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Formentín P, Marsal LF. Hydrophobic/Oleophilic Structures Based on MacroPorous Silicon: Effect of Topography and Fluoroalkyl Silane Functionalization on Wettability. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:670. [PMID: 33803099 PMCID: PMC7998800 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the morphology and chemical composition of a surface on the wettability of porous silicon structures is analyzed in the present work. Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic macroporous substrates are attractive for different potential applications. Herein, different hydrophobic macroporous silicon structures were fabricated by the chemical etching of p-type silicon wafers in a solution based on hydrofluoric acid and coated with a fluoro silane self-assembled monolayer. The surface morphology of the final substrate was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. The wettability was assessed from contact angle measurements using water and organic solvents that present low surface energy. The experimental data were compared with the classical wetting states theoretical models described in the literature. Perfluoro-silane functionalized macroporous silicon surfaces presented systematically higher contact angles than untreated silicon substrates. The influence of porosity on the surface wettability of macoporous silicon structures has been established. These results suggest that the combination of etching conditions with a surface chemistry modification could lead to hydrophobic/oleophilic or superhydrophobic/oleophobic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluís F. Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
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2
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Domagalski JT, Xifre-Perez E, Tabrizi MA, Ferre-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Magnetic nanoparticle decorated anodic alumina nanotubes for fluorescent detection of cathepsin B. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 584:236-245. [PMID: 33069022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the process to provide anodic alumina nanotubes with magnetic responsivity based on magnetic nanoparticles. We demonstrate the possibility to cause the motion of these composite nanotubes under magnetic field, providing them with guided mobility. The obtained magnetic anodic alumina nanotubes are completely characterized and their potential to undergo selective and effective functionalization, and stimuli-responsive load release is demonstrated. For this purpose, protease-triggered release of fluorescent molecules loaded inside the magnetic anodic alumina nanotubes (MAANTs) by selective functionalization is performed. The inner walls of the MAANTs were selectively covered with protein padding of albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (FITC-BSA) through means of silanization. Protein functionalization was designed to undergo proteolytic hydrolysis in presence of cathepsin B- protease highly expressed during growth and initial stages of tumor metastasis - in order to cleave peptide bond of albumin and release fluorescent fragments of the protein. Proteolytic reaction with the enzyme is performed under acidic conditions. Presented arrangement is an exemplary combination of functionalities - which are vast - and of value for applications like drug delivery and biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Domagalski
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - E Xifre-Perez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M A Tabrizi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - J Ferre-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - L F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Lim SY, Law CS, Bertó-Roselló F, Liu L, Markovic M, Ferré-Borrull J, Abell AD, Voelcker NH, Marsal LF, Santos A. Tailor-engineered plasmonic single-lattices: harnessing localized surface plasmon resonances for visible-NIR light-enhanced photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A platform material composed of 2D gold (Au) nanodot plasmonic single-lattices (Au-nD-PSLs) featuring tailor-engineered geometric features for visible-NIR light-driven enhanced photocatalysis is presented.
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Law CS, Lim SY, Abell AD, Marsal LF, Santos A. Structural tailoring of nanoporous anodic alumina optical microcavities for enhanced resonant recirculation of light. Nanoscale 2018; 10:14139-14152. [PMID: 29999512 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04263b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study about the structural engineering of high quality nanoporous anodic alumina optical microcavities (NAA-μCVs) fabricated by rationally designed anodisation strategies to enhance the light-confining capabilities of these photonic crystal (PC) structures is presented. Two types of NAA-μCV architectures are produced: (i) GIF-NAA-μCVs composed of a cavity layer featuring straight nanopores that is sandwiched between two gradient-index filters (GIFs) with sinusoidally modulated porosity in depth, and (ii) DBR-NAA-μCVs formed by sandwiching a cavity layer with straight nanopores between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), in which the porosity is engineered in a stepwise fashion. The geometric features of GIF-NAA-μCVs and DBR-NAA-μCVs are engineered and optimised through a systematic modification of the anodisation parameters (i.e. cavity anodisation time, cavity anodisation current density, anodisation period and number of anodisation pulses, and pore widening time). This methodology enables fine-tuning of the optical properties of GIF-NAA-μCVs and DBR-NAA-μCVs, such as quality factor and position and width of resonance band, to generate NAA-μCVs with unprecedented quality factors (i.e. 170 ± 8 and 206 ± 10 for the first and second order resonance bands - threefold and fourfold quality enhancement as compared to previous studies). Our results demonstrate that an optimal design of the geometric features and the nanoporous architecture of NAA-μCVs can significantly enhance resonant recirculation of light within these PC structures, creating new opportunities to develop ultrasensitive optical platforms, highly selective optical filters, and other photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siew Yee Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric, and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia. and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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Pla L, Xifré-Pérez E, Ribes À, Aznar E, Marcos MD, Marsal LF, Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F. Back Cover: A Mycoplasma
Genomic DNA Probe using Gated Nanoporous Anodic Alumina (ChemPlusChem 3/2017). Chempluschem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pla
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática; Universidad Rovira i Virgili; Avda. Paissos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Àngela Ribes
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Elena Aznar
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - M. Dolores Marcos
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Lluís F. Marsal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática; Universidad Rovira i Virgili; Avda. Paissos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
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Pla L, Xifré-Pérez E, Ribes À, Aznar E, Marcos MD, Marsal LF, Martínez-Máñez R, Sancenón F. A Mycoplasma
Genomic DNA Probe using Gated Nanoporous Anodic Alumina. Chempluschem 2017; 82:337-341. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pla
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática; Universidad Rovira i Virgili; Avda. Paissos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Àngela Ribes
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Elena Aznar
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - M. Dolores Marcos
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Lluís F. Marsal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática; Universidad Rovira i Virgili; Avda. Paissos Catalans 26 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Camino de Vera s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular; y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM); Universitat Politécnica de Valencia; Universitat de Valencia; Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)
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Fernández-Castillejo S, Formentín P, Catalán Ú, Pallarès J, Marsal LF, Solà R. Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:675-681. [PMID: 28462069 PMCID: PMC5372752 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Micro- and nanoscale substrates have been fabricated in order to study the influence of the topography on the cellular response. The aim of this work was to prepare different collagen-coated silicon substrates displaying grooves and ridges to mimic the aligned and elongated endothelium found in linear vessels, and to use them as substrates to study cell growth and behaviour. Results: The influence of groove-shaped substrates on cell adhesion, morphology and proliferation were assessed, by comparing them to flat silicon substrates, used as control condition. Using human aortic endothelial cells, microscopy images demonstrate that the cellular response is different depending on the silicon surface, when it comes to cell adhesion, morphology (alignment, circularity and filopodia presence) and proliferation. Moreover, these structures exerted no cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: The results suggest that topographical patterning influences cell response. Silicon groove substrates can be used in developing medical devices with microscale features to mimic the endothelium in lineal vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
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Ribes À, Xifré -Pérez E, Aznar E, Sancenón F, Pardo T, Marsal LF, Martínez-Máñez R. Molecular gated nanoporous anodic alumina for the detection of cocaine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38649. [PMID: 27924950 PMCID: PMC5141502 DOI: 10.1038/srep38649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present herein the use of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) as a suitable support to implement "molecular gates" for sensing applications. In our design, a NAA support is loaded with a fluorescent reporter (rhodamine B) and functionalized with a short single-stranded DNA. Then pores are blocked by the subsequent hybridisation of a specific cocaine aptamer. The response of the gated material was studied in aqueous solution. In a typical experiment, the support was immersed in hybridisation buffer solution in the absence or presence of cocaine. At certain times, the release of rhodamine B from pore voids was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy. The capped NAA support showed poor cargo delivery, but presence of cocaine in the solution selectively induced rhodamine B release. By this simple procedure a limit of detection as low as 5 × 10-7 M was calculated for cocaine. The gated NAA was successfully applied to detect cocaine in saliva samples and the possible re-use of the nanostructures was assessed. Based on these results, we believe that NAA could be a suitable support to prepare optical gated probes with a synergic combination of the favourable features of selected gated sensing systems and NAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Ribes
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Elisabet Xifré -Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elena Aznar
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Teresa Pardo
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
| | - Lluís F. Marsal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ramόn Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaciόn de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnolόgico (IDM). Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicína (CIBER-BBN)
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Pérez-Barrado E, Marsal LF, Aguiló M, Cesteros Y, Díaz F, Pallarès J, Cucinotta F, Marchese L, Pujol MC, Salagre P. Thiol-capped CdTe quantum dots hosted in saponites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21225e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Facile synthesis of composite luminescent materials based on CdTe quantum dots hosted in saponites.
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Alba M, Delalat B, Formentín P, Rogers ML, Marsal LF, Voelcker NH. Silica Nanopills for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery. Small 2015; 11:4626-4631. [PMID: 26097092 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional SiO2 microtubes for targeted drug delivery are produced with precise control over shape and size by combining lithography and electrochemical etching. The hollow core is loaded with a lipophilic anticancer drug generating nanopills and an antibody is conjugated to the external surface for cancer cell targeting. Results demonstrate selective killing of neuroblastoma cells that express the cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria ElectrònicaElèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Bahman Delalat
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d'Enginyeria ElectrònicaElèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Mary-Louise Rogers
- Department of Human Physiology, Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria ElectrònicaElèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Mawson Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5001, Australia
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Formentín P, Catalán Ú, Fernández-Castillejo S, Alba M, Baranowska M, Solà R, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Human aortic endothelial cell morphology influenced by topography of porous silicon substrates. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:398-408. [PMID: 26017716 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215588414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon has received much attention because of its optical properties and for its usefulness in cell-based biosensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering applications. Surface properties of the biomaterial are associated with cell adhesion and with proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The present article analyzes the behavior of human aortic endothelial cells in macro- and nanoporous collagen-modified porous silicon samples. On both substrates, cells are well adhered and numerous. Confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the effects of porosity on the morphology of the cells. On macroporous silicon, filopodia is not observed but the cell spreads on the surface, increasing the lamellipodia surface which penetrates the macropore. On nanoporous silicon, multiple filopodia were found to branch out from the cell body. These results demonstrate that the pore size plays a key role in controlling the morphology and growth rate of human aortic endothelial cells, and that these forms of silicon can be used to control cell development in tissue engineering as well as in basic cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Formentín
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Malgorzata Baranowska
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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12
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Baranowska M, Slota AJ, Eravuchira PJ, Alba M, Formentin P, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Protein attachment to silane-functionalized porous silicon: A comparison of electrostatic and covalent attachment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 452:180-189. [PMID: 25942096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) is a prosperous biomaterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Obtaining regularly functionalized pSi surfaces is required in many biotechnology applications. Silane-PEG-NHS (triethoxysilane-polyethylene-glycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide) is useful for single-molecule studies due to its ability to attach to only one biomolecule. We investigate the functionalization of pSi with silane-PEG-NHS and compare it with two common grafting agents: APTMS (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane) as electrostatic linker, and APTMS modified with glutaraldehyde as covalent spacer. We show the arrangement of two proteins (collagen and bovine serum albumin) as a function of the functionalization and of the pore size. FTIR is used to demonstrate correct functionalization while fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that silane-PEG-NHS results in a more uniform protein distribution. Reflection interference spectroscopy (RIfS) is used to estimate the attachment of linker and proteins. The results open a way to obtain homogenous chemical modified silicon supports with a great value in biosensing, drug delivery and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Baranowska
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Agata J Slota
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pinkie J Eravuchira
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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13
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Abstract
In the last decade, some low-cost nanofabrication technologies used in several disciplines of nanotechnology have demonstrated promising results in terms of versatility and scalability for producing innovative nanostructures. While conventional nanofabrication technologies such as photolithography are and will be an important part of nanofabrication, some low-cost nanofabrication technologies have demonstrated outstanding capabilities for large-scale production, providing high throughputs with acceptable resolution and broad versatility. Some of these nanotechnological approaches are reviewed in this article, providing information about the fundamentals, limitations and potential future developments towards nanofabrication processes capable of producing a broad range of nanostructures. Furthermore, in many cases, these low-cost nanofabrication approaches can be combined with traditional nanofabrication technologies. This combination is considered a promising way of generating innovative nanostructures suitable for a broad range of applications such as in opto-electronics, nano-electronics, photonics, sensing, biotechnology or medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, N. Engineering Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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14
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Formentín P, Alba M, Catalán Ú, Fernández-Castillejo S, Pallarès J, Solà R, Marsal LF. Effects of macro- versus nanoporous silicon substrates on human aortic endothelial cell behavior. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:421. [PMID: 25246859 PMCID: PMC4158340 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human aortic endothelial cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, which is a common, progressive, and multifactorial disease that is the clinical endpoint of an inflammatory process and endothelial dysfunction. Study and development of new therapies against cardiovascular disease must be tested in vitro cell models, prior to be evaluated in vivo. To this aim, new cell culture platforms are developed that allow cells to grow and respond to their environment in a realistic manner. In this work, the cell adhesion and morphology of endothelial cells are investigated on functionalized porous silicon substrates with two different pore size configurations: macroporous and nanoporous silicon. Herein, we modified the surfaces of porous silicon substrates by aminopropyl triethoxysilane, and we studied how different pore geometries induced different cellular response in the cell morphology and adhesion. The cell growth over the surface of porous silicon becomes an attractive field, especially for medical applications. Surface properties of the biomaterial are associated with cell adhesion and as well as, with proliferation, migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Formentín
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica I Autómatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - María Alba
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica I Autómatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Tarragona 43201, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Tarragona 43201, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica I Autómatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Rosà Solà
- Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, Tarragona 43201, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems, Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica I Autómatica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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15
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Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. pH-responsive drug delivery system based on hollow silicon dioxide micropillars coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:411. [PMID: 25221455 PMCID: PMC4151279 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer-coated hollow silicon dioxide micropillars as pH-responsive drug delivery systems. Silicon dioxide micropillars are based on macroporous silicon formed by electrochemical etching. Due to their hollow core capable of being loaded with chemically active agents, silicon dioxide micropillars provide additional function such as drug delivery system. The polyelectrolyte multilayer was assembled by the layer-by-layer technique based on the alternative deposition of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolyte pair poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) exhibited pH-responsive properties for the loading and release of a positively charged drug doxorubicin. The drug release rate was observed to be higher at pH 5.2 compared to that at pH 7.4. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of the number of polyelectrolyte bilayers on the drug release loading and release rate. Thus, this hybrid composite could be potentially applicable as a pH-controlled system for localized drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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16
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Hernández-Eguía LP, Ferré-Borrull J, Macias G, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Engineering optical properties of gold-coated nanoporous anodic alumina for biosensing. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:414. [PMID: 25177224 PMCID: PMC4146444 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect in the Fabry-Pérot optical interferences of nanoporous anodic alumina films coated with gold is studied as a function of the porosity and of the gold thickness by means of reflectance spectroscopy. Samples with porosities between 14 and 70% and gold thicknesses (10 and 20 nm) were considered. The sputtering of gold on the nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) films results in an increase of the fringe intensity of the oscillations in the spectra resulting from Fabry-Pérot interferences in the porous layer, with a reduction in the maximum reflectance in the UV-visible region. For the thicker gold layer, sharp valleys appear in the near-infrared (IR) range that can be useful for accurate spectral shift measurements in optical biosensing. A theoretical model for the optical behavior has also been proposed. The model shows a very good agreement with the experimental measurements, what makes it useful for design and optimization of devices based on this material. This material capability is enormous for using it as an accurate and sensitive optical sensor, since gold owns a well-known surface chemistry with certain molecules, most of them biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Hernández-Eguía
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Macias
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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17
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Kumeria T, Rahman MM, Santos A, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF, Losic D. Nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters for sensing of ionic mercury: toward environmental point-of-analysis systems. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:12971-12978. [PMID: 25003595 DOI: 10.1021/am502882d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an ultrasensitive, cost-competitive, and portable optical sensing system for detecting ionic mercury in environmental water. This analytical system combines structurally engineered and chemically modified nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters (NAA-RFs) with reflection spectroscopy (RfS). The sensing performance of the proposed system is assessed through several tests, establishing its sensing performance (i.e., linear working range from 1 to 100 μM of Hg(2+), low limit of detection 1 μM of Hg(2+) ions (i.e., 200 ppb), and sensitivity of 0.072 nm μM(-1)), chemical selectivity (i.e., exposure to different metal ions Co(2+), Mg(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Fe(3+), Ca(2+), Cr(6+), and Ag(+)) and metal ions binding mechanism (i.e., fitting to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models). Furthermore, the detection of Hg(2+) ions in tap and environmental water (River Torrens) is successfully carried out, demonstrating the suitability of this system for developing environmental point-of-analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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18
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Baranowska M, Slota AJ, Eravuchira PJ, Macias G, Xifré-Pérez E, Pallares J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Protein attachment to nanoporous anodic alumina for biotechnological applications: influence of pore size, protein size and functionalization path. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:375-383. [PMID: 25086305 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) is a material with great interest in nanotechnology and with promising applications to biotechnology. Obtaining specific and regularly functionalized NAA surfaces is essential to obtain meaningful results and applications. Silane-PEG-NHS (triethoxysilane-polyethylene-glycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide) is a covalent linker commonly used for single-molecule studies. We investigate the functionalization of NAA with silane-PEG-NHS and compared with two common, but not single-molecule, grafting agents, APTMS (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane) as an electrostatic linker, and APTMS-GTA (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane-glutaraldehyde) as covalent. Another outcome of this study is to show how two proteins (collagen and bovine serum albumin, BSA) with different properties differentially arrange for different functionalizations and NAA pore sizes. FTIR is used to demonstrate the surface modification steps and fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that silane-PEG-NHS results in a more homogeneous protein distribution in comparison to the other linkers. Reflection interference Fourier transform spectroscopy confirms the confocal fluorescence microscopy results and permits to estimate the amounts of linker and linked proteins within the pores. These results permit to obtain uniformly chemical modified NAA supports with a great value in biosensing, drug delivery and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Baranowska
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Agata J Slota
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pinkie J Eravuchira
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Macias
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallares
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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19
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Kumeria T, Rahman MM, Santos A, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF, Losic D. Structural and optical nanoengineering of nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters for real-time and label-free biosensing applications. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1837-44. [PMID: 24417182 DOI: 10.1021/ac500069f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report about the structural engineering and optical optimization of nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters (NAA-RFs) for real-time and label-free biosensing applications. Structurally engineered NAA-RFs are combined with reflection spectroscopy (RfS) in order to develop a biosensing system based on the position shift of the characteristic peak in the reflection spectrum of NAA-RFs (Δλpeak). This system is optimized and assessed by measuring shifts in the characteristic peak position produced by small changes in the effective medium (i.e., refractive index). To this end, NAA-RFs are filled with different solutions of d-glucose, and the Δλpeak is measured in real time by RfS. These results are validated by a theoretical model (i.e., the Looyenga-Landau-Lifshitz model), demonstrating that the control over the nanoporous structure makes it possible to optimize optical signals in RfS for sensing purposes. The linear range of these optical sensors ranges from 0.01 to 1.00 M, with a low detection limit of 0.01 M of d-glucose (i.e., 1.80 ppm), a sensitivity of 4.93 nm M(-1) (i.e., 164 nm per refractive index units), and a linearity of 0.998. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the proposed system combining NAA-RFs with RfS has outstanding capabilities to develop ultrasensitive, portable, and cost-competitive optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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20
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Macias G, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. 1-D nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters by means of small current variations for real-time sensing applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:315. [PMID: 25024680 PMCID: PMC4082282 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A rugate filter based on nanoporous anodic alumina was fabricated using an innovative sinusoidal current profile with small current variation. The resulting structure consisted of highly parallel pores with modulations of the pore diameter along the pore axis and with no branching. The effect of the period time and the pore widening post-treatment was studied. From reflectance measurements, it was seen that the position of the reflection band can be tuned by adjusting the period time and the width by pore-widening post-treatments. We tested one of the rugate filters by infiltrating the structure with EtOH and water in order to evaluate its sensing capabilities. This method allows the fabrication of complex in-depth modulated nanoporous anodic alumina structures that open up the possibility of new kinds of alumina-based optical sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Macias
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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21
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Ferré-Borrull J, Rahman MM, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tuning nanoporous anodic alumina distributed-Bragg reflectors with the number of anodization cycles and the anodization temperature. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:416. [PMID: 25177225 PMCID: PMC4147935 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the anodization temperature and of the number of applied voltage cycles on the photonic properties of nanoporous anodic alumina-based distributed-Bragg reflectors obtained by cyclic voltage anodization is analyzed. Furthermore, the possibility of tuning the stop band central wavelength with a pore-widening treatment after anodization and its combined effect with temperature has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic transmittance measurements. The spectra for samples measured right after anodization show irregular stop bands, which become better defined with the pore widening process. The results show that with 50 applied voltage cycles, stop bands are obtained and that increasing the number of cycles contributes to enhancing the photonic stop bands (specially for the case of the as-produced samples) but at the expense of increased scattering losses. The anodization temperature is a crucial factor in the tuning of the photonic stop bands, with a linear rate of 42 nm/°C. The pore widening permits further tuning to reach stop bands with central wavelengths as low as 500 nm. Furthermore, the results also show that applying different anodization temperatures does not have a great influence in the pore-widening rate or in the photonic stop band width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Macias G, Hernández-Eguía LP, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallares J, Marsal LF. Gold-coated ordered nanoporous anodic alumina bilayers for future label-free interferometric biosensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:8093-8. [PMID: 23910449 DOI: 10.1021/am4020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective label-free optical biosensor based on gold-coated self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina bilayers is presented. The structure is formed by two uniform nanoporous layers of different porosity (i.e., a top layer with large pores and a bottom layer with smaller pores). Each layer presents uniform pore size, regular pore distribution, and regular diameter along its pore length. To increase and improve the output sensing signals, a thin gold layer on the top surface was deposited. The gold layer increases the refractive index contrast between the nanoporous alumina layer and the analytical aqueous solution, and it results in a greater contrast in the interferometric spectrum and a higher sensitivity of the structure. From this structurally engineered architecture, the resulting reflectivity spectrum shows a complex series of Fabry-Pérot interference fringes, which was analyzed by the reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS) method. To determine the performance of this structure for biosensing applications, we tested bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the target protein. The results show a significant enhancement of the RIFTS peak intensity and position when a gold layer is on the top surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Macias
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Urteaga R, Acquaroli LN, Koropecki RR, Santos A, Alba M, Pallarès J, Marsal LF, Berli CLA. Optofluidic characterization of nanoporous membranes. Langmuir 2013; 29:2784-2789. [PMID: 23373556 DOI: 10.1021/la304869y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An optofluidic method that accurately identifies the internal geometry of nanochannel arrays is presented. It is based on the dynamics of capillary-driven fluid imbibition, which is followed by laser interferometry. Conical nanochannel arrays in anodized alumina are investigated, which present an asymmetry of the filling times measured from different sides of the membrane. It is demonstrated by theory and experiments that the capillary filling asymmetry only depends on the ratio H of the inlet to outlet pore radii and that the ratio of filling times vary closely as H(7/3). Besides, the capillary filling of conical channels exhibits striking results in comparison to the corresponding cylindrical channels. Apart from these novel results in nanoscale fluid dynamics, the whole method discussed here serves as a characterization technique for nanoporous membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Urteaga
- INTEC, Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET, Güemes 3450, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Santos A, Macías G, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Photoluminescent enzymatic sensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:3584-8. [PMID: 22734648 DOI: 10.1021/am300648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a smart enzymatic sensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) and its photoluminescence (PL) in the UV-visible range. The as-produced structure of NAA is functionalized and activated in order to perform the enzyme immobilization in a controlled manner. The whole process is monitored through the PL spectrum and each stage is characterized by an exclusive barcode, which is associated with the PL oscillations. This characteristic property allows us to calculate the change in the effective optical thickness that takes place after each stage. This makes it possible to accurately detect and quantify the immobilized enzyme within the NAA structure. Finally, the NAA geometry (i.e., the pore length and its diameter) is optimized to improve the enzyme immobilization and its detection inside the pores. This enzymatic sensor can give quick and accurate measurements of enzyme levels, what is crucial in clinical enzymology to prevent and detect diseases at their primary stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avenida Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Santos A, Balderrama VS, Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tunable Fabry-Pérot interferometer based on nanoporous anodic alumina for optical biosensing purposes. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:370. [PMID: 22759928 PMCID: PMC3413587 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a systematic study about the effect of the pore length and its diameter on the specular reflection in nanoporous anodic alumina. As we demonstrate, the specular reflection can be controlled at will by structural tuning (i.e., by designing the pore geometry). This makes it possible to produce a wide range of Fabry-Pérot interferometers based on nanoporous anodic alumina, which are envisaged for developing smart and accurate optical sensors in such research fields as biotechnology and medicine. Additionally, to systematize the responsiveness to external changes in optical sensors based on nanoporous anodic alumina, we put forward a barcode system based on the oscillations in the specular reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Victor S Balderrama
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - María Alba
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Santos A, Balderrama VS, Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Nanoporous anodic alumina barcodes: toward smart optical biosensors. Adv Mater 2012; 24:1050-4. [PMID: 22266815 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Toward a smart optical biosensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA): by modifying the pore geometry in nanoporous anodic alumina we are able to change the effective medium at will and tune the photoluminescence of NAA. The oscillations in the PL spectrum are converted into exclusive barcodes, which are useful for developing optical biomedical sensors in the UV-Visible region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, Spain
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Di Anibal CV, Marsal LF, Callao MP, Ruisánchez I. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and multivariate analysis as a screening tool for detecting Sudan I dye in culinary spices. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 87:135-41. [PMID: 22154269 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis was evaluated as a tool for detecting Sudan I dye in culinary spices. Three Raman modalities were studied: normal Raman, FT-Raman and SERS. The results show that SERS is the most appropriate modality capable of providing a proper Raman signal when a complex matrix is analyzed. To get rid of the spectral noise and background, Savitzky-Golay smoothing with polynomial baseline correction and wavelet transform were applied. Finally, to check whether unadulterated samples can be differentiated from samples adulterated with Sudan I dye, an exploratory analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to raw data and data processed with the two mentioned strategies. The results obtained by PCA show that Raman spectra need to be properly treated if useful information is to be obtained and both spectra treatments are appropriate for processing the Raman signal. The proposed methodology shows that SERS combined with appropriate spectra treatment can be used as a practical screening tool to distinguish samples suspicious to be adulterated with Sudan I dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina V Di Anibal
- Chemometrics, Qualimetrics and Nanosensors Group, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira i Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Palacios R, Formentin P, Martinez-Ferrero E, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. β-Phase Morphology in Ordered Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Nanopillars by Template Wetting Method. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011; 6:35. [PMID: 27502658 PMCID: PMC3211439 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9788-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method based in template wetting is applied for fabrication of ordered Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) nanopillars with β-phase morphology. In this process, nanoporous alumina obtained by anodization process is used as template. PFO nanostructures are prepared under ambient conditions via infiltration of the polymeric solution into the pores of the alumina with an average pore diameter of 225 nm and a pore depth of 500 nm. The geometric features of the resulting structures are characterized with environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), luminescence fluorimeter (PL) and micro μ-X-ray diffractometer (μ-XRD). The characterization demonstrates the β-phase of the PFO in the nanopillars fabricated. Furthermore, the PFO nanopillars are characterized by Raman spectroscopy to study the polymer conformation. These ordered nanostructures can be used in optoelectronic applications such as polymer light-emitting diodes, sensors and organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palacios
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - P Formentin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - E Martinez-Ferrero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrónica, Eléctrica i Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Santos A, Montero-Moreno JM, Bachmann J, Nielsch K, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Understanding pore rearrangement during mild to hard transition in bilayered porous anodic alumina membranes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2011; 3:1925-1932. [PMID: 21539376 DOI: 10.1021/am200139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study about the influence of the main anodization parameters (i.e., anodization voltage ramp and hard anodization voltage) on the pore rearrangement in nanoporous anodic alumina during mild to hard anodization regime transition. To cover the ranges between mild and hard regimes, the anodization parameters were each set to three levels (i.e., 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 V s(-1) for the anodization voltage ramp and 80, 110, and 140 V for the hard anodization voltage). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first rigorous study about this phenomenon, which is quantified indirectly by means of a nickel electrodeposition. It is found that pore rearrangement takes place in a relatively random manner. Large areas of pores remain blocked when the anodization regime changes from mild to hard and, under certain anodization conditions, a pore branching takes place based on the self-ordering mechanism at work during anodization. Furthermore, it is statistically demonstrated by means of a design of experiments strategy that the effect of the anodization voltage ramp on the pore rearrangement is practically negligible in contrast to the hard anodization voltage effect. It is expected that this study gives a better understanding of structural changes in nanoporous anodic alumina when anodization is switched from mild to hard regime. Furthermore, the resulting nanostructures could be used to develop a wide range of nanodevices (e.g., waveguides, 1D photonic crystals, Fabry-Pérot interferometers, hybrid mosaic arrays of nanowires).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Santos A, Formentín P, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Structural engineering of nanoporous anodic alumina funnels with high aspect ratio. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cos J, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tunable waveguides based on liquid crystal-infiltrated silicon photonic crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Santos A, Vojkuvka L, Pallarés J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Cobalt and Nickel Nanopillars on Aluminium Substrates by Direct Current Electrodeposition Process. Nanoscale Res Lett 2009; 4:1021-1028. [PMID: 20596338 PMCID: PMC2894324 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A fast and cost-effective technique is applied for fabricating cobalt and nickel nanopillars on aluminium substrates. By applying an electrochemical process, the aluminium oxide barrier layer is removed from the pore bottom tips of nanoporous anodic alumina templates. So, cobalt and nickel nanopillars are fabricated into these templates by DC electrodeposition. The resulting nanostructure remains on the aluminium substrate. In this way, this method could be used to fabricate a wide range of nanostructures which could be integrated in new nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L Vojkuvka
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Pallarés
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - LF Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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