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Rauterberg J, Schreml J, Tantcheva-Poór I. Cutaneous Vascular Malformations in a 53-Year-Old Woman With Neurologic Symptoms. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:1133-1134. [PMID: 37703032 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.3216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
A woman in her 50s presented with bluish, keratotic papules and nodules on the lower legs and lipolymphedema of the lower legs. What is your diagnosis?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rauterberg
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Iliana Tantcheva-Poór
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Kurz B, Koschitzki KT, Hehr U, Germer U, Schreml J, Langhammer F, Schreml S. Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (CIE) with epidermolysis due to a novel frameshift mutation in KRT10. JAAD Case Rep 2023; 35:74-76. [PMID: 37101807 PMCID: PMC10123060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Kurz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ute Hehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ute Germer
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Caritas Hospital St. Josef, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Langhammer
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), Hospital St. Hedwig of the Order of St. John, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence to: Stephan Schreml, MD, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Abstract
Counseling recurrence risks for monogenic disorders is one of the mainstays of human genetics. However, in practice, consultations concerning autosomal recessive disorders exceed the simple conveyance of a 25 % recurrence risk for future offspring. Medical geneticists should be aware of the multifaceted way in which autosomal recessive disorders can pose a diagnostic and counseling challenge in their daily lives and of the pitfalls they might encounter. Although the intentional or incidental detection of carrier states for autosomal recessive diseases happens more and more frequently, our current practice when clarifying their associated reproductive risks remains unsystematic and often subjectively guided. We question whether the approach of focusing on small recurrence risks for a single familial disease with extensive single-gene tests in the partner of a known carrier truly addresses the counseling needs of a couple seeking preconceptional genetic advice. Different perspectives between patients and medical practitioners (or between different medical practitioners) on “acceptable risks” or the extent to which such risks must be minimized raise the question of whether existing professional guidelines need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Netzer
- Universität zu Köln , Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Institut für Humangenetik , Kerpener Straße 34 , Köln , Germany
| | - Clara Velmans
- Universität zu Köln , Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Institut für Humangenetik , Kerpener Straße 34 , Köln , Germany
| | - Florian Erger
- Universität zu Köln , Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Institut für Humangenetik , Kerpener Straße 34 , Köln , Germany
| | - Julia Schreml
- Universität zu Köln , Medizinische Fakultät und Uniklinik Köln, Institut für Humangenetik , Kerpener Straße 34 , Köln , Germany
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4
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Schiltz D, Tschernitz S, Ortner C, Anker A, Klein S, Felthaus O, Biermann N, Schreml J, Prantl L, Schreml S. Adipose Tissue in Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis Shows Features of Brown/Beige Fat. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:855-861. [PMID: 32157376 PMCID: PMC7280331 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Multiple symmetric lipomatosis (MSL) (syn.: Launois–Bensaude Syndrome, benign symmetric lipomatosis) is a rare disease of fatty tissue. The pathophysiology of MSL still remains unclear, although several approaches have been described in order to understand it. Beside morphological characteristics and some molecular cell biological approaches, little is known about the histological and immunohistochemical characterization of adipose tissue from patients with MSL. Methods From the 45 patients with MSL in our database, 10 were included in the study. Fat tissue samples were collected from affected and unaffected areas. The forearm served as a control area as this area is not affected in MSL. The specimens were analyzed after selected stainings were taken (hematoxylin–eosin = HE, Elastica van Gieson, Ladewig, CD200, CIDEA, myf5, p107, Prdm16, Sca-1, syndecan, UCP1, MAC387, Glut4).
Results In patients suffering from MSL, no macroscopic or microscopic morphological difference could be found between affected and unaffected adipose tissue in HE stainings. The majority of samples showed positivity for UCP1 (9/10 clinically affected tissues, 7/10 clinically unaffected tissues) and CD200. Conclusion Marker profiles support the hypothesis that affected adipose tissue derives from brown or beige adipose tissue rather than from white fat. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00266-020-01666-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lindner A, Marbach F, Tschernitz S, Ortner C, Berneburg M, Felthaus O, Prantl L, Kye MJ, Rappl G, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Schreml S, Schreml J. Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) is regulated in Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis and is involved in Adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8444. [PMID: 31186450 PMCID: PMC6559987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known on the causes and pathogenesis of the adipose tissue disorder (familial) Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL). In a four-generation MSL-family, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 3 affected individuals and 1 obligate carrier and identified Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) as the most promising candidate gene for this family. Screening of 21 independent patients excluded CAPSL coding sequence variants as a common monogenic cause, but using immunohistochemistry we found that CAPSL was down-regulated in adipose tissue not only from the index patient but also in 10 independent sporadic MSL-patients. This suggests that CAPSL is regulated in sporadic MSL irrespective of the underlying genetic/multifactorial cause. Furthermore, we cultivated pre-adipocytes from MSL-patients and generated 3T3-L1-based Capsl knockout and overexpressing cell models showing altered autophagy, adipogenesis, lipogenesis and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression. CAPSL seems to be involved in adipocyte biology and perturbation of autophagy is a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of MSL. Downregulation of CAPSL and upregulation of UCP1 were common features in MSL fat while the known MSL genes MFN2 and LIPE did not show consistent alterations. CAPSL immunostainings could serve as first diagnostic tools in MSL clinical care with a potential to improve time to diagnosis and healthcare options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Lindner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Marbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tschernitz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Ortner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Min Jeong Kye
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gunter Rappl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Schreml J, Gouni-Berthold I. Role of Anti-PCSK9 Antibodies in the Treatment of Patients with Statin Intolerance. Curr Med Chem 2018; 25:1538-1548. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170616111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Statin intolerance is usually defined as the inability of a patient to tolerate statintreatment
due to muscle-related complaints. While randomised trials show that these complaints
occure with similar frequency in patients receiving placebo, namely in up to ~5% of
the subjects, and data from registries as well as clinical experience indicate a much higher
frequency of up to ~30%. The lack of standard definition or of a diagnostic marker of statin
intolerance confounds the problem. The diagnosis remains subjective based on the symptoms
the patient reports. Therefore, a large number of patients who need a statin are not receiving
it, or receiving only very-low and/or intermittent doses unable to achieve a robust decrease in
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), leaving patients at high or very high risk for
cardiovascular events requiring an alternative form of lipid-lowering therapy. Until recently,
the only available alternatives were niacin, ezetimibe, bile-acid sequestrants and fibrates that
decrease LDL-C concentrations by up to 15-20%. Recently the fully human monoclonal antibodies
against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9), alirocumab (Praluent®) and
evolocumab (Repatha®), which have been shown to decrease LDL-C by up to 70% have been
approved in Europe for use in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia not at LDL-C target
while on maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy and specifically for patients with statin
intolerance and in the USA for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or familial
hypercholesterolemia requiring additional LDL-C lowering. Ongoing large clinical trials with
cardiovascular endpoints will provide a definitive answer for the role of anti-PCSK9 antibodies
in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schreml
- Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Weiß KT, Fante M, Köhl G, Schreml J, Haubner F, Kreutz M, Haverkampf S, Berneburg M, Schreml S. Proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors as regulators of cell proliferation and migration during tumor growth and wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:127-132. [PMID: 27623507 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of pH is a feature of both tumor growth and tissue repair. In tumors, microenvironmental changes, like in lactate metabolism, lead to altered intra- and extracellular pH (pHi , pHe ) and vice versa. In wounds, barrier disruption results in extensive variations in pHe on the wound surface. It is known that altered extracellular proton concentrations have a major impact on cell turnover and migration as well as on the metabolic activity of cells involved in tumor spread and wound closure. The proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) GPR4, GPR65 (TDAG8), GPR68 (OGR1) and GPR132 (G2A) are activated via a decrease in pHe and transduce this signal to molecular intracellular pathways. Based on the current knowledge, we speculate on the role of proton-sensing GPCRs in wound healing and on their potential as mechanistic linkers of tumor growth and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina T Weiß
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Fante
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Köhl
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Haverkampf
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Schreml J, Gouni-Berthold I. Apolipoprotein(a) Antisense Oligonucleotides: A New Treatment Option for Lowering Elevated Lipoprotein(a)? Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1562-1570. [PMID: 28128058 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170125160108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a particle similar to LDL that contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Recent epidemiologic and Mendelian randomization studies have provided evidence that Lp(a) may be causally related to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the risk association between Lp(a) concentrations and CVD is weak it seems to be continuous in shape and without an obvious threshold for Lp(a) levels. METHODS Circulating concentrations of Lp(a) are genetically determined and desirable levels are < 50 mg/dl. A plasma concentration of 60 mg/dl is associated with an odds ratio for coronary heart disease of about 1.5 after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Extended-release niacin is the pharmacologic means of choice for decreasing elevated Lp(a) levels by ~20-30% but it is often poorly tolerated due to adverse reactions. Diet, exercise and lipid-lowering drugs such as statins, fibrates and ezetimibe are without effect. In patients with severe progressive CVD and very high Lp(a) levels, lipoprotein apheresis may be used to decrease Lp(a) concentrations. However, it is an expensive and impractical treatment for most patients and its feasibility depends on the healthcare reimbursement system of the respective country. Since no established treatment reduces Lp(a) without influencing other lipoproteins, there has been no trial examining whether decreasing Lp(a) concentrations translates to clinical benefits. CONCLUSION Recently, an antisense oligonucleotide against apo(a), IONIS-APO(a)Rx, has been shown to selectively decrease Lp(a) by ~80%. A phase 2 study with this drug has been completed in late 2015 and results are expected to be published soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schreml
- Insitute for Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 34, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Ettinger M, Schreml J, Wirsching K, Berneburg M, Schreml S. 原发性免疫缺陷的皮肤症状--如何找到要检查的基因. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Ettinger M, Schreml J, Wirsching K, Berneburg M, Schreml S. Skin signs of primary immunodeficiencies: how to find the genes to check. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ettinger M, Schreml J, Wirsching K, Berneburg M, Schreml S. Skin signs of primary immunodeficiencies: how to find the genes to check. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:335-349. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ettinger
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center Regensburg; Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - J. Schreml
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University Medical Center Regensburg; Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - K. Wirsching
- Institute of Human Genetics; University Hospital of Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - M. Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center Regensburg; Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - S. Schreml
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center Regensburg; Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11 93053 Regensburg Germany
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Haverkampf S, Heider J, Weiß KT, Haubner F, Ettl T, Schreml J, Hedtrich S, von Süßkind-Schwendi M, Berneburg M, Karrer S, Dissemond J, Schreml S. NHE1 expression at wound margins increases time-dependently during physiological healing. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:124-126. [PMID: 27249231 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wound repair is an orchestrated process, encompassing the phases of inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. In this context, sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) is crucial to epidermal barrier integrity and acidification. Recently, we found that extracellular pH (pHe) on wound surfaces is dramatically increased initially after barrier disruption, and that pHe decreases gradually during physiological healing. Additionally, we have shown that spatial NHE1-patterns account for pHe-gradients on surfaces of chronic wounds. Here, we show that NHE1-expression is very low at margins initially after wounding and that it increases massively during the time-course of physiolgical healing. This finding is in accordance with the decrease of pHe on wound surfaces, which we reported on in previous works. Thus, we show that NHE1 is an interesting target when it comes to modification of surface pHe on wounds, both acute and chronic, and that NHE1 is time-dependently regulated in physiological healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Haverkampf
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Judith Heider
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina T Weiß
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Department of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Karrer
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dissemond
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Medical Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Sander D, Schröder J, Schönbuchner I, Schreml J, Karrer S, Berneburg M, Schreml S. Erythrodermia Congenitalis Ichthyosiformis Bullosa of Brocq. Case Rep Dermatol 2016; 8:19-21. [PMID: 26933410 PMCID: PMC4772537 DOI: 10.1159/000443695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 50-year-old man presented with congenital scaling and hyperkeratosis on his palms, the soles of his feet and the extensor areas of his joints. The flexural areas were unaffected. His maternal grandmother, questionably his maternal uncle, his mother, all three brothers, one of his two sisters as well as two nephews and three nieces have or had similar skin changes. A punch biopsy was taken from the left palm. Clinical and histological signs led to the diagnosis of erythrodermia congenitalis ichthyosiformis bullosa of Brocq. We confirmed this genetically and found a heterozygous duplication (c.1752dupT) in the keratin 1 gene (KRT-1). To our knowledge, this is the first case of this skin condition reported in the literature with a heterozygous duplication (c.1752dupT) in KRT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Sander
- Department of DermatologyCentral Electron Microscopy Lab at the Institute of Pathology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Josef Schröder
- Central Electron Microscopy Lab at the Institute of Pathology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ines Schönbuchner
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sigrid Karrer
- Department of DermatologyCentral Electron Microscopy Lab at the Institute of Pathology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of DermatologyCentral Electron Microscopy Lab at the Institute of Pathology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of DermatologyCentral Electron Microscopy Lab at the Institute of Pathology, Regensburg, Germany
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Schreml J, Durmaz B, Cogulu O, Keupp K, Beleggia F, Pohl E, Milz E, Coker M, Ucar SK, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Kuhn J, Ozkinay F. The missing "link": an autosomal recessive short stature syndrome caused by a hypofunctional XYLT1 mutation. Hum Genet 2014; 133:29-39. [PMID: 23982343 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycan (PG) synthesis begins with the sequential addition of a "linker chain", made up of four sugar residues, to a specific region of a core protein. Defects in the enzymes catalyzing steps two to four of the linker chain synthesis have been shown to cause autosomal recessive human phenotypes while no mutation has yet been reported in humans for the xylosyltransferases 1 and 2 (XT1 and XT2), the initiating enzymes in the linker chain formation. Here, we present a consanguineous Turkish family with two affected individuals presenting with short stature, distinct facial features, alterations of fat distribution, and moderate intellectual disability. X-rays showed only mild skeletal changes in the form of a short femoral neck, stocky and plump long bones and thickened ribs. Using a combination of whole-exome sequencing (WES), determination of homozygous stretches by WES variants, and classical linkage analysis, we identified the homozygous missense mutation c.C1441T in XYLT1, encoding XT1, within a large homozygous stretch on chromosome 16p13.12-p12.1. The mutation co-segregated with the phenotype in the family, is not found in over 13,000 alleles in the exome variant server and is predicted to change a highly conserved arginine at position 481 (p.R481W) located in the putative catalytical domain. Immunostaining of primary patient fibroblasts showed a loss of predominance of Golgi localization in mutant cells. Moreover, western blot analysis of decorin in cell culture supernatant demonstrated glycosylation differences between patient and control cells. Our data provide evidence that functional alterations of XT1 cause an autosomal recessive short stature syndrome associated with intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
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15
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Eisenberger T, Neuhaus C, Khan AO, Decker C, Preising MN, Friedburg C, Bieg A, Gliem M, Issa PC, Holz FG, Baig SM, Hellenbroich Y, Galvez A, Platzer K, Wollnik B, Laddach N, Ghaffari SR, Rafati M, Botzenhart E, Tinschert S, Börger D, Bohring A, Schreml J, Körtge-Jung S, Schell-Apacik C, Bakur K, Al-Aama JY, Neuhann T, Herkenrath P, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Davis JS, Gal A, Bergmann C, Lorenz B, Bolz HJ. Increasing the yield in targeted next-generation sequencing by implicating CNV analysis, non-coding exons and the overall variant load: the example of retinal dystrophies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78496. [PMID: 24265693 PMCID: PMC3827063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) are major causes of blindness. They result from mutations in many genes which has long hampered comprehensive genetic analysis. Recently, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) has proven useful to overcome this limitation. To uncover “hidden mutations” such as copy number variations (CNVs) and mutations in non-coding regions, we extended the use of NGS data by quantitative readout for the exons of 55 RP and LCA genes in 126 patients, and by including non-coding 5′ exons. We detected several causative CNVs which were key to the diagnosis in hitherto unsolved constellations, e.g. hemizygous point mutations in consanguineous families, and CNVs complemented apparently monoallelic recessive alleles. Mutations of non-coding exon 1 of EYS revealed its contribution to disease. In view of the high carrier frequency for retinal disease gene mutations in the general population, we considered the overall variant load in each patient to assess if a mutation was causative or reflected accidental carriership in patients with mutations in several genes or with single recessive alleles. For example, truncating mutations in RP1, a gene implicated in both recessive and dominant RP, were causative in biallelic constellations, unrelated to disease when heterozygous on a biallelic mutation background of another gene, or even non-pathogenic if close to the C-terminus. Patients with mutations in several loci were common, but without evidence for di- or oligogenic inheritance. Although the number of targeted genes was low compared to previous studies, the mutation detection rate was highest (70%) which likely results from completeness and depth of coverage, and quantitative data analysis. CNV analysis should routinely be applied in targeted NGS, and mutations in non-coding exons give reason to systematically include 5′-UTRs in disease gene or exome panels. Consideration of all variants is indispensable because even truncating mutations may be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arif O. Khan
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Markus N. Preising
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen Campus, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Friedburg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen Campus, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anika Bieg
- Bioscientia Center for Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Martin Gliem
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Frank G. Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid M. Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alberto Galvez
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Saeed Reza Ghaffari
- Comprehensive Genetic Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rafati
- Avicenna Biotechnology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sigrid Tinschert
- Institute of Clinical Genetics, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Axel Bohring
- Institute of Human Genetics, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Khadijah Bakur
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Y. Al-Aama
- Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Peter Herkenrath
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - John S. Davis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andreas Gal
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Bioscientia Center for Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
- Center for Clinical Research, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Lorenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Giessen Campus, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hanno J. Bolz
- Bioscientia Center for Human Genetics, Ingelheim, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bögershausen N, Shahrzad N, Chong J, von Kleist-Retzow JC, Stanga D, Li Y, Bernier F, Loucks C, Wirth R, Puffenberger E, Hegele R, Schreml J, Lapointe G, Keupp K, Brett C, Anderson R, Hahn A, Innes A, Suchowersky O, Mets M, Nürnberg G, McLeod D, Thiele H, Waggoner D, Altmüller J, Boycott K, Schoser B, Nürnberg P, Ober C, Heller R, Parboosingh J, Wollnik B, Sacher M, Lamont R. Recessive TRAPPC11 mutations cause a disease spectrum of limb girdle muscular dystrophy and myopathy with movement disorder and intellectual disability. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 93:181-90. [PMID: 23830518 PMCID: PMC3710757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopathies are a clinically and etiologically heterogeneous group of disorders that can range from limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) to syndromic forms with associated features including intellectual disability. Here, we report the identification of mutations in transport protein particle complex 11 (TRAPPC11) in three individuals of a consanguineous Syrian family presenting with LGMD and in five individuals of Hutterite descent presenting with myopathy, infantile hyperkinetic movements, ataxia, and intellectual disability. By using a combination of whole-exome or genome sequencing with homozygosity mapping, we identified the homozygous c.2938G>A (p.Gly980Arg) missense mutation within the gryzun domain of TRAPPC11 in the Syrian LGMD family and the homozygous c.1287+5G>A splice-site mutation resulting in a 58 amino acid in-frame deletion (p.Ala372_Ser429del) in the foie gras domain of TRAPPC11 in the Hutterite families. TRAPPC11 encodes a component of the multiprotein TRAPP complex involved in membrane trafficking. We demonstrate that both mutations impair the binding ability of TRAPPC11 to other TRAPP complex components and disrupt the Golgi apparatus architecture. Marker trafficking experiments for the p.Ala372_Ser429del deletion indicated normal ER-to-Golgi trafficking but dramatically delayed exit from the Golgi to the cell surface. Moreover, we observed alterations of the lysosomal membrane glycoproteins lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and LAMP2 as a consequence of TRAPPC11 dysfunction supporting a defect in the transport of secretory proteins as the underlying pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bögershausen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nassim Shahrzad
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jessica X. Chong
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Daniela Stanga
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Yun Li
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Francois P. Bernier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Catrina M. Loucks
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Radu Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Robert A. Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute and University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriel Lapointe
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Katharina Keupp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Anderson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A. Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Oksana Suchowersky
- Departments of Medicine, Medical Genetics, and Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Marilyn B. Mets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - D. Ross McLeod
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Darrel Waggoner
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kym M. Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Bauer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Raoul Heller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jillian S. Parboosingh
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Ryan E. Lamont
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Ackermann B, Kröber S, Torres-Benito L, Borgmann A, Peters M, Hosseini Barkooie SM, Tejero R, Jakubik M, Schreml J, Milbradt J, Wunderlich TF, Riessland M, Tabares L, Wirth B. Plastin 3 ameliorates spinal muscular atrophy via delayed axon pruning and improves neuromuscular junction functionality. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:1328-47. [PMID: 23263861 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
F-actin bundling plastin 3 (PLS3) is a fully protective modifier of the neuromuscular disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most common genetic cause of infant death. The generation of a conditional PLS3-over-expressing mouse and its breeding into an SMA background allowed us to decipher the exact biological mechanism underlying PLS3-mediated SMA protection. We show that PLS3 is a key regulator that restores main processes depending on actin dynamics in SMA motor neurons (MNs). MN soma size significantly increased and a higher number of afferent proprioceptive inputs were counted in SMAPLS3 compared with SMA mice. PLS3 increased presynaptic F-actin amount, rescued synaptic vesicle and active zones content, restored the organization of readily releasable pool of vesicles and increased the quantal content of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Most remarkably, PLS3 over-expression led to a stabilization of axons which, in turn, resulted in a significant delay of axon pruning, counteracting poor axonal connectivity at SMA NMJs. These findings together with the observation of increased endplate and muscle fiber size upon MN-specific PLS3 over-expression suggest that PLS3 significantly improves neuromuscular transmission. Indeed, ubiquitous over-expression moderately improved survival and motor function in SMA mice. As PLS3 seems to act independently of Smn, PLS3 might be a potential therapeutic target not only in SMA but also in other MN diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Ackermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 34, Cologne, Germany
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18
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Schreml J, Riessland M, Paterno M, Garbes L, Roßbach K, Ackermann B, Krämer J, Somers E, Parson SH, Heller R, Berkessel A, Sterner-Kock A, Wirth B. Severe SMA mice show organ impairment that cannot be rescued by therapy with the HDACi JNJ-26481585. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 21:643-52. [PMID: 23073311 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of early childhood death worldwide and no therapy is available today. Many drugs, especially histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), increase SMN levels. As all HDACi tested so far only mildly ameliorate the SMA phenotype or are unsuitable for use in humans, there is still need to identify more potent drugs. Here, we assessed the therapeutic power of the pan-HDACi JNJ-26481585 for SMA, which is currently used in various clinical cancer trials. When administered for 64 h at 100 nM, JNJ-26481585 upregulated SMN levels in SMA fibroblast cell lines, including those from non-responders to valproic acid. Oral treatment of Taiwanese SMA mice and control littermates starting at P0 showed no overt extension of lifespan, despite mild improvements in motor abilities and weight progression. Many treated and untreated animals showed a very rapid decline or unexpected sudden death. We performed exploratory autopsy and histological assessment at different disease stages and found consistent abnormalities in the intestine, heart and lung and skeletal muscle vasculature of SMA animals, which were not prevented by JNJ-26481585 treatment. Interestingly, some of these features may be only indirectly caused by α-motoneuron function loss but may be major life-limiting factors in the course of disease. A better understanding of - primary or secondary - non-neuromuscular organ involvement in SMA patients may improve standard of care and may lead to reassessment of how to investigate SMA patients clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Garbes L, Heesen L, Hölker I, Bauer T, Schreml J, Zimmermann K, Thoenes M, Walter M, Dimos J, Peitz M, Brüstle O, Heller R, Wirth B. VPA response in SMA is suppressed by the fatty acid translocase CD36. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 22:398-407. [PMID: 23077215 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional loss of SMN1 causes proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), the most common genetic condition accounting for infant lethality. Hence, the hypomorphic copy gene SMN2 is the only resource of functional SMN protein in SMA patients and influences SMA severity in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, current therapeutic approaches focus on SMN2. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), such as the short chain fatty acid VPA (valproic acid), ameliorate the SMA phenotype by activating the SMN2 expression. By analyzing blood SMN2 expression in 16 VPA-treated SMA patients, about one-third of individuals were identified as positive responders presenting increased SMN2 transcript levels. In 66% of enrolled patients, a concordant response was detected in the respective fibroblasts. Most importantly, by taking the detour of reprograming SMA patients' fibroblasts, we showed that the VPA response was maintained even in GABAergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) cells. Differential expression microarray analysis revealed a complete lack of response to VPA in non-responders, which was associated with an increased expression of the fatty acid translocase CD36. The pivotal role of CD36 as the cause of non-responsiveness was proven in various in vitro approaches. Most importantly, knockdown of CD36 in SMA fibroblasts converted non- into pos-responders. In summary, the concordant response from blood to the central nervous system (CNS) to VPA may allow selection of pos-responders prior to therapy. Increased CD36 expression accounts for VPA non-responsiveness. These findings may be essential not only for SMA but also for other diseases such as epilepsy or migraine frequently treated with VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Garbes
- Institute of Human Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Germany
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Mutsaers CA, Wishart TM, Lamont DJ, Riessland M, Schreml J, Comley LH, Murray LM, Parson SH, Lochmüller H, Wirth B, Talbot K, Gillingwater TH. Reversible molecular pathology of skeletal muscle in spinal muscular atrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:4334-44. [PMID: 21840928 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of full-length survival motor neuron (SMN) protein cause the motor neuron disease, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although motor neurons undoubtedly contribute directly to SMA pathogenesis, the role of muscle is less clear. We demonstrate significant disruption to the molecular composition of skeletal muscle in pre-symptomatic severe SMA mice, in the absence of any detectable degenerative changes in lower motor neurons and with a molecular profile distinct from that of denervated muscle. Functional cluster analysis of proteomic data and phospho-histone H2AX labelling of DNA damage revealed increased activity of cell death pathways in SMA muscle. Robust upregulation of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (Vdac2) and downregulation of parvalbumin in severe SMA mice was confirmed in a milder SMA mouse model and in human patient muscle biopsies. Molecular pathology of skeletal muscle was ameliorated in mice treated with the FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. We conclude that intrinsic pathology of skeletal muscle is an important and reversible event in SMA and also suggest that muscle proteins have the potential to act as novel biomarkers in SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Mutsaers
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Schreml S, Gruendobler B, Schreml J, Bayer M, Ladoyanni E, Prantl L, Eichelberg G. Neurocutaneous melanosis in association with Dandy-Walker malformation: case report and literature review. Clin Exp Dermatol 2008; 33:611-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2008.02745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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