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Banovic F, Olivry T, Artlet B, Rothstein E, Beco L, Linek M, Zabel S, Peters-Kennedy J, Welle M, Wilkes R, Austel M, Linder K. Hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme variant in 17 dogs. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:125-133. [PMID: 36510641 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new canine subgroup defined as 'old-dog' or 'hyperkeratotic' erythema multiforme (HKEM) with marked hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis has been proposed without any detailed description of larger case series. OBJECTIVES We report herein the signalment, clinical signs, treatment outcome, and histopathological and immunological findings in 17 dogs with HKEM. ANIMALS Inclusion criteria were the presence of (i) scaly skin lesions with or without crusting; and (ii) microscopic lesions typical of EM (i.e. a panepidermal cytotoxic lymphocytic dermatitis with or without basal keratinocyte apoptosis); and (iii) microscopic ortho- and/or parakeratotic hyperkeratosis affecting the interfollicular epidermis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical questionnaires and skin biopsies were reviewed. Polymerase chain reactions for epidermotropic viruses and direct immunofluorescence were performed. RESULTS Various breeds were affected with an over-representation of males in their mid-to-late adulthood (median age 9 years). Generalised skin lesions included multifocal-to-coalescing, linear and annular macules and plaques with erythema and adherent firm crusting. Microscopic lesions were specific for EM and featured prominent superficial epidermal apoptosis with lymphocytic satellitosis and parakeratosis. No drug triggers were identified. Polymerase chain reactions for canine herpesvirus polymerase gene, canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus were negative in all HKEM and canine erosive EM (15 dogs) biopsies. Lesions failed to respond to oral and/or topical antimicrobials. Complete remission of signs was achieved in 9 of 17 dogs (53%) using immunosuppressive regimens. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme (HKEM) is a chronic, persistent and clinically distinctive erythema multiforme (EM) variant that differs from 'classic' vesiculobullous erosive-to-ulcerative EM in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara Artlet
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily Rothstein
- Animal Allergy and Dermatology Service of Connecticut, Plantsville, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luc Beco
- Cabinet Vétérinaire, Spa, Belgium
| | | | - Sonja Zabel
- VCA Northwest Veterinary Specialist, Dermatology, Allergy & Otology Service, Clackamas, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeanine Peters-Kennedy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Monika Welle
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Wilkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology/Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Michaela Austel
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Keith Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Olivry T, Lokianskiene V, Blanco A, Mestre PD, Bergvall K, Beco L. A randomised controlled trial testing the rebound-preventing benefit of four days of prednisolone during the induction of oclacitinib therapy in dogs with atopic dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:99-106. [PMID: 36330780 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rebound of pruritus occasionally occurs after oclacitinib dose reduction in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVES To determine whether an initial 4-day course of prednisolone decreases the probability of a pruritus rebound after reducing the frequency of oclacitinib administration. ANIMALS Forty dogs with mild-to-moderate AD lesions and moderate-to-severe pruritus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs were randomised to receive oclacitinib at 0.4-0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days then once daily, alone or with prednisolone at 0.5 mg/kg, orally, twice daily for the first 4 days. Clinicians graded the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI)4 and 2D-investigator global assessment (IGA) before and after 28 days; owners assessed the pruritis Visual Analog Scale (PVAS)10 and Owner Global Assessment of Treatment Efficacy (OGATE) on Day (D)0, D4, D14, D21 and D28. We considered a rebound any increase greater than one PVAS10 grade at D21 compared to D14. RESULTS On D21, there were significantly fewer rebounds in the dogs receiving prednisolone (three of 20, 15%) compared to those given oclacitinib alone (nine of 20, 45%; Fisher's test, p = 0.041). Compared to oclacitinib monotherapy, the concurrent administration of prednisolone for the first 4 days led to significantly lower PVAS10 on D4 and D28, CADESI4 and 2D-IGA on D28, and OGATE on D21 and D28 (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-tests). Adverse effects of therapy were minor, intermittent and self-resolving. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The initial addition of 4 days of prednisolone significantly decreased the probability of a rebound of pruritus 1 week after oclacitinib dose reduction. This short concomitant glucocorticoid administration led to a higher skin lesion improvement and improved perception of treatment efficacy with minimal adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Blanco
- Clínica Dermatológica, San Antonio de Padua, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luc Beco
- Cabinet Vétérinaire, Spa, Belgium
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3
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Favrot C, Linek M, Fontaine J, Beco L, Rostaher A, Fischer N, Couturier N, Jacquenet S, Bihain BE. Western blot analysis of sera from dogs with suspected food allergy. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:189-e42. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 204 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Monika Linek
- Tieraerztliche Spezialisten; Rodigallee 85 D-22043 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jacques Fontaine
- Clinique Vétérinaire; 425 Brugmann Avenue, B-1180 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Luc Beco
- Cabinet Vétérinaire; 104 Reine Astrid Avenue, B-4900 Spa Belgium
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 204 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nina Fischer
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 204 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Couturier
- Genclis SA; 15 rue du Bois de la Champelle 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Sandrine Jacquenet
- Genclis SA; 15 rue du Bois de la Champelle 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Bernard E. Bihain
- Genclis SA; 15 rue du Bois de la Champelle 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France
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4
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Heimann M, Beco L, Petein M, Nishifuji K, Amagai M, Olivry T, Olivry DT. Canine Hyperplastic Intraepidermal Pustular and Suprabasal Acantholytic Dermatosis with Features of Human Pemphigus Vegetans. Vet Pathol 2016; 44:550-5. [PMID: 17606523 DOI: 10.1354/vp.44-4-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vegetans is a rare autoimmune blistering acantholytic dermatosis of humans that combines unusually hyperplastic and verrucous pustular skin lesions and mucosal erosions. We report herein the clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic findings in a dog whose lesions resembled, but were not identical to, those of human pemphigus vegetans. A 4-year-old male Greater Swiss Mountain Dog presented with multifocal cutaneous verrucous and crusted papules and pustules, as well as skin and mucosal erosions and ulcers. Microscopic lesions consisted of exophytic papillated epidermal hyperplasia, superficial and deep intraepidermal acantholytic neutrophilic and eosinophilic pustules, and suprabasal epidermal clefts leaving rounded basal keratinocytes at the bottom of the vesicles. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence revealed antikeratinocyte IgG autoantibodies. Immunoprecipitation immunoblotting and immunoabsorption experiments with recombinant canine desmogleins confirmed that autoantibodies recognized desmoglein-1. In this dog, clinical and histopathologic features resembled those of human pemphigus vegetans, while circulating autoantibodies against canine desmoglein-1 were solely identified. This antigen target is different from that of the human disease in which antidesmoglein-3 autoantibodies are detected most commonly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heimann
- Institut de Pathologie et Genetique, Gosselies, Belgium
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5
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Beco L, Guaguère E, Lorente Méndez C, Noli C, Nuttall T, Vroom M. Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in bacterial skin infections (1): diagnosis based on clinical presentation, cytology and culture. Vet Rec 2013; 172:72-8. [PMID: 23292951 PMCID: PMC3551225 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic antimicrobials are critically important in veterinary healthcare, and resistance is a major concern. Antimicrobial stewardship will be important in maintaining clinical efficacy by reducing the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial skin infections are one of the most common reasons for using systemic antimicrobials in dogs and cats. Appropriate management of these infections is, therefore, crucial in any policy for responsible antimicrobial use. The goals of therapy are to confirm that an infection is present, identify the causative bacteria, select the most appropriate antimicrobial, ensure that the infection is treated correctly, and to identify and manage any underlying conditions. This is the first of two articles that will provide evidence-led guidelines to help practitioners address these issues. This article covers diagnosis, including descriptions of the different clinical presentations of surface, superficial and deep bacterial skin infections, how to perform and interpret cytology, and how to best use bacterial culture and sensitivity testing. Part 2 will discuss therapy, including choice of drug and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beco
- Cabinet Vétérinaire, Spa, Belgium
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6
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Beco L, Guaguère E, Lorente Méndez C, Noli C, Nuttall T, Vroom M. Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in bacterial skin infections: part 2-- antimicrobial choice, treatment regimens and compliance. Vet Rec 2013; 172:156-60. [PMID: 23292948 PMCID: PMC3582090 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Systemic antimicrobials are critically important in veterinary healthcare, and resistance is a major concern. Antimicrobial stewardship will be important in maintaining clinical efficacy by reducing the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Bacterial skin infections are one of the most common reasons for using systemic antimicrobials in dogs and cats. Appropriate management of these infections is, therefore, crucial in any policy for responsible antimicrobial use. The goals of therapy are to confirm that an infection is present, identify the causative bacteria, select the most appropriate antimicrobial, ensure that the infection is treated correctly, and to identify and manage any underlying conditions. This is the second of two articles that provide evidence-led guidelines to help practitioners address these issues. Part 1 discussed the use of clinical signs, cytology and culture in diagnosis. This article will cover the rationale for topical and systemic antimicrobial therapy, including choice of first-, second- and third-line drugs, the dose, duration of therapy, compliance and identification of underlying predisposing conditions. In addition, there is guidance on cases of therapeutic failure and environmental hygiene. These guidelines will help veterinarians avoid the development and propagation of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beco
- Cabinet Vétérinaire, Spa, Belgium
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7
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Belova S, Wilhelm S, Linek M, Beco L, Fontaine J, Bergvall K, Favrot C. Factors affecting allergen-specific IgE serum levels in cats. Can J Vet Res 2012; 76:45-51. [PMID: 22754094 PMCID: PMC3244287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pruritic skin diseases are common in cats and demand rigorous diagnostic workup for finding an underlying etiology. Measurement of a serum allergen-specific IgE in a pruritic cat is often used to make or confirm the diagnosis of a skin hypersensitivity disease, although current evidence suggests that elevated allergen-specific IgE do not always correlate with a clinical disease and vice versa. The aim of the study was to to assess the possible influence of age, deworming status, lifestyle, flea treatment, and gender on allergen-specific IgE levels and to evaluate the reliability of IgE testing in predicting the final diagnosis of a pruritic cat. For this purpose sera of 179 cats with pruritus of different causes and 20 healthy cats were evaluated for allergen-specific IgE against environmental, food and flea allergens using the Fc-epsilon receptor based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The results of the study showed positive correlation between age, outdoor life style, absence of deworming, absence of flea control measures and levels of allergen-specific IgE. Gender and living area (urban versus rural) did not seem to affect the formation of allergen-specific IgE. According to these findings, evaluating allergen-specific IgE levels, is not a reliable test to diagnose hypersensitivity to food or environmental allergens in cats. On the contrary, this test can be successfully used for diagnosing feline flea bite hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C. Favrot
- Address all correspondence to Dr. C. Favrot; telephone: (41) 446358375; fax: (41) 44638920; e-mail:
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Favrot C, Steffan J, Seewald W, Hobi S, Linek M, Marignac G, Olivry T, Beco L, Nett C, Fontaine J, Roosje P, Bergvall K, Belova S, Koebrich S, Pin D, Kovalik M, Meury S, Wilhelm S. Establishment of diagnostic criteria for feline nonflea-induced hypersensitivity dermatitis. Vet Dermatol 2011; 23:45-50, e11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.01006.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Cadot P, Hensel P, Bensignor E, Hadjaje C, Marignac G, Beco L, Fontaine J, Jamet JF, Georgescu G, Campbell K, Cannon A, Osborn SC, Messinger L, Gogny-Goubert M, Dubreuil P, Moussy A, Hermine O. Masitinib decreases signs of canine atopic dermatitis: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Vet Dermatol 2011; 22:554-64. [PMID: 21668810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the efficacy and safety of masitinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor capable of downregulating mast cell functions, for treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). Dogs with confirmed CAD received masitinib at 12.5 mg/kg/day (n = 202) or control (n = 104) for 12 weeks. A reduction in CAD Extent and Severity Index (CADESI-02) score of ≥ 50% at week 12 was observed in 61% of masitinib-treated dogs versus 35% of control dogs (P < 0.001), according to the modified intent-to-treat population. For dogs resistant to ciclosporin and/or corticosteroids (60% of the study population), CADESI-02 response rates were 60 versus 31%, respectively (P = 0.004). The mean reduction in pruritus score of severely pruritic dogs was 46 versus 29%, respectively (P = 0.045). Furthermore, 65% of owners with severely pruritic dogs assessed masitinib efficacy as good/excellent versus 35% control (P = 0.05). Overall, 63% of investigators assessed masitinib efficacy as good/excellent versus 35% control (P < 0.001). Premature discontinuations from the modified intent-to-treat population (28.2% masitinib versus 26.0% control) were mainly due to adverse events (13.4 versus 4.8%, respectively) or lack of efficacy (12.4 versus 18.3%, respectively). In total, 13.2% dogs presented with severe adverse events (16.0% masitinib versus 7.7% control). Masitinib showed a risk of reversible protein loss, although regular surveillance of blood albumin and proteinuria allowed for discontinuation of treatment while the dog was still clinically asymptomatic. Masitinib proved to be an effective and mostly well-tolerated treatment of CAD, including severe and refractory cases, with medically manageable adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cadot
- Clinique vétérinaire Europa, Boulogne Billancourt, France.
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Hobi S, Linek M, Marignac G, Olivry T, Beco L, Nett C, Fontaine J, Roosje P, Bergvall K, Belova S, Koebrich S, Pin D, Kovalik M, Meury S, Wilhelm S, Favrot C. Clinical characteristics and causes of pruritus in cats: a multicentre study on feline hypersensitivity-associated dermatoses. Vet Dermatol 2011; 22:406-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2011.00962.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Beco L, Heimann M, Olivry T. Is feline acquired reactive perforating collagenosis a wound healing defect? Treatment with topical betamethasone and halofuginone appears beneficial. Vet Dermatol 2010; 21:434-6. [PMID: 20492626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Beco L, Heimann M. ISVD-4 Deep cutaneous ulcerations secondary to atherosclerosis in a hypothyroid dog. Vet Dermatol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.412_04.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Heimann M, Beco L, Petein M, Rademaeker V, Olivry T. P-50 Clinical, histological and immunological characteristics of Neumann-type pemphigus vegetans in a dog. Vet Dermatol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00414_50.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
This study evaluated the clinical and histopathological features and results of light and electron scanning microscopy assessments of follicular dysplasia in five Weimar Pointers. The data were compared with those obtained in three normal Weimaraners. In our study, this dermatosis affected young adults that showed progressive alopecia of the trunk (head and limbs were spared) associated with recurrent folliculitis/furunculosis. Exclusion of other dermatoses and the presence of histopathological lesions and hair shafts abnormalities seen in light and/or scanning electron microscopy similar to colour dilution alopecia led to the diagnosis of follicular dysplasia. The lesions we observed are the same as those described previously in colour dilution alopecia, but they were less pronounced in all our samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Laffort-Dassot
- Cabinet de dermatologie vétérinaire, Héliopolis B3, avenue de magudas, F-33700 Bordeaux - Mérignac, France
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Abstract
Thirty hamsters diagnosed with a Notoedres infestation on the basis of their clinical signs and skin scrapings were allocated to three matched groups. The hamsters in group 1 received ivermectin at 400 microg/kg subcutaneously once a week for eight weeks, those in group 2 were treated with moxidectin at 400 microg/kg orally once a week, and those in group 3 were treated with moxidectin at the same dosage, but twice a week. The hamsters' skin lesions were scored weekly on the basis of the severity of crusting, erythema, scaling and excoriations at various sites. In all three groups the lesion scores were significantly lower after four and eight weeks, and there was no significant difference between the efficacy of the treatments. However, at the end of the treatment, skin scrapings were negative in only 60 to 70 per cent of the animals in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Beco
- Clinique Veterinaire, Spa, Belgium
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Verloes A, Dodinval P, Beco L, Bonnivert J, Lambotte C. Lambotte syndrome: microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, intrauterine growth retardation, facial anomalies, and early lethality--a new sublethal multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome in four sibs. Am J Med Genet 1990; 37:119-23. [PMID: 2240028 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320370128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on an Arabic sibship originating from Morocco in which four children manifest an undiagnosed sublethal multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), microcephaly, large soft pinnae, telecanthus or true hypertelorism with squint, flat face, unusual hooked nose, very narrow mouth, retrognathia, and extremely severe neurologic impairment. One child was stillborn. Three others died in a cachectic state during their second year. One child had a severe cerebral malformation compatible with semilobar holoprosencephaly. Other inconstant manifestations are anterior chamber cleavage defect, preaxial polydactyly of feet, interventricular septal defect, and atresia of the external auditory meatus. Autosomal recessive inheritance is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verloes
- Center for Human Genetics, Hôpital du Sart Tilman, Liège State University, Belgium
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17
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Beco L. [Physiological and mechanical technics of fertility control]. Rev Med Liege 1973; 28:364-6. [PMID: 4727678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Beco L. [Clinical trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate during postpartum]. Rev Med Liege 1970; 25:226-30. [PMID: 5463114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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