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Campos-Fernandez D, Rodrigo-Gisbert M, Abraira L, Quintana Luque M, Santafé M, Lallana S, Fonseca E, Toledo M, Gándara DF, Arikan F, Tomasello A, Sala Padró JX, Falip M, López-Ojeda P, Gabarrós A, Sánchez A, Santamarina E. Predictive Model for Estimating the Risk of Epilepsy After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The RISE Score. Neurology 2024; 102:e209221. [PMID: 38527232 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The occurrence of seizures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with a poorer functional and cognitive prognosis and less favorable quality of life. It would be of value to promptly identify patients at risk of epilepsy to optimize follow-up protocols and design preventive strategies. Our aim was to develop a predictive score to help stratify epilepsy risk in patients with aSAH. METHODS This is a retrospective, longitudinal study of all adults with aSAH admitted to our center (2012-2021). We collected demographic data, clinical and radiologic variables, data on early-onset seizures (EOSs), and data on development of epilepsy. Exclusion criteria were previous structural brain lesion, epilepsy, and ≤7 days' follow-up. Multiple Cox regression was used to evaluate factors independently associated with unprovoked remote seizures (i.e., epilepsy). The best fitting regression model was used to develop a predictive score. Performance was evaluated in an external validation cohort of 308 patients using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS From an initial database of 743 patients, 419 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The mean age was 60 ± 14 years, 269 patients (64%) were women, and 50 (11.9%) developed epilepsy within a median follow-up of 4.2 years. Premorbid modified Rankin Score (mRS) (hazard ratio [HR] 4.74 [1.8-12.4], p = 0.001), VASOGRADE score (HR 2.45 [1.4-4.2], p = 0.001), surgical treatment (HR 2.77 [1.6-4.9], p = 0.001), and presence of EOSs (HR 1.84 [1.0-3.4], p = 0.05) were independently associated with epilepsy. The proposed scale, designated RISE, scores 1 point for premorbid mRS ≥ 2 (R), VASOGRADE-Yellow (I, Ischemia), surgical intervention (S), and history of EOSs (E) and 2 points for VASOGRADE-Red. RISE stratifies patients into 3 groups: low (0-1), moderate (2-3), and high (4-5) risk (2.9%, 20.8%, and 75.7% developed epilepsy, respectively). On validation in a cohort from a different tertiary care center (N = 308), the new scale yielded a similar risk distribution and good predictive power for epilepsy within 5 years after aSAH (area under the curve [AUC] 0.82; 95% CI 0.74-0.90). DISCUSSION The RISE scale is a robust predictor of post-SAH epilepsy with immediate clinical applicability. In addition to facilitating personalized diagnosis and treatment, RISE may be of value for exploring future antiepileptogenesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Campos-Fernandez
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Rodrigo-Gisbert
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Abraira
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Quintana Luque
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Santafé
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofia Lallana
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Fonseca
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledo
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Darío F Gándara
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fuat Arikan
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Tomasello
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacint X Sala Padró
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Falip
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo López-Ojeda
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu Gabarrós
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sánchez
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estevo Santamarina
- From the Epilepsy Unit (D.C.-F., M.R.-G., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Research Group (D.C.-F., L.A., M.Q.L., S.L., E.F., M.T., E.S.), Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona; Medicine Department (D.C.-F., S.L., M.T., E.S.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra; Intensive Care Department (M.S., A.S.); Neurosurgery Department (D.F.G., F.A.); Neuroradiology Department (A.T.), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; Epilepsy Unit (J.X.S.P., M.F.), Neurology Department; and Neurosurgery Department (P.L.-O., A.G.), Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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Riera J, Argudo E, Martínez-Martínez M, García S, García-de-Acilu M, Santafé M, Díaz C, Contreras S, Cortina A, Bonilla C, Pacheco A, Resta P, Palmer N, Castro MÁ, Ferrer R. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Retrieval in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Series of 19 Patients Supported at a High-Volume Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Center. Crit Care Explor 2020; 2:e0228. [PMID: 33063032 PMCID: PMC7523810 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation retrieval team at a high-volume extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. DESIGN Observational study including all adult patients with confirmed infection due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 cannulated at other centers and transported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to the ICU of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital between 15 March and 10 June 2020. SETTING The ICU (capacity expanded to 200 during the pandemic) of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (a 1,100-bed public university hospital in Barcelona), the referral center for extracorporeal respiratory support in Catalonia (7.5 million inhabitants). PATIENTS Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was considered if the Pao2/Fio2 ratio less than 80 mm Hg (refractory to prone position) and/or Paco2 greater than 80 mm Hg and pH less than 7.25 for more than 6 hours, and no contraindications for extracorporeal support were present. INTERVENTIONS Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was initiated in the primary center. Then, patients were transferred to the ICU of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital where they received support until respiratory improvement. After decannulation, patients were discharged for rehabilitation at the primary center. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Nineteen patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection and with a mean Pao2/Fio2 ratio of 71 mm Hg (57-118 mm Hg) despite prone positioning and a mean Paco2 of 70 mm Hg (47-110 mm Hg) were transferred to our center from their primary hospital after cannulation and received venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Prior to cannulation, six patients (31.5%) presented vascular thrombosis, and nine (47.4%) were already receiving anticoagulant therapy. Eighteen transfers were carried out with no significant complications. While on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, thrombotic events were recorded in nine patients (47.4%) and hemorrhagic events in 13 (68.4%). Thirteen patients (68.4%) were successfully weaned, and 12 (63.1%) were discharged home. CONCLUSIONS Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation retrieval can rescue young, previously healthy patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in whom all the conventional respiratory measures have failed. Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications are frequent in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Riera
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Argudo
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Martínez
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra García
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina García-de-Acilu
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Santafé
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cándido Díaz
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sofía Contreras
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Cortina
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camilo Bonilla
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Pacheco
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Resta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neiser Palmer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Castro
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Department of Critical Care, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- SODIR, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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