requirement for an intact thyroid hormone-integrin interaction in ERK activation. In addition, novel data indicated that T4, but not T3, controls integrin's outside-in signaling by phosphorylating tyrosine 759 in the β3 subunit. Both hormones induced cell proliferation (cell counts), survival (Annexin-PI), viability (WST-1) and significantly reduced the expression of genes that inhibit cell cycle (p21, p16), promote mitochondrial apoptosis (Nix, PUMA) and tumor suppression (GDF-15, IGFBP-6), particularly in cells with high integrin expression. At last, we have confirmed that hypothyroid environment attenuated ovarian cancer growth using a novel experimental platform that exploited paired euthyroid and severe hypothyroid serum samples from human subjects. To conclude, our data define a critical role for thyroid hormones as potent αvβ3-ligands, driving ovarian cancer cell proliferation and suggest that disruption of this axis may present a novel treatment strategy in this aggressive disease.
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Incidence and Expression of Circulating Cell Free p53-Related Genes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:981-98. [PMID: 25958931 DOI: 10.5551/jat.29223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The circulating RNA levels are predictive markers in several diseases. We determined the levels of circulating p53-related genes in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), indicating major heart muscle damage. METHODS Plasma RNA was extracted from the patients (n=45) upon their arrival to the hospital (STEMI 0h) and at four hours post-catheterization (STEMI 4h) as well as from controls (n=34). RESULTS Of 18 circulating p53-related genes, nine genes were detectable. A significantly lower incidence of circulating p21 (p < 0.0001), Notch1 (p=0.042) and BTG2 (p < 0.0001) was observed in the STEMI 0h samples in comparison to the STEMI 4h and control samples. Lower expression levels (2.1-fold) of circulating BNIP3L (p=0.011), p21 (3.4-fold, p=0.005) and BTG2 (6.3-fold, p=0.0001) were observed in the STEMI 0h samples in comparison to the STEMI 4h samples, with a 7.4-fold lower BTG2 expression (p < 0.001) and 2.6-fold lower p21 expression (p=0.034) compared to the control samples. Moreover, the BNIP3L expression (borderline significance, p=0.0655) predicted the level of peak troponin, a marker of myocardial infarction. In addition, the BNIP3L levels on admission (p=0.0025), at post-catheterization (p=0.020) and the change between the groups (p=0.0079) were inversely associated with troponin. The BNIP3L (p=0.0139) and p21 levels (p=0.0447) were also associated with a longer time to catheterization. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that circulating downstream targets of p53 are inhibited during severe AMI and subsequently re-expressed after catheterization, uncovering possible novel death-or-survival decisions regarding the fate of p53 in the heart and the potential use of its target genes as prognostic biomarkers for oxygenation normalization.
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TR-14 * A FEASIBILITY AND RANDOMIZED PHASE II STUDY OF VORINOSTAT, BEVACIZUMAB, OR TEMOZOLOMIDE DURING RADIATION FOLLOWED BY MAINTENANCE CHEMOTHERAPY IN NEWLY-DIAGNOSED PEDIATRIC HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA: CHILDREN'S ONCOLOGY GROUP STUDY ACNS0822. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov061.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Diagnosis of fetal submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities in failed array CGH samples: copy number by sequencing as an alternative to microarrays for invasive fetal testing. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2015; 45:394-401. [PMID: 25510919 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has become the technology of choice for high-resolution prenatal whole genome analysis. Limitations of microarrays are mainly related to the analog nature of the analysis, and poor-quality DNA can result in failed quality metrics with these platforms. We examined a cohort of abnormal fetuses with failed array CGH results using a next-generation sequencing algorithm, CNV-Seq. We assessed the ability of the platform to handle suboptimal prenatal samples and generate interpretable molecular karyotypes. METHODS Nine samples obtained from abnormal fetuses and one from a normal control fetus were sequenced using an Illumina GAIIx. A segmentation algorithm for sequencing data was used to determine regional copy number data on the sequencing datasets. RESULTS Phred quality scores were satisfactory for analysis of all samples. CNV-Seq identified both large- and small-scale abnormalities in the cohort, and normal results were obtained for fetuses for which microarray data were previously uninterpretable. No variants of uncertain significance were detected. Analysis of the digital sequencing datasets offered some advantages over array CGH output. CONCLUSIONS Using next-generation sequencing for the detection of genomic copy number variants may be advantageous for poor-quality, invasively-acquired prenatal samples. CNV-Seq could become a potential alternative to array CGH in this setting.
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Metastability in lipid based particles exhibits temporally deterministic and controllable behavior. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9481. [PMID: 25820650 PMCID: PMC4377625 DOI: 10.1038/srep09481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metastable-to-stable phase-transition is commonly observed in many fields of science, as an uncontrolled independent process, highly sensitive to microscopic fluctuations. In particular, self-assembled lipid suspensions exhibit phase-transitions, where the underlying driving mechanisms and dynamics are not well understood. Here we describe a study of the phase-transition dynamics of lipid-based particles, consisting of mixtures of dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE) and dilauroylphosphatidylglycerol (DLPG), exhibiting a metastable liquid crystalline-to-stable crystalline phase transition upon cooling from 60°C to 37°C. Surprisingly, unlike classically described metastable-to-stable phase transitions, the manner in which recrystallization is delayed by tens of hours is robust, predetermined and controllable. Our results show that the delay time can be manipulated by changing lipid stoichiometry, changing solvent salinity, adding an ionophore, or performing consecutive phase-transitions. Moreover, the delay time distribution indicates a deterministic nature. We suggest that the non-stochastic physical mechanism responsible for the delayed recrystallization involves several rate-affecting processes, resulting in a controllable, non-independent metastability. A qualitative model is proposed to describe the structural reorganization during the phase transition.
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Emerging pollutants in the Esmeraldas watershed in Ecuador: discharge and attenuation of emerging organic pollutants along the San Pedro-Guayllabamba-Esmeraldas rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:41-53. [PMID: 25373743 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00394b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water quality characteristics and emerging organic pollutants were sampled along the San Pedro-Guayllabamba-Esmeraldas River and its main water pollution streams in the summer of 2013. The annual flow rate of the stream is 22 000 Mm(3) y(-1) and it collects the wastewater of Quito-Ecuador in the Andes and supplies drinking water to the city of Esmeraldas near the Pacific Ocean. The most persistent emerging pollutants were carbamazepine and acesulfame, which were found to be stable along the San Pedro-Guayllabamba-Esmeraldas River, whereas the concentration of most other organic emerging pollutants, such as caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, and steroidal estrogens, was degraded to a large extent along the 300 km flow. The mass rate of the sum of cocaine and benzoylecgonine, its metabolite, was increased along the stream, which may be attributed to coca plantations and wild coca trees. This raises the possibility of using river monitoring as an indirect way to learn about changes in coca plantations in their watersheds. Several organic emerging pollutants, such as venlafaxine, carbamazepine, sulphamethoxazole, and benzoylecgonine, survived even the filtration treatment at the Esmeraldas drinking water system, though all except for benzoylecgonine are found below 20 ng L(-1), and are therefore not likely to cause adverse health effects. The research provides a way to compare drug consumption in a major Latin American city (Quito) and shows that the consumption of most sampled drugs (carbamazepine, venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, sulphamethoxazole, ethinylestradiol) was below their average consumption level in Europe, Israel, and North America.
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Improving fundamental movement skill competency among children attending schools in low-income communities: The SCORES cluster RCT. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The SCORES physical activity intervention for children attending schools in low-income communities: A cluster RCT. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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FINAL RESULTS OF A PROSPECTIVE MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL PHASE II STUDY OF EVEROLIMUS (RAD001), AN MTOR INHIBITOR, IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT OR PROGRESSIVE LOW-GRADE GLIOMA. A POETIC CONSORTIUM TRIAL. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou208.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Relevance of the thyroid hormones-αvβ3 pathway in primary myeloma bone marrow cells and to bortezomib action. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 56:1107-14. [PMID: 25058375 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.947612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) induce proliferation in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines via the αvβ3 integrin-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. We further show in primary MM bone marrow (BM) samples (n = 9) induction of cell viability by 1 nM T3 (13%, p < 0.002) and more potently by 100 nM T4 (21-45%, p < 0.0002) and a quick (1 h) and long-lasting (24 h) pERK activation, which was inhibited in the presence of β3 but not β1 blocking antibodies. Involvement of the integrin was further shown by two disintegrins, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and echistatin peptides, which occluded the effects of T3/T4 on viability, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) (proliferation marker) and apoptotic gene expression. Lastly, T3/T4 significantly opposed bortezomib (25 nM) cytotoxicy, as confirmed by several methods. In summary, our results imply that endogenous thyroid hormones in myeloma are factors that may support cell growth, with relevance to bortezomib action.
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RARE TUMOURS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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TUMOUR BIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:i137-i145. [PMCID: PMC4046298 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
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HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS AND DIPG. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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