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Emre E, Ogeturk M, Aydın S, Kuloglu T, Aksu F, Kavakli A. Carvacrol protects rat liver exposed to formaldehyde by regulating oxidative stress, and asprosin and subfatin hormones. Biotech Histochem 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36912062 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2187462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic doses of formaldehyde (FA) can cause oxidative damage and impair energy metabolism. Asprosin (ASP) and subfatin (SUB) are adipokines produced by adipose tissue that help regulate energy metabolism. We investigated the effects of carvacrol (CAR), an antioxidant with hepatoprotective properties, on ASP and SUB in rats exposed to FA using immunohistochemistry and biochemistry. We used 42 male Wistar albino rats divided into six groups of seven: group 1, untreated control; group 2, FA (10 ppm FA by inhalation 8 h/day, 5 days/week); group 3, CAR-20 (20 mg/kg); group 4, CAR-40; group 5, FA (10 ppm FA by inhalation 8 h/day, 5 days/week) + CAR-20 (20 mg/kg); group 6, FA (10 ppm FA by inhalation 8 h/day, 5 days/week) + CAR-40 (40 mg/kg). Levels of ASP and SUB, and total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in blood and liver tissue were measured using ELISA. ASP and SUB immunoreactivity was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The number of apoptotic cells was determined using the TUNEL method. The number of apoptotic cells in group 2 was increased compared to group 1. TOS in group 2 was increased compared to group 1. The numbers of apoptotic cells and TOS in group 3 were decreased compared to group 1. TOS was decreased in group 6 compared to group 2, but TOS was increased compared to group 1. We found ASP and SUB immunoreactivity in the liver. All alterations were reversed by addition of CAR. It appears that FA disrupts energy metabolism and CAR ameliorates the destructive effects of FA when used at appropriate doses, although CAR might be harmful at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emre
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - S Aydın
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry (Firat Hormones Research Group) Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - T Kuloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - F Aksu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
| | - A Kavakli
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkiye
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Akkoc RF, Aksu F, Emre E, Sap O, Karatas A, Aydin S, Kavakli A, Ogeturk M. The morphology of fabella and its prevalence in Turkish society. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:1164-1169. [PMID: 35253172 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202202_28108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fabella is a sesamoid whose prevalence is unstable and can be found as bone or cartilage, which changes over time. This study aims to reveal the prevalence, distribution, gender differences, and morphometric characteristics of cartilage and bony fabella in the Turkish population. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 2.035 individuals over 18 years of age. MR images of 121 individuals, whose MR images of both knees could be obtained by anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the participants, were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS The prevalence of fabella was 39.6% in females, 38.4% in males, and 38.8% in total. The prevalence of cartilage fabella was 9.1%, whereas bone fabella incidence was 29.7% regardless of gender. The fabella's mean thickness, width, length, and distance to the epicondylus lateralis femoris were 3.84 mm, 6.04 mm, 6.23, and 31.26 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The data of this study showing the occurrence and morphometric characteristics of bony and cartilaginous fabella allow early and accurate diagnosis of various pathological conditions caused by fabella.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
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Senol D, Ozbag D, Dedeoglu N, Cevirgen F, Toy S, Ogeturk M, Kose E. Comparison of anthropometric and conic beam computed tomography measurements of patients with and without difficult intubation risk according to modified mallampati score: New markers for difficult intubation. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1609-1615. [PMID: 34782498 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_694_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the anthropometric and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurements taken from risk-free and risky groups by using the modified Mallampati score (MMS). Patients and Methods A total of 176 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 65 in four different MMS classes were included in the study. The patients in classes MMS I and MMS II were accepted as risk-free and the patients in classes MMS III and MMS IV were accepted as risky for intubation. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed on the data to compare the anthropometric and radiological measurements taken from the risk-free and risky groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to the parameters that had a statistically significant difference. Results According to the analysis results, statistically significant differences were found in the neck circumference (NC), maximum interincisal distance (MID), thyromental distance (TMD) and sternomental distance (SMD) of the anthropometric measurements of men and women between the risk-free and risky groups (P < 0.05). In terms of CBCT measurements, the thickness of the tongue (TT), distance between the uvula and posterior wall of pharynx (U-Ph), distance between posterior nasal spine and nasopharynx (Snp-Nph) and length of the epiglottis (LE) were found to have statistically significant differences between the risk-free and risky groups of men and women (P < 0.05). Conclusion The NC, MID, TMD and SMD anthropometric measurements and TT, U-Ph, Snp-Nph and LE radiologic measurements were found to support MMS, which is one of the most widely used bedside intubation prediction tests. In addition to the inclusion of CBCT for intubation prediction, U-Ph and Snp-Nph radiologic measurements were added as difficult intubation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Senol
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - D Ozbag
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - N Dedeoglu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - F Cevirgen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S Toy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - E Kose
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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Emre E, Akkoc RF, Ogeturk M. Prevalence and distribution of triticeal cartilage. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2021; 81:150-156. [PMID: 33438185 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triticeal cartilage can be found in the lateral thyrohyoid ligament. The triticeal cartilage may exist in different shapes and locations; may be present unilaterally or bilaterally, or absent. The study aims to determine the prevalence, distribution, level, shape, and the degree of ossification of the triticeal cartilage by using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Computed tomography angiography images of 1450 patients (785 women and 665 men), obtained in the period from 1 January 2017 to 30 September 2019, were evaluated retrospectively. Any unilateral or bilateral presence or the absence of triticeal cartilage was recorded with its anatomical level, shape, and degree of ossification. RESULTS At least one triticeal cartilage was found in the computed tomography angiography images of 57.4% (833 out of 1450) patients. The prevalence was 51.3% in women (403 out of 785) and 64.7% in men (430 out of 665). Bilateral triticeal cartilages were more common compared to unilateral ones. Ossification was most commonly mild at a rate of 39.1%. A round-shaped triticeal cartilage was the most common form at a rate of 46.6%. Triticeal cartilage was detected at various intervertebral disc levels from the second and third cervical vertebrae to the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. CONCLUSIONS Triticeal cartilage is common in the Turkish population and it should receive substantial attention from clinicians because it can be confused with calcified plaques and fractures of the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage. Therefore; for appropriate diagnoses and treatment, it is important to know the prevalence of triticeal cartilage with its distribution, intervertebral disc levels of location, shapes, and ossification degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emre
- department of anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - R F Akkoc
- department of anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Ogeturk
- department of anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
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Akkoc RF, Aydin S, Goksu M, Ozcan Yildirim S, Eroksuz Y, Ogeturk M, Ugur K, Dagli AF, Yakar B, Sahin I, Aydin S. Can renalase be a novel candidate biomarker for distinguishing renal tumors? Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:520-525. [PMID: 33956551 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1825805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renalase (RNLS) is synthesized mainly in renal tissues. The function of RNLS in cancerous renal tissues has not been investigated. We investigated the synthesis of RNLS in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma with Fuhrman grades (FG): FG1, nucleoli are absent or inconspicuous and basophilic; FG2, nucleoli are conspicuous and eosinophilic and visible but not prominent; FG3, nucleoli are conspicuous and eosinophilic; FG4, extreme nuclear pleomorphism, multinucleate giant cells, and/or rhabdoid and/or sarcomatoid differentiation. We used 90 tissue samples including 15 healthy controls, 15 chromophobe renal cell carcinoma tissues and 10 papillary renal cell carcinoma renal tissues: 12 FG1, 14 FG 2, 14 FG 3 and 10 FG4. RNLS in the tissue samples was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunostaining of RNLS in these tissues. RNLS was significantly greater in the chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma tissues than the control. The least amount of RNLS was found in the renal tissues of clear cell renal cell carcinoma FG1; the amount of RNLS increased as the FG grades increased. Because RNLS increased significantly in renal tissues due to cancer, except for clear cell renal cell carcinoma FG1, RNLS may be useful biomarker for distinguishing grades of renal cancer. Because RNLS increases cell survival, anti-RNLS preparations may be useful for treating cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Goksu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - S Ozcan Yildirim
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Y Eroksuz
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - K Ugur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - A F Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - B Yakar
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - I Sahin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat Hormones Research Group, School of Medicine, Firat University Elazig, Elazig, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Firat Hormones Research Group, School of Medicine, Firat University Elazig, Elazig, Turkey
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Akkoc RF, Ogeturk M, Aydin S, Kuloglu T, Aydin S. Effects of carnosine on apoptosis, transient receptor potential melastatin 2, and betatrophin in rats exposed to formaldehyde. Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:223-229. [PMID: 32580587 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1783571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of exposure to formaldehyde on transient receptor potential melastatin 2, betatrophin, total oxidant status and total antioxidant status in rat liver and kidney tissues. We also investigated the effects of carnosine on formaldehyde treated animals. We used 28 male rats divided ramdomly into four groups of seven: untreated control group, carnosine treated group, formaldehyde treated group and formaldehyde + carnosine group. The experiment lasted for four weeks. Betatrophin levels in samples were measured uing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were measured using REL assay diagnostic kits. We detected betatrophin and transient receptor potential melastatin 2 immunoreactivity using immunohistochemistry and assessed apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. The betatrophin and total antioxidant status levels decreased in kidney, liver and plasma following exposure to formaldehyde, while total oxidant status and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positivity increased. Carnosine supplementation reversed histopathology and biochemical damage caused by formaldehyde. We suggest that carnosine treatment may be useful for protecting persons exposed to formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Akkoc
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Elazig Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Health Science University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - T Kuloglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Aydin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Ogeturk M, Kus I, Pekmez H, Yekeler H, Sahin S, Sarsilmaz M. Inhibition of carbon tetrachloride–mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress by melatonin in experimental liver fibrosis. Toxicol Ind Health 2008; 24:201-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233708093725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, the principal secretory product of the pineal gland, functions as a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger. Additionally, the antiapoptotic effect of melatonin has been observed both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the protective effects of melatonin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)–induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat liver. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided in three equal groups. Group I was used as control. Rats in group II were injected every other day with CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg BW) for a month, whereas rats in group III were treated every other day with the same dose of CCl4 plus melatonin (25 mg/kg BW). At the end of the experiment, all animals were killed by decapitation and the livers were rapidly removed. Some of the liver tissue specimens were used for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels. The remaining tissue specimens were processed for immunohistochemical assessment, and the percentage rates of apoptotic liver cells stained with immunoreactive Bax were determined. Chronic administration of CCl4 significantly increased liver MDA contents, as an end product of lipid peroxidation, and also significantly decreased SOD and GSH-Px activities, emphasizing the generation of increased oxidative stress. Moreover, it caused an evident increase in apoptotic cells. Melatonin treatment significantly reduced MDA levels and elevated SOD and GSH-Px activities in rats received CCl4 plus melatonin. Furthermore, apoptotic changes caused by CCl4 were considerably decreased in these animals. The results of the present study indicate that melatonin treatment substantially prevents CCl4-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage in the liver. Thus, melatonin may serve as a drug for treating many clinical conditions that arise from inappropriate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - I Kus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - H Pekmez
- Elazig School of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - H Yekeler
- Department of Pathology, Elazig Education and Research Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - S Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - M Sarsilmaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Kus I, Colakoglu N, Ogeturk M, Kus MA, Ozen OA, Sarsilmaz M. Effects of testosterone on leptin production in anterior pituitary cells of rats: an immunohistochemical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 53:79-82. [PMID: 17453686 DOI: 10.1080/01485010601164024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically examine the effects of orchidectomy and administration of testosterone hormone on leptin production in the rat anterior pituitary. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Group I and group II were designated as control (sham-orchidectomized) and orchidectomized rats, respectively. Rats in group III were orchidectomized and injected daily with testosterone propionate for 1 month. At the end of the experimental period, all animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The pituitary glands of all rats were removed and processed for semi-quantitative evaluation of immunohistochemical leptin staining. Intensity of immunostaining was determined on a scale between 0 (no staining) and 5 (heavy staining). Immunostaining of leptin was moderate (3+) in control rats, heavy (5+) in orchidectomized rats, and low (1+) in testosterone-treated orchidectomized rats, respectively. These findings indicate that orchidectomy increases leptin secretion in anterior pituitary cells, and this increase of leptin synthesis can be prevented by administration of testosterone propionate. Thus, testosterone seems to affect leptin production in the anterior pituitary of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Ogeturk M, Kus I, Colakoglu N, Zararsiz I, Ilhan N, Sarsilmaz M. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester protects kidneys against carbon tetrachloride toxicity in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 97:273-280. [PMID: 15707765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis produced by honeybees, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate possible protective effects of CAPE on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced renal damage in rats. A total of 24 animals were divided into three equal groups: the control rats received pure olive oil subcutaneously, rats in the second group were injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg, s.c. in olive oil) and rats in the third group were injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) plus CAPE (10 micromol/kg, i.p.) every other day for one month. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected. Serum urea and creatinine levels and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined. Histopathological examination of the kidney was also performed using light microscopic methods. It was found that kidney MDA levels were increased significantly following CCl4 exposure and this increase was significantly inhibited by CAPE treatment, while no significant changes were observed in serum urea and creatinine levels. CCl4 administration alone also caused histopathologically prominent damage in the kidney compared to the control group. Glomerular and tubular degeneration, interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis, and vascular congestion in the peritubular blood vessels were observed in the renal cortex. With exception of rare vascular congestions, these histopathological changes were disappeared in rats treated with CCl4 plus CAPE. In view of the present findings, it is suggested that CAPE protects kidneys against CCl4 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
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Ogeturk M, Kus I, Kavakli A, Zararsiz I, Ilhan N, Sarsilmaz M. Effects of melatonin on carbon tetrachloride-induced changes in rat serum. J Physiol Biochem 2004; 60:205-10. [PMID: 15700767 DOI: 10.1007/bf03167030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a volatile organic chemical, which causes tissue damage, especially to the liver and kidney. In experimental animals it has been shown to be carcinogenic. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of exogenous melatonin administration on the CCl4-induced changes of some biochemical parameters in rat blood. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: Control, CCl4 and CCl4 plus melatonin (CCl4+MEL). Rats in CCl4 group were injected subcutaneously with CCl4 0.5 ml/kg in olive oil while rats in CCl4+MEL group were injected with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) plus melatonin (25 mg/kg in 10% ethanol) every other day for one month. Control rats were treated with olive oil. Serum urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total and conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT), total iron, and magnesium levels were determined. Serum AST, ALT, total and conjugated bilirubin, ALP, gamma-GT, and total iron levels were significantly higher in CCl4-treated rats than in the controls, while urea, total protein, and albumin levels were significantly lower. Melatonin treatment did not cause a significantly change in serum urea, total protein, and albumin levels. However, the elevations in AST, ALT, total and conjugated bilirubin, ALP, gamma-GT, and total iron levels induced by CCl4 injections were significantly reduced by melatonin. On the other hand, melatonin administration significantly decreased serum magnesium levels. These results indicate that melatonin could be a protective agent against the CCl4 toxicity in rats, most likely through its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogeturk
- Department of Anatomy, Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
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