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Flores P, Luo J, Mueller DW, Muecklich F, Zea L. Space biofilms - An overview of the morphology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms grown on silicone and cellulose membranes on board the international space station. Biofilm 2024; 7:100182. [PMID: 38370151 PMCID: PMC10869243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms' natural ability to live as organized multicellular communities - also known as biofilms - provides them with unique survival advantages. For instance, bacterial biofilms are protected against environmental stresses thanks to their extracellular matrix, which could contribute to persistent infections after treatment with antibiotics. Bacterial biofilms are also capable of strongly attaching to surfaces, where their metabolic by-products could lead to surface material degradation. Furthermore, microgravity can alter biofilm behavior in unexpected ways, making the presence of biofilms in space a risk for both astronauts and spaceflight hardware. Despite the efforts to eliminate microorganism contamination from spacecraft surfaces, it is impossible to prevent human-associated bacteria from eventually establishing biofilm surface colonization. Nevertheless, by understanding the changes that bacterial biofilms undergo in microgravity, it is possible to identify key differences and pathways that could be targeted to significantly reduce biofilm formation. The bacterial component of Space Biofilms project, performed on the International Space Station in early 2020, contributes to such understanding by characterizing the morphology and gene expression of bacterial biofilms formed in microgravity with respect to ground controls. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used as model organism due to its relevance in biofilm studies and its ability to cause urinary tract infections as an opportunistic pathogen. Biofilm formation was characterized at one, two, and three days of incubation (37 °C) over six different materials. Materials reported in this manuscript include catheter grade silicone, selected due to its medical relevance in hospital acquired infections, catheter grade silicone with ultrashort pulsed direct laser interference patterning, included to test microtopographies as a potential biofilm control strategy, and cellulose membrane to replicate the column and canopy structure previously reported from a microgravity study. We here present an overview of the biofilm morphology, including 3D images of the biofilms to represent the distinctive morphology observed in each material tested, and some of the key differences in biofilm thickness, mass, and surface area coverage. We also present the impact of the surface microtopography in biofilm formation across materials, incubation time, and gravitational conditions. The Space Biofilms project (bacterial side) is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. 80NSSC17K0036 and 80NSSC21K1950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Flores
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, USA, 80309
| | - Jiaqi Luo
- Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
| | | | | | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, USA, 80309
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2
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Zea L, Warren L, Ruttley T, Mosher T, Kelsey L, Wagner E. Orbital Reef and commercial low Earth orbit destinations-upcoming space research opportunities. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:43. [PMID: 38553503 PMCID: PMC10980796 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As the International Space Station comes to the end of a transformative era of in-space research, NASA's Commercial Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Destinations (CLD) Program aims to catalyze a new generation of platforms with co-investment from the private sector, preventing a potential gap in research performed in LEO, while building a robust LEO economy. In this paper, we provide insight into the CLD Program focusing on Orbital Reef, describing its operational and technical characteristics as well as new opportunities it may enable. Achieving about a third of the pressurized volume of the ISS with the launch of a single pressurized module and growing to support hundreds of Middeck Locker Equivalents (MLE) in passive and active payloads internally and externally, Orbital Reef will enable government, academic, and commercial institutions to continue and expand upon research and development (R&D) efforts currently performed on ISS. Additionally, it will enable nascent markets to establish their operations in space, by initiating new lines of research and technology development and the implementation of new ventures and visions. Using Blue Origin's New Glenn heavy launch system, Sierra Space's cargo and crew Dream Chaser® vehicles, and Boeing's Starliner crew vehicle, and expertise from Amazon/Amazon Supply Chain, Arizona State University, Genesis Engineering, and Redwire, Orbital Reef is being designed to address ISS-era transportation logistics challenges. Finally, this manuscript describes some of the expected challenges from the ISS-to-CLD transition, and provides guidance on how researchers in academia and industry can shape the future of commercial destinations and work performed in LEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zea
- Sierra Space, Broomfield, CO, 80021, USA.
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3
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Herrera-Jordan K, Pennington P, Zea L. Reduced Pseudomonas aeruginosa Cell Size Observed on Planktonic Cultures Grown in the International Space Station. Microorganisms 2024; 12:393. [PMID: 38399797 PMCID: PMC10892763 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial growth and behavior have been studied in microgravity in the past, but little focus has been directed to cell size despite its impact on a myriad of processes, including biofilm formation, which is impactful regarding crew health. To interrogate this characteristic, supernatant aliquots of P. aeruginosa cultured on different materials and media on board the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Space Biofilms Project were analyzed. For that experiment, P. aeruginosa was grown in microgravity-with matching Earth controls-in modified artificial urine medium (mAUMg-high Pi) or LB Lennox supplemented with KNO3, and its formation of biofilms on six different materials was assessed. After one, two, and three days of incubation, the ISS crew terminated subsets of the experiment by fixation in paraformaldehyde, and aliquots of the supernatant were used for the planktonic cell size study presented here. The measurements were obtained post-flight through the use of phase contrast microscopy under oil immersion, a Moticam 10+ digital camera, and the FIJI image analysis program. Statistical comparisons were conducted to identify which treatments caused significant differences in cell dimensions using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. There were statistically significant differences as a function of material present in the culture in both LBK and mAUMg-high Pi. Along with this, the data were also grouped by gravitational condition, media, and days of incubation. Comparison of planktonic cells cultured in microgravity showed reduced cell length (from 4% to 10% depending on the material) and diameter (from 1% to 10% depending on the material) with respect to their matching Earth controls, with the caveat that the cultures may have been at different points in their growth curve at a given time. In conclusion, smaller cells were observed on the cultures grown in microgravity, and cell size changed as a function of incubation time and the material upon which the culture grew. We describe these changes here and possible implications for human space travel in terms of crew health and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherinne Herrera-Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala;
| | - Pamela Pennington
- Research Institute, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala;
| | - Luis Zea
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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4
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Sharma G, Zee PC, Zea L, Curtis PD. Whole genome-scale assessment of gene fitness of Novosphingobium aromaticavorans during spaceflight. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:782. [PMID: 38102595 PMCID: PMC10725011 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In microgravity, bacteria undergo intriguing physiological adaptations. There have been few attempts to assess global bacterial physiological responses to microgravity, with most studies only focusing on a handful of individual systems. This study assessed the fitness of each gene in the genome of the aromatic compound-degrading Alphaproteobacterium Novosphingobium aromaticavorans during growth in spaceflight. This was accomplished using Comparative TnSeq, which involves culturing the same saturating transposon mutagenized library under two different conditions. To assess gene fitness, a novel comparative TnSeq analytical tool was developed, named TnDivA, that is particularly useful in leveraging biological replicates. In this approach, transposon diversity is represented numerically using a modified Shannon diversity index, which was then converted into effective transposon density. This transformation accounts for variability in read distribution between samples, such as cases where reads were dominated by only a few transposon inserts. Effective density values were analyzed using multiple statistical methods, including log2-fold change, least-squares regression analysis, and Welch's t-test. The results obtained across applied statistical methods show a difference in the number of significant genes identified. However, the functional categories of genes important to growth in microgravity showed similar patterns. Lipid metabolism and transport, energy production, transcription, translation, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transport were shown to have high fitness during spaceflight. This suggests that core metabolic processes, including lipid and secondary metabolism, play an important role adapting to stress and promoting growth in microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Sharma
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, 402 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Peter C Zee
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, 402 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Luis Zea
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Patrick D Curtis
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, 402 Shoemaker Hall, University, MS, 38677, USA.
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Flores P, McBride SA, Galazka JM, Varanasi KK, Zea L. Biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in spaceflight is minimized on lubricant impregnated surfaces. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:66. [PMID: 37587131 PMCID: PMC10432549 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The undesirable, yet inevitable, presence of bacterial biofilms in spacecraft poses a risk to the proper functioning of systems and to astronauts' health. To mitigate the risks that arise from them, it is important to understand biofilms' behavior in microgravity. As part of the Space Biofilms project, biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were grown in spaceflight over material surfaces. Stainless Steel 316 (SS316) and passivated SS316 were tested for their relevance as spaceflight hardware components, while a lubricant impregnated surface (LIS) was tested as potential biofilm control strategy. The morphology and gene expression of biofilms were characterized. Biofilms in microgravity are less robust than on Earth. LIS strongly inhibits biofilm formation compared to SS. Furthermore, this effect is even greater in spaceflight than on Earth, making LIS a promising option for spacecraft use. Transcriptomic profiles for the different conditions are presented, and potential mechanisms of biofilm reduction on LIS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Flores
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | | | - Jonathan M Galazka
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Kripa K Varanasi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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6
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Hupka M, Kedia R, Schauer R, Shepard B, Granados-Presa M, Vande Hei M, Flores P, Zea L. Morphology of Penicillium rubens Biofilms Formed in Space. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041001. [PMID: 37109532 PMCID: PMC10144393 DOI: 10.3390/life13041001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi biofilms have been found growing on spacecraft surfaces such as windows, piping, cables, etc. The contamination of these surfaces with fungi, although undesirable, is highly difficult to avoid. While several biofilm forming species, including Penicillium rubens, have been identified in spacecraft, the effect of microgravity on fungal biofilm formation is unknown. This study sent seven material surfaces (Stainless Steel 316, Aluminum Alloy, Titanium Alloy, Carbon Fiber, Quartz, Silicone, and Nanograss) inoculated with spores of P. rubens to the International Space Station and allowed biofilms to form for 10, 15, and 20 days to understand the effects of microgravity on biofilm morphology and growth. In general, microgravity did not induce changes in the shape of biofilms, nor did it affect growth in terms of biomass, thickness, and surface area coverage. However, microgravity increased or decreased biofilm formation in some cases, and this was incubation-time- and material-dependent. Nanograss was the material with significantly less biofilm formation, both in microgravity and on Earth, and it could potentially be interfering with hyphal adhesion and/or spore germination. Additionally, a decrease in biofilm formation at 20 days, potentially due to nutrient depletion, was seen in some space and Earth samples and was material-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hupka
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Raj Kedia
- Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rylee Schauer
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brooke Shepard
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | | | | | - Pamela Flores
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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7
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Santomartino R, Averesch NJH, Bhuiyan M, Cockell CS, Colangelo J, Gumulya Y, Lehner B, Lopez-Ayala I, McMahon S, Mohanty A, Santa Maria SR, Urbaniak C, Volger R, Yang J, Zea L. Toward sustainable space exploration: a roadmap for harnessing the power of microorganisms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1391. [PMID: 36944638 PMCID: PMC10030976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding sustainable approaches to achieve independence from terrestrial resources is of pivotal importance for the future of space exploration. This is relevant not only to establish viable space exploration beyond low Earth-orbit, but also for ethical considerations associated with the generation of space waste and the preservation of extra-terrestrial environments. Here we propose and highlight a series of microbial biotechnologies uniquely suited to establish sustainable processes for in situ resource utilization and loop-closure. Microbial biotechnologies research and development for space sustainability will be translatable to Earth applications, tackling terrestrial environmental issues, thereby supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Santomartino
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Nils J H Averesch
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Charles S Cockell
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Yosephine Gumulya
- Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Sean McMahon
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anurup Mohanty
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, 600 1st Ave, Floor 1, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Sergio R Santa Maria
- Space Biosciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
- KBR, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Urbaniak
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- ZIN Technologies Inc, Middleburg Heights, OH, USA
| | - Rik Volger
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jiseon Yang
- Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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8
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Abstract
As we aim to expand human presence in space, we need to find viable approaches to achieve independence from terrestrial resources. Space biomining of the Moon, Mars and asteroids has been indicated as one of the promising approaches to achieve in-situ resource utilization by the main space agencies. Structural and expensive metals, essential mineral nutrients, water, oxygen and volatiles could be potentially extracted from extraterrestrial regolith and rocks using microbial-based biotechnologies. The use of bioleaching microorganisms could also be applied to space bioremediation, recycling of waste and to reinforce regenerative life support systems. However, the science around space biomining is still young. Relevant differences between terrestrial and extraterrestrial conditions exist, including the rock types and ores available for mining, and a direct application of established terrestrial biomining techniques may not be a possibility. It is, therefore, necessary to invest in terrestrial and space-based research of specific methods for space applications to learn the effects of space conditions on biomining and bioremediation, expand our knowledge on organotrophic and community-based bioleaching mechanisms, as well as on anaerobic biomining, and investigate the use of synthetic biology to overcome limitations posed by the space environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Santomartino
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Charles S Cockell
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK
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9
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Kaksonen AH, Deng X, Morris C, Khaleque HN, Zea L, Gumulya Y. Potential of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to Grow on and Bioleach Metals from Mars and Lunar Regolith Simulants under Simulated Microgravity Conditions. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2416. [PMID: 34946018 PMCID: PMC8706024 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomining microbes which extract metals from ores that have been applied in mining processes worldwide hold potential for harnessing space resources. Their cell growth and ability to extract metals from extraterrestrial minerals under microgravity environments, however, remains largely unknown. The present study used the model biomining bacterium Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to extract metals from lunar and Martian regolith simulants cultivated in a rotating clinostat with matched controls grown under the influence of terrestrial gravity. Analyses included assessments of final cell count, size, morphology, and soluble metal concentrations. Under Earth gravity, with the addition of Fe3+ and H2/CO2, A. ferrooxidans grew in the presence of regolith simulants to a final cell density comparable to controls without regoliths. The simulated microgravity appeared to enable cells to grow to a higher cell density in the presence of lunar regolith simulants. Clinostat cultures of A. ferrooxidans solubilised higher amounts of Si, Mn and Mg from lunar and Martian regolith simulants than abiotic controls. Electron microscopy observations revealed that microgravity stimulated the biosynthesis of intracellular nanoparticles (most likely magnetite) in anaerobically grown A. ferrooxidans cells. These results suggested that A. ferrooxidans has the potential for metal bioleaching and the production of useful nanoparticles in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Kaksonen
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water, Floreat 6014, Australia; (A.H.K.); (X.D.); (C.M.); (H.N.K.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Xiao Deng
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water, Floreat 6014, Australia; (A.H.K.); (X.D.); (C.M.); (H.N.K.)
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Christina Morris
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water, Floreat 6014, Australia; (A.H.K.); (X.D.); (C.M.); (H.N.K.)
| | - Himel Nahreen Khaleque
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water, Floreat 6014, Australia; (A.H.K.); (X.D.); (C.M.); (H.N.K.)
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Smead Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA;
| | - Yosephine Gumulya
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Land and Water, Floreat 6014, Australia; (A.H.K.); (X.D.); (C.M.); (H.N.K.)
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba 4102, Australia
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10
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Overbey EG, Saravia-Butler AM, Zhang Z, Rathi KS, Fogle H, da Silveira WA, Barker RJ, Bass JJ, Beheshti A, Berrios DC, Blaber EA, Cekanaviciute E, Costa HA, Davin LB, Fisch KM, Gebre SG, Geniza M, Gilbert R, Gilroy S, Hardiman G, Herranz R, Kidane YH, Kruse CPS, Lee MD, Liefeld T, Lewis NG, McDonald JT, Meller R, Mishra T, Perera IY, Ray S, Reinsch SS, Rosenthal SB, Strong M, Szewczyk NJ, Tahimic CGT, Taylor DM, Vandenbrink JP, Villacampa A, Weging S, Wolverton C, Wyatt SE, Zea L, Costes SV, Galazka JM. NASA GeneLab RNA-seq consensus pipeline: standardized processing of short-read RNA-seq data. iScience 2021; 24:102361. [PMID: 33870146 PMCID: PMC8044432 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of transcriptomic technologies, we are able to quantify precise changes in gene expression profiles from astronauts and other organisms exposed to spaceflight. Members of NASA GeneLab and GeneLab-associated analysis working groups (AWGs) have developed a consensus pipeline for analyzing short-read RNA-sequencing data from spaceflight-associated experiments. The pipeline includes quality control, read trimming, mapping, and gene quantification steps, culminating in the detection of differentially expressed genes. This data analysis pipeline and the results of its execution using data submitted to GeneLab are now all publicly available through the GeneLab database. We present here the full details and rationale for the construction of this pipeline in order to promote transparency, reproducibility, and reusability of pipeline data; to provide a template for data processing of future spaceflight-relevant datasets; and to encourage cross-analysis of data from other databases with the data available in GeneLab. Analysis of omics data from different spaceflight studies presents unique challenges A standardized pipeline for RNA-seq analysis eliminates data processing variation The GeneLab RNA-seq pipeline includes QC, trimming, mapping, quantification, and DGE Space-relevant data processed with this pipeline are available at genelab.nasa.gov
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliah G Overbey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amanda M Saravia-Butler
- Logyx, LLC, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.,Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Homer Fogle
- The Bionetics Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.,Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Willian A da Silveira
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS) & School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Richard J Barker
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joseph J Bass
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham & National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel C Berrios
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Blaber
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Egle Cekanaviciute
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Helio A Costa
- Departments of Pathology, and of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurence B Davin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Samrawit G Gebre
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.,KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | | | - Rachel Gilbert
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Simon Gilroy
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS) & School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Raúl Herranz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yared H Kidane
- Center for Pediatric Bone Biology and Translational Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, 2222 Welborn St., Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Colin P S Kruse
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Michael D Lee
- Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98154, USA
| | - Ted Liefeld
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Norman G Lewis
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Robert Meller
- Department of Neurobiology and Pharmacology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Tejaswini Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Imara Y Perera
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Shayoni Ray
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sigrid S Reinsch
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Sara Brin Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Strong
- National Jewish Health, Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 43147, USA
| | - Candice G T Tahimic
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Deanne M Taylor
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Alicia Villacampa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvio Weging
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, USA
| | - Sarah E Wyatt
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.,Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder 80303 USA
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Jonathan M Galazka
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
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11
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Zea L, McLean RJ, Rook TA, Angle G, Carter DL, Delegard A, Denvir A, Gerlach R, Gorti S, McIlwaine D, Nur M, Peyton BM, Stewart PS, Sturman P, Velez Justiniano YA. Potential biofilm control strategies for extended spaceflight missions. Biofilm 2020; 2:100026. [PMID: 33447811 PMCID: PMC7798464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, surface-adherent microbial communities, are associated with microbial fouling and corrosion in terrestrial water-distribution systems. Biofilms are also present in human spaceflight, particularly in the Water Recovery System (WRS) on the International Space Station (ISS). The WRS is comprised of the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA) and the Water Processor Assembly (WPA) which together recycles wastewater from human urine and recovered humidity from the ISS atmosphere. These wastewaters and various process streams are continually inoculated with microorganisms primarily arising from the space crew microbiome. Biofilm-related fouling has been encountered and addressed in spacecraft in low Earth orbit, including ISS and the Russian Mir Space Station. However, planned future missions beyond low Earth orbit to the Moon and Mars present additional challenges, as resupplying spare parts or support materials would be impractical and the mission timeline would be in the order of years in the case of a mission to Mars. In addition, future missions are expected to include a period of dormancy in which the WRS would be unused for an extended duration. The concepts developed in this review arose from a workshop including NASA personnel and representatives with biofilm expertise from a wide range of industrial and academic backgrounds. Here, we address current strategies that are employed on Earth for biofilm control, including antifouling coatings and biocides and mechanisms for mitigating biofilm growth and damage. These ideas are presented in the context of their applicability to spaceflight and identify proposed new topics of biofilm control that need to be addressed in order to facilitate future extended, crewed, spaceflight missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robin Gerlach
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Sridhar Gorti
- NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Mononita Nur
- NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Brent M. Peyton
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Philip S. Stewart
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Paul Sturman
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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12
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Zea L, Nisar Z, Rubin P, Cortesão M, Luo J, McBride SA, Moeller R, Klaus D, Müller D, Varanasi KK, Muecklich F, Stodieck L. Design of a spaceflight biofilm experiment. Acta Astronaut 2018; 148:294-300. [PMID: 30449911 PMCID: PMC6235448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm growth has been observed in Soviet/Russian (Salyuts and Mir), American (Skylab), and International (ISS) Space Stations, sometimes jeopardizing key equipment like spacesuits, water recycling units, radiators, and navigation windows. Biofilm formation also increases the risk of human illnesses and therefore needs to be well understood to enable safe, long-duration, human space missions. Here, the design of a NASA-supported biofilm in space project is reported. This new project aims to characterize biofilm inside the International Space Station in a controlled fashion, assessing changes in mass, thickness, and morphology. The space-based experiment also aims at elucidating the biomechanical and transcriptomic mechanisms involved in the formation of a "column-and-canopy" biofilm architecture that has previously been observed in space. To search for potential solutions, different materials and surface topologies will be used as the substrata for microbial growth. The adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and therefore the initial biofilm formation is strongly governed by topographical surface features of about the bacterial scale. Thus, using Direct Laser-Interference Patterning, some material coupons will have surface patterns with periodicities equal, above or below the size of bacteria. Additionally, a novel lubricant-impregnated surface will be assessed for potential Earth and spaceflight anti-biofilm applications. This paper describes the current experiment design including microbial strains and substrata materials and nanotopographies being considered, constraints and limitations that arise from performing experiments in space, and the next steps needed to mature the design to be spaceflight-ready.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
- Corresponding author. (L. Zea)
| | - Zeena Nisar
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Phil Rubin
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Marta Cortesão
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, 51147, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Luo
- Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, 66123, Germany
| | - Samantha A. McBride
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, 51147, Germany
| | - David Klaus
- Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
| | - Daniel Müller
- Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, 66123, Germany
| | - Kripa K. Varanasi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frank Muecklich
- Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, 66123, Germany
| | - Louis Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA
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Aunins TR, Erickson KE, Prasad N, Levy SE, Jones A, Shrestha S, Mastracchio R, Stodieck L, Klaus D, Zea L, Chatterjee A. Spaceflight Modifies Escherichia coli Gene Expression in Response to Antibiotic Exposure and Reveals Role of Oxidative Stress Response. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:310. [PMID: 29615983 PMCID: PMC5865062 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria grown in space experiments under microgravity conditions have been found to undergo unique physiological responses, ranging from modified cell morphology and growth dynamics to a putative increased tolerance to antibiotics. A common theory for this behavior is the loss of gravity-driven convection processes in the orbital environment, resulting in both reduction of extracellular nutrient availability and the accumulation of bacterial byproducts near the cell. To further characterize the responses, this study investigated the transcriptomic response of Escherichia coli to both microgravity and antibiotic concentration. E. coli was grown aboard International Space Station in the presence of increasing concentrations of the antibiotic gentamicin with identical ground controls conducted on Earth. Here we show that within 49 h of being cultured, E. coli adapted to grow at higher antibiotic concentrations in space compared to Earth, and demonstrated consistent changes in expression of 63 genes in response to an increase in drug concentration in both environments, including specific responses related to oxidative stress and starvation response. Additionally, we find 50 stress-response genes upregulated in response to the microgravity when compared directly to the equivalent concentration in the ground control. We conclude that the increased antibiotic tolerance in microgravity may be attributed not only to diminished transport processes, but also to a resultant antibiotic cross-resistance response conferred by an overlapping effect of stress response genes. Our data suggest that direct stresses of nutrient starvation and acid-shock conveyed by the microgravity environment can incidentally upregulate stress response pathways related to antibiotic stress and in doing so contribute to the increased antibiotic stress tolerance observed for bacteria in space experiments. These results provide insights into the ability of bacteria to adapt under extreme stress conditions and potential strategies to prevent antimicrobial-resistance in space and on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Aunins
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Keesha E Erickson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Shawn E Levy
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Angela Jones
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Rick Mastracchio
- Astronaut Office, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Louis Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David Klaus
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Anushree Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
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14
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Zea L, Larsen M, Estante F, Qvortrup K, Moeller R, Dias de Oliveira S, Stodieck L, Klaus D. Phenotypic Changes Exhibited by E. coli Cultured in Space. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1598. [PMID: 28894439 PMCID: PMC5581483 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria will accompany humans in our exploration of space, making it of importance to study their adaptation to the microgravity environment. To investigate potential phenotypic changes for bacteria grown in space, Escherichia coli was cultured onboard the International Space Station with matched controls on Earth. Samples were challenged with different concentrations of gentamicin sulfate to study the role of drug concentration on the dependent variables in the space environment. Analyses included assessments of final cell count, cell size, cell envelope thickness, cell ultrastructure, and culture morphology. A 13-fold increase in final cell count was observed in space with respect to the ground controls and the space flight cells were able to grow in the presence of normally inhibitory levels of gentamicin sulfate. Contrast light microscopy and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy showed that, on average, cells in space were 37% of the volume of their matched controls, which may alter the rate of molecule–cell interactions in a diffusion-limited mass transport regime as is expected to occur in microgravity. TEM imagery showed an increase in cell envelope thickness of between 25 and 43% in space with respect to the Earth control group. Outer membrane vesicles were observed on the spaceflight samples, but not on the Earth cultures. While E. coli suspension cultures on Earth were homogenously distributed throughout the liquid medium, in space they tended to form a cluster, leaving the surrounding medium visibly clear of cells. This cell aggregation behavior may be associated with enhanced biofilm formation observed in other spaceflight experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado Boulder, BoulderCO, United States
| | - Michael Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederico Estante
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, BoulderCO, United States
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Space Microbiology Research Group, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace CenterCologne, Germany
| | - Sílvia Dias de Oliveira
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Louis Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado Boulder, BoulderCO, United States
| | - David Klaus
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, BoulderCO, United States
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15
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Zea L, Prasad N, Levy SE, Stodieck L, Jones A, Shrestha S, Klaus D. A Molecular Genetic Basis Explaining Altered Bacterial Behavior in Space. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164359. [PMID: 27806055 PMCID: PMC5091764 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria behave differently in space, as indicated by reports of reduced lag phase, higher final cell counts, enhanced biofilm formation, increased virulence, and reduced susceptibility to antibiotics. These phenomena are theorized, at least in part, to result from reduced mass transport in the local extracellular environment, where movement of molecules consumed and excreted by the cell is limited to diffusion in the absence of gravity-dependent convection. However, to date neither empirical nor computational approaches have been able to provide sufficient evidence to confirm this explanation. Molecular genetic analysis findings, conducted as part of a recent spaceflight investigation, support the proposed model. This investigation indicated an overexpression of genes associated with starvation, the search for alternative energy sources, increased metabolism, enhanced acetate production, and other systematic responses to acidity-all of which can be associated with reduced extracellular mass transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zea
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Dept., University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Nripesh Prasad
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Shawn E. Levy
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Louis Stodieck
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Dept., University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
| | - Angela Jones
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Genomic Services Laboratory, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
- Department of Biological Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - David Klaus
- BioServe Space Technologies, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Dept., University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States of America
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16
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Ruiz M, Moyano L, Zea L. Sweet Wines Produced by an Innovative Winemaking Procedure: Colour, Active Odorants and Sensory Profile. S AFR J ENOL VITIC 2016. [DOI: 10.21548/35-2-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zea L, Serratosa MP, Mérida J, Moyano L. Acetaldehyde as Key Compound for the Authenticity of Sherry Wines: A Study Covering 5 Decades. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zea
- Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry; Univ. of Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie 14014 Córdoba Spain
| | - María P. Serratosa
- Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry; Univ. of Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie 14014 Córdoba Spain
| | - Julieta Mérida
- Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry; Univ. of Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie 14014 Córdoba Spain
| | - Lourdes Moyano
- Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry; Univ. of Córdoba; Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie 14014 Córdoba Spain
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18
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Marquez A, Serratosa MP, Merida J, Zea L, Moyano L. Optimization and validation of an automated DHS–TD–GC–MS method for the determination of aromatic esters in sweet wines. Talanta 2014; 123:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Serratosa MP, Marquez A, Moyano L, Zea L, Merida J. Chemical and morphological characterization of Chardonnay and Gewürztraminer grapes and changes during chamber-drying under controlled conditions. Food Chem 2014; 159:128-36. [PMID: 24767035 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the morphological and chemical properties of Chardonnay and Gewürztraminer aromatic grapes (northern Spain) have been studied with the aim to assess their response to chamber-drying under controlled conditions and compare it with that of Pedro Ximenez grapes (southern Spain). Morphological characteristics, such as weight, size and roundness, and other of the skin such as thickness, enabled discrimination of the two types of grapes varieties. Changes in browning index, colour, antioxidant activity, aroma compounds determined by GC-MS and flavan-3-ols and flavonols concentrations determined by HPLC-DAD were studied during drying. Based on the results, Chardonnay and Gewürztraminer grapes contained increased amounts of flavan-3-ol derivatives, which are the greatest contributors to polymerization and condensation reactions. Also, their smaller size resulted in faster drying and leads to sugary musts that were lighter-coloured, less brown and more aromatic than Pedro Ximenez grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Serratosa
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus of Rabanales, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana Marquez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus of Rabanales, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lourdes Moyano
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus of Rabanales, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Luis Zea
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus of Rabanales, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julieta Merida
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus of Rabanales, E-14014 Cordoba, Spain.
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Zea L, Moyano L, Ruiz MJ, Medina M. Odor Descriptors and Aromatic Series During the Oxidative Aging of Oloroso Sherry Wines. International Journal of Food Properties 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2011.599093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Moyano L, Zea L, Moreno JA, Medina M. Evaluation of the active odorants in Amontillado sherry wines during the aging process. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:6900-6904. [PMID: 20465212 DOI: 10.1021/jf100410n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Odor compounds in Amontillado sherry white wine obtained by means of biological aging first and oxidative aging second in American oak casks were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry. Sniffing revealed fruity, fatty, chemical, spicy, vegetable, floral and empyreumatic odors, the first being the most common. Olfactometric intensity was assessed on a four-point scale. Most changes were detected during the first years of the oxidative aging step. Ethyl isobutanoate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl octanoate, and eugenol were the strongest odor compounds detected by sniffing in wines. The odor spectrum values for all active odorants were calculated in relation to ethyl octanoate, this compound being the most potent odorant. On the basis of olfactometric intensities and odor spectrum values, ethyl octanoate, ethyl butanoate, eugenol, ethyl isobutanoate, and sotolon can be deemed the main group of potent odorants in Amontillado wines. These compounds maintained similar relative contributions to the aroma profile during the oxidative aging step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Moyano
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
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Ruiz MJ, Zea L, Moyano L, Medina M. Aroma active compounds during the drying of grapes cv. Pedro Ximenez destined to the production of sweet Sherry wine. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Moyano L, Zea L, Villafuerte L, Medina M. Comparison of odor-active compounds in sherry wines processed from ecologically and conventionally grown Pedro Ximenez grapes. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:968-973. [PMID: 19146368 DOI: 10.1021/jf802252u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aroma of young and biologically aged sherry wines from Pedro Ximenez grape cultivated conventionally and ecologically has been studied. Fifty-five compounds were quantified by GC, and the odor activity values for the 19 odor-active compounds considered were grouped into 8 odorant series, the fruity and fatty series showing the highest OAVs. The OAVs of the eight series were subjected to a principal component analysis. PC1 separated the young wines from the aged wines, also distinguishing the traditional young wines from the ecological young ones, whereas PC2 was effective only in separating the traditional aged Fino wines from the ecologically aged ones. The ecological Fino wines showed lower values than traditional Fino wines for the OAVs of all the series, except for the balsamic and fatty series, the ecologically aged wines showing a sensorial profile similar to that of the traditional Fino but with a lower odor intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Moyano
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Zea L, Moyano L, Medina M. Odorant active compounds in Amontillado wines obtained by combination of two consecutive ageing processes. Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Chaves M, Zea L, Moyano L, Medina M. Changes in color and odorant compounds during oxidative aging of Pedro Ximenez sweet wines. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55:3592-8. [PMID: 17402744 DOI: 10.1021/jf063506v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Pedro Ximenez sweet wines obtained following the typical criaderas and solera method for sherry wines and subjected to oxidative aging for 0, 1.3, 4.2, 7.0, or 11.5 years were studied in terms of color and aroma fraction by using the CIELab method and gas chromatography, respectively. The parameters defining the CIELab color space (a*, b*, and L*) were subjected to a multiple-range test (p<0.05) that allowed discrimination of the five wine aging levels studied into five uniform groups according to aging time. The aroma fraction was found to include 15 active odorant compounds with OAV > 1 that enriched the wines with fruity, fatty, floral, and balsamic notes during the aging process. The changes in color parameters and active odorants were not linearly related to aging time, being especially marked during the first 1.3 years and then less substantial up to the 7 years, the oldest wines exhibiting sensorial properties markedly departing from all others. For the wines aged over 1.3 years (minimum aging), 2,3-butanedione, linalool, and decanal can be used as reliable fingerprints of the older wines' quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Chaves
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
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Bueno J, Peinado R, Moreno J, Medina M, Moyano L, Zea L. Selection of Volatile Aroma Compounds by Statistical and Enological Criteria for Analytical Differentiation of Musts and Wines of Two Grape Varieties. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb14133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Moyano L, Zea L, Moreno J, Medina M. Analytical study of aromatic series in sherry wines subjected to biological aging. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:7356-7361. [PMID: 12452658 DOI: 10.1021/jf020645d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The odor activity values (OAVs) for 49 aroma compounds in commercial sherry pale white wines were grouped, according to the similarity of their aroma descriptors, into nine odor classes with a view to establishing the aroma profile for this type of wine. The results revealed the profile to be largely comprised of the series named "fruity" and "balsamic", mainly as a result of the 1,1-diethoxyethane content in the wines. The same series were calculated from the OAVs obtained in biological aging experiments, carried out with selected strains of the flor yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus, over a period of 9 months. Based on the aroma profiles thus obtained, after 6 months of aging the latter race yielded OAVs for the fruity and balsamic series not significantly different (p < 0.05) from those for commercial wines aged for 5 years. However, except for the series named "solvent", all others exhibited lower values in the experiments carried out with selected strains than in the commercial wines, mainly as a result of the absence of contact with wood of the former wines. Taking into account the results, the biological aging of this type of sherry wine can be shortened by subjecting it to controlled aging with selected yeast strains in a first stage and subsequently allowing it to stand in wood casks in a second stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Moyano
- Departament of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-3, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
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Cortes MB, Moreno JJ, Zea L, Moyano L, Medina M. Response of the aroma fraction in sherry wines subjected to accelerated biological aging. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:3297-3302. [PMID: 10552649 DOI: 10.1021/jf9900130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of an acceleration assay, carried out with a periodic aeration and an increased surface/volume ratio, on various aroma compounds of "fino" Sherry wines aging under a veil of a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae race capensis G1 flor film yeast was studied. The results were subjected to multifactor analysis of variance, and the compounds simultaneously depending on acceleration conditions and aging time at p < 0.01 were subjected to principal component analysis. The first component, accounting for 86.14% of the overall variance, was mainly defined by acetaldehyde and its derivatives 1,1-diethoxyethane and acetoin. These compounds reached higher concentrations in accelerated aging wines in a shorter time than they did in control wines, and no browning problems were detected. Taking into account that these compounds can be used as indicators for biological aging of "fino" Sherry wines, the acceleration condition assayed can be applied to shorten the time of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Cortes
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Córdoba, Spain
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Bricker NS, Zea L, Shapiro M, Sanclemente E, Shankel S. Biologic and physical characteristics of the non-peptidic, non-digitalis-like natriuretic hormone. Kidney Int 1993; 44:937-47. [PMID: 8264153 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1993.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
At least three independent groups of natriuretic hormones have been isolated over the past ten years. Two, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are proteins and the third is made up of digitalis-like substances (DLS). The present report concerns the isolation, substantial purification and biologic actions of an entirely different natriuretic hormone (NH) which appears to be steroidal in nature and an isomer of cortisone. The source of NH was uremic urine. Purification involved successive chromatographic steps including gel filtration and multiple HPLC runs through C-18 resins. A translucent crystal ultimately was obtained. The product was examined using mass spectroscopy with trimethylsilyl derivatization. Only one compound was identifiable. The characteristics of the molecule include: a molecular weight, 360.4; a molecular formula, C21H28O5; a steroidal nucleus; UV absorption at 220 and 290 nm; and intrinsic fluorescence. The onset of action occurs within minutes both in the rat and, as previously shown, in several in vitro systems including the frog skin, toad bladder, fibroblasts and renal tubular epithelial cells grown in culture and isolated perfused cortical collecting tubules. In contrast to DLS, NH has been previously shown not to cross react with digoxin antibodies. Moreover, when given to intact rats, it produces a profound natriuresis but little or no kaliuresis. In contrast to ANF and BNP the compound is active orally as well as intravenously. It is clearly different from cortisone, based both on its biologic and mass spectroscopic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Bricker
- Center for Kidney Research, Loma Linda University Medical Center, School of Medicine, California
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