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Prieto I, Segarra AB, Banegas I, Martínez-Cañamero M, Durán R, Vives F, Domínguez-Vías G, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Correlational Study of Aminopeptidase Activities between Left or Right Frontal Cortex versus the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Adrenal Axis of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Treated with Hypotensive or Hypertensive Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16007. [PMID: 37958990 PMCID: PMC10647763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the neuro-visceral integration works asymmetrically and that this asymmetry is dynamic and modifiable by physio-pathological influences. Aminopeptidases of the renin-angiotensin system (angiotensinases) have been shown to be modifiable under such conditions. This article analyzes the interactions of these angiotensinases between the left or right frontal cortex (FC) and the same enzymes in the hypothalamus (HT), pituitary (PT), adrenal (AD) axis (HPA) in control spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in SHR treated with a hypotensive agent in the form of captopril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), and in SHR treated with a hypertensive agent in the form of the L-Arginine hypertensive analogue L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). In the control SHR, there were significant negative correlations between the right FC with HPA and positive correlations between the left FC and HPA. In the captopril group, the predominance of negative correlations between the right FC and HPA and positive correlations between the HPA and left FC was maintained. In the L-NAME group, a radical change in all types of interactions was observed; particularly, there was an inversion in the predominance of negative correlations between the HPA and left FC. These results indicated a better balance of neuro-visceral interactions after captopril treatment and an increase in these interactions in the hypertensive animals, especially in those treated with L-NAME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (I.P.); (A.B.S.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Ana Belén Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (I.P.); (A.B.S.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.)
| | - Inmaculada Banegas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (I.P.); (A.B.S.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.)
| | | | - Raquel Durán
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (R.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Francisco Vives
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (R.D.); (F.V.)
| | - Germán Domínguez-Vías
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (I.P.); (A.B.S.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.)
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Teruel-Peña B, Gómez-Urquiza JL, Suleiman-Martos N, Prieto I, García-Cózar FJ, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Fernández-Martos C, Domínguez-Vías G. Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Aminopeptidases as Prognostic Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087169. [PMID: 37108335 PMCID: PMC10138961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral cortex. Biomarkers for ALS are essential for disease detection and to provide information on potential therapeutic targets. Aminopeptidases catalyze the cleavage of amino acids from the amino terminus of protein or substrates such as neuropeptides. Since certain aminopeptidases are known to increase the risk of neurodegeneration, such mechanisms may reveal new targets to determine their association with ALS risk and their interest as a diagnostic biomarker. The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to identify reported aminopeptidases genetic loci associated with the risk of ALS. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, LILACS, and Cochrane databases were searched to retrieve eligible studies in English or Spanish, published up to 27 January 2023. A total of 16 studies were included in this systematic review, where a series of aminopeptidases could be related to ALS and could be promising biomarkers (DPP1, DPP2, DPP4, LeuAP, pGluAP, and PSA/NPEPPS). The literature reported the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs10260404 and rs17174381) with the risk of ALS. The genetic variation rs10260404 in the DPP6 gene was identified to be highly associated with ALS susceptibility, but meta-analyses of genotypes in five studies in a matched cohort of different ancestry (1873 cases and 1861 control subjects) showed no ALS risk association. Meta-analyses of eight studies for minor allele frequency (MAF) also found no ALS association for the "C" allele. The systematic review identified aminopeptidases as possible biomarkers. However, the meta-analyses for rs1060404 of DPP6 do not show a risk associated with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Teruel-Peña
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - José Luís Gómez-Urquiza
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Nora Suleiman-Martos
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Germán Domínguez-Vías
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
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Domínguez-Vías G, Segarra AB, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Prieto I. The Type of Fat in the Diet Influences Regulatory Aminopeptidases of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Stress in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Adult Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113939. [PMID: 34836194 PMCID: PMC8625891 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Prolonged feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) acts as a stressor by activating the functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) stress axis, accompanied of hypertension by inducing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Angiotensinases enzymes are regulatory aminopeptidases of angiotensin metabolism, which together with the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), pyroglutamyl- and tyrosyl-aminopeptidase (pGluAP, TyrAP), participate in cognitive, stress, metabolic and cardiovascular functions. These functions appear to be modulated by the type of fat used in the diet. (2) Methods: To analyze a possible coordinated response of aminopeptidases, their activities were simultaneously determined in the hypothalamus, adenohypophysis and adrenal gland of adult male rats fed diets enriched with monounsaturated (standard diet (S diet) supplemented with 20% virgin olive oil; VOO diet) or saturated fatty acids (diet S supplemented with 20% butter and 0.1% cholesterol; Bch diet). Aminopeptidase activities were measured by fluorimetry using 2-Naphthylamine as substrates. (3) Results: the hypothalamus did not show differences in any of the experimental diets. In the pituitary, the Bch diet stimulated the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by increasing certain angiotensinase activities (alanyl-, arginyl- and cystinyl-aminopeptidase) with respect to the S and VOO diets. DPP-IV activity was increased with the Bch diet, and TyrAP activity decrease with the VOO diet, having both a crucial role on stress and eating behavior. In the adrenal gland, both HFDs showed an increase in angiotensinase aspartyl-aminopeptidase. The interrelation of angiotensinases activities in the tissues were depending on the type of diet. In addition, correlations were shown between angiotensinases and aminopeptidases that regulate stress and eating behavior. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results support that the source of fat in the diet affects several peptidases activities in the HPA axis, which could be related to alterations in RAS, stress and feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Domínguez-Vías
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (M.R.-S.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.D.-V.); (I.P.); Tel.: +34-953-212008 (I.P.)
| | - Ana Belén Segarra
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (M.R.-S.)
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (M.R.-S.)
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (M.R.-S.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.-V.); (I.P.); Tel.: +34-953-212008 (I.P.)
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Banegas I, Martínez-Cañamero M, Villarejo AB, Domínguez-Vías G, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Interaction between Angiotensinase Activities in Pituitary and Adrenal Glands of Wistar-Kyoto and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats under Hypotensive or Hypertensive Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7823. [PMID: 34360587 PMCID: PMC8346081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the activity of several aminopeptidases (angiotensinases) involved in the metabolism of various angiotensin peptides, in pituitary and adrenal glands of untreated Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) or treated with the antihypertensive drugs captopril and propranolol or with the L-Arginine hypertensive analogue L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME). Intra- and inter-gland correlations between angiotensinase activities were also calculated. Membrane-bound alanyl-, cystinyl-, and glutamyl-aminopeptidase activities were determined fluorometrically using aminoacyl-β-naphthylamide as substrates. Depending on the type of angiotensinase analyzed, the results reflect a complex picture showing substantial differences between glands, strains, and treatments. Alanyl-aminopeptidase responsible for the metabolism of Ang III to Ang IV appears to be the most active angiotensinase in both pituitary and adrenals of WKY and particularly in SHR. Independently of treatment, most positive correlations are observed in the pituitary gland of WKY whereas such positive correlations are predominant in adrenals of SHR. Negative inter-gland correlations were observed in control SHR and L-NAME treated WKY. Positive inter-gland correlations were observed in captopril-treated SHR and propranolol-treated WKY. These results may reflect additional mechanisms for increasing or decreasing systolic blood pressure in WKY or SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Inmaculada Banegas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Magdalena Martínez-Cañamero
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Ana B. Villarejo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
| | - Germán Domínguez-Vías
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rue es Planches 5, 2842 Rossemaison, Switzerland;
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (I.P.); (I.B.); (M.M.-C.); (A.B.V.)
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Moreno Fontela M, Sinues-Ojas B, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Senra-Bravo I, Coloma-Del-Peso A, Garrido-Abad P, Jiménez-Gálvez M, Suárez-Fonseca C, Pinazo-Rubio I, Fernández-Arjona M. Podcasts in urology: A growing tendency? Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Martínez-Cañamero M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Is there a link between depression, neurochemical asymmetry and cardiovascular function? AIMS Neurosci 2020; 7:360-372. [PMID: 33263075 PMCID: PMC7701369 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although at present depression is one of the most disabling disorders in our social environment, the understanding of its pathogenesis and the resources for its treatment are still unsatisfactory. The importance of brain asymmetry in the pathogenesis of disorders in brain function, including mood disorders such as depression, is a highly unexplored, sometimes underrated, and even ignored topic. It is important to note that the basal and pathological functional lateralization must have an underlying neurochemical substrate. It is also necessary to indicate that the brain asymmetry extends to a neurovisceral integration whose behavior may also be lateralized. One of the most studied axis from the functional point of view is the brain-heart connection, in whose operation there are observations that suggest an asymmetric behavior in basal conditions that is modified by central and peripheral changes, as well as by pharmacological treatments. There are evidences that connect cardiovascular function, neurochemical asymmetries, and depression. A deep understanding of the bilateral behavior of the brain following pathophysiological changes in blood pressure as well as pharmacologically induced, can provide us with therapeutic suggestions for the treatment of depression. In this article, we analyze remarkable results of some representative selected contributions, with which we discuss our proposal on the relationship between hypertension, depression and neurochemical asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - I Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Domínguez-Vías G, Aretxaga G, Prieto I, Segarra AB, Luna JD, Martínez-Cañamero M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Asymmetrical influence of a standard light/dark cycle and constant light conditions on the alanyl-aminopeptidase activity of the left and right retinas in adult male rats. Exp Eye Res 2020; 198:108149. [PMID: 32693084 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The retina acts as an independent clock informing the central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, under environmental light conditions, with consequences of such inputs for the central and peripheral nervous system. Differences in the behavior of the left and right retinas depending on environmental light conditions may influence the information projected to the brain hemispheres. The retina possesses neuropeptides that act as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. Alanyl-aminopeptidase (AlaAP, EC 3.4.11.2) activity regulates some of these neuropeptides and therefore reflects their function. We analyzed AlaAP activity in the left and right retinas of adult male rats at successive time points under standard (12/12 h light/dark cycle) and nonstandard (constant light) conditions. AlaAP activity was measured fluorometrically using alanyl-beta-naphthylamide as the substrate. Under standard conditions, there were no differences in the left or right retina between time points, with the left retina predominating, particularly in the light period. In contrast, under constant light, no left versus right differences were observed, but significant differences between time points appeared. In comparison with standard conditions, constant conditions led to significantly higher AlaAP activity. Considering all the left retina data in comparison with all the right retina data, no correlation was found between the left and right retinas under standard conditions, but a significant positive correlation was observed under constant light. These results demonstrate an asymmetrical response of retinal AlaAP activity to changes in environmental light conditions, which may affect the functions in which the substrates of AlaAP are involved and the information projected to the brain hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Domínguez-Vías
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (Ceuta Campus), 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - G Aretxaga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain; Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of the Basque Country, 48080, Leioa, Spain
| | - I Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - A B Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - J D Luna
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical School, University of Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - M Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain; Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of the Basque Country, 48080, Leioa, Spain.
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Banegas I, Martínez-Cañamero M, de Gasparo M, Vanderheyden P, Zorad S, Ramírez-Sánchez M. The Type of Fat in the Diet Influences the Behavior and the Relationship Between Cystinyl and Alanyl Aminopeptidase Activities in Frontal Cortex, Liver, and Plasma. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:94. [PMID: 32500082 PMCID: PMC7242642 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP, cystinyl aminopeptidase, CysAP) and aminopeptidase M (alanyl aminopeptidase, AlaAP) are closely related enzymes involved in cognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular functions. These functions may be modulated by the type of fat used in the diet. In order to analyze a possible coordinated response of both enzymes we determined simultaneously their activities in frontal cortex, liver, and plasma of adult male rats fed diets enriched with fats differing in their percentages of saturated, mono or polyunsaturated fatty acids such as sesame, sunflower, fish, olive, Iberian lard, and coconut. The systolic blood pressure, food intake, body and liver weight as well as glucose and total cholesterol levels in plasma were measured. The type of fat in the diet influences the enzymatic activities depending on the enzyme and its location. These results suggest cognitive improvement properties for diets with predominance of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Physiological parameters such as systolic blood pressure, food intake, and biochemical factors such as cholesterol and glucose in plasma were also modified depending on the type of diet, supporting beneficial properties for diets rich in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Inter-tissue correlations between the analyzed parameters were also modified depending on the type of diet. If the type of fat used in the diet modifies the behavior and relationship between CysAP and AlaAP in and between frontal cortex, liver and plasma, the functions in which they are involved could also be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | | | | | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rossemaison, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vanderheyden
- Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Zorad
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Segarra AB, Prieto-Gomez I, Banegas I, Martínez-Cañamero M, Luna JDD, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Functional and neurometabolic asymmetry in SHR and WKY rats following vasoactive treatments. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16098. [PMID: 31695104 PMCID: PMC6834850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A lateralized distribution of neuropeptidase activities in the frontal cortex of normotensive and hypertensive rats has been described depending on the use of some vasoactive drugs and linked to certain mood disorders. Asymmetrical neuroperipheral connections involving neuropeptidases from the left or right hemisphere and aminopeptidases from the heart or plasma have been suggested to play a role in this asymmetry. We hypothesize that such asymmetries could be extended to the connection between the brain and physiologic parameters and metabolic factors from plasma and urine. To assess this hypothesis, we analyzed the possible correlation between neuropeptidases from the left and right frontal cortex with peripheral parameters in normotensive (Wistar Kyoto [WKY]) rats and hypertensive rats (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]) untreated or treated with vasoactive drugs such as captopril, propranolol and L-nitro-arginine methyl ester. Neuropeptidase activities from the frontal cortex were analyzed fluorometrically using arylamide derivatives as substrates. Physiological parameters and metabolic factors from plasma and urine were determined using routine laboratory techniques. Vasoactive drug treatments differentially modified the asymmetrical neuroperipheral pattern by changing the predominance of the correlations between peripheral parameters and central neuropeptidase activities of the left and right frontal cortex. The response pattern also differed between SHR and WKY rats. These results support an asymmetric integrative function of the organism and suggest the possibility of a different neurometabolic response coupled to particular mood disorders, depending on the selected vasoactive drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan de Dios Luna
- Department of Biostatistic, Medical School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rue es Planches 5, 2842, Rossemaison, Switzerland
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Banegas I, Prieto I, Segarra AB, Martínez-Cañamero M, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Angiotensin II, dopamine and nitric oxide. An asymmetrical neurovisceral interaction between brain and plasma to regulate blood pressure. AIMS Neurosci 2019; 6:116-127. [PMID: 32341972 PMCID: PMC7179365 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2019.3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vital functions, such as blood pressure, are regulated within a framework of neurovisceral integration in which various factors are involved under normal conditions maintaining a delicate balance. Imbalance of any of these factors can lead to various pathologies. Blood pressure control is the result of the balanced action of central and peripheral factors that increase or decrease. Special attention for blood pressure control was put on the neurovisceral interaction between Angiotensin II and the enzymes that regulate its activity as well as on nitric oxide and dopamine. Several studies have shown that such interaction is asymmetrically organized. These studies suggest that the neuronal activity related to the production of nitric oxide in plasma is also lateralized and, consequently, changes in plasma nitric oxide influence neuronal function. This observation provides a new aspect revealing the complexity of the blood pressure regulation and, undoubtedly, makes such study more motivating as it may affect the approach for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Banegas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - I Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - A B Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - M de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rossemaison, Switzerland
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Banegas I, Segarra AB, Prieto I, Vives F, de Gasparo M, Duran R, de Dios Luna J, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Asymmetrical response of aminopeptidase A in the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum of 6-OHDA-unilaterally-lesioned Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 182:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
After millennia of knowledge of opium, it was only recently that endogenous substances called opioids with similar properties to opium and derivatives were discovered. The first to be discovered were enkephalins. In addition to the regulation of their synthesis and expression of receptors, an important mechanism for the regulation of their functions carried out by multiple proteolytic enzymes acting at all levels of their structure is described. The action of such enzymes, known as enkephalinases, is also regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors which ultimately affect the control of the enkephalins's action. For therapeutic purposes, it is not only necessary to develop specific inhibitors but also to acquire a deep knowledge of the influence that such factors exert on their activities. This knowledge could help us to establish adapted therapeutic strategies in the treatment of pain or other processes in which enkephalinases are involved. In this chapter, some of these regulatory factors are discussed, such as regional and subcellular distribution, developmental changes, diurnal variations, hormonal influences, stress, dietary factors or interactions with other neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rossemaison, Switzerland
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Garrido-Abad P, Ramírez-Sánchez M, García-Martín L, Fernández-Arjona M. A rare case of prostato - symphyseal fistula after GreenLight photovaporization of the prostate. Int Braz J Urol 2018; 45:400-401. [PMID: 30521171 PMCID: PMC6541150 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Garrido-Abad
- Department of Urology. Hospital Universitario del Henares, Coslada, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis García-Martín
- Department of Urology. Hospital Universitario del Henares, Coslada, Madrid, Spain
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Hidalgo M, Prieto I, Abriouel H, Villarejo AB, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Cobo A, Benomar N, Gálvez A, Martínez-Cañamero M. Changes in Gut Microbiota Linked to a Reduction in Systolic Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Fed an Extra Virgin Olive Oil-Enriched Diet. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2018; 73:1-6. [PMID: 29230708 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0650-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fat type in diet is responsible for specific changes in gut microbiota (GM). Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been shown to be beneficial for blood pressure and to produce effects on GM. To analyze the cause-effect relationship between intestinal microbial changes and blood pressure, we studied the effect of EVOO on fecal microbiota and systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR were fed either an enriched EVOO diet or a standard diet for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the microbial profiles in the feces were studied in both groups by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the selected bacterial groups. The results demonstrated significant differences when using Lactobacillus (p<0.05), clostridia XIV (p<0.01) and universal (p<0.05) primers. A significant (r=-0.475; p=0.04) inverse correlation between the abundance of clostridia XIV and SBP, which depends on the type of diet, was also observed. Finally, the results suggested an increase in the microbial diversity of the feces of the animals fed the EVOO diet. These results strongly connect the pattern of GM in SHR fed a diet enriched with EVOO to the lower levels of SBP observed in these animals at the end of the feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Hidalgo
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Physiology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Hikmate Abriouel
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Villarejo
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Physiology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Physiology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Cobo
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Nabil Benomar
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Microbiology, University of Jaén, 23071, Jaén, Spain
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Martínez-Cañamero M, de Gasparo M, Luna JDD, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Thyroid Disorders Change the Pattern of Response of Angiotensinase Activities in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis of Male Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:731. [PMID: 30555423 PMCID: PMC6283893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid disorders affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis with important consequences on the cardiovascular function in which the renin-angiotensin system plays a major role. Hypo and hyperthyroidism influence the classic main components of the renin-angiotensin system. However, the behavior of other elements of the renin-angiotensin system such as Ang III, Ang 2-10, Ang IV, or AT4, regulated by angiotensinase enzymes such as alanyl- (AlaAP), cystinyl- (CysAP), glutamyl- (GluAP), or aspartyl-aminopeptidase (AspAP), has not yet been described. In order to obtain a comprehensive view on the response of the renin-angiotensin system in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of animals with thyroid disorders, these enzyme activities were simultaneously analyzed fluorometrically, using arylamide derivatives as substrates in hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary, adrenals and plasma of euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid rats, and their intra- and inter-tissue correlations were evaluated. The response is depending on the type of enzyme studied, its location and the thyroid status. Anterior pituitary, adrenals and plasma were mainly affected by the thyroid disorders. In the anterior pituitary, GluAP and AspAP increased in hypothyroid rats. In adrenals, AlaAP and CysAP decreased in hypothyroid whereas GluAP and AspAP decreased in hyperthyroid rats. In plasma, while AlaAP increased in hypo- and hyperthyroid rats, CysAP and GluAP decreased only in hyperthyroid. In comparison with euthyroid, intra-tissue correlations decreased in hypothyroid but inter-tissue correlations decreased mainly in hyperthyroid rats. Thyroid disorders also produced a disruption in the pattern of inter-tissue correlations observed in euthyroid. These results suggest that thyroid hormone levels hit components of the renin-angiotensin system and may influence the paracrine and endocrine cross talk between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rossemaison, Switzerland
| | - Juan de Dios Luna
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
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Domínguez-Vías G, Aretxaga-Maza G, Prieto I, Luna JDD, De Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Diurnal opposite variation between angiotensinase activities in photo-neuro-endocrine tissues of rats. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1180-1186. [PMID: 28910547 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1354871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Central and peripheral renin-angiotensin systems (RASs) act in a coordinated manner for the physiologic functions regulated by neuroendocrine events. However, whereas the diurnal rhythm of peripheral circulatory and tissue RASs is well known, the circadian behaviour of their components in central photo-neuro-endocrine structures, key elements for the control of circadian rhythms, has been barely studied. In the present study, we analysed the aspartyl- (AspAP) and glutamyl-aminopeptidase (GluAP) (aminopeptidase A) activities, the angiotensinases responsible for the metabolism of Ang I to Ang 2-10 and Ang II to Ang III, respectively, in the retina, anterior hypothalamus and pituitary at different light and dark time-points of a 12:12 h light:dark cycle (7-19 h light), using arylamide derivatives as substrates. The results demonstrated that while retina and pituitary exhibited their highest levels of AspAP activity in the light period and the lowest in the dark one, the contrary occurred in the hypothalamus - the lowest levels were observed in light conditions and the highest in darkness. The outcome for GluAP showed the highest levels in the light period and the lowest in the dark one in the three tissues analysed. In conclusion, changes in angiotensinase activities throughout the daytime may cause changes of their respective substrates and derived peptides and, consequently, in their functions. This observation may have implications for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Domínguez-Vías
- a Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences , University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain.,b Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health, Medical School , University of Cádiz , Cádiz , Spain
| | - Garbiñe Aretxaga-Maza
- a Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences , University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- a Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences , University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Luna
- c Department of Biostatistic, Medical School , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Marc De Gasparo
- d Cardiovascular and Metabolic Syndrome Adviser , Rossemaison , Switzerland
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Banegas I, Prieto I, Segarra AB, Vives F, de Gasparo M, Duran R, de Dios Luna J, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Bilateral distribution of enkephalinase activity in the medial prefrontal cortex differs between WKY and SHR rats unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:213-218. [PMID: 28232066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the basal brain bilateral morphologic, neurochemical and/or functional patterns may be partly responsible for some brain disorders such as those involving mood. WKY and SHR strains as well as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned animals are validated models for the study of mood disorders. Because dopamine and enkephalins are involved in anxiety-related behaviors, the aim of our study was to analyze enkephalinase activity, assayed as aminopeptidase M activity, in the left and right medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of WKY and SHR treated with saline (sham group) or following left or right intrastriatal injections of the neurotoxic 6-OHDA. Sham left and sham right WKY exhibited a significant left predominance. Left 6-OHDA-lesioned rats inverted the left predominance of sham to right predominance. In right 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, the left predominance in sham right rats disappeared. Sham left as well as sham right SHR did not show any bilateral differences. In contrast, while the left lesion demonstrated a highly significant left predominance, the right lesion showed a slight but significant right predominance. A significant negative correlation between enkephalinase activity of the right mPFC and blood pressure and heart rate was observed only in left-lesioned SHR. Our results demonstrate that unilateral nigrostriatal injections of 6-OHDA influence the bilateral distribution of enkephalinase activity depending on both the side of the lesion and the strain analyzed. These results support the hypothesis that DA pathways may interact asymmetrically with enkephalins in the mPFC and that enkephalinase activity may play a role in the regulatory mechanisms underlying this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Banegas
- Unit of Physiology,Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Unit of Physiology,Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana B Segarra
- Unit of Physiology,Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco Vives
- Institute of Neurosciences, "Federico Olóriz" University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rue es Planches 5, 2842 Rossemaison, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Duran
- Institute of Neurosciences, "Federico Olóriz" University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan de Dios Luna
- Department of Biostatistic, Medical School, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Unit of Physiology,Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Banegas I, Prieto I, Segarra A, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Study of the Neuropeptide Function in Parkinson’s Disease Using the 6-Hydroxydopamine Model of Experimental Hemiparkinsonism. AIMS Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2017.4.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Prieto I, Villarejo AB, Segarra AB, Wangensteen R, Banegas I, de Gasparo M, Vanderheyden P, Zorad S, Vives F, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Tissue distribution of CysAP activity and its relationship to blood pressure and water balance. Life Sci 2015; 134:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Villarejo AB, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Segarra AB, Martínez-Cañamero M, Prieto I. Influence of extra virgin olive oil on blood pressure and kidney angiotensinase activities in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Planta Med 2015; 81:664-669. [PMID: 25389059 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1383263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diets are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. The efficacy of the current strategies of treatment is still not entirely satisfactory, and new approaches are being considered. To analyze the beneficial effects of extra virgin olive oil as a major component of the Mediterranean diet, we studied systolic blood pressure and angiotensinase activities, since this enzyme is involved in the metabolism of angiotensins, in the kidney of hypertensive rats fed during 12 weeks with a diet enriched with extra virgin olive oil compared with a standard diet. As a reflex of oxidative stress, 8-isoprostanes and nitric oxide were quantified in urine. Results demonstrated a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure until the end of the feeding period in both groups. However, this increase was delayed in the extra virgin olive oil group until week six, with the systolic blood pressure being always lower in this group. Nitric oxide and 8-isoprostanes were lower in the extra virgin olive oil group. While we can deduce a higher formation of angiotensin 2-10 in the renal cortex, a higher availability of angiotensin II may be presumed in the renal medulla of animals fed an extra virgin olive oil diet than in animals fed a standard diet. Our results support the beneficial influence of extra virgin olive oil on cardiovascular function and suggest that the Mediterranean diet may be beneficial in itself but it may also be an effective tool in the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Villarejo
- Neuroendocrinology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Neuroendocrinology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Segarra
- Neuroendocrinology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Prieto
- Neuroendocrinology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Hernández J, Prieto I, Segarra AB, de Gasparo M, Wangensteen R, Villarejo AB, Banegas I, Vives F, Cobo J, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Interaction of neuropeptidase activities in cortico-limbic regions after acute restraint stress. Behav Brain Res 2015; 287:42-8. [PMID: 25819424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain enkephalin, vasopressin and oxytocin are anxiolytic agents involved in the stress response. Acute restraint stress influences certain neuropeptidase activities, such as some enkephalin-degrading peptidases and vasopressinase/oxytocinase, in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala (AM) or hippocampus (HC), which are involved in this response. Because these regions form a unified circuit and cooperate in their response to stress, it is important to analyze the profile of the regional distribution of these activities as well as their inter-regional model of interaction in this circuit. Regarding the regional study, although most activities showed a marked predominance of the AM over the HC and mPFC, both in control and stressed animals, enkephalin-degrading activity, assayed as membrane-bound alanyl aminopeptidase activity, showed a change after stress, increasing in the HC and decreasing in the AM. The correlational study in controls indicated essentially a positive interaction between the mPFC and AM. In marked contrast, there was a highly significant change in the functional status of this circuit after stress, showing mainly a positive correlation between the mPFC and HC and between the AM and HC. The existence of correlations does not demonstrate a direct relationship between regions. However, reasons for such strong associations after restraint stress should be examined. The present study may indicate a connection between neuropeptidase activities and their corresponding neuropeptidergic substrates due to significant changes in the functional status of the cortico-limbic circuit after restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Hernández
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana B Segarra
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Marc de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rue es Planches 5, 2842 Rossemaison, Switzerland
| | - Rosemary Wangensteen
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana B Villarejo
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Banegas
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco Vives
- Instituto de Neurociencia 'Federico Oloriz', University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Justo Cobo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaen, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Villarejo AB, Prieto I, Segarra AB, Banegas I, Wangensteen R, Vives F, de Gasparo M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Relationship of angiotensinase and vasopressinase activities between hypothalamus, heart, and plasma in L-NAME-treated WKY and SHR. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:561-7. [PMID: 24627106 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1370992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), vasopressin, and nitric oxide (NO) interact to regulate blood pressure at central and peripheral level. To improve our understanding of their interaction and their relationship with the hypothalamus and the cardiovascular system, we analyzed angiotensin- and vasopressin-metabolizing activities in hypothalamus (HT), left ventricle (LV), and plasma, collected from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated or not with L-NAME [N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester], which inhibits the formation of NO and over-activates the sympathetic nervous system. Previous observations in WKY suggested higher formation of Ang III and Ang IV in the HT and higher availability of Ang II in plasma after L-NAME treatment. Our current results show higher formation of Ang IV and higher metabolism of vasopressin after treatment with L-NAME in the LV of WKY rats. In SHR treated with L-NAME, there is higher availability of Ang III in the HT leading to higher release of vasopressin together with lower formation of Ang 2-10. In their LV, however, there is an increase of vasopressinase. Interestingly, while the enzymatic activities in the HT and LV of WKY rats and control SHR are poorly correlated, they are well but inversely correlated in the L-NAME treated SHR. On the other hand, no significant correlations between enzymatic activities in HT or LV and plasma were noticed. Our results suggest that eNOS inhibition in SHR induces or enhances an inverse reciprocal interaction between HT and LV involving the RAS and vasopressin, which may be mediated by the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Villarejo
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Spain
| | - I Prieto
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Spain
| | - A B Segarra
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Spain
| | - I Banegas
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Spain
| | - R Wangensteen
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Spain
| | - F Vives
- Instituto de Neurociencia 'Federico Oloriz', University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M de Gasparo
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Syndrome Adviser, Rossemaison, Switzerland
| | - M Ramírez-Sánchez
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Spain
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Prieto I, Villarejo AB, Segarra AB, Banegas I, Wangensteen R, Martinez-Cañamero M, de Gasparo M, Vives F, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Brain, heart and kidney correlate for the control of blood pressure and water balance: role of angiotensinases. Neuroendocrinology 2014; 100:198-208. [PMID: 25323445 DOI: 10.1159/000368835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in the control of blood pressure (BP) and water balance by coordinating brain, heart and kidney functions, connected with each other by hormonal and neural mechanisms through the autonomic nervous system (ANS). RAS function may be monitored by the study of the enzymes (angiotensinases) involved in the metabolism of its active peptides. In order to study the relationship between the brain-heart-kidney axis and the control of BP and water balance, we analyzed the correlation of angiotensinase activities, assayed as arylamidase activities, between hypothalamus, left ventricle, renal cortex and renal medulla, collected from Wistar-Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats, treated or not treated with L-NAME [N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester]. This compound not only inhibits the formation of nitric oxide but also disrupts the normal function of the ANS activating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to increase BP. In addition, to assess the influence of the SNS, we studied the effect of its blockade by treatment of both strains with propranolol. The present results support the notion that RAS function of the brain-heart-kidney axis, as reflected by the activities of angiotensinases, is reciprocally connected by afferent and efferent mechanisms between these locations, presumably through the ANS. These results reveal new aspects of neuroendocrine regulation possibly involving the ANS.
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Ramírez-Sánchez M, Prieto I, Wangensteen R, Banegas I, Segarra AB, Villarejo AB, Vives F, Cobo J, de Gasparo M. The renin-angiotensin system: new insight into old therapies. Curr Med Chem 2013; 20:1313-22. [PMID: 23409710 DOI: 10.2174/0929867311320100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is already an old acquaintance, there are often exciting discoveries that improve our knowledge of it and open new therapeutic possibilities. Moreover, well-established drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), or beta-blockers, show that their mechanism of action may be the result of parallel pathways other than the ones initially established. A detailed analysis of the RAS can be carried out in part through the study of the enzymes, named angiotensinases, involved in its cascade, whose activity is a reflection of the functionality of their peptide substrates. The study of these enzymes offers the possibility of controlling the effects of angiotensins through various pharmacological manipulations. For example, angiotensinase inhibitors or activators are being used or have been proposed as antihypertensive agents. They have also been suggested as analgesic and antidepressant drugs or targets for drug development against different pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy or ischemia. On the other hand, the analysis of brain asymmetry has revealed surprising results about the laterality of central and peripheral components of the RAS. Such studies indicate that the neurovisceral integration, already proposed by Claude Bernard (1867) should also be analyzed from a bilateral perspective. In this review, the RAS and the role of various angiotensinases implicated in the cascade are revisited. Therapeutic strategies involving some components of the RAS with an unusual vision resulting from a bilateral perspective added to their study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramírez-Sánchez
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Ruiz-Bailén M, Romero-Bermejo FJ, Expósito-Ruiz M, Zamora-Zamora F, Martínez-Ramírez MJ, Castillo-Rivera AM, Ramos-Cuadra JA, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Vázquez-García R. [Early statin therapy in acute myocardial infarction]. Med Intensiva 2013; 38:11-20. [PMID: 23909987 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of the early administration of statins during acute myocardial infarction (MI). DESIGN A retrospective cohort study was carried out. SETTING National (Spain). PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS Patients included in the ARIAM registry from January 1999 to December 2008 with a diagnosis of MI. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN VARIABLES We used logistic regression analysis and propensity scoring to determine whether the administration of statins during the first 24h of MI acts as a protective factor against: 1) mortality, 2) the incidence of lethal arrhythmias, or 3) cardiogenic shock. RESULTS A total of 36 842 patients were included in the study. Statins were administered early in 50.2% of the patients. Statin administration was associated with younger patients with known previous dyslipidemia, obesity, a history of ischemic heart disease, heart failure, presence of sinus tachycardia, use of beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention. Mortality was 8.2% (13.2% without statin versus 3% with statin, P<.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that statin administration acted as a protective factor against mortality (adjusted OR 0.518, 95%CI 0.447 to 0.601). Continued use of statins was associated with a reduction in mortality (adjusted OR 0.597, 95%CI 0.449 to 0.798), and the start of treatment was a protective factor against mortality (adjusted OR 0.642, 95%CI 0.544 -0.757). Statin therapy also exerted a protective effect against the incidence of lethal arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that early treatment with statins in patients with MI is associated with reduced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruiz-Bailén
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, Hospital Médico-Quirúrgico del Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, España.
| | | | - M Expósito-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Médico-Quirúrgico del Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, España
| | - F Zamora-Zamora
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, Hospital Médico-Quirúrgico del Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, España
| | | | - A M Castillo-Rivera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, Hospital Médico-Quirúrgico del Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, Jaén, España
| | - J A Ramos-Cuadra
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cuidados Críticos y Urgencias, Hospital de Torrecárdenas, Almería, España
| | - M Ramírez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, España
| | - R Vázquez-García
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, España
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Villarejo AB, Banegas I, Wangensteen R, de Gasparo M, Vives F, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on angiotensinase activities in the testis of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45:344-8. [PMID: 23225243 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1329988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dysfunction is a frequent adverse effect during antihypertensive therapy. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects are not well understood. The renin-angiotensin system has been identified in testis where it may play a role in testicular function and be involved in the detrimental effects of antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, our objective was to compare the influence of captopril and propranolol on plasma testosterone levels and on hydrolyzing angiotensin's enzymes (angiotensinases) in the testis of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and in control animals. Twenty-four adult male SHRs were used in this study; eight were treated with captopril in drinking water, 8 with propranolol, and 8 were controls. At the end of the 4 weeks treatment period, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was recorded, blood samples were collected, and the right testis was dissected after perfusion of the rat with saline. The soluble (Sol) and membrane-bound (MB) fractions were obtained after solubilization and ultracentrifugation. Fluorometric measurement of Sol and MB angiotensinase activities were performed using arylamide derivatives as substrates. Testosterone was measured by enzyme immunoassay. SBP decreased after captopril but did not change with propranolol treatment. Whereas captopril did not affect angiotensinase activities, highly significant reductions in Sol and MB angiotensinase activities, particularly glutamyl- and aspartyl-aminopeptidases, were observed after treatment with propranolol. Plasma testosterone decreased in captopril treated rats but propranolol had a greater effect. The present results support a general functional depression of the RAS cascade in the testis of propranolol-treated SHR, which may influence the sexual function of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Physiology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Segarra AB, Prieto I, Banegas I, Villarejo AB, Wangensteen R, de Gasparo M, Vives F, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Asymmetrical effect of captopril on the angiotensinase activity in frontal cortex and plasma of the spontaneously hypertensive rats: Expanding the model of neuroendocrine integration. Behav Brain Res 2012; 230:423-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Banegas I, Prieto I, Segarra A, Durán R, Vives F, Alba F, Luna J, de Gasparo M, Wangesteen R, Ruiz-Bailén M, Ramírez-Sánchez M. Blood pressure increased dramatically in hypertensive rats after left hemisphere lesions with 6-hydroxydopamine. Neurosci Lett 2011; 500:148-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Segarra AB, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Ruiz-Larrea MB, Ramírez-Sánchez M, de Gasparo M, Banegas I, Martínez-Cañamero M, Vives F, Prieto I. The profile of fatty acids in frontal cortex of rats depends on the type of fat used in the diet and correlates with neuropeptidase activities. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:86-91. [PMID: 21120792 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The kind of fat in the diet modifies the profile of fatty acids in brain and also affects aminopeptidase activities in tissues. Although modifications in brain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, or enzymes due to dietary fat composition have been reported, no direct relationship has yet been described between specific brain fatty acid changes and neuropeptide metabolism following the fat composition of the diet. We investigated the lipid profile and some neuropeptidase activities in the frontal cortex of adult male rats after a period in which diets were supplemented with fatty acids differing in their degrees of saturation such as fish oil (rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs), olive oil (rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, MUFAs), and coconut oil (rich in saturated fatty acids, SAFAs). It is observed that the diet composition affects fatty acid distribution in the brain. Although there is no change of global aminopeptidase/neuropeptidase, their activities in the brain correlate positively or negatively with the dietary fat composition. It is hypothesized that fatty acid in the diet modifies membrane fluidity, peptidases tertiary structure, and therefore, the availability and function of neuropeptides. The present results support the notion that cognitive functions may be modulated depending on the type of fat used in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Segarra
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of Physiology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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Ruiz-Bailén M, Romero-Bermejo FJ, Rucabado-Aguilar L, Pérez-Valenzuela J, Ferrezuelo-Mata Á, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Ramos Cuadra JÁ, Martinez Ramírez MJ. Myocardial dysfunction in the critically ill patient: is it really reversible? Int J Cardiol 2010; 145:615-6. [PMID: 20937534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lugo-Vallín N, Maradei-Irastorza I, Pascuzzo-Lima C, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Montesinos C. Thirty-five cases of S-carboxymethylcysteine use in paraquat poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 2003; 45:45-6. [PMID: 12583701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide paraquat is associated with a high mortality rate. It produces multiorgan damage through the induction of acute oxidative stress, by generation of reactive oxygen species that cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. In addition to general supportive measures, the management of paraquat poisoning includes gastric washing, forced diuresis, haemodialysis and the use of antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine. However, this drug is rather unavailable in Venezuela and S-carboxymethylcysteine has been used. We report 35 patients with mild to severe paraquat poisoning, which beside standard supportive treatment received 1500 mg S-carboxymethylcysteine, up to 2-3 w. The mortality rate was 22.86% (8 deaths/35 cases) and was related to the severity of paraquat poisoning (as assessed by urine dithionite tests). We conclude that S-carboxymethylcysteine is a reliable alternative in managing patients with paraquat poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Lugo-Vallín
- Unidad de Ensayos Clínicos, Sección de Farmacología, Decanato de Medicina, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarad, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela
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Lugo-Vallín NDV, Pascuzzo-Lima C, Maradei-Irastorza I, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Sosa-Sequera M, Aguero-Penã R, Granado-Duque A. Prolonged survival after experimental paraquat intoxication: role of alternative antioxidants. Vet Hum Toxicol 2002; 44:40-1. [PMID: 11824777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Since paraquat poisoning causes multiorgan damage through the generation of several redox products, the usual therapy includes antioxidative drugs, such as N-acetylcysteine. We investigated whether selected antioxidative drugs can improve survival from acute paraquat toxicity. Forty-eight male 2-3-mo-old Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups receiving paraquat dichloride in a single injection (11 mg/kg bw ip) I h before the administration of normal saline (control ip), S-carboxymethylcysteine (600 mg/kg bw po), propofol (100 mg/kg bw ip) or trimetazidine (10 mg/kg bw po). Animals were observed for 7 d. The median survival time in the control group was 3 d whereas it was 4 (p = 0.15), 4.5 (p < 0.05) or 5 (p < 0.05) d for the trimetazidine, S-carboxymethylcysteine or propofol-treated groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly del Valle Lugo-Vallín
- Sección de Farmacología, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Estado Lara, Venezuela
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López Izquierdo A, Calvo-Villas JM, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Sicilia Guillén F. [Oral contraceptives and thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura]. Sangre (Barc) 1999; 44:388-9. [PMID: 10618920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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