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Tissink EP, Shadrin AA, van der Meer D, Parker N, Hindley G, Roelfs D, Frei O, Fan CC, Nagel M, Nærland T, Budisteanu M, Djurovic S, Westlye LT, van den Heuvel MP, Posthuma D, Kaufmann T, Dale AM, Andreassen OA. Abundant pleiotropy across neuroimaging modalities identified through a multivariate genome-wide association study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2655. [PMID: 38531894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic pleiotropy is abundant across spatially distributed brain characteristics derived from one neuroimaging modality (e.g. structural, functional or diffusion magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). A better understanding of pleiotropy across modalities could inform us on the integration of brain function, micro- and macrostructure. Here we show extensive genetic overlap across neuroimaging modalities at a locus and gene level in the UK Biobank (N = 34,029) and ABCD Study (N = 8607). When jointly analysing phenotypes derived from structural, functional and diffusion MRI in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with the Multivariate Omnibus Statistical Test (MOSTest), we boost the discovery of loci and genes beyond previously identified effects for each modality individually. Cross-modality genes are involved in fundamental biological processes and predominantly expressed during prenatal brain development. We additionally boost prediction of psychiatric disorders by conditioning independent GWAS on our multimodal multivariate GWAS. These findings shed light on the shared genetic mechanisms underlying variation in brain morphology, functional connectivity, and tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Tissink
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A A Shadrin
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
| | - D van der Meer
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - N Parker
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hindley
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - D Roelfs
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Frei
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
| | - C C Fan
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - M Nagel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Nærland
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 31, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Budisteanu
- Prof. Dr. Alex Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, Bucharest, Romania
- "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Djurovic
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 31, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 31, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M P van den Heuvel
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology and Psychiatry, section Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Kaufmann
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - A M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 48, Oslo, Norway.
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Division of Paediatric Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Building 31, Oslo, Norway.
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Collin G, de Nijs J, Hulshoff Pol HE, Cahn W, van den Heuvel MP. Connectome organization is related to longitudinal changes in general functioning, symptoms and IQ in chronic schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2016; 173:166-173. [PMID: 25843919 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests schizophrenia to involve widespread alterations in the macroscale wiring architecture of the human connectome. Recent findings of attenuated connectome alterations in unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients suggest that altered connectome organization may relate to the vulnerability to develop the disorder, but whether it relates to progression of illness after disease onset is currently unknown. Here, we examined the interaction between connectome structure and longitudinal changes in general functioning, clinical symptoms and IQ in the 3years following MRI assessment in a group of chronically ill schizophrenia patients. Effects in patients were compared to associations between connectome organization and changes in subclinical symptoms and IQ in healthy controls and unaffected siblings of schizophrenia patients. Analyzing the patient sample revealed a relationship between structural connectivity-particularly among central 'brain hubs'-and progressive changes in general functioning (p=0.007), suggesting that more prominent impairments of hub connectivity may herald future functional decline. Our findings further indicate that affected local connectome organization relates to longitudinal increases in overall PANSS symptoms (p=0.013) and decreases in total IQ (p=0.003), independent of baseline symptoms and IQ. No significant associations were observed in controls and siblings, suggesting that the findings in patients represent effects of ongoing illness, as opposed to normal time-related changes. In all, our findings suggest connectome structure to have predictive value for the course of illness in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Collin
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J de Nijs
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W Cahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M P van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van Rooij SJH, Kennis M, Sjouwerman R, van den Heuvel MP, Kahn RS, Geuze E. Smaller hippocampal volume as a vulnerability factor for the persistence of post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2737-2746. [PMID: 25936409 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smaller hippocampal volume has often been observed in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is no consensus whether this is a result of stress/trauma exposure, or constitutes a vulnerability factor for the development of PTSD. Second, it is unclear whether hippocampal volume normalizes with successful treatment of PTSD, or whether a smaller hippocampus is a risk factor for the persistence of PTSD. METHOD Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and clinical interviews were collected from 47 war veterans with PTSD, 25 healthy war veterans (combat controls) and 25 healthy non-military controls. All veterans were scanned a second time with a 6- to 8-month interval, during which PTSD patients received trauma-focused therapy. Based on post-treatment PTSD symptoms, patients were divided into a PTSD group who was in remission (n = 22) and a group in whom PTSD symptoms persisted (n = 22). MRI data were analysed with Freesurfer. RESULTS Smaller left hippocampal volume was observed in PTSD patients compared with both control groups. Hippocampal volume of the combat controls did not differ from healthy controls. Second, pre- and post-treatment analyses of the PTSD patients and combat controls revealed reduced (left) hippocampal volume only in the persistent patients at both time points. Importantly, hippocampal volume did not change with treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a smaller (left) hippocampus is not the result of stress/trauma exposure. Furthermore, hippocampal volume does not increase with successful treatment. Instead, we demonstrate for the first time that a smaller (left) hippocampus constitutes a risk factor for the persistence of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus,University Medical Center Utrecht,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - M Kennis
- Department of Psychiatry,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus,University Medical Center Utrecht,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - R Sjouwerman
- Department of Psychiatry,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus,University Medical Center Utrecht,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - M P van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus,University Medical Center Utrecht,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus,University Medical Center Utrecht,Utrecht,The Netherlands
| | - E Geuze
- Department of Psychiatry,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus,University Medical Center Utrecht,Utrecht,The Netherlands
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Binicewicz FZM, van Strien NM, Wadman WJ, van den Heuvel MP, Cappaert NLM. Graph analysis of the anatomical network organization of the hippocampal formation and parahippocampal region in the rat. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:1607-21. [PMID: 25618022 PMCID: PMC4819791 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-0992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Graph theory was used to analyze the anatomical network of the rat hippocampal formation and the parahippocampal region (van Strien et al., Nat Rev Neurosci 10(4):272-282, 2009). For this analysis, the full network was decomposed along the three anatomical axes, resulting in three networks that describe the connectivity within the rostrocaudal, dorsoventral and laminar dimensions. The rostrocaudal network had a connection density of 12% and a path length of 2.4. The dorsoventral network had a high cluster coefficient (0.53), a relatively high path length (1.62) and a rich club was identified. The modularity analysis revealed three modules in the dorsoventral network. The laminar network contained most information. The laminar dimension revealed a network with high clustering coefficient (0.47), a relatively high path length (2.11) and four significantly increased characteristic network building blocks (structural motifs). Thirteen rich club nodes were identified, almost all of them situated in the parahippocampal region. Six connector hubs were detected and all of them were located in the entorhinal cortex. Three large modules were revealed, indicating a close relationship between the perirhinal and postrhinal cortex as well as between the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex. These results confirmed the central position of the entorhinal cortex in the (para)hippocampal network and this possibly explains why pathology in this region has such profound impact on cognitive function, as seen in several brain diseases. The results also have implications for the idea of strict separation of the "spatial" and the "non-spatial" information stream into the hippocampus. This two-stream memory model suggests that the information influx from, respectively, the postrhinal-medial entorhinal cortex and the perirhinal-lateral entorhinal cortex is separate, but the current analysis shows that this apparent separation is not determined by anatomical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z M Binicewicz
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Room C3.266, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N M van Strien
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - W J Wadman
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Room C3.266, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M P van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N L M Cappaert
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Room C3.266, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Onkenhout W, Venizelos V, van der Poel PF, van den Heuvel MP, Poorthuis BJ. Identification and quantification of intermediates of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in plasma of patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders. Clin Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/41.10.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The free fatty acid and total fatty acid profiles in plasma of nine patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, two with very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency and two with mild-type multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MAD-m) deficiency, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the plasma of patients with MCAD deficiency we found increases of octanoic acid (8:0), decanoic acid (10:0), 4-decenoic acid (10:1 omega 6), and 4,7-decadienoic acid (10:2 omega 3), all present almost exclusively in free form. The patients with VLCAD deficiency showed increases of mainly 5-tetradecenoic acid (14:1 omega 9) and to a minor extent 5-dodecenoic acid (12:1 omega 7), 5,8-tetradecadienoic acid (14:2 omega 6), and 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid (16:2 omega 6), in both the free and esterified fatty acid fraction. The MAD-m patients showed variable increases of all the unusual fatty acids present in MCAD- and VLCAD-deficient plasma. The 14:1 omega 9, 14:2 omega 6, and 16:2 omega 6 fatty acids were present mainly in the esterified form. Measurement of these fatty acids in plasma by the relatively simple method presented here provides a sensitive and specific aid in the diagnosis of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Onkenhout
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V Venizelos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P F van der Poel
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - B J Poorthuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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