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Kock A, Glanville HC, Law AC, Stanton T, Carter LJ, Taylor JC. Emerging challenges of the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic ecosystems: A diatom perspective. Sci Total Environ 2023; 878:162939. [PMID: 36934940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are a ubiquitous group of emerging pollutants of considerable importance due to their biological potency and potential to elicit effects in wildlife and humans. Pharmaceuticals have been quantified in terrestrial, marine, fresh, and transitional waters, as well as the fauna and macro-flora that inhabit them. Pharmaceuticals can enter water ways through different human and veterinary pathways with traditional wastewater treatment, unable to completely remove pharmaceuticals, discharging often unknown quantities to aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a paucity of available information regarding the effects of pharmaceuticals on species at the base of aquatic food webs, especially on phytoplankton, with research typically focussing on fish and aquatic invertebrates. Diatoms are one of the main classes of phytoplankton and are some of the most abundant and important organisms in aquatic systems. As primary producers, diatoms generate ∼40 % of the world's oxygen and are a vital food source for primary consumers. Diatoms can also be used for bioremediation of polluted water bodies but perhaps are best known as bio-indicators for water quality studies. However, this keystone, non-target group is often ignored during ecotoxicological studies to assess the effects of pollutants of concern. Observed effects of pharmaceuticals on diatoms have the potential to be used as an indicator of pharmaceutical-induced impacts on higher trophic level organisms and wider ecosystem effects. The aim of this review is to present a synthesis of research on pharmaceutical exposure to diatoms, considering ecotoxicity, bioremediation and the role of diatoms as bio-indicators. We highlight significant omissions and knowledge gaps which need addressing to realise the potential role of diatoms in future risk assessment approaches and help evaluate the impacts of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment at local and global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kock
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - H C Glanville
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - A C Law
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - T Stanton
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - L J Carter
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J C Taylor
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Abstract
This is one of several articles specially prepared for this issue of Science in recognition of Habitat: The United Nations Conference on Human Settlements now taking place in Vancouver.
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Carter LJ. Congress confronts wetlands issue. Science 2010; 192:643. [PMID: 17819991 DOI: 10.1126/science.192.4240.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Alaskan oil: court ruling revives Canada pipeline issue. Science 2010; 179:977-81. [PMID: 17842157 DOI: 10.1126/science.179.4077.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hansen WB, Paskett ED, Carter LJ. The Adolescent Sexual Activity Index (ASAI): a standardized strategy for measuring interpersonal heterosexual behaviors among youth. Health Educ Res 1999; 14:485-490. [PMID: 10557519 DOI: 10.1093/her/14.4.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study reports on the properties of a standardized measure that is used to index the spectrum of sexual behaviors typical of adolescents. Prior work has shown sexual behaviors to be ordered and progressive. Using pre-coitus sexual behaviors that did not refer to sex organs and self-reports of sexual intercourse, a 13-item index was developed. The index was standardized with values ranging from 0.0 to 10.0. Measures were administered to 1493 female and 1073 male black and white adolescents aged 12-19 years in community settings. Analyses reveal the index to have high internal consistency and to perform as a psychometrically sound dependent variable. Because the index uses conservative language, its use may avoid the controversy common to much of the research on adolescent sexuality. The Adolescent Sexual Activity Index will provide researchers and practitioners with an interpretable tool for examining developmental patterns that precede sexual intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Hansen
- Tanglewood Research, Inc., Clemmons, NC 27012, USA
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Carter LJ. Soviet Nuclear Testing: The Republics Say No. Science 1990; 250:903-5. [PMID: 17746903 DOI: 10.1126/science.250.4983.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
Chemical agents including 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR), 4-O-methyl 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), phorbol, and the tumor promoters teleocidin and TPA were tested for their ability to induce Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus Type I (HTLV-I) expression in the low-virus producer MT-1 cell line and in the non-virus producer C63/CRII-2 cell line, which contains at least one integrated HTLV-I genome equivalent per cell [26]. Viral antigen expression increased from 0.3% to 8.7% in the MT-1 cell line after treatment with IUdR, while TPA and teleocidin were marginally or non-effective as inducers. Chemicals did not induce HTLV-I antigen expression in the C63/CI(II-2) cell line. No enhancement of reverse transcriptase activity or alteration of proviral organization was observed after chemical treatment of MT-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Carter
- Biotechnology Center, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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Carter LJ. WIPP Goes Ahead, Amid Controversy: New Mexico's governor worries less about the nuclear waste project now planned than about the one he suspects DOE may have up its sleeve. Science 1983; 222:1104-6. [PMID: 17747375 DOI: 10.1126/science.222.4628.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Blakeslee JR, Elliot AM, Carter LJ. ANTIONCOGENIC ACTIVITY OF DIVERSE CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS ON RETROVIRUS-INDUCED TRANSFORMATION OF HUMAN SKIN FIBROBLASTS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb47848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Manning FA, Heaman M, Boyce D, Carter LJ. Intrauterine fetal tachypnea. Obstet Gynecol 1981; 58:398-400. [PMID: 7266961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In a previous case report, intrauterine fetal tachypnea was associated with sudden fetal death. The authors have observed a similar case of fetal tachypnea. Early intervention occurred and a normal fetus was delivered. Pathophysiologic mechanisms for the phenomenon are discussed.
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Carter LJ. Hayes Makes Sunshine at SERI. Science 1980; 210:408-9. [PMID: 17837410 DOI: 10.1126/science.210.4468.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Debate over waste imperils 3-mile cleanup. Science 1980; 210:166-8, 170. [PMID: 7414328 DOI: 10.1126/science.7414328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Carter LJ. Energy Standards for Buildings Face Delay. Science 1980; 209:784-7. [PMID: 17753294 DOI: 10.1126/science.209.4458.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Reversals for Carter Energy Legislation. Science 1980; 209:477. [PMID: 17831361 DOI: 10.1126/science.209.4455.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Reversals for Carter Energy Legislation. Science 1980; 209:477. [PMID: 17831360 DOI: 10.1126/science.209.4455.477-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Big Boost for Solar Energy, Conservation. Science 1980; 208:1244. [PMID: 17830796 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4449.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Hostages in the Arctic: The Porcupine Caribou. Science 1980; 208:1245. [PMID: 17830797 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4449.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Big Boost for Solar Energy, Conservation. Science 1980; 208:1244-5. [PMID: 17830795 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4449.1244-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Environmentalists Seek New Strategies. Science 1980; 208:477-8. [PMID: 17744540 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4443.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Another Major Delay for Strategic Oil Reserve. Science 1980; 208:268-9. [PMID: 17820035 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4441.268-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Another Major Delay for Strategic Oil Reserve. Science 1980; 208:268. [PMID: 17820036 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4441.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Carter LJ. Big Cuts for Land Fund, Pork Barrel Spared. Science 1980; 208:269. [PMID: 17820038 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4441.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Big Cuts for Land Fund, Pork Barrel Spared. Science 1980; 208:269. [PMID: 17820037 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4441.269-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. East Coast Maps to Alert Industry to Ecology Conflict. Science 1980; 208:159. [PMID: 17745523 DOI: 10.1126/science.208.4440.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Erratum: The Leopolds: A Family of Naturalists. Science 1980. [DOI: 10.1126/science.207.4437.1297-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Carter LJ. Conservation League Gives Brown Top Rating. Science 1980; 207:1057. [PMID: 17759817 DOI: 10.1126/science.207.4435.1057-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. Odd Couple Hit Energy Budget. Science 1980; 207:1058. [PMID: 17759819 DOI: 10.1126/science.207.4435.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Carter LJ. A New Call for Abolishing the NRC. Science 1980; 207:624-6. [PMID: 17749317 DOI: 10.1126/science.207.4431.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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