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Park J, Hogrebe M, Grüneberg M, DuChesne I, von der Heiden A, Reunert J, Schlingmann K, Boycott K, Beaulieu C, Mhanni A, Innes A, Hörtnagel K, Biskup S, Gleixner E, Kurlemann G, Fiedler B, Omran H, Rutsch F, Wada Y, Tsiakas K, Santer R, Nebert D, Rust S, Marquardt T. SLC39A8 Deficiency: A Disorder of Manganese Transport and Glycosylation. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:894-903. [PMID: 26637979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC39A8 is a membrane transporter responsible for manganese uptake into the cell. Via whole-exome sequencing, we studied a child that presented with cranial asymmetry, severe infantile spasms with hypsarrhythmia, and dysproportionate dwarfism. Analysis of transferrin glycosylation revealed severe dysglycosylation corresponding to a type II congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) and the blood manganese levels were below the detection limit. The variants c.112G>C (p.Gly38Arg) and c.1019T>A (p.Ile340Asn) were identified in SLC39A8. A second individual with the variants c.97G>A (p.Val33Met) and c.1004G>C (p.Ser335Thr) on the paternal allele and c.610G>T (p.Gly204Cys) on the maternal allele was identified among a group of unresolved case subjects with CDG. These data demonstrate that variants in SLC39A8 impair the function of manganese-dependent enzymes, most notably β-1,4-galactosyltransferase, a Golgi enzyme essential for biosynthesis of the carbohydrate part of glycoproteins. Impaired galactosylation leads to a severe disorder with deformed skull, severe seizures, short limbs, profound psychomotor retardation, and hearing loss. Oral galactose supplementation is a treatment option and results in complete normalization of glycosylation. SLC39A8 deficiency links a trace element deficiency with inherited glycosylation disorders.
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Aldinger K, Mosca S, Tétreault M, Dempsey J, Ishak G, Hartley T, Phelps I, Lamont R, O’Day D, Basel D, Gripp K, Baker L, Stephan M, Bernier F, Boycott K, Majewski J, Parboosingh J, Innes A, Doherty D. Mutations in LAMA1 Cause Cerebellar Dysplasia and Cysts with and without Retinal Dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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3
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Acuna-Hidalgo R, Schanze D, Kariminejad A, Nordgren A, Kariminejad M, Conner P, Grigelioniene G, Nilsson D, Nordenskjöld M, Wedell A, Freyer C, Wredenberg A, Wieczorek D, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Kayserili H, Elcioglu N, Ghaderi-Sohi S, Goodarzi P, Setayesh H, van de Vorst M, Steehouwer M, Pfundt R, Krabichler B, Curry C, MacKenzie M, Boycott K, Gilissen C, Janecke A, Hoischen A, Zenker M. Neu-Laxova syndrome is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder caused by defects in enzymes of the L-serine biosynthesis pathway. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:285-93. [PMID: 25152457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neu-Laxova syndrome (NLS) is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by a recognizable pattern of severe malformations leading to prenatal or early postnatal lethality. Homozygous mutations in PHGDH, a gene involved in the first and limiting step in L-serine biosynthesis, were recently identified as the cause of the disease in three families. By studying a cohort of 12 unrelated families affected by NLS, we provide evidence that NLS is genetically heterogeneous and can be caused by mutations in all three genes encoding enzymes of the L-serine biosynthesis pathway. Consistent with recently reported findings, we could identify PHGDH missense mutations in three unrelated families of our cohort. Furthermore, we mapped an overlapping homozygous chromosome 9 region containing PSAT1 in four consanguineous families. This gene encodes phosphoserine aminotransferase, the enzyme for the second step in L-serine biosynthesis. We identified six families with three different missense and frameshift PSAT1 mutations fully segregating with the disease. In another family, we discovered a homozygous frameshift mutation in PSPH, the gene encoding phosphoserine phosphatase, which catalyzes the last step of L-serine biosynthesis. Interestingly, all three identified genes have been previously implicated in serine-deficiency disorders, characterized by variable neurological manifestations. Our findings expand our understanding of NLS as a disorder of the L-serine biosynthesis pathway and suggest that NLS represents the severe end of serine-deficiency disorders, demonstrating that certain complex syndromes characterized by early lethality could indeed be the extreme end of the phenotypic spectrum of already known disorders.
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Aldinger K, Mosca S, Tétreault M, Dempsey J, Ishak G, Hartley T, Phelps I, Lamont R, O’Day D, Basel D, Gripp K, Baker L, Stephan M, Bernier F, Boycott K, Majewski J, Parboosingh J, Innes A, Doherty D, Innes AM, Doherty D. Mutations in LAMA1 cause cerebellar dysplasia and cysts with and without retinal dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:227-34. [PMID: 25105227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar dysplasia with cysts (CDC) is an imaging finding typically seen in combination with cobblestone cortex and congenital muscular dystrophy in individuals with dystroglycanopathies. More recently, CDC was reported in seven children without neuromuscular involvement (Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome). Using a combination of homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we identified biallelic mutations in LAMA1 as the cause of CDC in seven affected individuals (from five families) independent from those included in the phenotypic description of Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. Most of these individuals also have high myopia, and some have retinal dystrophy and patchy increased T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2/FLAIR) signal in cortical white matter. In one additional family, we identified two siblings who have truncating LAMA1 mutations in combination with retinal dystrophy and mild cerebellar dysplasia without cysts, indicating that cysts are not an obligate feature associated with loss of LAMA1 function. This work expands the phenotypic spectrum associated with the lamininopathy disorders and highlights the tissue-specific roles played by different laminin-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada.
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
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Dyment D, Smith A, Alcantara D, Schwartzentruber J, Basel-Vanagaite L, Curry C, Temple I, Reardon W, Mansour S, Haq M, Gilbert R, Lehmann O, Vanstone M, Beaulieu C, Majewski J, Bulman D, O’Driscoll M, Boycott K, Innes A. Mutations in PIK3R1 cause SHORT syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:158-66. [PMID: 23810382 PMCID: PMC3710754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SHORT syndrome is a rare, multisystem disease characterized by short stature, anterior-chamber eye anomalies, characteristic facial features, lipodystrophy, hernias, hyperextensibility, and delayed dentition. As part of the FORGE (Finding of Rare Disease Genes) Canada Consortium, we studied individuals with clinical features of SHORT syndrome to identify the genetic etiology of this rare disease. Whole-exome sequencing in a family trio of an affected child and unaffected parents identified a de novo frameshift insertion, c.1906_1907insC (p.Asn636Thrfs*18), in exon 14 of PIK3R1. Heterozygous mutations in exon 14 of PIK3R1 were subsequently identified by Sanger sequencing in three additional affected individuals and two affected family members. One of these mutations, c.1945C>T (p.Arg649Trp), was confirmed to be a de novo mutation in one affected individual and was also identified and shown to segregate with the phenotype in an unrelated family. The other mutation, a de novo truncating mutation (c.1971T>G [p.Tyr657*]), was identified in another affected individual. PIK3R1 is involved in the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade and, as such, plays an important role in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Functional studies on lymphoblastoid cells with the PIK3R1 c.1906_1907insC mutation showed decreased phosphorylation of the downstream S6 target of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. Our findings show that PIK3R1 mutations are the major cause of SHORT syndrome and suggest that the molecular mechanism of disease might involve downregulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Dyment
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Amanda C. Smith
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Diana Alcantara
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | | | - Lina Basel-Vanagaite
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah-Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Cynthia J. Curry
- Genetic Medicine Central California, Fresno, CA 93701, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 93701, USA
| | - I. Karen Temple
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 5YA, UK
| | - William Reardon
- Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Sahar Mansour
- South West Thames Regional Genetics Service, St. George’s Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Mushfequr R. Haq
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Southampton Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rodney Gilbert
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Southampton Children’s Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ordan J. Lehmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Megan R. Vanstone
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Chandree L. Beaulieu
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Jacek Majewski
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC H3A 1A4, Canada
| | - Dennis E. Bulman
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Mark O’Driscoll
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RQ, UK
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - A. Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Bögershausen N, Shahrzad N, Chong J, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Stanga D, Li Y, Bernier F, Loucks C, Wirth R, Puffenberger E, Hegele R, Schreml J, Lapointe G, Keupp K, Brett C, Anderson R, Hahn A, Innes A, Suchowersky O, Mets M, Nürnberg G, McLeod D, Thiele H, Waggoner D, Altmüller J, Boycott K, Schoser B, Nürnberg P, Ober C, Heller R, Parboosingh J, Wollnik B, Sacher M, Lamont R. Recessive TRAPPC11 mutations cause a disease spectrum of limb girdle muscular dystrophy and myopathy with movement disorder and intellectual disability. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:181-90. [PMID: 23830518 PMCID: PMC3710757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopathies are a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous group of disorders that can range from limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) to syndromic forms with associated features including intellectual disability. Here, we report the identification of mutations in transport protein particle complex 11 (TRAPPC11) in three individuals of a consanguineous Syrian family presenting with LGMD and in five individuals of Hutterite descent presenting with myopathy, infantile hyperkinetic movements, ataxia, and intellectual disability. By using a combination of whole-exome or genome sequencing with homozygosity mapping, we identified the homozygous c.2938G>A (p.Gly980Arg) missense mutation within the gryzun domain of TRAPPC11 in the Syrian LGMD family and the homozygous c.1287+5G>A splice-site mutation resulting in a 58 amino acid in-frame deletion (p.Ala372_Ser429del) in the foie gras domain of TRAPPC11 in the Hutterite families. TRAPPC11 encodes a component of the multiprotein TRAPP complex involved in membrane trafficking. We demonstrate that both mutations impair the binding ability of TRAPPC11 to other TRAPP complex components and disrupt the Golgi apparatus architecture. Marker trafficking experiments for the p.Ala372_Ser429del deletion indicated normal ER-to-Golgi trafficking but dramatically delayed exit from the Golgi to the cell surface. Moreover, we observed alterations of the lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and LAMP2 as a consequence of TRAPPC11 dysfunction supporting a defect in the transport of secretory proteins as the underlying pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bögershausen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nassim Shahrzad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Daniela Stanga
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Francois P. Bernier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Catrina M. Loucks
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Radu Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Robert A. Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute and University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriel Lapointe
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Katharina Keupp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Anderson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A. Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Oksana Suchowersky
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Genetics, and Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Marilyn B. Mets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - D. Ross McLeod
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Darrel Waggoner
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Bauer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Raoul Heller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jillian S. Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Ryan E. Lamont
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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7
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Cheung Y, Gayden T, Campeau P, LeDuc C, Russo D, Nguyen VH, Guo J, Qi M, Guan Y, Albrecht S, Moroz B, Eldin K, Lu J, Schwartzentruber J, Malkin D, Berghuis A, Emil S, Gibbs R, Burk D, Vanstone M, Lee B, Orchard D, Boycott K, Chung W, Jabado N. A recurrent PDGFRB mutation causes familial infantile myofibromatosis. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:996-1000. [PMID: 23731537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile myofibromatosis (IM) is the most common benign fibrous tumor of soft tissues affecting young children. By using whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and targeted sequencing, we investigated germline and tumor DNA in individuals from four distinct families with the familial form of IM and in five simplex IM cases with no previous family history of this disease. We identified a germline mutation c.1681C>T (p.Arg561Cys) in platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRB) in all 11 affected individuals with familial IM, although none of the five individuals with nonfamilial IM had mutations in this gene. We further identified a second heterozygous mutation in PDGFRB in two myofibromas from one of the affected familial cases, indicative of a potential second hit in this gene in the tumor. PDGFR-β promotes growth of mesenchymal cells, including blood vessels and smooth muscles, which are affected in IM. Our findings indicate p.Arg561Cys substitution in PDGFR-β as a cause of the dominant form of this disease. They provide a rationale for further investigations of this specific mutation and gene to assess the benefits of targeted therapies against PDGFR-β in aggressive life-threatening familial forms of the disease.
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Fecto F, Deng HX, Chen W, Hong ST, Boycott K, Gorrie G, Siddique N, Yang Y, Shi Y, Zhai H, Jiang H, Hirano M, Rampersaud E, Jansen G, Donkervoort S, Bigio E, Brooks B, Ajroud K, Sufit R, Haines J, Mugnaini E, Pericak-Vance M, Siddique T. UBQLN2 Mutations in ALS and ALS/Dementia: A Genetic, Functional and Histopathological Analysis (S05.006). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Hood R, Lines M, Nikkel S, Schwartzentruber J, Beaulieu C, Nowaczyk M, Allanson J, Kim C, Wieczorek D, Moilanen J, Lacombe D, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Whiteford M, Quaio C, Gomy I, Bertola D, Albrecht B, Platzer K, McGillivray G, Zou R, McLeod D, Chudley A, Chodirker B, Marcadier J, Majewski J, Bulman D, White S, Boycott K, Boycott KM. Mutations in SRCAP, encoding SNF2-related CREBBP activator protein, cause Floating-Harbor syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:308-13. [PMID: 22265015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare condition characterized by short stature, delayed osseous maturation, expressive-language deficits, and a distinctive facial appearance. Occurrence is generally sporadic, although parent-to-child transmission has been reported on occasion. Employing whole-exome sequencing, we identified heterozygous truncating mutations in SRCAP in five unrelated individuals with sporadic FHS. Sanger sequencing identified mutations in SRCAP in eight more affected persons. Mutations were de novo in all six instances in which parental DNA was available. SRCAP is an SNF2-related chromatin-remodeling factor that serves as a coactivator for CREB-binding protein (CREBBP, better known as CBP, the major cause of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome [RTS]). Five SRCAP mutations, two of which are recurrent, were identified; all are tightly clustered within a small (111 codon) region of the final exon. These mutations are predicted to abolish three C-terminal AT-hook DNA-binding motifs while leaving the CBP-binding and ATPase domains intact. Our findings show that SRCAP mutations are the major cause of FHS and offer an explanation for the clinical overlap between FHS and RTS.
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Gibson W, Hood R, Zhan S, Bulman D, Fejes A, Moore R, Mungall A, Eydoux P, Babul-Hirji R, An J, Marra M, Chitayat D, Boycott K, Weaver D, Jones S, Jones SJM. Mutations in EZH2 cause Weaver syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:110-8. [PMID: 22177091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We used trio-based whole-exome sequencing to analyze two families affected by Weaver syndrome, including one of the original families reported in 1974. Filtering of rare variants in the affected probands against the parental variants identified two different de novo mutations in the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Sanger sequencing of EZH2 in a third classically-affected proband identified a third de novo mutation in this gene. These data show that mutations in EZH2 cause Weaver syndrome.
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