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Hausmann BJM, Bulu IB, Deotare PB, McCutcheon M, Venkataraman V, Markham ML, Twitchen DJ, Lončar M. Integrated high-quality factor optical resonators in diamond. Nano Lett 2013; 13:1898-1902. [PMID: 23427820 DOI: 10.1021/nl3037454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The realization of an integrated diamond photonic platform, based on a thin single crystal diamond film on top of a silicon dioxide/silicon substrate, is reported. Using this approach, we demonstrate high-quality factor single crystal diamond race-track resonators, operating at near-infrared wavelengths (1550 nm). The devices are integrated with low-loss diamond waveguides terminated with polymer pads (spot size converters) to facilitate in- (out-) coupling of light from (to) an optical fiber. Optical characterization of these resonators reveal quality factors as high as ~250,000 and overall insertion losses as low as 1 dB/facet. Scattering induced mode splitting as well as signatures of nonlinear effects such as optical bistability are observed at an input pump power of ~100 mW in the waveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J M Hausmann
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Aliu E, Arlen T, Aune T, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bouvier A, Bradbury SM, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Byrum K, Cannon A, Cesarini A, Christiansen JL, Ciupik L, Collins-Hughes E, Connolly MP, Cui W, Dickherber R, Duke C, Errando M, Falcone A, Finley JP, Finnegan G, Fortson L, Furniss A, Galante N, Gall D, Gibbs K, Gillanders GH, Godambe S, Griffin S, Grube J, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Huan H, Hughes G, Hui CM, Humensky TB, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kertzman M, Kieda D, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, Lyutikov M, Madhavan AS, Maier G, Majumdar P, McArthur S, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Moriarty P, Mukherjee R, Nuñez P, Ong RA, Orr M, Otte AN, Park N, Perkins JS, Pizlo F, Pohl M, Prokoph H, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Roache E, Rose HJ, Ruppel J, Saxon DB, Schroedter M, Sembroski GH, Şentürk GD, Smith AW, Staszak D, Tešić G, Theiling M, Thibadeau S, Tsurusaki K, Tyler J, Varlotta A, Vassiliev VV, Vincent S, Vivier M, Wakely SP, Ward JE, Weekes TC, Weinstein A, Weisgarber T, Williams DA, Zitzer B. Detection of Pulsed Gamma Rays Above 100 GeV from the Crab Pulsar. Science 2011; 334:69-72. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1208192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Aliu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - T. Arlen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - T. Aune
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - M. Beilicke
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - W. Benbow
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - A. Bouvier
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - S. M. Bradbury
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J. H. Buckley
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - V. Bugaev
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - K. Byrum
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - A. Cannon
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - A. Cesarini
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - J. L. Christiansen
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 94307, USA
| | - L. Ciupik
- Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - E. Collins-Hughes
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M. P. Connolly
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - W. Cui
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - R. Dickherber
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - C. Duke
- Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112–1690, USA
| | - M. Errando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Lab, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J. P. Finley
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - G. Finnegan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - L. Fortson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - A. Furniss
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - N. Galante
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - D. Gall
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - K. Gibbs
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - G. H. Gillanders
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - S. Godambe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - S. Griffin
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - J. Grube
- Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - R. Guenette
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - G. Gyuk
- Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - D. Hanna
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - J. Holder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - H. Huan
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - G. Hughes
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C. M. Hui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - T. B. Humensky
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - A. Imran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - P. Kaaret
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - N. Karlsson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - M. Kertzman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135–0037, USA
| | - D. Kieda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - H. Krawczynski
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - F. Krennrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - M. J. Lang
- School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - M. Lyutikov
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - A. S Madhavan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - G. Maier
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - P. Majumdar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S. McArthur
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - A. McCann
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - M. McCutcheon
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - P. Moriarty
- Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - R. Mukherjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
| | - P. Nuñez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - R. A. Ong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M. Orr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - A. N. Otte
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - N. Park
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J. S. Perkins
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - F. Pizlo
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - M. Pohl
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - H. Prokoph
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J. Quinn
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - K. Ragan
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - L. C. Reyes
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - P. T. Reynolds
- Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - E. Roache
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - H. J. Rose
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - J. Ruppel
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - D. B. Saxon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - M. Schroedter
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - G. H. Sembroski
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - G. D. Şentürk
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - A. W. Smith
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - D. Staszak
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - G. Tešić
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - M. Theiling
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - S. Thibadeau
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - K. Tsurusaki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - J. Tyler
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - A. Varlotta
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - V. V. Vassiliev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - S. Vincent
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - M. Vivier
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - S. P. Wakely
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - J. E. Ward
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - T. C. Weekes
- Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
| | - A. Weinstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - T. Weisgarber
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - D. A. Williams
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - B. Zitzer
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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Mudd S, Lucké B, McCutcheon M, Strumia M. ON THE MECHANISM OF OPSONIN AND BACTERIOTROPIN ACTION : VI. AGGLUTINATION AND TROPIN ACTION BY PRECIPITIN SERA. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SENSITIZED SURFACE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 52:313-29. [PMID: 19869767 PMCID: PMC2131881 DOI: 10.1084/jem.52.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a further test of the theory of tropin action proposed in the preceding paper artificial surfaces have been prepared, and have been found to be phagocytized according to prediction from the theory. Protein was adsorbed on collodion particles according to the technique of F. S. Jones. These particles were then agglutinated and prepared for phagocytosis by the corresponding protein precipitin sera. The precipitating, agglutinating, surface and tropin effects for each serum or serum globulin fraction have been found to be in satisfactory quantitative correspondence. All of these effects were serologically specific; all remained almost unaffected by inactivation of the immune sera for 30 minutes at 56°C. or by washing of the particles after sensitization. The surfaces of particles maximally sensitized by homologous rabbit immune serum or one of its globulin fractions have shown certain characteristic properties, i.e., they were cohesive, had wetting properties characteristic for protein, and were isoelectric at pH. 5.5 to 5.8. The same set of properties were found for immune precipitate in the zone of maximal precipitation. The same properties have also been found for maximally sensitized acid-fast bacteria, and for maximally sensitized sheep erythrocytes. These results indicate, we believe, that precipitation, agglutination, the surface changes and increased phagocytosis are all consequences of one underlying phenomenon. This phenomenon is the specific chemcal combination with, and deposit on the surface of the antigen of antibody protein. The several serological reactions then follow as consequences of the properties of the sensitized surface and of the special environing conditions. The antibody is contained in the globulin fractions of immune serum, and appears to be a globulin with physico-chemical differences from normal serum globulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mudd
- Henry Phipps Institute and the Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Abstract
1. Solutions containing NH(4)OH and NaOH, and CO(2) and HCl may be used to produce various combinations of extracellular and intracellular reactions in starfish eggs, Gonionemus, and Nitella cells. 2. Staining by basic dyes is, with a constant intracellular reaction, favored by increased extracellular alkalinity. With a constant extracellular reaction, staining is hindered by increased intracellular alkalinity. 3. These facts are in opposition to the view that staining of cells by basic dyes is chiefly governed by a combination of the dyes with cell proteins. It is more in harmony with the view that the combination is with a substance or substances of acid nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCutcheon
- McManes Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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Mudd S, Lucké B, McCutcheon M, Strumia M. ON THE MECHANISM OF OPSONIN AND BACTERIOTROPIN ACTION : I. CORRELATION BETWEEN CHANGES IN BACTERIAL SURFACE PROPERTIES AND IN PHAGOCYTOSIS CAUSED BY SERA OF ANIMALS UNDER IMMUNIZATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 49:779-95. [PMID: 19869582 PMCID: PMC2131589 DOI: 10.1084/jem.49.5.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methods are described for investigating the relation between phagocytosis of bacteria by polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and certain physical-chemical properties of the bacterial surface. Serum sensitization causes the following changes in the properties of acid-fast bacteria: (a) increased cohesiveness, (b) decrease in surface electric potential difference, (c) decrease in wettability of the bacteria by oil, and (d) increased phagocytosis. Tests have been conducted periodically with the sera of 4 rabbits under active immunization with as many strains of acid-fast bacteria; the parallelism between the alteration in bacterial surface properties and the promotion of phagocytosis by these sera has been, within the experimental error, complete. The percentage of phagocytosis of a given bacterial suspension has been found to depend both upon the sensitizing serum component or components deposited upon the bacterium and upon the intrinsic properties of the unsensitized bacterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mudd
- Henry Phipps Institute and the Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Strumia M, Mudd S, Mudd EB, Lucké B, McCutcheon M. ON THE MECHANISM OF OPSONIN AND BACTERIOTROPIN ACTION : V. EXPERIMENTAL TEST OF A THEORY OF TROPIN ACTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 52:299-312. [PMID: 19869766 PMCID: PMC2131876 DOI: 10.1084/jem.52.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antisera against several strains of acid-fast bacteria have been separated into their euglobulin, pseudoglobulin and albumin fractions. The globulin fractions have been found to possess the essential properties of bacteriotropic sera: thus they alter the bacterial surface properties, and, in quantitative correspondence, cause agglutination and phagocytosis; these several effects withstand washing of the sensitized bacteria; the effects are little if at all affected by inactivation of the antisera before fractionation; the combination of antibody and antigen is serologically specific. The conclusion is drawn that the contact of antigen with fresh homologous immune serum results in the deposit on the antigen surface of a substance or substances contained in the globulin fractions of the antiserum; as a consequence of this surface deposit leucocytes can spread upon and engulf the antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Strumia
- Department of Pathology and The Henry Phipps Institute of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Abstract
1. The effect of HCl, NaOH, CO2, and NH3 on the volume of unfertilized Arbacia eggs was tested over a wide range of pH values. 2. No swelling occurred, except in HCl solutions, and there not until after injury or death had occurred. 3. Whereas the volume of erythrocytes and of proteins such as gelatin is known to be dependent on the pH of the solution, such a relation does not exist in the case of living and uninjured cells, at least of the type tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucke
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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Abstract
1. The rate of exosmosis of water was studied in unfertilized Arbacia eggs, in order to bring out possible differences between the kinetics of exosmosis and endosmosis. 2. Exosmosis, like endosmosis, is found to follow the equation See PDF for Equation, in which a is the total volume of water that will leave the cell before osmotic equilibrium is attained, x is the volume that has already left the cell at time t, and k is the velocity constant. 3. The velocity constants of the two processes are equal, provided the salt concentration of the medium is the same. 4. The temperature characteristic of exosmosis, as of endomosis, is high. 5. It is concluded that the kinetics of exosmosis and endosmosis of water in these cells are identical, the only difference in the processes being in the direction of the driving force of osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCutcheon
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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Lucke B, McCutcheon M. THE EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION OF THE MEDIUM ON THE RATE OF OSMOSIS OF WATER THROUGH THE MEMBRANE OF LIVING CELLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 10:665-70. [PMID: 19872352 PMCID: PMC2140925 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.10.5.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Using the unfertilized egg of the sea urchin, Arbacia, as osmometer, it was found that the rate with which water enters or leaves the cell depends on the osmotic pressure of the medium: the velocity constant of the diffusion process is higher when the cell is in concentrated sea water, and lower when the sea water medium is diluted with distilled water. Differences of more than tenfold in the value of the velocity constant were obtained in this way. When velocity constants are plotted against concentration of medium, a sigmoid curve is obtained. 2. These results are believed to indicate that cells are more permeable to water when the osmotic pressure of the medium is high than when it is low. This relation would be accounted for if water should diffuse through pores in a partially hydrated gel, constituting the cell membrane. In a medium of high osmotic pressure, the gel is conceived to give up water, to shrink, and therefore to allow widening of its pores with more ready diffusion of water through them. Conversely, in solutions of lower osmotic pressure, the gel would take up water and its pores become narrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucke
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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Lucké B, McCutcheon M, Strumia M, Mudd S. ON THE MECHANISM OF OPSONIN AND BACTERIOTROPIN ACTION : II. CORRELATION BETWEEN CHANGES IN BACTERIAL SURFACE PROPERTIES AND IN PHAGOCYTOSIS CAUSED BY NORMAL AND IMMUNE SERA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 49:797-813. [PMID: 19869583 PMCID: PMC2131585 DOI: 10.1084/jem.49.5.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The work reported in this and in previous papers (1, 7) demonstrates the following relations for acid-fast bacteria and rabbit polymorphonudear leucocytes: 1. The combination of a substance or substances present in fresh immune rabbit serum, heated or unheated, or in fresh unheated normal rabbit serum, with a substance or substances in the bacterial surface causes an increase in cohesiveness, decrease in surface potential difference and characteristic alteration in wetting properties of the bacteria, and prepares the bacteria for phagocytosis. 2. (a) The effective substance or substances in the serum may become so altered as the result of heating or aging that combination with the bacterial surface, while causing changes in bacterial surface properties indistinguishable by the present physical-chemical tests from these just mentioned, may not lead to phagocytosis, or may lead to phagocytosis with a prezone not paralleled by a prezone in the changes in surface properties. (b) Sensitization of bacteria with human sera causes changes in surface properties similar to those caused by rabbit sera, but does not lead to phagocytosis by rabbit leucocytes. The spreading requirements of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes are evidently highly selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucké
- Department of Pathology, and the Henry Phipps Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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12
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Abstract
1. Permeability to water in unfertilized eggs of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, was studied by measuring the rate of swelling in hypotonic dextrose solution. 2. Permeability is greatly affected by addition of electrolytes in low concentration. 3. A decrease in permeability to water was found with increasing valence of the cation, using a series of cobaltammine chlorides in which the valence of the cation ranged from 1 to 6. 4. Conversely, an increase in permeability to water was found with increasing valence of the anion, using two series of potassium salts in which the valence of the anion ranged from 1 to 4, and 1 to 3, respectively. 5. It is concluded that the effect of electrolytes on permeability to water depends chiefly on the sign and the number of charges on the ion, in the sense that positive ions decrease permeability to water, while negative ions increase permeability to water; and the effectiveness of the ion is greater the higher its valence. 6. Antagonism has been demonstrated between cations and anions in their effect on permeability, and the method employed permits quantitative study of such antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucké
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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Abstract
Using unfertilized eggs of Arbacia punctulata as natural osmometers an attempt has been made to account for the course of swelling and shrinking of these cells in anisotonic solutions by means of the laws governing osmosis and diffusion. The method employed has been to compute permeability of the cell to water, as measured by the rate of volume change per unit of cell surface per unit of osmotic pressure outstanding between the cell and its medium. Permeability to water as here defined and as somewhat differently defined by Northrop is approximately constant during swelling and shrinking, at least for the first several minutes of these processes. Permeability is found to be independent of the osmotic pressure of the solution in which cells are swelling. Water is found to leave cells more readily than it enters, that is, permeability is greater during exosmosis than during endosmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucké
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, the Johnson Foundation for Medical Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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McCutcheon M, Mudd S, Strumia M, Lucké B. ON THE MECHANISM OF OPSONIN AND BACTERIOTROPIN ACTION : IV. THE ISOELECTRIC POINTS OF CERTAIN SENSITIZED ANTIGENS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 13:669-81. [PMID: 19872556 PMCID: PMC2141072 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.13.6.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sensitization with increasing concentrations of homologous immune serum shifts the isoelectric point of the antigens studied progressively to the alkaline side. Antigens maximally sensitized with rabbit sera have shown isoelectric points of pH 5.6 to 5.8. The globulins precipitated or salted out of the same immune sera have been isoelectric at pH 5.1 to 5.2. The combination of antigen with antibody depends of course upon specific affinities; the surface properties of the sensitized antigen, agglutination and phagocytosis depend primarily upon the properties of the sensitizing serum substances combined with and deposited on the antigen surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCutcheon
- The Henry Phipps Institute and the Department of Pathology of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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McCutcheon M, Strumia M, Mudd S, Mudd EB, Lucké B. ON THE MECHANISM OF OPSONIN AND BACTERIOTROPIN ACTION : III. THE DEVELOPMENT AND EFFECT OF THE ANTIBODIES FOUND IN EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULOSIS OF RABBITS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 49:815-31. [PMID: 19869584 PMCID: PMC2131588 DOI: 10.1084/jem.49.5.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits infected intravenously with virulent mammalian tubercle bacilli have in a majority of cases developed circulating antibodies to a slight but appreciable degree. The increase in titer was detected in one group of rabbits within the 2nd or 3rd week, in others during the 2nd month of infection. Rabbits with residual pulmonary foci, resulting from infection 6 months or more previously with human tubercle bacilli, on reinfection with bovine tubercle bacilli promptly developed circulating antibodies strikingly in excess of those found during the course of primary infection. Such antibodies were present 6 or 7 days after reinfection. The changes in titer during tuberculous infection as detected by the bacterial surface reactions and by phagocytosis were again, within the experimental error, in quantitative correspondence. The loss of phagocytosis-promoting power in heated normal serum involves an exception to this correspondence between surface and phagocytosis effects. This exception has already been discussed in an earlier paper (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCutcheon
- Department of Pathology and the Henry Phipps Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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Abstract
The rate of swelling of unfertilized sea urchin eggs in hypotonic sea water was investigated. Analysis of curves leads to the following conclusions. 1. The rate of swelling follows the equation, See PDF for Equation where Veq., V0, and Vt stand for volume at equilibrium, at first instant, and at time t, respectively, the other symbols having their usual significance. This equation is found to hold over a wide range of temperatures and osmotic pressures. This relation is the one expected in a diffusion process. 2. The rate of swelling is found to have a high temperature coefficient (Q10 = 2 to 3, or µ = 13,000 to 19,000). This deviation from the usual effect of temperature on diffusion processes is thought to be associated with changes in cell permeability to water. The possible influence of changes in viscosity is discussed. 3. The lower the osmotic pressure of the solution, the longer it takes for swelling of the cell. Thus at 15° in 80 per cent sea water, the velocity constant has a value of 0.072, in 20 per cent sea water, of 0.006.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCutcheon
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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Abstract
We have attempted to answer the question: How nearly ideal, as an osmometer, is the unfertilized Arbacia egg? The following conclusion have been reached: 1. Volumes can be measured accurately over a wide range of pressures since the cell is in general spherical and does not suffer deformation from its own weight or other factors. 2. The product of volume and pressure is approximately constant, if allowance be made for osmotically inactive cell contents. It is computed that from 7 to 14 per cent of cell volume is occupied by osmotically inactive material. 3. Evidence is presented that no appreciable escape of cell contents occurs while the cell is in hypotonic sea water; that, therefore, the semipermeability of the membrane is approximately perfect, so long as injury to the cell is avoided. 4. In comparison with osmotic pressure the influence of other forces, such as elasticity or surface tension, on cell volume must in these experiments be slight.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCutcheon
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, the Johnson foundation for Medical Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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18
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Abstract
1. Permeability to water in unfertilized eggs of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, is found to be greater in hypotonic solutions of dextrose, saccharose and glycocoll than in sea water of the same osmotic pressure. 2. The addition to dextrose solution of small amounts of CaCl2 or MgCl2 restores the permeability approximately to the value obtained in sea water. 3. This effect of CaCl2 and MgCl2 is antagonized by the further addition of NaCl or KCl. 4. It is concluded that the NaCl and KCl tend to increase the permeability of the cell to water, CaCl2 and MgCl2 to decrease it. 5. The method here employed can be used for quantitative study of salt antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCutcheon
- Laboratory of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
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Acciari VA, Aliu E, Arlen T, Bautista M, Beilicke M, Benbow W, Bradbury SM, Buckley JH, Bugaev V, Butt Y, Byrum K, Cannon A, Celik O, Cesarini A, Chow YC, Ciupik L, Cogan P, Cui W, Dickherber R, Fegan SJ, Finley JP, Fortin P, Fortson L, Furniss A, Gall D, Gillanders GH, Grube J, Guenette R, Gyuk G, Hanna D, Holder J, Horan D, Hui CM, Humensky TB, Imran A, Kaaret P, Karlsson N, Kieda D, Kildea J, Konopelko A, Krawczynski H, Krennrich F, Lang MJ, LeBohec S, Maier G, McCann A, McCutcheon M, Millis J, Moriarty P, Ong RA, Otte AN, Pandel D, Perkins JS, Petry D, Pohl M, Quinn J, Ragan K, Reyes LC, Reynolds PT, Roache E, Roache E, Rose HJ, Schroedter M, Sembroski GH, Smith AW, Swordy SP, Theiling M, Toner JA, Varlotta A, Vincent S, Wakely SP, Ward JE, Weekes TC, Weinstein A, Williams DA, Wissel S, Wood M, Walker RC, Davies F, Hardee PE, Junor W, Ly C, Aharonian F, Akhperjanian AG, Anton G, Barres de Almeida U, Bazer-Bachi AR, Becherini Y, Behera B, Bernlöhr K, Bochow A, Boisson C, Bolmont J, Borrel V, Brucker J, Brun F, Brun P, Bühler R, Bulik T, Büsching I, Boutelier T, Chadwick PM, Charbonnier A, Chaves RCG, Cheesebrough A, Chounet LM, Clapson AC, Coignet G, Dalton M, Daniel MK, Davids ID, Degrange B, Deil C, Dickinson HJ, Djannati-Ataï A, Domainko W, Drury LO, Dubois F, Dubus G, Dyks J, Dyrda M, Egberts K, Emmanoulopoulos D, Espigat P, Farnier C, Feinstein F, Fiasson A, Förster A, Fontaine G, Füssling M, Gabici S, Gallant YA, Gérard L, Gerbig D, Giebels B, Glicenstein JF, Glück B, Goret P, Göhring D, Hauser D, Hauser M, Heinz S, Heinzelmann G, Henri G, Hermann G, Hinton JA, Hoffmann A, Hofmann W, Holleran M, Hoppe S, Horns D, Jacholkowska A, de Jager OC, Jahn C, Jung I, Katarzyński K, Katz U, Kaufmann S, Kendziorra E, Kerschhaggl M, Khangulyan D, Khélifi B, Keogh D, Kluźniak W, Kneiske T, Komin N, Kosack K, Lamanna G, Lenain JP, Lohse T, Marandon V, Martin JM, Martineau-Huynh O, Marcowith A, Maurin D, McComb TJL, Medina MC, Moderski R, Moulin E, Naumann-Godo M, de Naurois M, Nedbal D, Nekrassov D, Nicholas B, Niemiec J, Nolan SJ, Ohm S, Olive JF, de Oña Wilhelmi E, Orford KJ, Ostrowski M, Panter M, Paz Arribas M, Pedaletti G, Pelletier G, Petrucci PO, Pita S, Pühlhofer G, Punch M, Quirrenbach A, Raubenheimer BC, Raue M, Rayner SM, Renaud M, Rieger F, Ripken J, Rob L, Rosier-Lees S, Rowell G, Rudak B, Rulten CB, Ruppel J, Sahakian V, Santangelo A, Schlickeiser R, Schöck FM, Schröder R, Schwanke U, Schwarzburg S, Schwemmer S, Shalchi A, Sikora M, Skilton JL, Sol H, Spangler D, Stawarz Ł, Steenkamp R, Stegmann C, Stinzing F, Superina G, Szostek A, Tam PH, Tavernet JP, Terrier R, Tibolla O, Tluczykont M, van Eldik C, Vasileiadis G, Venter C, Venter L, Vialle JP, Vincent P, Vivier M, Völk HJ, Volpe F, Wagner SJ, Ward M, Zdziarski AA, Zech A, Anderhub H, Antonelli LA, Antoranz P, Backes M, Baixeras C, Balestra S, Barrio JA, Bastieri D, Becerra González J, Becker JK, Bednarek W, Berger K, Bernardini E, Biland A, Bock RK, Bonnoli G, Bordas P, Borla Tridon D, Bosch-Ramon V, Bose D, Braun I, Bretz T, Britvitch I, Camara M, Carmona E, Commichau S, Contreras JL, Cortina J, Costado MT, Covino S, Curtef V, Dazzi F, De Angelis A, De Cea del Pozo E, Delgado Mendez C, De los Reyes R, De Lotto B, De Maria M, De Sabata F, Dominguez A, Dorner D, Doro M, Elsaesser D, Errando M, Ferenc D, Fernández E, Firpo R, Fonseca MV, Font L, Galante N, García López RJ, Garczarczyk M, Gaug M, Goebel F, Hadasch D, Hayashida M, Herrero A, Hildebrand D, Höhne-Mönch D, Hose J, Hsu CC, Jogler T, Kranich D, La Barbera A, Laille A, Leonardo E, Lindfors E, Lombardi S, Longo F, López M, Lorenz E, Majumdar P, Maneva G, Mankuzhiyil N, Mannheim K, Maraschi L, Mariotti M, Martínez M, Mazin D, Meucci M, Miranda JM, Mirzoyan R, Miyamoto H, Moldón J, Moles M, Moralejo A, Nieto D, Nilsson K, Ninkovic J, Oya I, Paoletti R, Paredes JM, Pasanen M, Pascoli D, Pauss F, Pegna RG, Perez-Torres MA, Persic M, Peruzzo L, Prada F, Prandini E, Puchades N, Reichardt I, Rhode W, Ribó M, Rico J, Rissi M, Robert A, Rügamer S, Saggion A, Saito TY, Salvati M, Sanchez-Conde M, Satalecka K, Scalzotto V, Scapin V, Schweizer T, Shayduk M, Shore SN, Sidro N, Sierpowska-Bartosik A, Sillanpää A, Sitarek J, Sobczynska D, Spanier F, Stamerra A, Stark LS, Takalo L, Tavecchio F, Temnikov P, Tescaro D, Teshima M, Torres DF, Turini N, Vankov H, Wagner RM, Zabalza V, Zandanel F, Zanin R, Zapatero J. Radio Imaging of the Very-High-Energy γ-Ray Emission Region in the Central Engine of a Radio Galaxy. Science 2009; 325:444-8. [PMID: 19574351 DOI: 10.1126/science.1175406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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McCutcheon M, Wehner N, Wensky A, Kushner M, Doan S, Hsiao L, Calabresi P, Ha T, Tran TV, Tate KM, Winkelhake J, Spack EG. A sensitive ELISPOT assay to detect low-frequency human T lymphocytes. J Immunol Methods 1997; 210:149-66. [PMID: 9520298 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(97)00182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We extended the sensitivity of the ELISPOT assay by including an antigen-driven proliferation step prior to a final restimulation with antigen and irradiated antigen presenting cells (APCs). This improved sensitivity made the modified ELISPOT assay better suited to the detection of rare or low frequency T lymphocytes than the standard ELISPOT assay or alternatives such as limiting dilution analysis or in situ hybridization. Use of ELISA-grade plastic or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) plates for the detection of different cytokines improved the signal-to-noise ratio for counting cytokine spots, and use of video computer imaging software improved objective quantitation. Analysis of antigen-reactive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using both the traditional and our modified ELISPOT assay demonstrate a > 10-fold increase in numbers of myelin basic protein (MBP)-responsive T cells detected (an average of less than 1 spot forming cell (SFC) per 2 x 10(5) PBMC with the standard assay compared to 19 SFC per 2 x 10(5) PBMC with the modified assay). In addition, the modified ELISPOT assay could be performed with frozen PBMC, which permitted greater flexibility in sample processing, multiple use of a single sample as an internal standard, and simultaneous analysis of samples collected at different time points. This modified ELISPOT assay has many applications, including analysis of cytokine profiles in rare T cell populations, identification of antigen-responsive individuals as PBMC donors for T lymphocyte cloning or for therapeutic intervention, and assessment of vaccine or therapeutic efficacy as a surrogate clinical marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- M McCutcheon
- Anergen Incorporated, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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Spack EG, McCutcheon M, Corbelletta N, Nag B, Passmore D, Sharma SD. Induction of tolerance in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis with solubilized MHC class II:acetylcholine receptor peptide complexes. J Autoimmun 1995; 8:787-807. [PMID: 8824707 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8411(95)80018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of T lymphocytes through the T cell receptor in the absence of costimulatory signal(s) induces a state of unresponsiveness to subsequent antigen presentation. We have employed solubilized complexes consisting of rat class II MHC molecules containing an immunodominant peptide of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR alpha 100-116) to induce unresponsiveness in the autoreactive T lymphocytes mediating an animal model of myasthenia gravis. In vitro incubation of rat T cell lines specific for peptide AChR alpha 100-116 with solubilized complexes of MHC II and AChR alpha 100-116 (MHC II:AChR alpha 100-116) rendered the T cells unresponsive to subsequent stimulation by antigen presenting cells and the peptide. T cell lines with a broader specificity to the entire AChR protein pentamer had an 81% reduction in proliferation to AChR following a preincubation with solubilized MHC II:AChR alpha 100-116. Treatment with the solubilized MHC II:AChR alpha 100-116 induced phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis, an early signalling event associated with binding to the TCR. Rats primed with AChR and injected intravenously with MHC II:AChR alpha 100-116 had reduced in vitro T cell proliferation to the AChR alpha 100-116 peptide and to whole AChR. Solubilized MHC II:AChR alpha 100-116 injected i.v. into rats exhibiting serological clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) prevented death in 67% of the treated animals, compared to a 0-20% survival rate in all other control groups. These results demonstrate that solubilized MHC II complexed with an immunodominant autoantigenic peptide is tolerogenic and improves the survival rate of rats with EAMG, suggesting the basis for an antigen-specific therapy in autoimmune diseases such as MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Spack
- Anergen, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
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Cuevas JL, Cook EW, Richter JE, McCutcheon M, Taub E. Spontaneous swallowing rate and emotional state. Possible mechanism for stress-related gastrointestinal disorders. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40:282-6. [PMID: 7851190 DOI: 10.1007/bf02065410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Excessive spontaneous swallowing has been associated with a variety of common gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, heartburn, and bloating and may contribute to disorders such as hiatus hernia, duodenal ulcer, and irritable bowel syndrome. The present study investigated the hypothesis that changes in emotional state alter spontaneous swallowing rate. Subjects were 38 generally healthy undergraduates assigned to either a pleasant low arousal, neutral, or aversive high arousal condition. Each experimental session was divided into 30-min baseline and arousal manipulation periods. Spontaneous swallowing rate increased significantly with emotional arousal: for low, neutral, and high arousal groups, means were 7.9 +/- 1.9 (SE), 15.8 +/- 2.4, and 23.7 +/- 3.6 swallows/30 min, respectively. Other physiological and self-report measures, used to check the effectiveness of the arousal manipulation, varied appropriately with experimental procedures. These results indicate that changes in emotional state alter spontaneous swallowing rate in generally healthy individuals. Further research with patients is needed to establish whether stress-induced increases in swallowing rate produce or exacerbate clinically significant gastrointestinal symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Cuevas
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294
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Mattila PS, Ullman KS, Fiering S, Emmel EA, McCutcheon M, Crabtree GR, Herzenberg LA. The actions of cyclosporin A and FK506 suggest a novel step in the activation of T lymphocytes. EMBO J 1990; 9:4425-33. [PMID: 1702384 PMCID: PMC552235 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A and FK506 are immunosuppressive compounds that have similar inhibitory effects on the expression of several lymphokines produced by T lymphocytes. Despite their similar effects the drugs bind to two different cytosolic protein, cyclophilin and FKBP respectively, which raises the possibility that they have different modes of action. Using constructs in which mRNA production controlled by a specific transcription factor could be readily measured we found that both cyclosporin A and FK506 completely inhibited transcription activated by NF-AT, NFIL2 A, NFIL2 B and partially inhibited transcription activated by NF kappa B. Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibited only transcriptional activation that was dependent on Ca2+ mobilization. However, cyclosporin A and FK506 did not inhibit Ca2+ mobilization dependent expression of c-fos mRNA indicating that only a subset of signalling pathways regulated by Ca2+ is sensitive to these drugs. Furthermore, we did not observe any qualitative differences between the effect of cyclosporin A and FK506 on six different transcription factors which suggests that these drugs may interfere with the activity of a novel Ca2+ dependent step that regulates several transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Mattila
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305
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Abstract
An extensive literature on shame has not yet sufficiently addressed the nature and functioning of this affect from the psychoanalytic, developmental point of view. This paper tries to lay the ground for such a task.
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Imboden JB, Eriksson EC, McCutcheon M, Reynolds CW, Seaman WE. Identification and characterization of a cell-surface molecule that is selectively induced on rat lymphokine-activated killer cells. The Journal of Immunology 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.143.9.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have identified a 40- to 45-kDa cell-surface molecule designated gp42, that is expressed in high levels by rat lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells of NK cell origin. gp42 cannot be detected on the precursors of LAK cells and is not present on resting or activated T cells. Rather, expression of gp42 is selectively induced on NK cells by the high concentrations of rIL-2 that are required for the induction of LAK activity. Although the function of gp42 is not known, the selective nature of its expression suggests a role for this molecule in regulating responses that are unique to IL-2-activated NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - E C Eriksson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - M McCutcheon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - C W Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - W E Seaman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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Imboden JB, Eriksson EC, McCutcheon M, Reynolds CW, Seaman WE. Identification and characterization of a cell-surface molecule that is selectively induced on rat lymphokine-activated killer cells. J Immunol 1989; 143:3100-3. [PMID: 2809220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a 40- to 45-kDa cell-surface molecule designated gp42, that is expressed in high levels by rat lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells of NK cell origin. gp42 cannot be detected on the precursors of LAK cells and is not present on resting or activated T cells. Rather, expression of gp42 is selectively induced on NK cells by the high concentrations of rIL-2 that are required for the induction of LAK activity. Although the function of gp42 is not known, the selective nature of its expression suggests a role for this molecule in regulating responses that are unique to IL-2-activated NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Imboden
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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