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Gärde M, Matheson GJ, Varnäs K, Svenningsson P, Hedman-Lagerlöf E, Lundberg J, Farde L, Tiger M. Altered Serotonin 1B Receptor Binding After Escitalopram for Depression Is Correlated With Treatment Effect. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae021. [PMID: 38695786 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is commonly treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs inhibit the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), but the downstream antidepressant mechanism of action of these drugs is poorly understood. The serotonin 1B (5-HT1B) receptor is functionally linked to 5-HTT and 5-HT1B receptor binding and 5-HT1B receptor mRNA is reduced in the raphe nuclei after SSRI administration in primates and rodents, respectively. The effect of SSRI treatment on 5-HT1B receptor binding in patients with MDD has not been examined previously. This positron emission tomography (PET) study aimed to quantify brain 5-HT1B receptor binding changes in vivo after SSRI treatment for MDD in relation to treatment effect. METHODS Eight unmedicated patients with moderate to severe MDD underwent PET with the 5-HT1B receptor radioligand [11C]AZ10419369 before and after 3 to 4 weeks of treatment with the SSRI escitalopram 10 mg daily. Depression severity was assessed at time of PET and after 6 to 7 weeks of treatment with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS We observed a significant reduction in [11C]AZ10419369 binding in a dorsal brainstem (DBS) region containing the median and dorsal raphe nuclei after escitalopram treatment (P = .036). Change in DBS [11C]AZ10419369 binding correlated with Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale reduction after 3-4 (r = 0.78, P = .021) and 6-7 (r = 0.94, P < .001) weeks' treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings align with the previously reported reduction of 5-HT1B receptor binding in the raphe nuclei after SSRI administration and support future studies testing change in DBS 5-HT1B receptor binding as an SSRI treatment response marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gärde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G J Matheson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Varnäs
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Svenningsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Hedman-Lagerlöf
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Tiger
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Mattsson P, Cselényi Z, Forsberg Morén A, Freund-Levi Y, Wahlund LO, Halldin C, Farde L. High Contrast PET Imaging of Subcortical and Allocortical Amyloid-β in Early Alzheimer's Disease Using [11C]AZD2184. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1391-1401. [PMID: 38552111 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) appear early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective The aim of the present study was to compare the presence of cortical and subcortical Aβ in early AD using positron emission tomography (PET). Methods Eight cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects, 8 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 8 with mild AD were examined with PET and [11C]AZD2184. A data driven cut-point for Aβ positivity was defined by Gaussian mixture model of isocortex binding potential (BPND) values. Results Sixteen subjects (3 CU, 5 MCI and 8 AD) were Aβ-positive. BPND was lower in subcortical and allocortical regions compared to isocortex. Fifteen of the 16 Aβ-positive subjects displayed Aβ binding in striatum, 14 in thalamus and 10 in allocortical regions. Conclusions Aβ deposits appear to be widespread in early AD. It cannot be excluded that deposits appear simultaneously throughout the whole brain which has implications for improved diagnostics and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Forsberg Morén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Geriatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro and Södertälje Hospital, Södertälje, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Varnäs K, Nag S, Halldin C, Farde L. PET Evaluation of the Novel F-18 Labeled Reversible Radioligand [ 18F]GEH200449 for Detection of Monoamine Oxidase-B in the Non-Human Primate Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3206-3211. [PMID: 37587571 PMCID: PMC10485887 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using radioligands for the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is increasingly applied as a marker for astrogliosis in neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, a novel reversible fluorine-18 labeled MAO-B compound, [18F]GEH200449, was evaluated as a PET radioligand in non-human primates. PET studies of [18F]GEH200449 at baseline showed brain exposure (maximum concentration: 3.4-5.2 SUV; n = 5) within the range of that for suitable central nervous system radioligands and a regional distribution consistent with the known localization of MAO-B. Based on the quantitative assessment of [18F]GEH200449 data using the metabolite-corrected arterial plasma concentration as input function, the Logan graphical analysis was selected as the preferred method of quantification. The binding of [18F]GEH200449, as calculated based on regional estimates of the total distribution volume, was markedly inhibited (occupancy >80%) by the administration of the selective MAO-B ligands L-deprenyl (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) or rasagiline (0.75 mg/kg) prior to radioligand injection. Radioligand binding was displaceable by the administration of L-deprenyl (0.5 mg/kg) at 25 min after radioligand injection, thus supporting reversible binding to MAO-B. These observations support that [18F]GEH200449 is a reversible MAO-B radioligand suitable for applied studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Varnäs
- Karolinska Institutet,
Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research and Stockholm
County Council, BioClinicum J:15, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171
64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Karolinska Institutet,
Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research and Stockholm
County Council, BioClinicum J:15, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171
64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet,
Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research and Stockholm
County Council, BioClinicum J:15, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171
64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Karolinska Institutet,
Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research and Stockholm
County Council, BioClinicum J:15, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171
64 Solna, Sweden
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4
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Jangard S, Jayaram-Lindström N, Isacsson NH, Matheson GJ, Plavén-Sigray P, Franck J, Borg J, Farde L, Cervenka S. Striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability as a predictor of subsequent alcohol use in social drinkers. Addiction 2023; 118:1053-1061. [PMID: 36710462 DOI: 10.1111/add.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Whereas striatal dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability has shown to be altered in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and in healthy individuals with a family history of AUD, the role of D2R in the development of AUD is unknown. In this positron emission tomography (PET) study, we measured whether D2R availability is associated with subsequent alcohol use and alcohol-related factors, at a follow-up 8 to 16 years post-PET scan, in social drinkers. DESIGN Longitudinal study investigating the association between PET data and later self-report measures in healthy individuals. SETTING Academic research imaging centre in Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS There were 71 individuals (68 of whom had evaluable PET data, 5 females, 42.0 years mean age) from a series of previous PET studies. MEASUREMENTS One PET examination with the D2R antagonist radioligand [11 C]raclopride at baseline and self-report measures assessing alcohol use, drug use, impulsivity, reward sensitivity and family history of alcohol or substance use disorder at follow-up. FINDINGS We found no evidence for an association between D2R availability and later alcohol use (B = -0.019, B 95% CI = -0.043 to -0.006, P = 0.147) nor for the majority of the alcohol-related factors (B 95% CI = -0.034 to 0.004, P = 0.273-0.288). A negative association with a small effect size was found between D2R availability and later impulsivity (B = -0.017, B 95% CI = -0.034 to -0.001, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Low striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability may not be a strong predictor in the development of alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jangard
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nils Hentati Isacsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Granville James Matheson
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Franck
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Orhan F, Goiny M, Becklén M, Mathé L, Piehl F, Schwieler L, Fatouros-Bergman H, Farde L, Cervenka S, Sellgren CM, Engberg G, Erhardt S. CSF dopamine is elevated in first-episode psychosis and associates to symptom severity and cognitive performance. Schizophr Res 2023; 257:34-40. [PMID: 37271040 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypothesis of dopamine dysfunction in psychosis has evolved since the mid-twentieth century. However, clinical support from biochemical analysis of the transmitter in patients is still missing. The present study assessed dopamine and related metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of first-episode psychosis (FEP) subjects. METHODS Forty first-episode psychosis subjects and twenty healthy age-matched volunteers were recruited via the Karolinska Schizophrenia Project, a multidisciplinary research consortium that investigates the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Psychopathology, disease severity, and cognitive performance were rated as well as cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of dopamine and related metabolites were measured using a sensitive high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. RESULTS CSF dopamine was reliably detected in 50 % of healthy controls and in 65 % of first-episode psychosis subjects and significantly higher in first-episode psychosis subjects compared to age-matched healthy controls. No difference in CSF dopamine levels was observed between drug-naive subjects and subjects with short exposure to antipsychotics. The dopamine concentrations were positively associated with illness severity and deficits in executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Dopamine dysfunction has long been considered a cornerstone of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, although biochemical support for elevated brain dopamine levels has been lacking. The results of the present study, showing that FEP subjects have increased CSF dopamine levels that correlate to disease symptoms, should fill the knowledge gap in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Orhan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michel Goiny
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meneca Becklén
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Levida Mathé
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lilly Schwieler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Fatouros-Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Engberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sophie Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Cselényi Z, Wallin J, Tjerkoski J, Bloth B, Svensson S, Nennesmo I, Sunnemark D, Jelic V, Farde L, Svenningsson P. [C]PBB3 binding in Aβ(-) or Aβ(+) Corticobasal syndrome. Synapse 2023; 77:e22269. [PMID: 36951466 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is associated with 4-repeat tauopathy and/or Alzheimer's disease pathologies. OBJECTIVES To examine tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in CBS patients using positron emission tomography (PET). METHODS Eight CBS patients and three healthy individuals lacking amyloid pathology underwent PET with [C]PBB3 for tau imaging, and [C]AZD2184 for Aβ. Subcortical and cortical binding of [C]PBB3 was compared between Aβ(-) and Aβ(+) CBS patients and reference group. Postmortem analysis was done in one CBS patient. RESULTS Three CBS patients were considered Aβ(+). Total binding was higher in all patients compared to the reference group. Similar regional binding profiles of [C]PBB3 in Aβ(+) and Aβ(-) CBS patients were found. Elevated [C]PBB3 binding in pallidum was observed in all CBS patients. Cortical [C]PBB3 binding was higher in Aβ(+) compared to Aβ(-) patients. Postmortem analysis of a CBS patient revealed corticobasal degeneration neuropathology and [C]PBB3 autofluorescence in some tau-positive structures. CONCLUSIONS [C]PBB3 is elevated in CBS patients with binding in relevant areas capturing some, but not all, 4-repeat tauopathy in CBS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Wallin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Tjerkoski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Bloth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Svensson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dan Sunnemark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelic
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Ekman S, Cselényi Z, Varrone A, Jucaite A, Martin H, Schou M, Johnström P, Laus G, Lewensohn R, Brown AP, van der Aart J, Vishwanathan K, Farde L. Brain exposure of osimertinib in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastases: A positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging study. Clin Transl Sci 2023. [PMID: 36808835 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) are associated with poor prognosis in epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive (EGFRm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib is a third-generation, irreversible, EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that potently and selectively inhibits EGFR-sensitizing and T790M resistance mutations with efficacy in EGFRm NSCLC including central nervous system (CNS) metastases. The open-label phase I positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study (ODIN-BM) assessed [11 C]osimertinib brain exposure and distribution in patients with EGFRm NSCLC and BMs. Three dynamic 90-min [11 C]osimertinib PET examinations were acquired together with metabolite-corrected arterial plasma input functions at: baseline, after first oral osimertinib 80 mg dose, and after greater than or equal to 21 days of osimertinib 80 mg q.d. treatment. Contrast-enhanced MRI was performed at screening and after 25-35 days of osimertinib 80 mg q.d.; treatment effect was assessed per CNS Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 and per volumetric changes in total BM using a novel analysis approach. Four patients (aged 51-77 years) completed the study. At baseline, ~1.5% injected radioactivity reached the brain (IDmax[brain] ) 22 min (median, Tmax[brain] ) after injection. Total volume of distribution (VT ) in whole brain was numerically higher compared with the BM regions. After a single oral osimertinib 80 mg dose, there was no consistent decrease in VT in whole brain or BMs. After greater than or equal to 21 days' daily treatment, VT in whole brain and BMs were numerically higher versus baseline. MRI revealed 56%-95% reduction in total BMs volume after 25-35 days of osimertinib 80 mg q.d. treatment. The [11 C]osimertinib crossed the blood-brain and brain-tumor barriers and had a high, homogeneous brain distribution in patients with EGFRm NSCLC and BMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ekman
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital/Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Martin
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Laus
- Late Development Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Thoracic Oncology Center, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital/Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew P Brown
- Late Development Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Karthick Vishwanathan
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Dahl K, Johnström P, Forsberg-Morén A, Gustafsson B, Miranda-Azpiazu P, Khani Y, Halldin C, Farde L, Elmore CS, Schou M. Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of [ 11C]AZ11895530 for PET Imaging of the Serotonin 1A Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2078-2083. [PMID: 35802379 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. We here report the preparation of two candidate 5-HT1A radioligands, [11C]AZ11132132 ([11C]3) and [11C]AZ11895530 ([11C]4), and their subsequent evaluation in vitro using autoradiography and in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Compounds 3 and 4 were radiolabeled at high radiochemical purity (>99%) and high molar activity (>38 GBq/μmol) by heteroatom methylation with [11C]methyl iodide. Autoradiography on whole hemispheres from post-mortem human brain revealed substantial nonspecific binding of [11C]3, while the binding of [11C]4 to brain tissue was consistent with the distribution of 5-HT1A receptors and sensitive to co-incubation with the reference 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 (10 μM). Following intravenous injection of [11C]4 into a cynomolgus monkey, brain radioactivity concentration (Cmax ∼ 2.2 SUV) was high whereafter it decreased rapidly. The regional binding potential (BPND) values were calculated using the simplified reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region. The values varied between 0.2 and 1.0 for temporal cortex, raphe nuclei, frontal cortex, and hippocampus which is consistent with the known 5-HT1A expression pattern. After pretreatment with WAY100635 (0.5 mg/kg), a homogeneous distribution of radioactivity was observed in non-human primate (NHP) brain. Although [11C]4 fulfilled important criteria for successful in vivo neuroimaging, including good blood-brain-barrier permeability and high specific binding in vitro to human brain tissue, the regional BPND values for [11C]4 in NHP brain were low when compared to those obtained with existing radioligands and thus do not merit further investigation of [11C]4. Evaluation of structurally related analogues is underway in our laboratory to identify improved candidates for clinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Dahl
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Kaolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre at Karolinska Institutet, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, AstraZeneca, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Forsberg-Morén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Gustafsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Miranda-Azpiazu
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yaser Khani
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Isotope Chemistry, Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre at Karolinska Institutet, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, AstraZeneca, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Rinne JO, Jucaite A, Cselényi Z, Farde L. Glia Imaging Shows Clinical Utility in Differentiating Parkinson's Disease from Multiple System Atrophy. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1776-1778. [PMID: 35666059 PMCID: PMC9541833 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Mattsson P, Cselényi Z, Andrée B, Borg J, Nag S, Halldin C, Farde L. Decreased 5-HT 1A binding in mild Alzheimer's disease - a PET study. Synapse 2022; 76:e22235. [PMID: 35587913 PMCID: PMC9285435 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Decreased 5-HT1A receptor binding has been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and interpreted as a consequence of neuron loss. The purpose of the present study was to compare [11 C]WAY100635 binding to the 5-HT1A receptor in hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala and pericalcarine cortex in mild AD patients and elderly controls. METHODS AD patients (n = 7) and elderly control subjects (n = 8) were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) and [11 C]WAY100635. PET data acquisition was performed with an ECAT EXACT HR system. Wavelet-aided parametric images of non-displaceable binding potential (BPND ) were generated using Logan's graphical analysis with cerebellum as reference region. Correction for partial volume effects (PVE) was performed with the Müller-Gärtner method (MG). Regions of interest (ROIs) were applied to the individual parametric images and the regional BPND was calculated as the average parametric voxel value within each ROI. Besides comparison between subject groups, correlations between BPND values and scores on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD), and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were expressed by Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Mean regional BPND was lower in AD patients compared to control subjects and the difference was statistically significant for hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and amygdala. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between hippocampal BPND values and DAD scores. CONCLUSION The results of the present study corroborate and extend previous findings of decreased 5-HT1A binding in AD and strengthen the support for 5-HT1A receptor PET as a tool for assessment of neurodegenerative changes in mild AD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mattsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Andrée
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Jucaite A, Cselényi Z, Kreisl WC, Rabiner EA, Varrone A, Carson RE, Rinne JO, Savage A, Schou M, Johnström P, Svenningsson P, Rascol O, Meissner WG, Barone P, Seppi K, Kaufmann H, Wenning GK, Poewe W, Farde L. Glia Imaging Differentiates Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson's Disease: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with [ 11 C]PBR28 and Machine Learning Analysis. Mov Disord 2021; 37:119-129. [PMID: 34609758 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA) is challenged by overlapping features with Parkinson's disease (PD) and late-onset ataxias. Additional biomarkers are needed to confirm MSA and to advance the understanding of pathophysiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the translocator protein (TSPO), expressed by glia cells, has shown elevations in MSA. OBJECTIVE In this multicenter PET study, we assess the performance of TSPO imaging as a diagnostic marker for MSA. METHODS We analyzed [11 C]PBR28 binding to TSPO using imaging data of 66 patients with MSA and 24 patients with PD. Group comparisons were based on regional analysis of parametric images. The diagnostic readout included visual reading of PET images against clinical diagnosis and machine learning analyses. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating curves were used to discriminate MSA from PD and cerebellar from parkinsonian variant MSA. RESULTS We observed a conspicuous pattern of elevated regional [11 C]PBR28 binding to TSPO in MSA as compared with PD, with "hotspots" in the lentiform nucleus and cerebellar white matter. Visual reading discriminated MSA from PD with 100% specificity and 83% sensitivity. The machine learning approach improved sensitivity to 96%. We identified MSA subtype-specific TSPO binding patterns. CONCLUSIONS We found a pattern of significantly increased regional glial TSPO binding in patients with MSA. Intriguingly, our data are in line with severe neuroinflammation in MSA. Glia imaging may have potential to support clinical MSA diagnosis and patient stratification in clinical trials on novel drug therapies for an α-synucleinopathy that remains strikingly incurable. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William C Kreisl
- Taub Institute, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro, London, UK.,Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Juha O Rinne
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Personalized Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivier Rascol
- French MSA Reference Centre, Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1436, Department of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, NeuroToul COEN Centre, UMR 1 214-ToNIC and University Hospital of Toulouse, INSERM and University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- CRMR AMS, Service de Neurologie-Maladies Neurodégénératives, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neurodegenerative Disease Centre, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Jucaite A, Stenkrona P, Cselényi Z, De Vita S, Buil-Bruna N, Varnäs K, Savage A, Varrone A, Johnström P, Schou M, Davison C, Sykes A, Pilla Reddy V, Hoch M, Vazquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Halldin C, Merchant MS, Pass M, Farde L. Brain exposure of the ATM inhibitor AZD1390 in humans-a positron emission tomography study. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:687-696. [PMID: 33123736 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mediates cellular response to DNA damage induced by radiation. ATM inhibition decreases DNA damage repair in tumor cells and affects tumor growth. AZD1390 is a novel, highly potent, selective ATM inhibitor designed to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and currently evaluated with radiotherapy in a phase I study in patients with brain malignancies. In the present study, PET was used to measure brain exposure of 11C-labeled AZD1390 after intravenous (i.v.) bolus administration in healthy subjects with an intact BBB. METHODS AZD1390 was radiolabeled with carbon-11 and a microdose (mean injected mass 1.21 µg) was injected in 8 male subjects (21-65 y). The radioactivity concentration of [11C]AZD1390 in brain was measured using a high-resolution PET system. Radioactivity in arterial blood was measured to obtain a metabolite corrected arterial input function for quantitative image analysis. Participants were monitored by laboratory examinations, vital signs, electrocardiogram, adverse events. RESULTS The brain radioactivity concentration of [11C]AZD1390 was 0.64 SUV (standard uptake value) and reached maximum 1.00% of injected dose at Tmax[brain] of 21 min (time of maximum brain radioactivity concentration) after i.v. injection. The whole brain total distribution volume was 5.20 mL*cm-3. No adverse events related to [11C]AZD1390 were reported. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that [11C]AZD1390 crosses the intact BBB and supports development of AZD1390 for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme or other brain malignancies. Moreover, it illustrates the potential of PET microdosing in predicting and guiding dose range and schedule for subsequent clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Nuria Buil-Bruna
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andy Sykes
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthias Hoch
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Ekman S, Cselényi Z, Varrone A, Jucaite A, Martin H, Schou M, Johnström P, Laus G, Lewensohn R, Brown A, Van Der Aart J, Vishwanathan K, Farde L. P76.72 A PET and MRI Study Exploring Osimertinib Brain Exposure and Efficacy in EGFRm NSCLC CNS Metastases. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Nag S, Jia Z, Svedberg M, Jackson A, Ahmad R, Luthra S, Varnäs K, Farde L, Halldin C. Synthesis and Autoradiography of Novel F-18 Labeled Reversible Radioligands for Detection of Monoamine Oxidase B. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4398-4404. [PMID: 33284012 PMCID: PMC7747220 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
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Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is an
important enzyme regulating the
levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. Selective MAO-B inhibitors
have been labeled with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 to visualize the localization
of MAO-B in vivo by positron emission tomography
(PET) and thereby have been useful for studying neurodegenerative
diseases. The aim of this study was to develop promising fluorine-18
labeled reversible MAO-B PET radioligands and their biological evaluation in vitro by autoradiography. Radiolabeling was achieved
by classical one-step fluorine-18 nucleophilic substitution reaction.
The stability and radiochemical yield was analyzed with HPLC. All
five fluorine-18 labeled compounds were tested in human whole hemisphere
autoradiography experiments. Five compounds (GEH200439, GEH200448,
GEH200449, GEH200431A, and GEH200431B) were successfully radiolabeled
with fluorine-18, and the incorporation yield of the fluorination
reactions varied from 10 to 45% depending on the compound. The radiochemical
purity was higher than 99% for all at the end of synthesis. Radioligands
were found to be stable, with a radiochemical purity of >99% in
a
sterile phosphate buffered saline (pH = 7.4) over the duration of
the study. The ARG binding density of only 18F-GEH200449
was consistent with known MAO-B expression in the human brain. Radiolabeling
of five new fluorine-18 MAO-B reversible inhibitors was successfully
accomplished. Compound 18F-GEH200449 binds specifically
to MAO-B in vitro postmortem brain and could be a
potential candidate for in vivo PET investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Marie Svedberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Alex Jackson
- GE Healthcare Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Little Chalfont HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - Rabia Ahmad
- GE Healthcare Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Little Chalfont HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - Sajinder Luthra
- GE Healthcare Pharmaceutical Diagnostics, Little Chalfont HP8 4SP, United Kingdom
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
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15
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Freiburghaus T, Svensson JE, Matheson GJ, Plavén-Sigray P, Lundberg J, Farde L, Cervenka S. Low convergent validity of [ 11C]raclopride binding in extrastriatal brain regions: A PET study of within-subject correlations with [ 11C]FLB 457. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117523. [PMID: 33144221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (D2-R) in extrastriatal brain regions are of high interest for research in a wide range of psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Pharmacological competition studies and test-retest experiments have shown high validity and reliability of the positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [11C]FLB 457 for D2-R quantification in extrastriatal brain regions. However, this radioligand is not available at most research centers. Instead, the medium affinity radioligand [11C]raclopride, which has been extensively validated for quantification of D2-R in the high-density region striatum, has been applied also in studies on extrastriatal D2-R. Recently, the validity of this approach has been questioned by observations of low occupancy of [11C]raclopride in extrastriatal regions in a pharmacological competition study with quetiapine. Here, we utilise a data set of 16 healthy control subjects examined with both [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB 457 to assess the correlation in binding potential (BPND) in extrastriatal brain regions. BPND was quantified using the simplified reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region. The rank order of mean regional BPND values were similar for both radioligands, and corresponded to previously reported data, both post-mortem and using PET. Nevertheless, weak to moderate within-subject correlations were observed between [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB 457 BPND extrastriatally (Pearson's R: 0.30-0.56), in contrast to very strong correlations between repeated [11C]FLB 457 measurements (Pearson's R: 0.82-0.98). In comparison, correlations between repeated [11C]raclopride measurements were low to moderate (Pearson's R: 0.28-0.75). These results are likely related to low signal to noise ratio of [11C]raclopride in extrastriatal brain regions, and further strengthen the recommendation that extrastriatal D2-R measures obtained with [11C]raclopride should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Freiburghaus
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden.
| | - Jonas E Svensson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
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16
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Colclough N, Chen K, Johnström P, Strittmatter N, Yan Y, Wrigley GL, Schou M, Goodwin R, Varnäs K, Adua SJ, Zhao M, Nguyen DX, Maglennon G, Barton P, Atkinson J, Zhang L, Janefeldt A, Wilson J, Smith A, Takano A, Arakawa R, Kondrashov M, Malmquist J, Revunov E, Vazquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Windhorst AD, Karp NA, Finlay MRV, Ward RA, Yates JW, Smith PD, Farde L, Cheng Z, Cross DA. Preclinical Comparison of the Blood–brain barrier Permeability of Osimertinib with Other EGFR TKIs. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 27:189-201. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Varnäs K, Finnema SJ, Johnström P, Arakawa R, Halldin C, Eriksson LI, Farde L. Effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia on radioligand binding to monoamine oxidase-B in vivo. Br J Anaesth 2020; 126:238-244. [PMID: 33036760 PMCID: PMC8258980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular actions underlying the clinical effects of inhaled anaesthetics such as sevoflurane and isoflurane are not fully understood. Unexpected observations in positron emission tomography (PET) studies with [11C]AZD9272, a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) radioligand with possible affinity for monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), suggest that its binding is sensitive to anaesthesia with sevoflurane. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of sevoflurane anaesthesia on the binding of [11C]AZD9272 and of [11C]L-deprenyl-D2, a radioligand selective for MAO-B in non-human primates (NHPs). Methods Altogether, 12 PET measurements were conducted with a high-resolution research tomograph using the ligands [11C]AZD9272 or [11C]L-deprenyl-D2 in six cynomolgus monkeys anaesthetised with sevoflurane or ketamine/xylazine. Results The specific binding of [11C]AZD9272 and [11C]L-deprenyl-D2 was markedly reduced during anaesthesia with sevoflurane compared with ketamine/xylazine. The reduction was 80–90% (n=3) for [11C]AZD9272 and 77–80% (n=3) for [11C]L-deprenyl-D2. Conclusions Sevoflurane anaesthesia inhibited radioligand binding to MAO-B in the primate brain. The observation of lower MAO-B binding at clinically relevant concentrations of sevoflurane warrants further exploration of the potential role of MAO-B related mechanisms in regulation of systemic blood pressure during anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Biosamples, R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars I Eriksson
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Matheson GJ, Plavén-Sigray P, Louzolo A, Borg J, Farde L, Petrovic P, Cervenka S. Dopamine D1 receptor availability is not associated with delusional ideation measures of psychosis proneness. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:175-184. [PMID: 32616361 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is thought to play a role in psychosis and schizophrenia, however positron emission tomography studies comparing patients and controls have been inconsistent. To circumvent some of the limitations of clinical studies, such as antipsychotic exposure, an alternative approach is to examine subclinical psychotic symptoms within the general population, i.e. psychosis proneness traits. In this study, we investigated whether D1R availability is associated with delusional ideation in healthy controls, in four experiments, using [11C]SCH23390 PET (n = 76) and psychometric questionnaires (n = 217). We performed exploratory analyses, direct self-replication, and confirmatory analyses using Bayesian statistical modelling. Collectively, we found strong evidence that there is little to no linear association between delusional ideation and D1R. If hypothesised changes in D1R in drug-naive psychosis patients can be confirmed, our results suggest that they may either occur at disease onset, or that they are associated with specific aspects of psychosis other than delusional ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Granville J Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anaïs Louzolo
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Tjerkaski J, Cervenka S, Farde L, Matheson GJ. Kinfitr - an open-source tool for reproducible PET modelling: validation and evaluation of test-retest reliability. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:77. [PMID: 32642865 PMCID: PMC7343683 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, binding is typically estimated by fitting pharmacokinetic models to the series of measurements of radioactivity in the target tissue following intravenous injection of a radioligand. However, there are multiple different models to choose from and numerous analytical decisions that must be made when modelling PET data. Therefore, it is important that analysis tools be adapted to the specific circumstances, and that analyses be documented in a transparent manner. Kinfitr, written in the open-source programming language R, is a tool developed for flexible and reproducible kinetic modelling of PET data, i.e. performing all steps using code which can be publicly shared in analysis notebooks. In this study, we compared outcomes obtained using kinfitr with those obtained using PMOD: a widely used commercial tool. Results Using previously collected test-retest data obtained with four different radioligands, a total of six different kinetic models were fitted to time-activity curves derived from different brain regions. We observed good correspondence between the two kinetic modelling tools both for binding estimates and for microparameters. Likewise, no substantial differences were observed in the test-retest reliability estimates between the two tools. Conclusions In summary, we showed excellent agreement between the open-source R package kinfitr, and the widely used commercial application PMOD. We, therefore, conclude that kinfitr is a valid and reliable tool for kinetic modelling of PET data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tjerkaski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Granville James Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Cselényi Z, Jucaite A, Kristensson C, Stenkrona P, Ewing P, Varrone A, Johnström P, Schou M, Vazquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Bolin M, Siikanen J, Grybäck P, Larsson B, Halldin C, Grime K, Eriksson UG, Farde L. Quantification and reliability of [ 11C]VC - 002 binding to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the human lung - a test-retest PET study in control subjects. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:59. [PMID: 32495011 PMCID: PMC7270393 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radioligand [11C]VC-002 was introduced in a small initial study long ago for imaging of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in human lungs using positron emission tomography (PET). The objectives of the present study in control subjects were to advance the methodology for quantification of [11C]VC-002 binding in lung and to examine the reliability using a test-retest paradigm. This work constituted a self-standing preparatory step in a larger clinical trial aiming at estimating mAChR occupancy in the human lungs following inhalation of mAChR antagonists. METHODS PET measurements using [11C]VC-002 and the GE Discovery 710 PET/CT system were performed in seven control subjects at two separate occasions, 2-19 days apart. One subject discontinued the study after the first measurement. Radioligand binding to mAChRs in lung was quantified using an image-derived arterial input function. The total distribution volume (VT) values were obtained on a regional and voxel-by-voxel basis. Kinetic one-tissue and two-tissue compartment models (1TCM, 2TCM), analysis based on linearization of the compartment models (multilinear Logan) and image analysis by data-driven estimation of parametric images based on compartmental theory (DEPICT) were applied. The test-retest repeatability of VT estimates was evaluated by absolute variability (VAR) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS The 1TCM was the statistically preferred model for description of [11C]VC-002 binding in the lungs. Low VAR (< 10%) across analysis methods indicated good reliability of the PET measurements. The VT estimates were stable after 60 min. CONCLUSIONS The kinetic behaviour and good repeatability of [11C]VC-002 as well as the novel lung image analysis methodology support its application in applied studies on drug-induced mAChR receptor occupancy and the pathophysiology of pulmonary disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03097380, registered: 31 March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Cselényi
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Ewing
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Bolin
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Siikanen
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Grybäck
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Larsson
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ken Grime
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Nag S, Varnäs K, Arakawa R, Jahan M, Schou M, Farde L, Halldin C. Synthesis, Biodistribution, and Radiation Dosimetry of a Novel mGluR5 Radioligand: 18F-AZD9272. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1048-1057. [PMID: 32167745 PMCID: PMC7309225 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
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The metabotropic
glutamate receptor subtype mGluR5 has been proposed
as a potential drug target for CNS disorders such as anxiety, depression,
Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy. The AstraZeneca compound
AZD9272 has previously been labeled with carbon-11 and used as a PET
radioligand for mGluR5 receptor binding. The molecular structure of
AZD9272 allows one to label the molecule with fluorine-18 without
altering the structure. The aim of this study was to develop a fluorine-18
analogue of AZD9272 and to examine its binding distribution in the
nonhuman primate brain in vivo as well as to obtain
whole body radiation dosimetry. 18F-AZD9272 was successfully
synthesized from a nitro precursor. The radioligand was stable, with
a radiochemical purity of >99% at 2 h after formulation in a sterile
phosphate buffered solution (pH = 7.4). After injection of 18F-AZD9272 in two cynomolgus monkeys, the maximum whole brain radioactivity
concentration was 4.9–6.7% of the injected dose (n = 2) and PET images showed a pattern of regional radioactivity consistent
with that previously obtained for 11C-AZD9272. The percentage
of parent radioligand in plasma was 59 and 64% (n = 2) at 120 min after injection of 18F-AZD9272, consistent
with high metabolic stability. Two whole body PET scans were performed
in nonhuman primates for a total of 231 min after injection of 18F-AZD9272. Highest uptakes were seen in liver and small intestine,
followed by brain and kidney. The estimated effective dose was around
0.017 mSv/MBq. 18F-AZD9272 shows suitable properties as
a PET radioligand for in vivo imaging of binding
in the primate brain. 18F-labeled AZD9272 offers advantages
over 11C-AZD9272 in terms of higher image resolution, combined
with a longer half-life. Moreover, based on the distribution and the
estimated radiation burden, imaging of 18F-AZD9272 could
be used as an improved tool for quantitative assessment and characterization
of AZD9272 binding sites in the human brain by using PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Mahabuba Jahan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm 17176, Sweden
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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22
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Tiger M, Svensson J, Liberg B, Saijo T, Schain M, Halldin C, Farde L, Lundberg J. [ 11 C]raclopride positron emission tomography study of dopamine-D 2/3 receptor binding in patients with severe major depressive episodes before and after electroconvulsive therapy and compared to control subjects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:263-269. [PMID: 31943514 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to test: (i) if D2 /D3 binding in three functional subsections of striatum is different in patients with severe major depressive episodes than in controls; and (ii) if this difference is normalized after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). METHODS Nine inpatients were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [11 C]raclopride before and after an average of 8.4 ECT sessions. Treatment response was assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. Nine age- and sex-matched controls were examined twice with PET and [11 C]raclopride. RESULTS [11 C]raclopride binding was significantly lower in all three subsections of striatum in patients compared to controls (Cohen's dz , 1.14-1.68; P = 0.003-0.027). Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Ratings decreased significantly after ECT (P < 0.001; Cohen's dz , 2.9). ECT had no statistically significant effect on [11 C]raclopride binding, although post-ECT binding estimates were more similar to those obtained in controls in all subsections of striatum. CONCLUSION Using PET and [11 C]raclopride, we found support for the notion that severe major depressive episodes are associated with significantly lower dopamine D2 /D3 binding in all three subsections of striatum compared to controls. We noted no significant effect on D2 /D3 binding in the patient group after response to ECT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Tiger
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Svensson
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benny Liberg
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomoyuki Saijo
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schain
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christer Halldin
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Varrone A, Varnäs K, Jucaite A, Cselényi Z, Johnström P, Schou M, Vazquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Halldin C, Brown AP, Vishwanathan K, Farde L. A PET study in healthy subjects of brain exposure of 11C-labelled osimertinib - A drug intended for treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:799-807. [PMID: 31006308 PMCID: PMC7168784 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19843776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osimertinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRm) with observed efficacy in patients with brain metastases. Brain exposure and drug distribution in tumor regions are important criteria for evaluation and confirmation of CNS efficacy. The aim of this PET study was therefore to determine brain distribution and exposure of 11C-labelled osimertinib administered intravenously in subjects with an intact blood-brain barrier. Eight male healthy subjects (age 52 ± 8 years) underwent one PET measurement with 11C-osimertinib. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax(brain) (standardized uptake value), Tmax(brain) and AUC0-90 minbrain/blood ratio were calculated. The outcome measure for 11C-osimertinib brain exposure was the total distribution volume (VT). 11C-osimertinib distributed rapidly to the brain, with higher uptake in grey than in white matter. Mean Cmax, Tmax and AUC0-90 minbrain/blood ratio were 1.5 (range 1-1.8), 13 min (range 5-30 min), and 3.8 (range 3.3-4.1). Whole brain and white matter VT were 14 mL×cm-3 (range 11-18) and 7 mL×cm-3 (range 5-12). This study in healthy volunteers shows that 11C-osimertinib penetrates the intact blood-brain barrier. The approach used further illustrates the role of molecular imaging in facilitating the development of novel drugs for the treatment of malignancies affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Vazquez-Romero
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammad M Moein
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karthick Vishwanathan
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Fazio P, Ferreira D, Svenningsson P, Halldin C, Farde L, Westman E, Varrone A. High-resolution PET imaging reveals subtle impairment of the serotonin transporter in an early non-depressed Parkinson's disease cohort. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47:2407-2416. [PMID: 32020370 PMCID: PMC7396398 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The serotonin transporter (SERT) is a biochemical marker for monoaminergic signaling in brain and has been suggested to be involved inthe pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this PET study was to examine SERT availability in relevant brain regions in early stages ofnon-depressed PD patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 18 PD patients (13 M/5F, 64 ± 7 years, range 46-74 years, disease duration 2.9 ± 2.6 years; UPDRS motor 21.9 ± 5.2) and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy control (HC) subjects (15 M/5F, 61 ± 7 years, range 50-72 years) were included. In a subsequent longitudinal phase, ten of the PD patients (7 M/3F, UPDRS motor 20.6 ± 6.9) underwent a second PET measurement after 18-24 months. After a 3-T MRI acquisition, baseline PET measurements were performed with [11C]MADAM using a high-resolution research tomograph. The non-displaceablebinding potential (BPND) was chosen as the outcome measure and was estimated at voxel level on wavelet-aided parametric images, by using the Logan graphical analysis and the cerebellum as reference region. A molecular template was generated to visualize and define different subdivisions of the raphe nuclei in the brainstem. Subortical and cortical regions of interest were segmented using FreeSurfer. Univariate analyses and multivariate network analyses were performed on the PET data. RESULTS The univariate region-based analysis showed no differences in SERT levels when the PD patients were compared with the HC neither at baseline or after 2 years of follow-up. The multivariate network analysis also showed no differences at baseline. However, prominent changes in integration and segregation measures were observed at follow-up, indicating a disconnection of the cortical and subcortical regions from the three nuclei of the raphe. CONCLUSION We conclude that the serotoninergic system in PD patients seems to become involved with a network dysregulation as the disease progresses, suggesting a disturbed serotonergic signaling from raphe nuclei to target subcortical and cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Fazio
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, RegionStockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, R5:02, Visionsgatan 70A, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, RegionStockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, R5:02, Visionsgatan 70A, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, RegionStockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, R5:02, Visionsgatan 70A, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric Westman
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroimaging, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, RegionStockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, R5:02, Visionsgatan 70A, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Lindberg A, Arakawa R, Nogami T, Nag S, Schou M, Elmore CS, Farde L, Pike VW, Halldin C. Potential for imaging the high-affinity state of the 5-HT 1B receptor: a comparison of three PET radioligands with differing intrinsic activity. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:100. [PMID: 31754940 PMCID: PMC6872687 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last decade, a few radioligands have been developed for PET imaging of brain 5-HT1B receptors. The 5-HT1B receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that exists in two different agonist affinity states. An agonist ligand is expected to be more sensitive towards competition from another agonist, such as endogenous 5-HT, than an antagonist ligand. It is of interest to know whether the intrinsic activity of a PET radioligand for the 5-HT1B receptor impacts on its ability to detect changes in endogenous synaptic 5-HT density. Three high-affinity 11C-labeled 5-HT1B PET radioligands with differing intrinsic activity were applied to PET measurements in cynomolgus monkey to evaluate their sensitivity to be displaced within the brain by endogenous 5-HT. For these experiments, fenfluramine was pre-administered at two different doses (1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) to induce synaptic 5-HT release. Results A dose-dependent response to fenfluramine was detected for all three radioligands. At the highest dose of fenfluramine (5.0 mg/kg, i.v.), reductions in specific binding in the occipital cortex increased with radioligand agonist efficacy, reaching 61% for [11C]3. The most antagonistic radioligand showed the lowest reduction in specific binding. Conclusions Three 5-HT1B PET radioligands were identified with differing intrinsic activity that could be used in imaging high- and low-affinity states of 5-HT1B receptors using PET. From this limited study, radioligand sensitivity to endogenous 5-HT appears to depend on agonist efficacy. More extensive studies are required to substantiate this suggestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA.
| | - Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tsuyoshi Nogami
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Isotope Chemistry, Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-43250, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, R&D, AstraZeneca, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1003, USA
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
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Horder J, Andersson M, Mendez MA, Singh N, Tangen Ä, Lundberg J, Gee A, Halldin C, Veronese M, Bölte S, Farde L, Sementa T, Cash D, Higgins K, Spain D, Turkheimer F, Mick I, Selvaraj S, Nutt DJ, Lingford-Hughes A, Howes OD, Murphy DG, Borg J. GABA A receptor availability is not altered in adults with autism spectrum disorder or in mouse models. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/461/eaam8434. [PMID: 30282698 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam8434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Preliminary studies have suggested that γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, and potentially the GABAA α5 subtype, are deficient in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, prior studies have been confounded by the effects of medications, and these studies did not compare findings across different species. We measured both total GABAA and GABAA α5 receptor availability in two positron emission tomography imaging studies. We used the tracer [11C]flumazenil in 15 adults with ASD and in 15 control individuals without ASD and the tracer [11C]Ro15-4513 in 12 adults with ASD and in 16 control individuals without ASD. All participants were free of medications. We also performed autoradiography, using the same tracers, in three mouse models of ASD: the Cntnap2 knockout mouse, the Shank3 knockout mouse, and mice carrying a 16p11.2 deletion. We found no differences in GABAA receptor or GABAA α5 subunit availability in any brain region of adults with ASD compared to those without ASD. There were no differences in GABAA receptor or GABAA α5 subunit availability in any of the three mouse models. However, adults with ASD did display altered performance on a GABA-sensitive perceptual task. Our data suggest that GABAA receptor availability may be normal in adults with ASD, although GABA signaling may be functionally impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Horder
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Max Andersson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria A Mendez
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ämma Tangen
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antony Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Teresa Sementa
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Higgins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Debbie Spain
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inge Mick
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sudhakar Selvaraj
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences and Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ekman S, Varrone A, Jucaite A, Vishwanathan K, Brown A, Cselényi Z, Martin H, Lewensohn R, Schou M, Laus G, Van Der Aart J, Johnström P, Singh N, Farde L. P2.14-33 An Open-Label PET-MRI Study to Determine Brain Exposure of Osimertinib in Patients with EGFR Mutant NSCLC and CNS Metastases. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Yang KC, Stepanov V, Amini N, Martinsson S, Takano A, Bundgaard C, Bang-Andersen B, Sanchez C, Halldin C, Farde L, Finnema SJ. Effect of clinically relevant doses of vortioxetine and citalopram on serotonergic PET markers in the nonhuman primate brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1706-1713. [PMID: 31216565 PMCID: PMC6784989 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant approved for treatment of major depressive disorder. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the mechanism of action of vortioxetine might be different from selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), including larger serotonin (5-HT) release and direct modulation of several 5-HT receptors. In the current positron emission tomography (PET) study, we evaluated the mechanism of action of vortioxetine by comparing its effect to the SSRI citalopram on the binding of [11C]AZ10419369 to the 5-HT1B receptor in the nonhuman primate brain. Initially, the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) binding of vortioxetine was determined by [11C]MADAM PET measurements before and after administration of vortioxetine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg) and data were used to confirm clinically relevant dosing in subsequent PET measurements with [11C]AZ10419369. The 5-HT1B receptor binding was significantly decreased after 0.3 mg/kg of citalopram in the dorsal raphe nucleus (5%), as well as after 0.3 mg/kg of vortioxetine in six brain regions (~25%) or 1.0 mg/kg of vortioxetine in all 12 examined regions (~48%). Moreover, there was no effect of 1.0 mg/kg of vortioxetine on the binding of [11C]Cimbi-36 to the 5-HT2A receptor, which has comparable sensitivity to 5-HT release as [11C]AZ10419369 binding. In conclusion, at clinically relevant doses, vortioxetine induced larger reductions in [11C]AZ10419369 binding than citalopram. These observations suggest that vortioxetine binds to the 5-HT1B receptor at clinically relevant doses. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the role of the 5-HT1B receptor in the therapeutic effects of vortioxetine and as a potential target for the development of novel antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Yang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Martinsson
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Christer Halldin
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sjoerd J. Finnema
- 0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden ,0000000419368710grid.47100.32Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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29
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Forsberg A, Lampa J, Estelius J, Cervenka S, Farde L, Halldin C, Lekander M, Olgart Höglund C, Kosek E. Disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis is inversely related to cerebral TSPO binding assessed by [ 11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 334:577000. [PMID: 31260948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by peripheral joint inflammation. Recently, an engagement of the brain immune system has been proposed. The aim with the current investigation was to study the glial cell activation marker translocator protein (TSPO) in a well characterized cohort of RA patients and to relate it to disease activity, peripheral markers of inflammation and autonomic activity. Fifteen RA patients and fifteen healthy controls matched for age, sex and TSPO genotype (rs6971) were included in the study. TSPO was measured using Positron emission tomography (PET) and the radioligand [11C]PBR28. The outcome measure was total distribution volume (VT) estimated using Logan graphical analysis, with grey matter (GM) as the primary region of interest. Additional regions of interest analyses as well as voxel-wise analyses were also performed. Clinical evaluation of disease activity, symptom assessments, serum analyses of cytokines and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of 24 h ambulatory ECG were performed in all subjects. There were no statistically significant group differences in TSPO binding, either when using the primary outcome VT or when normalizing VT to the lateral occipital cortex (p > 0.05). RA patients had numerically lower VT values than healthy controls (Cohen's D for GM = -0.21). In the RA group, there was a strong negative correlation between [11C]PBR28 VT in GM and disease activity (DAS28)(r = -0.745, p = 0.002, corrected for rs6971 genotype). Higher serum levels of IFNγ and TNF-α were found in RA patients compared to controls (p < 0.05) and several measures of autonomic activity showed significant differences between RA and controls (p < 0.05). However, no associations between markers of systemic inflammation or autonomic activity and cerebral TSPO binding were found. In conclusion, no statistically significant group differences in TSPO binding as measured with [11C]PBR28 PET were detected. Within the RA group, lower cerebral TSPO binding was associated with higher disease activity, suggesting that cerebral TSPO expression may be related to disease modifying mechanisms in RA. In light of the earlier confirmed neuro-immune features of RA, these results warrant further investigations regarding neuro-immune joint-to-CNS signalling to open up for potentially new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - J Lampa
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Estelius
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - C Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Lekander
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Olgart Höglund
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Kosek
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Stenkrona P, Matheson GJ, Halldin C, Cervenka S, Farde L. D1-Dopamine Receptor Availability in First-Episode Neuroleptic Naive Psychosis Patients. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 22:415-425. [PMID: 30958880 PMCID: PMC6600463 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography studies examining differences in D1-dopamine receptor binding between control subjects and patients with schizophrenia have been inconsistent, reporting higher, lower, and no difference in the frontal cortex. Exposure to antipsychotic medication has been suggested to be a likely source of this heterogeneity, and thus there is a need for studies of patients at early stages of the disorder who have not been exposed to such drugs. METHODS Here, we compared 17 healthy control subjects and 18 first-episode neuroleptic naive patients with schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis using positron emission tomography and the D1-dopamine receptor radioligand [11C]SCH23390. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant difference in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Contrary to our expectations, patients had less D1-dopamine receptor availability with a moderate effect size. In a Bayesian analysis, we show that the data are over 50 times more likely to have occurred under the decrease as opposed to the increase hypothesis. This effect was not global, as our analysis showed that the null hypothesis was preferred over either hypothesis in the striatum. CONCLUSIONS This investigation represents the largest single sample of neuroleptic-naive patients examined for D1-dopamine receptor availability using PET and suggests a reduction of prefrontal D1-dopamine receptor density in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, further work will be required to reach a consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden,Correspondence: Per Stenkrona, MD, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska University Hospital, R5:02 SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden ()
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine, R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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31
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Schou M, Ewing P, Cselenyi Z, Fridén M, Takano A, Halldin C, Farde L. Pulmonary PET imaging confirms preferential lung target occupancy of an inhaled bronchodilator. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:9. [PMID: 30694407 PMCID: PMC6890867 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive molecular imaging technique that traces the distribution of radiolabeled molecules in experimental animals and human subjects. We hypothesized that PET could be used to visualize the binding of the bronchodilator drug ipratropium to muscarinic receptors (MR) in the lungs of living non-human primates (NHP). The objectives of this study were two-fold: (i) to develop a methodology for quantitative imaging of muscarinic receptors in NHP lung and (ii) to estimate and compare ipratropium-induced MR occupancy following drug administration via intravenous injection and inhalation, respectively. METHODS A series of PET measurements (n = 18) was performed after intravenous injection of the selective muscarinic radioligand 11C-VC-002 in NHP (n = 5). The lungs and pituitary gland (both rich in MR) were kept in the field of view. Each PET measurement was followed by a PET measurement preceded by treatment with ipratropium (intravenous or inhaled). RESULTS Radioligand binding was quantified using the Logan graphical analysis method providing the total volume of distribution (VT). Ipratropium reduced the VT in the lung and pituitary in a dose-dependent fashion. At similar plasma ipratropium concentrations, administration by inhalation produced larger reductions in VT for the lungs. The plasma-derived apparent affinity for ipratropium binding in the lung was one order of magnitude higher after inhalation (Kiih = 1.01 nM) than after intravenous infusion (Kiiv = 10.84 nM). CONCLUSION Quantitative muscarinic receptor occupancy imaging by PET articulates and quantifies the therapeutic advantage of the inhaled route of delivery and provides a tool for future developments of improved inhaled drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Schou
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pär Ewing
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselenyi
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Fridén
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Translational PKPD, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Arakawa R, Farde L, Matsumoto J, Kanegawa N, Yakushev I, Yang KC, Takano A. Potential Effect of Prolonged Sevoflurane Anesthesia on the Kinetics of [ 11C]Raclopride in Non-human Primates. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:183-187. [PMID: 28916921 PMCID: PMC5862918 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Positron emission tomography (PET) in non-human primates (NHP) is commonly performed under anesthesia, with sevoflurane being a widely used inhaled anesthetic. PET measurement in NHP can be repeated, and a difference in radioligand kinetics has previously been observed between the first and second PET measurement on the same day using sevoflurane anesthesia. In this study, we evaluated the effect of prolonged sevoflurane anesthesia on kinetics and binding potential (BPND) of [11C]raclopride in NHP. Procedures Three cynomolgus monkeys underwent two to three PET measurements with [11C]raclopride under continuous sevoflurane anesthesia on the same day. The concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted according to the general conditions and safety parameters of the NHP. Time to peak (TTP) radioactivity in the striatum was estimated from time-activity curves (TACs). The BPND in the striatum was calculated by the simplified reference tissue model using the cerebellum as reference region. Results In each NHP, the TTP became shorter in the later PET measurements than in the first one. Across all measurements (n = 8), concentration of sevoflurane correlated with TTP (Spearman’s ρ = − 0.79, p = 0.03), but not with BPND (ρ = − 0.25, p = 0.55). Conclusions These data suggest that sevoflurane affects the shape of TACs but has no evident effect on BPND in consecutive PET measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Arakawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanegawa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and TUM Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai-Chun Yang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Jahan M, Johnström P, Selvaraju RK, Svedberg M, Winzell MS, Bernström J, Kingston L, Schou M, Jia Z, Skrtic S, Johansson L, Korsgren O, Farde L, Halldin C, Eriksson O. The development of a GPR44 targeting radioligand [ 11C]AZ12204657 for in vivo assessment of beta cell mass. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:113. [PMID: 30588560 PMCID: PMC6306373 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The G-protein-coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) is a beta cell-restricted target that may serve as a marker for beta cell mass (BCM) given the development of a suitable PET ligand. Methods The binding characteristics of the selected candidate, AZ12204657, at human GPR44 were determined using in vitro ligand binding assays. AZ12204657 was radiolabeled using 11C- or 3H-labeled methyl iodide ([11C/3H]CH3I) in one step, and the conversion of [11C/3H]CH3I to the radiolabeled product [11C/3H]AZ12204657 was quantitative. The specificity of radioligand binding to GPR44 and the selectivity for beta cells were evaluated by in vitro binding studies on pancreatic sections from human and non-human primates as well as on homogenates from endocrine and exocrine pancreatic compartments. Results The radiochemical purity of the resulting radioligand [11C]AZ12204657 was > 98%, with high molar activity (MA), 1351 ± 575 GBq/μmol (n = 18). The radiochemical purity of [3H]AZ12204657 was > 99% with MA of 2 GBq/μmol. Pancreatic binding of [11C/3H]AZ12204657 was co-localized with insulin-positive islets of Langerhans in non-diabetic individuals and individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The binding of [11C]AZ12204657 to GPR44 was > 10 times higher in islet homogenates compared to exocrine homogenates. In human islets of Langerhans GPR44 was co-expressed with insulin, but not glucagon as assessed by co-staining and confocal microscopy. Conclusion We radiolabeled [11C]AZ12204657, a potential PET radioligand for the beta cell-restricted protein GPR44. In vitro evaluation demonstrated that [3H]AZ12204657 and [11C]AZ12204657 selectively target pancreatic beta cells. [11C]AZ12204657 has promising properties as a marker for human BCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahabuba Jahan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Johnström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ram K Selvaraju
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Svedberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Sörhede Winzell
- Bioscience, Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Bernström
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lee Kingston
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stanko Skrtic
- Innovation Strategies & External Liaison, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- GMED Diabetes, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Present address: Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Olle Korsgren
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Division of Immunology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olof Eriksson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Plavén-Sigray P, Matheson GJ, Cselényi Z, Jucaite A, Farde L, Cervenka S. Test-retest reliability and convergent validity of (R)-[ 11C]PK11195 outcome measures without arterial input function. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:102. [PMID: 30498919 PMCID: PMC6265355 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The PET radioligand (R)-[11C]PK11195 is used to quantify the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker for glial activation. Since there is no brain region devoid of TSPO, an arterial input function (AIF) is ideally required for quantification of binding. However, obtaining an AIF is experimentally demanding, is sometimes uncomfortable for participants, and can introduce additional measurement error during quantification. The objective of this study was to perform an evaluation of the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of techniques used for quantifying (R)-[11C]PK11195 binding without an AIF in clinical studies. Methods Data from six healthy individuals who participated in two PET examinations, 6 weeks apart, were analyzed. Regional non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) values were calculated using the simplified reference tissue model, with either cerebellum as reference region or a reference input derived using supervised cluster analysis (SVCA). Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were estimated for the time interval of 40–60 min. Results Test-retest reliability for BPND estimates were poor (80% of ICCs < 0.5). BPND estimates derived without an AIF were not correlated with BPND, total or specific distribution volume from the 2TCM using an AIF (all R2 < 12%). SUVs showed moderate reliability but no correlation to any other outcome measure. Conclusions Caution is warranted when interpreting patient-control comparisons employing (R)-[11C]PK11195 outcome measures obtained without an AIF. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0455-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Granville James Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Imaging Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Imaging Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Imaging Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Griffioen G, Matheson GJ, Cervenka S, Farde L, Borg J. Serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor binding and self-transcendence in healthy control subjects-a replication study using Bayesian hypothesis testing. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5790. [PMID: 30479884 PMCID: PMC6241390 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A putative relationship between markers for the serotonin system and the personality scale self-transcendence (ST) and its subscale spiritual acceptance (SA) has been demonstrated in a previous PET study of 5-HT1A receptor binding in healthy control subjects. The results could however not be replicated in a subsequent PET study at an independent centre. In this study, we performed a replication of our original study in a larger sample using Bayesian hypothesis testing to evaluate relative evidence both for and against this hypothesis. Methods Regional 5-HT1A receptor binding potential (BPND) was examined in 50 healthy male subjects using PET with the radioligand [11C]WAY100635. 5-HT1Aavailability was calculated using the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) yielding regional BPND. ST and SA were measured using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) questionnaire. Correlations between ST/SA scores and 5-HT1ABPND in frontal cortex, hippocampus and raphe nuclei were examined by calculation of default correlation Bayes factors (BFs) and replication BFs. Results There were no significant correlations between 5-HT1A receptor binding and ST/SA scores. Rather, five of six replication BFs provided moderate to strong evidence for no association between 5-HT1A availability and ST/SA, while the remaining BF provided only weak evidence. Conclusion We could not replicate our previous findings of an association between 5-HT1A availability and the personality trait ST/SA. Rather, the Bayesian analysis provided evidence for a lack of correlation. Further research should focus on whether other components of the serotonin system may be related to ST or SA. This study also illustrates how Bayesian hypothesis testing allows for greater flexibility and more informative conclusions than traditional p-values, suggesting that this approach may be advantageous for analysis of molecular imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Griffioen
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Capio Psykiatri Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Orhan F, Schwieler L, Fatouros-Bergman H, Malmqvist A, Cervenka S, Collste K, Flyckt L, Farde L, Sellgren CM, Piehl F, Engberg G, Erhardt S. Increased number of monocytes and plasma levels of MCP-1 and YKL-40 in first-episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 138:432-440. [PMID: 30132802 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence implicates immune activation in the development of schizophrenia. Here, monocyte numbers, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) were investigated in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. METHOD CSF and blood were sampled from 42 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 22 healthy controls. The levels of YKL-40 and MCP-1 were measured using electrochemiluminescence assay, and blood monocytes were counted using an XN-9000-hematology analyzer. RESULTS We found higher plasma levels of MCP-1 and YKL-40 in FEP patients compared with healthy controls, a condition that was unrelated to antipsychotic and/or anxiolytic medication. This was combined with an increased number of blood monocytes and a borderline significant increase in YKL-40 levels in the CSF of tobacco-free FEP patients. Plasma or CSF chemokines or blood monocytes did not correlate with the severity of symptoms or the level of functioning. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate activation of monocytes in FEP and strengthens the idea of an immune dysfunction of psychotic disorders. Further studies are required to perceive a role of YKL-40 and MCP-1 in the initiation and progression of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Orhan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Schwieler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Fatouros-Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Malmqvist
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Collste
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Flyckt
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - F Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - G Engberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Erhardt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Varnäs K, Cselényi Z, Jucaite A, Halldin C, Svenningsson P, Farde L, Varrone A. PET imaging of [ 11C]PBR28 in Parkinson's disease patients does not indicate increased binding to TSPO despite reduced dopamine transporter binding. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 46:367-375. [PMID: 30270409 PMCID: PMC6333720 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-018-4161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the hypothesis that cerebral binding to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of microglia activation, is elevated in Parkinson’s disease (PD), and to assess the relationship between brain TSPO binding and dopaminergic pathology in PD. Methods The radioligand [11C]PBR28 was used for quantitative assessment of brain TSPO in 16 control subjects and 16 PD patients. To analyse the relationship between dopaminergic pathology and brain TSPO binding, PET studies of the dopamine transporter (DAT) were undertaken in PD patients using the DAT radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I. The total distribution volume of [11C]PBR28 was quantified in nigrostriatal regions, limbic cortices and thalamus, and the binding potential of [18F]FE-PE2I was quantified in nigrostriatal regions. Results Based on genotype analysis of the TSPO rs6971 polymorphism, 16 subjects (8 control subjects and 8 PD patients) were identified as high-affinity binders, and the remaining subjects were identified as mixed-affinity binders. A two-way ANOVA showed a strong main effect of TSPO genotype on the cerebral binding of [11C]PBR28, whereas no statistically significant main effect of diagnostic group, or a group by genotype interaction was found for any of the regions analysed. [18F]FE-PE2I PET studies in patients indicated a marked reduction in nigrostriatal binding to DAT. However, no correlations between the binding parameters were found for [11C]PBR28 and [18F]FE-PE2I. Conclusion The findings do not support the hypothesis of elevated cerebral TSPO binding or a relationship between TSPO binding and dopaminergic pathology in PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00259-018-4161-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aurelija Jucaite
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Translational Neuropharmacology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, R5:02 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
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Stenkrona P, Matheson GJ, Cervenka S, Sigray PP, Halldin C, Farde L. [ 11C]SCH23390 binding to the D 1-dopamine receptor in the human brain-a comparison of manual and automated methods for image analysis. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:74. [PMID: 30069645 PMCID: PMC6070454 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The D1-dopamine receptor radioligand [11C]SCH23390 has been frequently used in PET studies. In drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia, the findings have been inconsistent, with decreases, increases, and no change in the frontal cortex D1-dopamine receptors. While these discrepancies are likely primarily due to a lack of statistical power in these studies, we speculated that an additional explanation may be the differences due to methods of image analysis between studies, affecting reliability as well as bias between groups. Methods Fifteen healthy subjects underwent two PET measurements with [11C]SCH23390 on the same day. The binding potential (BPND) was compared using a 95% confidence interval following manual and automated delineation of a region of interest (ROI) as well as with and without frame-by-frame realignment. Results Automated target region delineation produced lower BPND values, while automated delineation of the reference region yielded higher BPND values. However, no significant differences were observed for repeatability using automated and manual delineation methods. Frame-by-frame realignment generated higher BPND values and improved repeatability. Conclusions The results suggest that the choice of ROI delineation method is not an important factor for reliability, whereas the improved results following movement correction confirm its importance in PET image analysis. Realignment is therefore especially important for measurements in patient populations such as schizophrenia or Parkinson’s disease, where motion artifacts may be more prevalent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-018-0416-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, R5:02, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, R5:02, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, R5:02, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, R5:02, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, R5:02, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang KC, Takano A, Halldin C, Farde L, Finnema SJ. Serotonin concentration enhancers at clinically relevant doses reduce [ 11C]AZ10419369 binding to the 5-HT 1B receptors in the nonhuman primate brain. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:132. [PMID: 30013068 PMCID: PMC6048172 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin (5-HT) system plays an important role in the pathophysiology and treatment of several major psychiatric disorders. Currently, no suitable positron emission tomography (PET) imaging paradigm is available to assess 5-HT release in the living human brain. [11C]AZ10419369 binds to 5-HT1B receptors and is one of the most 5-HT-sensitive radioligands available. This study applied 5-HT concentration enhancers which can be safely studied in humans, and examined their effect on [11C]AZ10419369 binding at clinically relevant doses, including amphetamine (1 mg/kg), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 1 mg/kg) or 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP; 5 mg/kg). Twenty-six PET measurements (14 for amphetamine, 6 for MDMA and 6 for 5-HTP) using a bolus and constant infusion protocol were performed in four cynomolgus monkeys before or after drug administration. Binding potential (BPND) values were determined with the equilibrium method (integral interval: 63-123 min) using cerebellum as the reference region. BPND values were significantly decreased in several examined brain regions after administration of amphetamine (range: 19-31%), MDMA (16-25%) or 5-HTP (13-31%). Reductions in [11C]AZ10419369 binding were greater in striatum than cortical regions after administration of 5-HTP, while no prominent regional differences were found for amphetamine and MDMA. In conclusion, [11C]AZ10419369 binding is sensitive to changes in 5-HT concentration induced by amphetamine, MDMA or 5-HTP. The robust changes in BPND, following pretreatment drugs administered at clinically relevant doses, indicate that the applied PET imaging paradigms hold promise to be successfully used in future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Yang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Vishwanathan K, Varrone A, Varnas K, Jucaite A, Cselenyi Z, Johnstrom P, Schou M, Vasquez-Romero A, Moein MM, Halldin C, Brown AP, Farde L. Abstract CT013: Osimertinib displays high brain exposure in healthy subjects with intact blood-brain barrier: a microdose positron emission tomography (PET) study with 11C-labelled osimertinib. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-ct013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction. Osimertinib is a third generation, CNS active, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) used for treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic T790M mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Osimertinib has shown efficacy superior to that of EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib and gefitinib) in the first-line treatment of EGFR mutation-positive advanced NSCLC and with reduced risk of CNS progression (Soria et al 2017). Furthermore, rapid osimertinib response on brain metastases has been reported (Koba et al 2017). Preliminary examination in non-human primates using 11C-labeled osimertinib indicates penetration of the intact blood brain barrier (BBB) and a high brain exposure compared to other EGFR-TKI agents, which may potentially contribute to improved efficacy in patients with brain metastases compared to other TKIs (Ballard et al 2016).
Aim. The aim of this positron emission tomography (PET) study was to measure the brain exposure of [11C]osimertinib administered intravenously in healthy volunteers with an intact BBB.
Methods. Eight male healthy volunteers (age 52±8 years) were examined for ~90 minutes with PET after single intravenous microdose of [11C]osimertinib. Concentration of [11C]osimertinib was also measured in arterial and venous blood and plasma. Brain MRI was acquired and used for co-registration of the PET data and automatic delineation of regions of interest in the brain. PK parameters Cmax (brain), Tmax (brain) and AUC0-90 min brain/blood ratio were calculated.
Results. In all healthy volunteers, [11C]osimertinib distributed to the brain rapidly, with mean Tmax=13 min (range 5-30 min), Cmax= 1.4±0.3 SUV (range 1-1.8) corresponding to 2.2±0.2% of injected radioactivity and AUC0-90 min brain/blood ratio=3.8±0.3 (range 3.3-4.1). [11C]Osimertinib was distributed in all regions of the brain with uptake being highest in putamen followed by thalamus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex, caudate, cerebellum and white matter.
Conclusions. This study indicates that [11C]osimertinib has a good brain exposure in human subjects with intact BBB and may potentially contribute to the efficacy of treatment with osimertinib. In NSCLC, patients with brain metastasis may benefit from treatment with osimertinib due to favorable brain exposure of the drug. Future studies in patients with NSCLC are required to examine uptake and kinetic properties of [11C]osimertinib in brain metastases. References: Ballard P, Yates JW, Yang Z, Kim DW, Yang JC et al. Preclinical Comparison of Osimertinib with Other EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC Brain Metastases Models, and Early Evidence of Clinical Brain Metastases Activity. Clin Cancer Res. 2016 Oct 15;22(20):5130-5140. Koba T, Kijima T, Takimoto T, Hirata H, Naito Y et al. Rapid intracranial response to osimertinib, without radiotherapy, in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients harboring the EGFR T790M mutation: Two Case Reports. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Feb;96(6):e6087. Soria JC, Ohe Y, Vansteenkiste J, Reungwetwattana T, Chewaskulyong B et al.; FLAURA Investigators. Osimertinib in Untreated EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 18
Citation Format: Karthick Vishwanathan, Andrea Varrone, Katarina Varnas, Aurelija Jucaite, Zsolt Cselenyi, Peter Johnstrom, Magnus Schou, Ana Vasquez-Romero, Mohammed Mahdi Moein, Christer Halldin, Andrew P. Brown, Lars Farde. Osimertinib displays high brain exposure in healthy subjects with intact blood-brain barrier: a microdose positron emission tomography (PET) study with 11C-labelled osimertinib [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aurelija Jucaite
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselenyi
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnstrom
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars Farde
- 3AZ PET science center, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
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Farde L, Plavén-Sigray P, Borg J, Cervenka S. Brain neuroreceptor density and personality traits: towards dimensional biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170156. [PMID: 29483342 PMCID: PMC5832682 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography has, for 30 years, been used in numerous case-control studies searching for hypothesized differences in the density of neuroreceptor or transporter proteins in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. In most cases, the results have not been conclusive. One reason could be the sizeable interindividual variability in biochemical markers, which in twin studies have shown to emanate from both environmental and genetic factors, leading to low statistical power for the detection of group effects. On the other hand, the same interindividual variability has served as an opportunity for correlative studies on the biological underpinning of behaviour. Using this approach, a series of studies has linked markers for the dopamine and serotonin system to personality traits associated with psychiatric conditions. Based on increasing evidence for the view that many psychopathological states represent extremes of a continuum rather than distinct categories, this research strategy may lead to new biological insights about the vulnerability to and pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Precision Medicine and Genomics, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline Borg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Varnäs K, Juréus A, Finnema SJ, Johnström P, Raboisson P, Amini N, Takano A, Stepanov V, Halldin C, Farde L. The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 radioligand [ 11C]AZD9272 identifies unique binding sites in primate brain. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:455-463. [PMID: 29608920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is a target for drug development and for imaging studies of the glutamate system in neurological and psychiatric disorders. [11C]AZD9272 is a selective mGluR5 PET radioligand that is structurally different from hitherto applied mGluR5 radioligands. In the present investigation we compared the binding patterns of radiolabeled AZD9272 and other mGluR5 radioligands in the non-human primate (NHP) brain. PET studies were undertaken using [11C]AZD9272 and the commonly applied mGluR5 radioligand [11C]ABP688. Autoradiography studies were performed in vitro using [3H]AZD9272 and the standard mGluR5 radioligands [3H]M-MTEP and [3H]ABP688 in NHP tissue. Competition binding studies were undertaken in vivo and in vitro using different mGluR5 selective compounds as inhibitors. In comparison to other mGluR5 radioligands radiolabeled AZD9272 displayed a distinct regional distribution pattern with high binding in ventral striatum, midbrain, thalamus and cerebellum. While the binding of [11C]AZD9272 was almost completely inhibited by the structurally unique mGluR5 compound fenobam (2.0 mg/kg; 98% occupancy), it was only partially inhibited (46% and 20%, respectively) by the mGluR5 selective compounds ABP688 and MTEP, at a dose (2.0 mg/kg) expected to saturate the mGluR5. Autoradiography studies using [3H]AZD9272 confirmed a distinct pharmacologic profile characterized by preferential sensitivity to fenobam. The distinctive binding in ventral striato-pallido-thalamic circuits and shared pharmacologic profile with the pro-psychotic compound fenobam warrants further examination of [11C]AZD9272 for potential application in psychiatric neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Johnström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; PET Science Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Plavén-Sigray P, Matheson GJ, Gustavsson P, Stenkrona P, Halldin C, Farde L, Cervenka S. Is dopamine D1 receptor availability related to social behavior? A positron emission tomography replication study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193770. [PMID: 29543812 PMCID: PMC5854259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between dopamine receptor levels and pro- and antisocial behavior have previously been demonstrated in human subjects using positron emission tomography (PET) and self-rated measures of personality traits. So far, only one study has focused on the dopamine D1-receptor (D1-R), finding a positive correlation with the trait social desirability, which is characterized by low dominant and high affiliative behavior, while physical aggression showed a negative correlation. The aim of the present study was to replicate these previous findings using a new independent sample of subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-six healthy males were examined with the radioligand [11C]SCH-23390, and completed the Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) which includes measures of social desirability and physical trait aggression. The simplified reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region was used to calculate BPND values in the whole striatum and limbic striatum. The two regions were selected since they showed strong association between D1-R availability and personality scores in the previous study. Pearson's correlation coefficients and replication Bayes factors were then employed to assess the replicability and robustness of previous results. RESULTS There were no significant correlations (all p values > 0.3) between regional BPND values and personality scale scores. Replication Bayes factors showed strong to moderate evidence in favor no relationship between D1-receptor availability and social desirability (striatum BF01 = 12.4; limbic striatum BF01 = 7.2) or physical aggression scale scores (limbic striatum BF01 = 3.3), compared to the original correlations. DISCUSSION We could not replicate the previous findings of associations between D1-R availability and either pro- or antisocial behavior as measured using the SSP. Rather, there was evidence in favor of failed replications of associations between BPND and scale scores. Potential reasons for these results are restrictive variance in both PET and personality outcomes due to high sample homogeneity, or that the previous findings were false positives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Granville James Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Gustavsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE, Stockholm, Sweden
- PET imaging Centre, Precision Medicine and Genomics, IMED Biotech unit, AstraZeneca, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE, Stockholm, Sweden
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Benlloch JM, González AJ, Pani R, Preziosi E, Jackson C, Murphy J, Barberá J, Correcher C, Aussenhofer S, Gareis D, Visvikis D, Bert J, Langstrom B, Farde L, Toth M, Haggkvist J, Caixeta FV, Kullander K, Somlai-Schweiger I, Schwaiger M. The MINDVIEW project: First results. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 50:21-27. [PMID: 29398564 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first results of the MINDVIEW project. An innovative imaging system for the human brain examination, allowing simultaneous acquisition of PET/MRI images, has been designed and constructed. It consists of a high sensitivity and high resolution PET scanner integrated in a novel, head-dedicated, radio frequency coil for a 3T MRI scanner. Preliminary measurements from the PET scanner show sensitivity 3 times higher than state-of-the-art PET systems that will allow safe repeated studies on the same patient. The achieved spatial resolution, close to 1 mm, will enable differentiation of relevant brain structures for schizophrenia. A cost-effective and simple method of radiopharmaceutical production from 11C-carbon monoxide and a mini-clean room has been demonstrated. It has been shown that 11C-raclopride has higher binding potential in a new VAAT null mutant mouse model of schizophrenia compared to wild type control animals. A significant reduction in TSPO binding has been found in gray matter in a small sample of drug-naïve, first episode psychosis patients, suggesting a reduced number or an altered function of immune cells in brain at early stage schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Benlloch
- Institute for Instrumentation in Molecular Imaging (I3 M), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio J González
- Institute for Instrumentation in Molecular Imaging (I3 M), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Preziosi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dimitris Visvikis
- INSERM, UMR1101, LaTIM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Julien Bert
- INSERM, UMR1101, LaTIM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | | | - Lars Farde
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Precision Medicine & Genomics, AstraZeneca, PET Science Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklos Toth
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Haggkvist
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio V Caixeta
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klas Kullander
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Technische Universität München, Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Munich, Germany
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Venzi M, Tóth M, Häggkvist J, Bogstedt A, Rachalski A, Mattsson A, Frumento P, Farde L. Differential Effect of APOE Alleles on Brain Glucose Metabolism in Targeted Replacement Mice: An [ 18F]FDG-μPET Study. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2017; 1:169-180. [PMID: 30480236 PMCID: PMC6159693 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) alleles ɛ2, ɛ3, and ɛ4 are known to differentially modulate cerebral glucose metabolism and the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via both amyloid-β (Aβ)-dependent and independent mechanisms. Objective: We investigated the influence of ApoE on cerebral glucose metabolism in humanized APOE Targeted Replacement (TR) mice at ages that precede the comparison of Aβ parenchymal deposits in APOE4-TR mice. Methods: Fludeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) measures were performed longitudinally in homozygous APOE-TR mice (APOE2, APOE3, APOE4; n = 10 for each group) at 3, 5, 11, and 15 months. Results were quantified using standard uptake values and analyzed statistically using a linear mixed effects model. Levels of the Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides were quantified ex vivo using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at 15 months in the same animals. Results: APOE2 mice (versus APOE3) showed a significant increase in glucose metabolism starting at 6 months, peaking at 9 months. No evidence of hypometabolism was apparent in any region or time point for APOE4 mice, which instead displayed a hypermetabolism at 15 months. Whole brain soluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels were not significantly different between genotypes at 15 months. Conclusions: Introduction of human APOE alleles ɛ2 and ɛ4 is sufficient to produce alterations in brain glucose metabolism in comparison to the control allele ɛ3, without a concomitant alteration in Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels. These results suggest novel Aβ-independent metabolic phenotypes conferred by ɛ2 and ɛ4 alleles and have important implications for preclinical studies using TR-mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Venzi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Häggkvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Bogstedt
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Adeline Rachalski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Anna Mattsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Frumento
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Lindberg A, Nag S, Schou M, Takano A, Matsumoto J, Amini N, Elmore CS, Farde L, Pike VW, Halldin C. [ 11C]AZ10419096 - a full antagonist PET radioligand for imaging brain 5-HT 1B receptors. Nucl Med Biol 2017; 54:34-40. [PMID: 28950161 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The serotonergic system is widely present in all regions of the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a key modulatory role in many of its functions. Positron emission tomography (PET) is used to study several serotonin receptors in CNS in vivo. The G-protein coupled receptor 5-HT1B is mostly present in the occipital cortex and in midbrain and is linked to several psychiatric disorders. There is evidence that agonist PET radioligands for neuroreceptors are more sensitive to endogenous neurotransmitters than antagonists. Our previously developed 5-HT1B receptor PET radioligand, [11C]AZ10419369, is now considered a partial agonist. In this work we are aiming to develop a full antagonist PET radioligand for imaging brain 5-HT1B receptors, and evaluate its sensitivity to increased endogenous serotonin concentration. MATERIALS [11C]AZ10419096 was synthesized by rapid methylation of the prepared corresponding N-desmethyl precursor with [11C]methyl triflate. Five PET measurements were performed in cynomolgus monkeys, consisting of two at baseline, one after treatment of a monkey with a 5-HT1B antagonist, AR-A000002, and two in which fenfluramine was administered during scanning to induce endogenous serotonin release. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION [11C]AZ10419096 was synthesized in high yield and purity within 30 min, including purification, formulation and sterile filtration. The baseline PET measurements demonstrated [11C]AZ10419096 to have favorable radioligand characteristics, including high specific binding in brain regions that have high 5-HT1B density, such as occipital cortex and globus pallidus, as well as subsequent rapid elimination from brain and a minor abundance of lipophilic radiometabolites in plasma. AR-A00002 completely blocked radioligand receptor-specific binding. Fenfluramine produced a distinct displacement of radioligand consistent with an expected increase of synaptic endogenous serotonin concentration. CONCLUSIONS [11C]AZ10419096, a full 5-HT1B antagonist PET radioligand, demonstrates high specific binding in monkey brain that is sensitive to competition from a known 5-HT1B antagonist as well as to putatively increased endogenous serotonin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Schou
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; AstraZeneca, Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Centre, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Isotope chemistry, Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; AstraZeneca, Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Centre, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Matheson GJ, Plavén-Sigray P, Forsberg A, Varrone A, Farde L, Cervenka S. Assessment of simplified ratio-based approaches for quantification of PET [ 11C]PBR28 data. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:58. [PMID: 28733954 PMCID: PMC5520824 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Kinetic modelling with metabolite-corrected arterial plasma is considered the gold standard for quantification of [11C]PBR28 binding to the translocator protein (TSPO), since there is no brain region devoid of TSPO that can serve as reference. The high variability in binding observed using this method has motivated the use of simplified ratio-based approaches such as standardised uptake value ratios (SUVRs) and distribution volume (VT) ratios (DVRs); however, the reliability of these measures and their relationship to VT have not been sufficiently evaluated. Methods Data from a previously published [11C]PBR28 test-retest study in 12 healthy subjects were reanalysed. VT was estimated using a two-tissue compartment model. SUVR and DVR values for the frontal cortex were calculated using the whole brain and cerebellum as denominators. Test-retest reliability was assessed for all measures. Interregional correlations were performed for SUV and VT, and principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Lastly, correlations between ratio-based outcomes and VT were assessed. Results Reliability was high for VT, moderate to high for SUV and SUVR, and poor for DVR. Very high interregional correlations were observed for both VT and SUV (all R2 > 85%). The PCA showed that almost all variance (>98%) was explained by a single component. Ratio-based methods correlated poorly with VT (all R2 < 34%, divided by genotype). Conclusions The reliability was good for SUVR, but poor for DVR. Both outcomes showed little to no association with VT, questioning their validity. The high interregional correlations for VT and SUV suggest that after dividing by a denominator region, most of the biologically relevant signal is lost. These observations imply that results from TSPO PET studies using SUVR or DVR estimates should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Granville J Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Forsberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.,Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:00, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Johnström P, Gutierrez PM, Varnäs K, Schou M, Takano A, Jones L, Mugundu G, McCoon P, Lyne P, Infante J, Falchook G, Patel M, Karlix J, Merchant M, Clarke J, Cross A, Seneca N, Farde L, Congreve M, Mason JS, Marshall FH. Abstract 2641: AZD4635 A2A receptor occupancy in cynomolgus monkey using PET and its application to an oncology clinical development program. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-2641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
AZD4635 is an A2A receptor antagonist currently being tested as monotherapy and in combination with durvalumab in patients with advanced solid cancers. High adenosine levels found in tumors are immune suppressive and therefore AZD4635 could potentiate immune checkpoint inhibitors such as durvalumab (anti-PDL1). Predictions of A2A receptor engagement in patients at different doses and at different time points may enable better interpretation of clinical biomarker data measuring effects on immune modulation. A quantitative assessment of the receptor occupancy in the brain of non-human primates was conducted for AZD4635 with PET imaging and the resulting PK/PD model was applied to predict occupancy in humans in tumors.
Methods
PET measurements of A2AR occupancy in brain was performed using the radioligand [18F]MNI-444 in three anesthetized cynomologus monkeys. PET data acquisition was performed for 120 min following IV-administration of [18F]MNI-444 at baseline and following pretreatment of AZD4635. Sampling for AZD4635 plasma exposure determination was performed. As part of PK/PD analysis of the occupancy data, a novel modification of the non Invasive-LOGAN data analysis of the PET data was performed to obtain a time course of occupancy for each dose. A bio-phase PK/PD mathematical model was then used to describe the relationship of occupancy with circulating concentrations of AZD4635. In parallel, a PK model for AZD4635 in humans was developed using data from cohort 1 (Clinical trial NCT02740985) after 125 mg and used for PK predictions for alternative doses of AZD4635 in the clinic.
Results
A clear Exposure-Effect relationship was observed for AZD4635-driven A2AR occupancy in cyno brain when dosed 30 min prior to PET measurement. The PK/PD analysis of cyno PET-determined receptor occupancy provided an Occ50 that is in line with the in vitro potency for the compound under physiological concentrations of adenosine in the brain. The resulting PK/PD model has then been applied to predict the level of occupancy in human tumours at other clinically relevant doses. Different simulations were done varying the amount of endogenous adenosine levels.
Conclusions
AZD4635 was shown to occupy A2AR in cyno brain in an exposure dependent manner. The resulting PK/PD model built using this dataset was used to run simulations of expected tumor receptor occupancy in man and aid clinical dose selection for AZD4635. Sensitivity analysis has shown that prediction of human occupancy in the tumour is highly dependent on adenosine concentrations in the tumour. Simulations with tumor adenosine concentrations of 1 μM indicate that AZD4635 is predicted to provide ~90% receptor occupancy over the whole dosing interval at a clinically relevant dose.
Citation Format: Peter Johnström, Pablo Morentin Gutierrez, Katarina Varnäs, Magnus Schou, Akihiro Takano, Lorraine Jones, Ganesh Mugundu, Patricia McCoon, Paul Lyne, Jeffrey Infante, Gerald Falchook, Manish Patel, Janet Karlix, Melinda Merchant, James Clarke, Alan Cross, Nicholas Seneca, Lars Farde, Miles Congreve, Jon S. Mason, Fiona H. Marshall. AZD4635 A2A receptor occupancy in cynomolgus monkey using PET and its application to an oncology clinical development program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2641. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2641
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Yang KC, Stepanov V, Martinsson S, Ettrup A, Takano A, Knudsen GM, Halldin C, Farde L, Finnema SJ. Fenfluramine Reduces [11C]Cimbi-36 Binding to the 5-HT2A Receptor in the Nonhuman Primate Brain. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2017; 20:683-691. [PMID: 28911007 PMCID: PMC5581490 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [11C]Cimbi-36 is a serotonin 2A receptor agonist positron emission tomography radioligand that has recently been examined in humans. The binding of agonist radioligand is expected to be more sensitive to endogenous neurotransmitter concentrations than antagonist radioligands. In the current study, we compared the effect of serotonin releaser fenfluramine on the binding of [11C]Cimbi-36, [11C]MDL 100907 (a serotonin 2A receptor antagonist radioligand), and [11C]AZ10419369 (a serotonin 1B receptor partial agonist radioligand with established serotonin sensitivity) in the monkey brain. METHODS Eighteen positron emission tomography measurements, 6 for each radioligand, were performed in 3 rhesus monkeys before or after administration of 5.0 mg/kg fenfluramine. Binding potential values were determined with the simplified reference tissue model using cerebellum as the reference region. RESULTS Fenfluramine significantly decreased [11C]Cimbi-36 (26-62%) and [11C]AZ10419369 (35-58%) binding potential values in most regions (P < 0.05). Fenfluramine-induced decreases in [11C]MDL 100907 binding potential were 8% to 30% and statistically significant in 3 regions. Decreases in [11C]Cimbi-36 binding potential were larger than for [11C]AZ10419369 in neocortical and limbic regions (~35%) but smaller in striatum and thalamus (~40%). Decreases in [11C]Cimbi-36 binding potential were 0.9 to 2.8 times larger than for [11C]MDL 100907, and the fraction of serotonin 2A receptor in the high-affinity state was estimated as 54% in the neocortex. CONCLUSIONS The serotonin sensitivity of serotonin 2A receptor agonist radioligand [11C]Cimbi-36 was higher than for antagonist radioligand [11C]MDL 100907. The serotonin sensitivity of [11C]Cimbi-36 was similar to [11C]AZ10419369, which is one of the most sensitive radioligands. [11C]Cimbi-36 is a promising radioligand to examine serotonin release in the primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Yang
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde).,Correspondence: Kai-Chun Yang, MD, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Building R5:02, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden ()
| | - Vladimir Stepanov
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde)
| | - Stefan Martinsson
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde)
| | - Anders Ettrup
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde)
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde)
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde)
| | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde)
| | - Lars Farde
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde)
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatric Research, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Yang and Stepanov, Mr Martinsson, and Drs Takano, Halldin, Farde, and Finnema); Rigshospitalet, Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, Copenhagen, Denmark and University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Ettrup and Knudsen); AstraZeneca, PET Science Center at Karolinska Institutet, Personalized Health Care and Biomarkers, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Farde)
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Matheson GJ, Stenkrona P, Cselényi Z, Plavén-Sigray P, Halldin C, Farde L, Cervenka S. Reliability of volumetric and surface-based normalisation and smoothing techniques for PET analysis of the cortex: A test-retest analysis using [ 11C]SCH-23390. Neuroimage 2017; 155:344-353. [PMID: 28419852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parametric voxelwise analysis is a commonly used tool in neuroimaging, as it allows for identification of regions of effects in the absence of a strong a-priori regional hypothesis by comparing each voxel of the brain independently. Due to the inherent imprecision of single voxel measurements, spatial smoothing is performed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of single-voxel estimates. In addition, smoothing compensates for imprecisions in anatomical registration, and allows for the use of cluster-based statistical thresholding. Smoothing has traditionally been applied in three dimensions, without taking the tissue types of surrounding voxels into account. This procedure may be suitable for subcortical structures, but is problematic for cortical regions for which grey matter often constitutes only a small proportion of the smoothed signal. New methods have been developed for cortical analysis in which voxels are sampled to a surface, and smoothing is restricted to neighbouring regions along the cortical grey matter in two dimensions. This procedure has recently been shown to decrease intersubject variability and bias of PET data. The aim of this study was to compare the variability, bias and test-retest reliability of volumetric and surface-based methods as they are applied in practice. Fifteen healthy young males were each measured twice using the dopamine D1 receptor radioligand [11C]SCH-23390, and analyses were performed at the level of individual voxels and vertices within the cortex. We found that surface-based methods yielded higher BPND values, lower coefficient of variation, less bias, better reliability and more precise estimates of parametric binding. All in all, these results suggest that surface-based methods exhibit superior performance to volumetric approaches for voxelwise analysis of PET data, and we advocate for their use when a ROI-based analysis is not appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Granville J Matheson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Per Stenkrona
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsolt Cselényi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, PET Science Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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