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Chavez M, Viscardi S, Ruiz MJ, Sans-Serramitjana E, Durán P. CLI: A new protocol for the isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria from complex plant samples. J Microbiol Methods 2024; 221:106937. [PMID: 38648958 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are predominantly probiotic microorganisms and the most are Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS). LAB inhabit in the human gut ecosystem and are largely found in fermented foods and silage. In the last decades, LAB have also has been found in plant microbiota as a new class of microbes with probiotic activity to plants. For this reason, today the scientific interest in the study and isolation of LAB for agronomic application has increased. However, isolation protocols from complex samples such as plant tissues are scarce and inefficient. In this study, we developed a new protocol (CLI, Complex samples LAB Isolation) which yields purified LAB from plants. The sensitivity of CLI protocol was sufficient to isolate representative microorganisms of LAB genera (i.e. Leuconostoc, Lactococcus and Enterococcus). CLI protocol consists on five steps: i) sample preparation and pre-incubation in 1% sterile peptone at 30 °C for 24-48 h; ii) Sample homogenization in vortex by 10 min; iii) sample serial dilution in quarter-strength Ringer solution, iv) incubation in MRS agar plates with 0.2% of sorbic acid, with 1% of CaCO3, O2 < 15%, at pH 5.8 and 37 °C for 48 h.; v) Selection of single colonies with LAB morphology and CaCO3-solubilization halo. Our scientific contribution is that CLI protocol could be used for several complex samples and represents a useful method for further studies involving native LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariannys Chavez
- Doctoral Program in Natural Bioresource Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Sharon Viscardi
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco 4813302, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación Interdisciplinaria en Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Procesos Diagnóstico y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Manuel Montt 56, Temuco, La Araucanía, Chile
| | - María José Ruiz
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Eulàlia Sans-Serramitjana
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Paola Durán
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
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Taroncher M, Zingales V, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ. Identification of Biotransformation Products of T-2 Toxin in HepG2 Cells Using LC-Q-TOF MS. Foods 2024; 13:1501. [PMID: 38790801 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The T-2 toxin (T-2) is a type A trichothecene found in cereals. The formation of metabolites is a frequent cause of mycotoxin-induced toxicity. In this work, the conversion of T-2 during biotransformation reactions in HepG2 cells was evaluated. For this, HepG2 cells were exposed to 30 (IC50/2) and 60 (IC50) nM of T-2 for 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 24 h, and the concentrations of T-2 and its metabolites HT-2, T2-triol, T2-tetraol and neosolaniol were determined in both the cell fraction and culture medium through liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry-time of flight (LC-Q-TOF MS). Results showed a fast metabolization of T-2 (>90%) during the first 2 h, with HT-2 as its main (>95%) biotransformation product. The cell fraction showed higher levels (p < 0.05) of HT-2 (39.9 ± 2.1 nM) compared to the culture medium (12.53 ± 2.4 nM). This trend was also observed for the identified metabolites. T2-triol reached its maximum concentration (1.7 ± 0.4 nM) at 2 h, and at later times a time-dependent increase in the T2-tetraol and neosolaniol concentrations was observed. The identification of T-2 metabolites shows the need to continue combined toxicity studies of mycotoxins for a correct risk characterization of these natural contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Taroncher
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Research Group Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox; GIUV2021-513), University of Valencia, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Veronica Zingales
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Research Group Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox; GIUV2021-513), University of Valencia, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Research Group Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox; GIUV2021-513), University of Valencia, 46100 València, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Research Group Alternative Methods for Determining Toxic Effects and Risk Assessment of Contaminants and Mixtures (RiskTox; GIUV2021-513), University of Valencia, 46100 València, Spain
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Taroncher M, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Barba FJ, Ruiz MJ. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, analysis of metals and cumulative risk assessment in microalgae. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2152514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Taroncher
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Fuentes C, Verdú S, Fuentes A, Ruiz MJ, Barat JM. In vivo toxicity assessment of eugenol and vanillin-functionalised silica particles using Caenorhabditis elegans. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 238:113601. [PMID: 35533449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological properties of different silica particles functionalised with essential oil components (EOCs) were herein assessed using the in vivo model C. elegans. In particular, the effects of the acute and long-term exposure to three silica particle types (SAS, MCM-41 micro, MCM-41 nano), either bare or functionalised with eugenol or vanillin, were evaluated on different biological parameters of nematodes. Acute exposure to the different particles did not reduce nematodes survival, brood growth or locomotion, but reproduction was impaired by all the materials, except for vanillin-functionalised MCM-41 nano. Moreover, long-term exposure to particles led to strongly inhibited nematodes growth and reproduction. The eugenol-functionalised particles exhibited higher functionalisation yields and had the strongest effects during acute and long-term exposures. Overall, the vanillin-functionalised particles displayed milder acute toxic effects on reproduction than pristine materials, but severer toxicological responses for the 96-hour exposure assays. Our findings suggest that the EOC type anchored to silica surfaces and functionalisation yield are crucial for determining the toxicological effects of particles on C. elegans. The results obtained with this alternative in vivo model can help to anticipate potential toxic responses to these new materials for human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Samuel Verdú
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Barat
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Fuentes C, Fuentes A, Byrne HJ, Barat JM, Ruiz MJ. In vitro toxicological evaluation of mesoporous silica microparticles functionalised with carvacrol and thymol. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 160:112778. [PMID: 34958804 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of carvacrol- and thymol-functionalised mesoporous silica microparticles (MCM-41) was assessed in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line (HepG2). Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and apoptosis/necrosis analyses were used as endpoints. The results showed that both materials induced cytotoxicity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and were more cytotoxic than free essential oil components and bare MCM-41. This effect was caused by cell-particle interactions and not by degradation products released to the culture media, as demonstrated in the extract dilution assays. LDH release was a less sensitive endpoint than the MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay, which suggests the impairment of the mitochondrial function as the primary cytotoxic mechanism. In vitro tests on specialised cell functions showed that exposure to sublethal concentrations of these materials did not induce ROS formation during 2 h of exposure, but produced LPO and ΔΨm alterations in a concentration-dependent manner when cells were exposed for 24 h. The obtained results generally support the hypothesis that the carvacrol- and thymol-functionalised MCM-41 microparticles induced toxicity in HepG2 cells by an oxidative stress-related mechanism that resulted in apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, City Campus, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - José Manuel Barat
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Ruiz MJ. DESARROLLO DE MODELO MURINO DE COLONIZACIÓN DE Lactobacillus plantarum LP5 DE ORIGEN PORCINO. FAVE Cs Vet 2021. [DOI: 10.14409/favecv.v19isuplemento.10938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to generate an experimental model of colonization by L. plantarum LP5 in mice (Mus musculus) aimed at improving the general state of the animal and preventing the possible presence of zoonotic pathogens. The mice used were females of the Balb/cCmedc strain, 6 weeks old. Animals were organized into 2 groups of 3 individuals: treated (GT) and control (GC). GT was administered twice weekly by gavage with 100 µl of rifampicin resistant porcine L. plantarum LP5 at a concentration of 1010 CFU. Mice were fed water and food ad libitum throughout the experiment. Colonization in both groups was evaluated by the presence of clinical signs and by a microbiological analysis of the feces. Sampling was performed at weekly intervals to quantify the populations of the supplied L. plantarum LP5, Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, total coliforms, Campylobacter and yeast. The results of the sampling in the GT in the week showed a recovery of L. plantarum LP5 above 5 logUFC/g, in the second it was 7 logUFC/g and in the third it was 5 logUFC/g. The CG, meanwhile, maintained the null count throughout the experiment. The results showed that there was no imbalance between the microbial components. Therefore, it is feasible to affirm that the inoculum did not alter the balance of the intestinal ecosystem. Particularly, it did not exert an inhibitory effect on the members of the previously established microbiota.
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Ruiz MJ. EFECTO INHIBITORIO DE Lactobacillus plantarum AISLADOS DESDE LAS DISTINTAS ETAPAS DE LA CADENA PRODUCTIVA DE CARNE PORCINA FRENTE A Campylobacter coli. FAVE Cs Vet 2021. [DOI: 10.14409/favecv.v19isuplemento.10937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum has a great capacity to adapt to environmental and have antibacterial capacity against different pathogen. This is a potential alternative for the control of pathogen in food coming slaughter animal. The objective of this work was to determine the antibacterial effect of L. plantarum strains against C. coli strains. L. plantarum LP1, LP3, LP5 and LP7 of porcine origin and a reference strain of Campylobacter coli NCTC 11366 were used. C. coli and L. plantarum was reactivated. Lyophilized ELC and ELCn were obtained. C. coli was distributed on the surface of mCCDA by swab and the ELC and the ELCn were inoculated in wells previously made on the agar. After 48 h, the diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. The inhibition halos produced were 23.2 mm. The ELCn showed less antagonistic activity. The LP5 ELC generated higher inhibition halos and ELCn showed no differences between the four strains studied. L. plantarum strains, isolated from the pig production chain, could potentially be applied to control C. coli. This data is added to the scarce scientific evidence of the inhibitory effect of L. plantarum before this zoonotic pathogen of importance in public health.
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Ruiz MJ, Sirini NE, Signorini ML, Etcheverría A, Zbrun MV, Soto LP, Zimmermann JA, Frizzo LS. Protective effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP5 in a murine model of colonisation by Campylobacter coli DSPV458. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:553-565. [PMID: 34590533 DOI: 10.3920/bm2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacter species are the leading cause of foodborne bacterial diarrheal disease worldwide. Campylobacter coli, abundant in pigs and pork products, have been identified as a source of human infection. In this study, we propose the use of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP5 as a probiotic to reduce colonisation of this intestinal pathogen in a murine colonisation model of C. coli DSPV458. Six-week-old adult female Balb/cCmedc mice were housed in groups: Control, Campy and Pro-Campy. Control and Pro-Campy groups received antibiotics for 5 days and the Campy group for 12 days. Pro-Campy group was inoculated for 7 days with 8.78 log10 cfu total of L. plantarum LP5 suspended in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth. All groups were inoculated with 6.72 log10 cfu of C. coli DSPV458 suspended in brain heart infusion broth. L. plantarum LP5 was recovered only in the Pro- Campy group. C. coli DSPV458 was recovered at higher levels in the Control and Campy groups. The differences with the Pro-Campy group were significant. As regards faeces, Control and Campy groups reached 7.41 and 7.84 log10 cfu/g, respectively, and the Pro-Campy group only 4.62 log10 cfu/g. In the caecum, Control and Campy groups reached 8.01 and 9.26 log10cfu/g, respectively, and the Pro-Campy group only 4.51 log10 cfu/g. In the ileum, Control and Campy groups reached 3.43 and 3.26 log10 cfu/g, respectively, and the Pro-Campy group did not show detectable levels. The reduction of C. coli DSPV458 in the Pro-Campy group compared to the Control group in faeces, caecum and ileum was 99.55, 99.98 and 100%, respectively. Animals were maintained under normal health conditions, and haematological parameters were within the standard values for Balb/cCmedc. The incorporation of a probiotic generated a protective effect in the mice colonisation model. The protective effect would also apply to intestinal colonisation by indigenous enterobacteria. Therefore, the strategy used in this study is of great importance to understand the protection mechanisms in a murine model, as well as its application in food-producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - N E Sirini
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela, Ruta 34 Km 227, 2300 Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Etcheverría
- Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - M V Zbrun
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L P Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J A Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
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Tolosa J, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ, Vila-Donat P. Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in feed, metabolism and carry-over to animal-derived food products: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112661. [PMID: 34762978 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The world requests for raw materials used in animal feed has been steadily rising in the last years driven by higher demands for livestock production. Mycotoxins are frequent toxic metabolites present in these raw materials. The exposure of farm animals to mycotoxins could result in undesirable residues in animal-derived food products. Thus, the potential ingestion of edible animal products (milk, meat and fish) contaminated with mycotoxins constitutes a public health concern, since they enter the food chain and may cause adverse effects upon human health. The present review summarizes the state-of-the-art on the occurrence of mycotoxins in feed, their metabolism and carry-over into animal source foodstuffs, focusing particularly on the last decade. Maximum levels (MLs) for various mycotoxins have been established for a number of raw feed materials and animal food products. Such values are sometimes exceeded, however. Aflatoxins (AFs), fumonisins (FBs), ochratoxin A (OTA), trichothecenes (TCs) and zearalenone (ZEN) are the most prevalent mycotoxins in animal feed, with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) predominating in milk and dairy products, and OTA in meat by-products. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed raw materials tends to be the rule rather than the exception, and the carry-over of mycotoxins from feed to animal source foods is more than proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tolosa
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - Y Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain
| | - P Vila-Donat
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
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10
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Ruiz MJ, Soto LP, Sirini NE, Werning ML, Olivero CR, Zimmermann JA, Zbrun MV, Acosta FF, Signorini ML, Frizzo LS. Murine colonization model by Campylobacter coli DSPV458. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1457-1466. [PMID: 34465011 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To generate a murine experimental model of colonization by Campylobacter coli DSPV458. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve adult Balb/cCmedc female mice were housed in a treated group (T-G) and a control group (C-G) for 4 weeks. Both experimental groups received antibiotics for 5 days during the first week. The T-G was administered with 6.68log10 CFU of C. coli DSPV458 by oesophageal gavage. Necropsies were performed weekly to evaluate translocation and intestinal colonization in the spleen and liver and in the ileum and cecum respectively. Samples were cultured to quantify intestinal microbiota members. Faeces were cultured weekly for a C. coli DSPV458 count. Campylobacter coli DSPV458 was isolated from all the inoculated mice. The recovered level of C. coli DSPV458 was, on average, 6.9 log10 CFUg-1 , 8.0 log10 CFUg-1 and 1.6 log10 CFUg-1 in faeces, cecum and ileum respectively. Colonization by C. coli DSPV458 does not alter the normal clinical and physiological status. CONCLUSIONS Campylobacter coli DSPV458 does not have an invasive capacity, and the model is suitable for evaluating strategies to reduce intestinal loads. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Farm animals have an important impact on thermotolerant Campylobacter transmission to humans. Extremely few colonization models by C. coli have been reported to date. In food-producing animals, infection is mild or absent and thermotolerant Campylobacter colonize the intestines of animals. Colonization models are specific models that do not cause infection as they do not generally result in diarrhoea or other signs of disease. Therefore, this model will allow to evaluate the evolution of colonization by thermotolerant Campylobacter and the alternative tools development to antibiotics that limit their colonization in food-producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L P Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - N E Sirini
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Werning
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C R Olivero
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J A Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M V Zbrun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - F F Acosta
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar DALLA SANTINA", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
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11
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Llorca T, García O, Martínez R, Méndez C, Ruiz MJ, Abadía AC, Ruiz C, García E. P–398 Decidualization inhibits the expression of CXCR3-binding chemokines by human decidual stromal cells. Role in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
We aimed to analyze the effects of decidualization on the expression of chemokines that attract abortogenic T cells by human DSCs.
Summary answer
Decidualization inhibits the expression of chemokines that attract Th1 and Tc1 cells by DSCs, thereby preventing the arrival of abortogenic T cells into the decidua.
What is known already
Decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are the most abundant cells in the human decidua, the tissue that constitutes the maternal component of the placenta. Numerous evidences confirm that DSCs play a key role in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. In normal pregnancy, DSCs undergo a process of differentiation (decidualization) under the effect of progesterone and other pregnancy hormones. Decidualized DSCs become rounded and secrete prolactin, IL–15 and other factors. In the mouse, it has been observed that during pregnancy, DSCs inhibit the expression of chemokines that attract abortogenic Th1 and Tc1 cells from blood to the decidua.
Study design, size, duration
We compared the expression of CXCR3-binding chemokines by undifferentiated and decidualized human DSCs. We also compared the capacity of these cells to attract activated Th1 and Tc1 cells in vitro. Ten DSC lines were obtained from elective vaginal terminations of first-trimester pregnancies (6–11 weeks). Donors were healthy women aged 20–30 years. Informed consent was obtained from each donor. This study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Granada.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Decidual stromal cell lines were established as previously described. These lines were decidualized with progesterone and cAMP in vitro. The expression of chemokines by these cells was studied by RT-PCR. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated with PHA, anti-CD28 and IL–2. As a consequence of this activation, CXCR3+ Th1 and Tc1 cells were produced. We used a migration assay in Transwell chambers to study the capacity of DSCs to attract these activated T cells.
Main results and the role of chance
We observed that those chemokines that bind to CXCR3, a chemokine receptor detected in activated Th1 and Tc1 cells, were not expressed by either undifferentiated and decidualized DSCs (CXCL9) or their expression was inhibited in decidualized DSCs (CXCL10 P < 0.01, CXCL11 P < 0.05). We found that conditioned media of undifferentiated DSCs decreased the migration of CXCR3+ activated T cells (Th1 and Tc1 cells) (P < 0.05), and this effect was even stronger with conditioned media of decidialized DSCs P < 0.001). These results demonstrated that decidualization of DSCs during pregnancy inhibits the expression of chemokines that attract Th1 and Tc1 cells by DSCs, thereby preventing the arrival of abortogenic T cells into the decidua.
Limitations, reasons for caution
This is an in vitro study due to the impossibility of performing an in vivo study in humans for ethical reasons.
Wider implications of the findings: Several publications have shown that DSCs have a therapeutic effect in various Th1-associated diseases. Our results explain this effect and suggest the extension of the use of these cells in the treatment of this type of diseases.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- T Llorca
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica. Universidad de Granada, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Granada, Spain
| | - O García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica. Universidad de Granada, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Granada, Spain
| | - R Martínez
- University of Edinburgh, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C Méndez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica. Universidad de Granada, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica. Universidad de Granada, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Granada, Spain
| | - A C Abadía
- Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Granada, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Granada, Spain
| | - C Ruiz
- Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Granada, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Granada, Spain
| | - E García
- Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de Granada, Bioquímica y Biología Molecular III e Inmunología, Granada, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, and vanillin are four of the most thoroughly investigated essential oil components given their relevant biological properties. These compounds are generally considered safe for consumption and have been used in a wide range of food and non-food applications. Significant biological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, or anti-carcinogenic activity, have been described for these components. They are versatile molecules with wide-ranging potential applications whose use may substantially increase in forthcoming years. However, some in vitro and in vivo studies, and several case reports, have indicated that carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol may have potential toxicological effects. Oxidative stress has been described as the main mechanism underlying their cytotoxic behavior, and mutagenic and genotoxic effects have been occasionally observed. In vivo studies show adverse effects after acute and prolonged carvacrol and thymol exposure in mice, rats, and rabbits, and eugenol has caused pulmonary and renal damage in exposed frogs. In humans, exposure to these three compounds may cause different adverse reactions, including skin irritation, inflammation, ulcer formation, dermatitis, or slow healing. Toxicological vanillin effects have been less reported, although reduced cell viability after exposure to high concentrations has been described. In this context, the possible risks deriving from increased exposure to these components for human health and the environment should be thoroughly revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Barat
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Toxicology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Ruiz MJ, Zbrun MV, Signorini ML, Zimmermann JA, Soto LP, Rosmini MR, Frizzo LS. In vitro screening and in vivo colonization pilot model of Lactobacillus plantarum LP5 and Campylobacter coli DSPV 458 in mice. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4161-4171. [PMID: 34061232 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the antibacterial effect of Lactobacillus plantarum strains of pork origin against Campylobacter coli strains, and to conduct experimental colonization pilot models in mice for both microorganisms. Inhibition assays allowed evaluation and selection of L. plantarum LP5 as the strain with the highest antagonistic activity against C. coli and with the best potential to be used in in vivo study. Adult 6-week-old female Balb/cCmedc mice were lodged in two groups. The treated group was administered with 9.4 log10CFU/2 times/wk of L. plantarum LP5. L. plantarum LP5 was recovered from the feces and cecum of the inoculated mice. However, when bacteria stopped being administered, probiotic counts decreased. Experimental colonization with C. coli was carried out in five groups of mice. All animals were treated with antibiotics in their drinking water to weaken the indigenous microbiota and to allow colonization of C. coli. Four groups were administered once with different C. coli strains (DSPV458: 8.49 log10CFU; DSPV567: 8.09 log10CFU; DSPV570: 8.46 log10CFU; DSPV541: 8.86 log10CFU, respectively). After 8 h, mice inoculated with different C. coli strains were colonized because the pathogen was detected in their feces. L. plantarum LP5 tolerated the gastrointestinal conditions of murine model without generating adverse effects on the animals. C. coli DSPV458 colonized the mice without causing infection by lodging in their digestive tract, thus generating a reproducible colonization model. Both models combined could be used as protection murine models against pathogens to test alternative control tools to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M V Zbrun
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela (CONICET/INTA), Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J A Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L P Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M R Rosmini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.
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14
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Fuentes C, Ruiz-Rico M, Fuentes A, Barat JM, Ruiz MJ. Comparative cytotoxic study of silica materials functionalised with essential oil components in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111858. [PMID: 33212212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the cytotoxic effect of different EOCs-functionalised silica particle types. The in vitro toxicity of eugenol and vanillin-immobilised SAS, MCM-41 microparticles and MCM-41 nanoparticles was evaluated on HepG2 cells, and compared to free EOCs and pristine materials. The results revealed that free essential oil components and bare silica had a mild cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells. However, the comparative study showed that free eugenol and vanillin had a milder cytotoxic effect than the equivalent concentrations of immobilised components on the different silica particles, while differences in cell viability between the bare and functionalised particles relied on the type of analysed material. The most cytotoxic materials were eugenol and vanillin-functionalised MCM-41 micro with IC50 values of 0.19 and 0.17 mg/mL, respectively, at 48 h exposure. Differences in cytotoxicity between functionalised particles may be attributed to the density of the functional components on their surface as a result of the functionalisation reaction performance for different materials. The study of the physico-chemical properties of particles demonstrated that cationic nature and increased hydrophobicity could be responsible for promoting cell-particle interactions for the eugenol and vanillin functionalised silica particles, enhancing their cytotoxic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - María Ruiz-Rico
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Ana Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - José Manuel Barat
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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15
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Fuentes C, Ruiz-Rico M, Fuentes A, Ruiz MJ, Barat JM. Degradation of silica particles functionalised with essential oil components under simulated physiological conditions. J Hazard Mater 2020; 399:123120. [PMID: 32937724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the biodurability of three silica particle types (synthetic amourphous silica, MCM-41 microparticles, MCM-41 nanoparticles) functionalised with three different essential oil components (carvacrol, eugenol, vanillin) was studied under conditions that represented the human gastrointestinal tract and lysosomal fluid. The effect of particle type, surface immobilised component and mass quantity on the physico-chemical properties of particles and silicon dissolution was determined. Exposure to biological fluids did not bring about changes in the zeta potential values or particle size distribution of the bare or functionalised materials, but the in vitro digestion process partially degraded the structure of the MCM-41 nanoparticles. Functionalisation preserved the structure of the MCM-41 nanoparticles after simulating an in vitro digestion process, and significantly decreased the amount of silicon dissolved after exposing different particles to both physiological conditions, independently of the essential oil component anchored to their surface. The MCM-41 microparticles showed the highest solubility, while synthetic amorphous silica presented the lowest levels of dissolved silicon. The study of these modified silica particles under physiological conditions could help to predict the toxicological behaviour of these new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Ruiz-Rico
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Barat
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Damilano G, Sued O, Satorres S, Ruiz MJ, Ghiglione Y, Guzman F, Turk G, Quiroga F, Cahn P, Salomón H, Dilernia D. Bioinformatic analysis of post-transmission viral readaptation in Argentine patients with acute HIV-1 infection. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 81:104207. [PMID: 31991176 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the acute phase of HIV-1 infection, a strong readaptation occurs in the viral population. Our objective was to analyze the post-transmission mutations associated with escape to the cytotoxic immune response and its relationship with the progression of the infection. In this study, a total of 17 patients were enrolled during acute/early primary HIV infection and 8 subjects that were the HIV positive partner resulting in 8 transmission pairs. Genotyping of the genetic polymorphisms of HLA class I A and B was performed using PCR-SSOP. Viral RNA extraction was from plasma. 570 single Gag-gene amplifications were obtained by limiting-dilution RT-PCR. Epitope prediction was performed with NetMHC CBS prediction server for the 19 HLA-A and B alleles. Cytotoxic response prediction was performed by using the IEDB Analysis Resource. From our results, we deduce that the transmitted CTL / gag escape frequency in the founder virus was at least double compared to the post-transmission events. Additionally, by means of an algorithm that combines these frequencies, we observed that the founder viruses better adapted to the HLA A / B alleles of the recipient could contribute to a greater progression of the infection. Our results suggest that there is a large adaptation of HIV-1 to the HLA A / B alleles prevalent in our population. However, despite this adaptive advantage, the virus needs to make "readjustments" through new escape and compensatory mutations. Interestingly, according to our results, this readaptation could have a role in the progression of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Damilano
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - O Sued
- Fundación Huésped-Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Satorres
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San luis (UNSL), Argentina
| | - M J Ruiz
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Y Ghiglione
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Guzman
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - G Turk
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Quiroga
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Cahn
- Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. JA Fernández", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Salomón
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Dilernia
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Goane L, Pereyra PM, Castro F, Ruiz MJ, Juárez ML, Segura DF, Vera MT. Yeast derivatives and wheat germ in the adult diet modulates fecundity in a tephritid pest. Bull Entomol Res 2019; 109:178-190. [PMID: 29784067 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), a pest of great economic importance in South America, needs urgently to be controlled by environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique for which mass rearing of insects is required. Because oogenesis takes place during the adult stage, mass-rearing facilities should provide the females a diet that maximizes egg production at the lowest cost. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of artificial protein sources in the adult diet (yeast derivatives of different cost but with similar amino acids profiles, and the addition of wheat germ) on fecundity. Additionally, we evaluated different ratios of yeast derivatives or wheat germ on ovary maturation, fecundity, and fertility as well as their association with the nutrient content of females. Females fed hydrolyzed yeast and yeast extract attained the highest fecundity level, and those fed brewer's yeast the lowest. Reducing the amount of hydrolyzed yeast, an expensive protein source, in the diet negatively affected fecundity and ovary maturation. Increasing the amount of brewer's yeast, a low-cost protein source, did not favor fecundity. The addition of wheat germ in the adult diet improved fecundity regardless of the yeast derivate considered. Percentage of egg hatch was not affected by the diet. Nutrient content of A. fraterculus females varied according to the adult diet provided and mating status. Our findings provide novel baseline information to understand the role of nutrition on reproductive performance of A. fraterculus females and are discussed in the context of resource allocation. They also provide valuable advances in the search for cost-effective adult diets at fruit fly mass rearing facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Goane
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - P M Pereyra
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - F Castro
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - M J Ruiz
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - M L Juárez
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
| | - D F Segura
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires,Argentina
| | - M T Vera
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia,Cátedra de Terapéutica Vegetal (CTV),Universidad Nacional de Tucumán,Tucumán,Argentina
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18
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Fandos R, Bruña S, Hernández C, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ, Terreros P, Cuadrado I. Titanium thiosalicylate complexes: functional metalloligands for the construction of redox-active heterometallic architectures. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15391-15398. [PMID: 30306985 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02641f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The titanium complex [TiCp*(thiosal)(thiosalH)] (1) has been synthesised by reaction of [TiCp*Me3], Cp* = η5-C5Me5, with thiosalicylic acid (H2thiosal). Complex 1 reacts with [M(μ-OH)(COD)]2 (M = Rh, Ir) to yield the corresponding early-late heterobimetallic complexes [TiCp*(thiosal)2M(COD)] (M = Rh (2); Ir (3)). Carbon monoxide replaces the COD ligand in 2 and 3 leading to the respective dicarbonyl complexes [TiCp*(thiosal)2M(CO)2] (M = Rh (4); Ir (5)). Compound 4 reacts with PPh3 to yield the monocarbonyl derivative [TiCp*(thiosal)2Rh(CO)(PPh3)] (6). The reaction of compound 1 with LinBu yields the tetrametallic complex [{TiCp*(thiosal)2Li}2(THF)3(H2O)] (7). Compound 7 reacts with [RuCp*Cl(COD)] yielding the heterometallic complex [TiCp*(thiosal)2RuCp*] (8). The molecular structures of compounds 4, 5 and 7 have been studied by X-ray diffraction. From cyclic voltammetric (CV) and square wave voltammetric (SWV) experiments, we observed that attachment of the titanium moiety of precursor 1 to a late transition metal moiety through the sulfur atoms has a significant influence on the reduction behaviour of the Ti(iv) metal centre. Thus, monometallic 1 exhibits an irreversible reduction process at -1.15 V vs. SCE, whereas the CVs of heterobimetallic compounds 2-6 are characterized by the reversible or quasi-reversible one-electron reduction of the Ti(iv)/Ti(iii) system, suggesting a significant stabilization of the Ti(iii) reduced species. Likewise, substitution of the M(COD) diolefin fragment in 2 and 3 by the M(CO)2 carbonyl-containing moiety (in compounds 4 and 5) leads to a significant anodic shift in the titanium E1/2 reduction redox potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avd. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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19
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Fandos R, Hernández C, Otero A, Pacheco J, Rodríguez AM, Ruiz MJ, Organero JÁ. Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Reactivity of Titanium Chelidamate Complexes: the Significant Role of the Hydroxide Pyridine Moiety. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Otero
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas Químicas, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Janira Pacheco
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Campus de Ciudad
Real, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Juan Ángel Organero
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Prosperini A, Berrada H, Ruiz MJ, Caloni F, Coccini T, Spicer LJ, Perego MC, Lafranconi A. A Review of the Mycotoxin Enniatin B. Front Public Health 2017; 5:304. [PMID: 29201864 PMCID: PMC5697211 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin enniatin B (ENN B) is a secondary metabolism product by Fusarium fungi. It is a well-known antibacterial, antihelmintic, antifungal, herbicidal, and insecticidal compound. It has been found as a contaminant in several food commodities, particularly in cereal grains, co-occurring also with other mycotoxins. The primary mechanism of action of ENN B is mainly due to its ionophoric characteristics, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. In the last two decades, it has been a topic of great interest since its potent mammalian cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in several mammalian cell lines. Moreover, the co-exposure in vitro with other mycotoxins enhances its toxic potential through synergic effects, depending on the concentrations tested. Despite its clear cytotoxic effect, European Food Safety Authority stated that acute exposure to ENNs, such as ENN B, does not indicate concern for human health, but a concern might be the chronic exposure. However, given the lack of relevant toxicity data, no firm conclusion could be drawn and a risk assessment was not possible. In fact, very few studies have been carried out in vivo and, in these studies, no adverse effects were observed. So, research on toxicological effects induced by ENN B is still on-going. Recently, some studies are dealing with new advances regarding ENN B. This review summarizes the information on biochemical and biological activity of ENN B, focusing on toxicological aspects and on the latest advances in research on ENN B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prosperini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Houda Berrada
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, Maugeri Clinical Scientific Institutes SpA-BS, IRCCS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Leon J Spicer
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Maria Chiara Perego
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- Centro di Studio e Ricerca sulla Sanità Pubblica (CESP), Università Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of International Health, FHML, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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21
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Manyes L, Escrivá L, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Transcriptomic changes after exposure to Enniatin B in Jurkat human T lymphoblastoid cells. Toxicol Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.07.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Escrivá
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermina Font
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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Junco P, Barrios R, Ruiz MJ, Bravo M. Educational intervention about oral piercing knowledge among dental students and adolescents at schools. Int Dent J 2017; 67:294-298. [PMID: 28321850 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral piercing can lead to complications and dentists are in a unique position to detect such complications. The purpose of this study was: (i) to assess the immediate and the long-term effects, on dental students, of a training programme about oral piercing knowledge; and (ii) to assess the immediate effect, on adolescents, of a single educational intervention session about oral piercing. METHODS A training programme for dental students (n = 66) was carried out in three phases. The last phase consisted of preparing and giving talks about oral piercing at schools, which was delivered by a random selection of dental students involved in the training programme. Dental students answered a questionnaire about oral piercing knowledge, before, immediately after (only the dental students included in the last phase) and 12 months after the training programme. Adolescents (n = 347) answered a survey about oral piercing knowledge before and after the talks. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in all comparison groups, except for the results in the 'before intervention' and in the '12 months after intervention' groups among dental students who had not prepared and given the talks to adolescents. Knowledge about oral piercing significantly improved among adolescents when comparing results before (mean questionnaire score = 3.0) and after (mean questionnaire score = 6.2) the talks. CONCLUSIONS Oral piercing educational intervention had a favourable impact on adolescents and dental students, particularly among those who were more involved in the learning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Junco
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Bravo
- School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Fandos R, Hernández C, Otero A, Rodríguez AM, Ruiz MJ. The Role of Ancillary Ligands on the Reactivity of Monocyclopentadienyl Tantalum Complexes with Water. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL); Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente; Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL); Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente; Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo Spain
| | - Antonio Otero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Orgánica y Bioquímica; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real; Avd. Camilo José Cela, 10 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Orgánica y Bioquímica; Universidad de Castilla-La; Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Campus de Ciudad Real; Avd. Camilo José Cela, 3 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL); Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente; Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo Spain
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25
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Bordin K, Saladino F, Fernández-Blanco C, Ruiz MJ, Mañes J, Fernández-Franzón M, Meca G, Luciano FB. Reaction of zearalenone and α-zearalenol with allyl isothiocyanate, characterization of reaction products, their bioaccessibility and bioavailability in vitro. Food Chem 2016; 217:648-654. [PMID: 27664682 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the reduction of zearalenone (ZEA) and α-zearalenol (α-ZOL) on a solution model using allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) and also determines the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the reaction products isolated and identified by MS-LIT. Mycotoxin reductions were dose-dependent, and ZEA levels decreased more than α-ZOL, ranging from 0.2 to 96.9% and 0 to 89.5% respectively, with no difference (p⩽0.05) between pH 4 and 7. Overall, simulated gastric bioaccessibility was higher than duodenal bioaccessibility for both mycotoxins and mycotoxin-AITC conjugates, with duodenal fractions representing ⩾63.5% of the original concentration. Simulated bioavailability of reaction products (α-ZOL/ZEA-AITC) were lower than 42.13%, but significantly higher than the original mycotoxins. The cytotoxicity of α-ZOL and ZEA in Caco-2/TC7 cells was also evaluated, with toxic effects observed at higher levels than 75μM. Further studies should be performed to evaluate the toxicity and estrogenic effect of α-ZOL/ZEA-AITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bordin
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, 80215-910 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - F Saladino
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - C Fernández-Blanco
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Mañes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Fernández-Franzón
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - G Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - F B Luciano
- School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, 80215-910 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Conde A, Cruzado B, Fandos R, Otero A, Rodríguez AM, Ruiz MJ. Effect of Anions on the Stability and Solubility of Tantalum Complexes in Water. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501014v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Conde
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL),
Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cruzado
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL),
Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa Fandos
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL),
Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Otero
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA),
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- ETS
Ingenieros Industriales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en
Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus
de Ciudad Real, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Instituto
de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL),
Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Fandos R, Hernández C, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ. C–O Bond Activation by a Tantalum‐Bonded Pincer Ligand – Ligand Modification Effects on the Selectivity of C–H Bond Cleavage Processes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Otero
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, http://www.uclm.es/organos/vic%5Finvestigacion/gruposweb/gqomcat
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Campus de Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Bermejo R, Ruiz MJ, Ferrándiz C, Soto G, Sainz M. Pensamiento científico-creativo y rendimiento académico || Scientific-creative thinking and academic achievement. R Est Inv Psico y Educ 2014. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2014.1.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo del trabajo es estudiar la relación del constructo de pensamiento científico-creativo con el rendimiento académico en una muestra de alumnos adolescentes. Además de ello, se analizará la fiabilidad de la prueba de pensamiento científico-creativo que se va a utilizar en el presente trabajo. En el estudio participaron 98 estudiantes (12-16 años) de un instituto de Educación Secundaria de la Región de Murcia (España). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: a) el test de Pensamiento Científico-Creativo (Hu y Adey, 2002); adaptado en nuestro país por el Equipo de Altas Habilidades de la Universidad de Murcia. El test consta de 7 tareas que se fundamentan en el Modelo Estructural de la Creatividad Científica (SCSM, Scientific Creativity Structure Model; Hu y Adey, 2002); mediante este test se valoran las dimensiones de fluidez, flexibilidad y originalidad; b) el test de Inteligencia General y Factorial (IGF/5r; Yuste, 2002), que evalúa las habilidades de Inteligencia General y Factorial, razonamiento lógico, razonamiento verbal, razonamiento numérico y razonamiento espacial; y c) el rendimiento académico de los alumnos por ámbitos (científico-tecnológico, lingüístico-social y artístico). Los resultados mostraron relaciones positivas y estadísticamente significativas entre las tareas de la prueba de creatividad científica y el rendimiento académico en los diferentes ámbitos.
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Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ, Font G, Berrada H. Exposure estimates to Fusarium mycotoxins through cereals intake. Chemosphere 2013; 93:2297-2303. [PMID: 24012140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are harmful substances produced by fungi in several commodities with a widespread presence in foodstuffs. Human exposure to mycotoxins occurs mainly by contaminated food. The quantitation of mycotoxins in cereal-based food, highly consumed by different age population, is of concern. In this survey, 159 cereal-based samples classified as wheat, maize and rice-based, have been evaluated for the occurrence of patulin, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, fusarenon-X, diacetoxyscirpenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol, HT-2, T-2 and zearalenone by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Intakes were calculated for average consumers among adults, children and infants and compared with the tolerable daily intakes (TDI). Data obtained were used to estimate the potential exposure levels. 65.4% of the samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin and 15.7% of the analyzed samples showed co-occurrence of mycotoxin. The dietary exposure to HT-2 and T-2 toxins was estimated as 0.010 and 0.086 μg kg(-1) bw d(-1), amounting to 10% and 86% of the TDI, for adults and infants respectively. These results back up the necessity to take a vigilant attitude in order to minimize human intake of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- University of Valencia, Department of Food Science, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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30
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Prosperini A, Juan-García A, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Reactive oxygen species involvement in apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in Caco-2 cells induced by enniatins A, A₁, B and B₁. Toxicol Lett 2013; 222:36-44. [PMID: 23867914 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as the cell cycle disruption, the induction of apoptosis and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) as a function of increasing time have been determined in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells after exposure to enniatins (ENs) A, A₁, B and B₁. IC₅₀ values obtained by the MTT and Neutral Red assay, after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure ranged from 0.5±0.1 to >15 μM. A significant increase (p≤0.05) in ROS generation and LPO production, as determined by the fluorescent probe H2-DCFDA and TBARS method respectively, was observed for all mycotoxins tested at 3.0 μM concentration. The highest increase in ROS generation (2.6 fold higher than control) and LPO production (111%, as compared to control) was observed with EN A. Cell cycle was significantly arrested at G2/M phase after 24 h of exposure to EN A, A₁, B₁, whereas after 72 h of exposure an arrest in S phase was observed almost for all mycotoxins tested. Moreover, after 24 and 48 h of exposure, ENs increased the early apoptotic cells, whereas after 72h of exposure necrosis was observed. In addition the loss of ΔΨm was produced on Caco-2 cells after ENs exposure. ENs A, A₁, B and B₁ cytotoxicity involved early ROS generation that induced LPO oxidative damage, apoptosis and necrosis via the mitochondrial pathway. ENs A, A₁ and B₁ induced DNA damage. However the same effects cannot be proposed for EN B. Further studies on the toxicological effects induced by ENs A, A₁, B and B₁ are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prosperini
- Laboratori de Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vincent Andres Estelles, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Abstract
Enniatins (ENs) are fungal secondary metabolites produced by genus Fusarium. The ENs exert antimicrobial and insecticidal effect, and has also been demonstrated cytotoxic effects on several mammalian cell lines. On the other hands, it has been proved that natural polyphenols have antioxidant effect. In this study, cell effects at low levels of exposure of four ENs (A, A(1), B and B(1)) and five polyphenols (quercetin, quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, rutin, myricetin and t-pterostilbene) present in wine; and the cytoprotective effect of these polyphenols exposed simultaneously with ENs in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO-K1) cells, were studied. Cell effects were determined by the MTT test after 24 h of exposure. All ENs showed cytotoxic effect. The IC(50) obtained ranged from 4.5 ± 1.2 to 11.0 ± 2.7 µM. The concentration of polyphenols tested ranged from 5 to 50 µM. Polyphenols did not show cytotoxicity and the cytoprotective effect of polyphenols varies depending on the EN tested. The cytoprotective effect of polyphenols in CHO-K1 cells exposed to ENs was as follow: quercetin, from 24 to 84%; quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, from 12 to 76%; rutin, from 17 to 83%; myricetin, from 16 to 92% and pterostilbene from 25 to 100%. All polyphenols protected CHO-K1 cells against EN A(1) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lombardi
- Dipartmento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Chimica Bromatologica, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Nutrizione, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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32
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Fernández-Gallardo J, Bajo Á, Fandos R, Otero A, Rodrı́guez A, Ruiz MJ. Insertion Reactions in Ta–H and Ta–Me Bonds in Complexes Containing Tridentate κ3O,S,O-Type Ligands. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om3011728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Orgánica
y Bioquı́mica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales
y Bioquı́mica, INAMOL, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo,
Spain
| | - Ángel Bajo
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Orgánica
y Bioquı́mica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales
y Bioquı́mica, INAMOL, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo,
Spain
| | - Rosa Fandos
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Orgánica
y Bioquı́mica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales
y Bioquı́mica, INAMOL, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo,
Spain
| | - Antonio Otero
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as Quı́micas, Campus de
Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana Rodrı́guez
- ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo
José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Departamento de Quı́mica
Inorgánica, Orgánica
y Bioquı́mica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales
y Bioquı́mica, INAMOL, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo,
Spain
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Fernández-Gallardo J, Bellarosa L, Ujaque G, Lledós A, Ruiz MJ, Fandos R, Otero A. Rearrangement of Tridentate [OSO]-Type Ligands and Migratory Insertion Reaction Mechanisms in Cyclopentadienyl Tantalum Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3004652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Facultad
de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, sn 45071 Toledo,
Spain
| | - Luca Bellarosa
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregori Ujaque
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Facultad
de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, sn 45071 Toledo,
Spain
| | - Rosa Fandos
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Facultad
de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, sn 45071 Toledo,
Spain
| | - Antonio Otero
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología
Químicas, Universidad de Castilla−La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 10, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071
Ciudad Real, Spain
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Conde A, Fandos R, Hernández C, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ. Ligand-Modification Effects on the Reactivity, Solubility, and Stability of Organometallic Tantalum Complexes in Water. Chemistry 2012; 18:2319-26. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Oviedo A, Nestel D, Papadopoulos NT, Ruiz MJ, Prieto SC, Willink E, Vera MT. Management of protein intake in the fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus. J Insect Physiol 2011; 57:1622-1630. [PMID: 21896276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work tested if carbohydrates and proteins ingestion is regulated in the South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus, to optimize survival and reproduction. Adult food treatments were established by providing sugar and hydrolyzed yeast in various combinations either alone or mixed at a standard 3:1 ratio (sugar:hydrolyzed yeast). Individual food consumption was assessed and related to survival patterns. The effects of adult feeding on fecundity and fertility patterns were investigated in groups of flies. Sugar consumption was the lowest in the treatment where it was provided with hydrolyzed yeast at a fixed 3:1 ratio. Consumption of hydrolyzed yeast did not differ between this treatment and the one in which this solution was complemented with one solution of sugar. It seems that a mixture of sugar and hydrolyzed yeast at a fixed ratio of 3:1, respectively, restricts extra ingestion of sugar; most probably because of negative response of the fly to overconsumption of protein. Survival was affected by the treatments, being lower in those cases where protein was at the fixed ratio. Group experiments revealed that protein restriction expanded longevity and decreased egg production. In contrast, egg production was enhanced when flies were kept continuously with a mixture of yeast and sugar plus an extra source of sugar, and this was not in detriment of survival. Our results suggest that fixed sugar-protein ratios in which protein is in excess affects fitness components such as longevity and reproduction. These findings are discussed from a theoretical and applied perspective in the context of pest control by means of the sterile insect technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oviedo
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Tucumán, Argentina
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Meca G, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Comparative cytotoxicity study of enniatins A, A₁, A₂, B, B₁, B₄ and J₃ on Caco-2 cells, Hep-G₂ and HT-29. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:2464-9. [PMID: 21640785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enniatins (ENs) are ionophoric, phytotoxic, antihelminthic, and antibiotic compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of Fusarium spp. The cytotoxicity effect of the ENs A, A(1), A(2), B, B(1), B(4) and J(3) was compared on three tumor cell lines, the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), the human colon carcinoma (HT-29), and the human liver carcinoma (Hep-G2). The endpoint evaluated was the mitochondrial integrity by using the MTT assays, after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The IC(50) value for EN A(2) on Caco-2 cells, after 24h exposure, was 18.7 ± 4.5 μM and decrease to 2.6 ± 0.7 μM at 48 h of incubation. However, ENs A, A(1), B(1) and B(4) exert pronounced cytotoxic effects in all the cell lines tested by the MTT assay after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The EN A(1) demonstrated to be the most cytotoxic ENs tested. Moreover, no statistical differences were found between the IC(50) values obtained for EN A(1) on Caco-2, HT-29 and Hep-G2, with IC(50) values ranging from 9.1 ± 2.2 μM to 12.3 ± 4.3 μM at 24h and decreasing in a range variable from 1.4 ± 0.7 μM to 2.7 ± 0.8 μM at 48 h. On the other hand, EN A, B(1) and B(4) showed lower cytotoxicity, but in a similar range as the IC(50) values reported on HT-29 (IC(50) values (24h): 16.8 ± 4.3-26.2 ± 6.7 μM), Caco-2 (IC(50) values (24h): 19.5 ± 4.1 μM) and Hep-G2 (IC(50) values (24h): 23.4 ± 5.6-26.2 ± 7.6 μM) cells. Cytotoxic effect with a 48 h of incubation revealed also a significant toxicity of ENs A (IC(50) values ranged from 8.2 ± 1.8 to 11.4 ± 4.6 μM), B(1) (IC(50) values variables from 3.7 ± 0.7 to 11.5 ± 5.3 μM) and B(4) (IC(50) of 4.5 ± 2.9-15.0 ± 4.0 μM). In summary, this study demonstrated that ENs can exert toxic activity at low micromolar concentrations in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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Meca G, Sospedra I, Valero MA, Mañes J, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Antibacterial activity of the enniatin B, produced byFusarium tricinctumin liquid culture, and cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2011; 21:503-12. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2011.556202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Fandos R, Fernández-Gallardo J, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ. Tantalum Complexes Containing a Tridentate [NSN]-Type Ligand: Unusual Reactivity of a Dihydride Complex with an Isocyanide to Give an Azatantallaziridine Moiety. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, INAMOL, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, INAMOL, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Otero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, INAMOL, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain
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Fandos R, Hernández C, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ, Suizo S, Pastor C, Terreros P. Monocyclopentadienyl titanium complexes supported by functionalized carboxylate ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fandos R, Fernández-Gallardo J, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ. Influence of Hydrogen Bonds on the Stability of Some Cationic Monoaminocarbene Tantalum Complexes Containing Tridentate Bis(phenolato) [OSO]-Type Ligands. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100541g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Antonio Otero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain
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González JA, Chust M, Delgado R, Gómez A, Rodríguez N, Ruiz MJ, Casas F. Spanish radiobiological pattern of care in lung cancer: a GOECP/SEOR study. Clin Transl Oncol 2010; 12:292-8. [PMID: 20462839 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-010-0506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A survey regarding radiobiological questions in the treatment of lung cancer (LC) was done to study the clinical aspects of radiotherapy in Spain, in order to standardise treatment decisions. METHODS AND MATERIALS From November 2007 to March 2008, a survey was performed among radiation oncologists in Spain specialising in LC treatment via e-mail, which included questions regarding different radiobiological aspects of radiotherapy LC treatment. The extent of the resulting material made it necessary to divide it into two parts; the first is presented in this article. The second, which includes items about alpha/beta-NTCP/TCP values and reirradiation criteria, will be reported elsewhere. RESULTS Thirty-one radiation therapists from 29 radiation oncology departments answered the survey. 77.4-93.5% of responders used the basic formula from the linear-quadratic model and/or computer software for radiobiological calculations; 100% used lung (mostly V20, median <30%) and spinal cord constraints (mostly a median of physical maximum dose <45.5 Gy); and 90.3% used heart and oesophagus constraints (very heterogeneous parameters in both organs). CONCLUSIONS Radiobiological considerations are clearly present in the planning process of radiotherapy of LC in Spain, with a high coincidence with the literature regarding lung and spinal cord constraints. The heterogeneity shown for oesophagus and heart results demonstrates the need for continuing investigation into the standardisation of clinical, dosimetric and radiobiologic aspects of the treatment of this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A González
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Instituto Madrileño de Oncología Unidad Regional de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain.
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Meca G, Ruiz MJ, Soriano JM, Ritieni A, Moretti A, Font G, Mañes J. Isolation and purification of enniatins A, A(1), B, B(1), produced by Fusarium tricinctum in solid culture, and cytotoxicity effects on Caco-2 cells. Toxicon 2010; 56:418-24. [PMID: 20417655 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Enniatins (ENs) are antibiotic compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of Fusarium spp. The ENs A, A(1), B, B(1) were purified from extracts of Fusarium tricinctum grown on a solid medium of corn, by a low pressure liquid chromatography (LPLC) on reverse phase of Amberlite XAD-7 followed by semipreparative LC. The purity and the structure of the isolated compounds were confirmed by LC-MS/MS. The technique of the purification of the fungal extract enabled complete separation of the ENs A, A(1), B, B(1) with a mean purity of 97% for all the compounds. The cytoxicity of the ENs was tested in the cell lines of human origin (epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, Caco-2) by MTT assays. Only EN A(1) and B(1) evoked toxicity at the tested concentrations. The inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) for EN A(1) on Caco-2 cells was 12.3 microM, whereas the IC(50) produced by the EN B(1) was 19.5 microM. This study indicates that ENs, fungal metabolites that are commonly found in corn and in general in product composed by corn, may have a toxic potential for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of València, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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Meca G, Fernández-Franzón M, Ritieni A, Font G, Ruiz MJ, Mañes J. Formation of fumonisin B(1)-glucose reaction product, in vitro cytotoxicity, and lipid peroxidation on kidney cells. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:1359-1365. [PMID: 20041644 DOI: 10.1021/jf9028255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) content in corn products decreases during the heating process in foods containing reducing sugars, mainly because of the formation of N-(carboxymethyl)fumonisin B(1). In this study, a rapid method has been developed for the determination of both compounds in corn products using a high-speed blender, Ultra-Turrax, for solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The kinetics of FB(1) degradation and the formation of the Maillard adduct were studied in a model system constituted by corn bread spiked with FB(1) and heated at 160, 180, and 200 degrees C for 3, 6, 10, 15, and 20 min. FB(1) decreased from 0.96 to 0.3 mg/kg and N-(carboxymethyl)fumonisin B(1) increased to 0.1 mg/kg. Cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation were studied in monkey kidney cells (Vero cells). After 24 h exposure, FB(1) revealed an IC(50) (median inhibitory concentration) of 55 +/- 7 microM with neutral red uptake, but no IC(50) was obtained after N-(carboxymethyl)fumonisin B(1) exposure at the studied concentrations. Lipid peroxidation was assessed using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method for 90 min and 24 and 48 h. FB(1) significantly increased the production of malondialdehyde in Vero cells exposed to 1 microM FB(1) after 24 h, while malondialdehyde increased after 5 microM N-(carboxymethyl)fumonisin B(1) exposure. These findings showed that the transformation products exhibit lower cytotoxicity than fumonisin B(1) and lipid peroxidation may be involved in the cytotoxicity induced by both toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Ruiz MJ, Fernández M, Picó Y, Mañes J, Asensi M, Carda C, Asensio G, Estrela JM. Dietary administration of high doses of pterostilbene and quercetin to mice is not toxic. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:3180-6. [PMID: 19292443 DOI: 10.1021/jf803579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate possible harmful effects of high doses of t-pterostilbene (t-PTER) and quercetin (QUER) in Swiss mice. Mice were fed during 28 days at doses of 0, 30, 300, and 3000 mg/kg body weight/day of t-PTER, QUER, or a mixture of both, t-PTER + QUER, which are equivalent to 5, 50, and 500 times, respectively, the estimated mean human intake of these polyphenols (25 mg/day). Daily oral administration of QUER, t-PTER, or a mixture of both of them did not cause mortality during the experimental period. There were no differences in food and water consumption on sex. No significant body weight gain in the male or female groups was observed. Red blood cell number and the hematocrit increased after polyphenols administration compared to control groups. Biochemical parameters were not affected. Histopathological examination revealed no alterations in clinical signs or organ weight at any dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Maran E, Fernández M, Barbieri P, Font G, Ruiz MJ. Effects of four carbamate compounds on antioxidant parameters. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2009; 72:922-930. [PMID: 18328561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2006] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effect of four carbamates, aldicarb and its metabolites (aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide) and propoxur on glutathione content and the activity of the enzymes involved in the sulfur-redox cycle in the mammalian cellular model CHO-K1 cells after 24-h exposure were determined. Carbamate exposure resulted in a depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) content, no change was observed in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio was detected. After carbamates exposition a GSH/GSSG decreases in ranged from 12.44% to 21.35% of control was observed. Depletion of GSH levels was accompanied by the induction of glutathione reductase (GR) after 24h exposure with each of the four carbamates to CHO-K1 cells. After aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, and propoxur exposure, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity increased in CHO-K1 cells by 198%, 32%, and 228% of control, respectively. After aldicarb sulfone and propoxur exposure, glutathione transferase (GST) activities increased by 49% and 230% of control, respectively. Due to the role played by GSH in preventing cytotoxicity via free-radical scavenging, results obtained suggest that high concentrations of aldicarb sulfone and propoxur closely resembling oxidative stress in CHO-K1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maran
- Sezione di Chimica Analitica e Ambientale, Dip. Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di Trieste, Italy
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Fandos R, Gallego B, López-Solera MI, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ, Terreros P, van Mourik T. Can Related Pyridine−Alkoxide Titanium Complexes Adopt Different Geometries? A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om8010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Beatriz Gallego
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - María Isabel López-Solera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Antonio Otero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - María José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Pilar Terreros
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Tanja van Mourik
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avda. Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
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Fandos R, Fernández-Gallardo J, López-Solera MI, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ, Terreros P. Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of Tantalum Complexes Containing Tridentate Bis(phenolato) [OSO]-Type Ligands. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Jacob Fernández-Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - María Isabel López-Solera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Antonio Otero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - María José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
| | - Pilar Terreros
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Avenida Carlos III, s/n 45071 Toledo, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Químicas, Campus de Ciudad Real, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, ETS Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela, 3, 13071 Ciudad
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Fandos R, Gallego B, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ, Terreros P, Pastor C. Cationic Titanium Complexes Containing Alkoxide and Carboxylate Pincer Ligands; Noninnocent Role of the Anionic Moieties in Their Reactivity. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om070119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fandos R, Gallego B, Otero A, Rodríguez A, Ruiz MJ, Terreros P. Synthesis and characterization of complexes containing Ti–O–Si moieties. Catalytic activity in olefin epoxidation. Dalton Trans 2007:871-7. [PMID: 17297515 DOI: 10.1039/b616064f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [Cp*TiMe3] with O(SiPh2OH)2 yields the titanium siloxide derivative [Cp*TiMe{(OSiPh2)2O}]. Complex reacts with H2O to yield the corresponding oxo-titanium derivative [(Cp*Ti{(OSiPh2)2O})2(micro-O)]. The molecular structure of complex has been established by X-ray diffraction. Complex reacts with triphenylsilanol to give the asymmetric titanium siloxide [Cp*Ti(OSiPh3){(OSiPh2)2O}]. Treatment of the dinuclear titanium compound [(Cp*TiCl2)2(micro-O)] with an equimolar amount of O(SiPh2OH)2 yields complex [(Cp*TiCl)2{micro-(OSiPh2)2O}(micro-O)] in which the disiloxide moiety is bridging two titanium atoms. The structure of has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Reaction of [Cp*TiMe3] with HOSiPh3 yields the titanium triphenylsiloxide [Cp*TiMe2(OSiPh3)]. Complex reacts with water to yield [{Cp*TiMe(OSiPh3)}2(micro-O)]. The triflate compound [Cp*Ti(OSiPh3)2(OTf)] can be prepared by reaction of with HOTf and triphenylsilanol. We have tested the catalytic activity of some of the complexes in the epoxidation of cyclohexene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fandos
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Campus de Toledo, Avda. Carlos III, s/n, 45073, Toledo, Spain
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Berrada H, Fernández M, Ruiz MJ, Moltó JC, Mañes J. Exposure assessment of fruits contaminated with pesticide residues from Valencia, 2001- 03. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:674-82. [PMID: 16751144 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600599132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A total of 634 samples of oranges, tangerines, peaches, nectarines, khakis and watermelons were collected from an Agricultural Valencia Community Cooperative during the May 2001 to April 2003 campaigns and they were analysed for 15 pesticides among those recommended for pest treatment. A conventional multiresidue analytical procedure based on ethyl acetate extraction was used followed by gas chromatography coupled to a nitrogen phosphorus detector for routine analysis; and mass spectrometry was performed for confirmation. Recovery studies with spiked samples at 0.5 mg kg-1 for each pesticide ranged from 52% for acephate to 87% for fenthion with a standard deviation <20%. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 to 100 microg kg-1. A total of 43% of samples contained pesticide residues; and 5% exceeded the maximum residue levels (MRLs). Nine of the pesticides studied were found. Malathion, which was the most frequently detected, was found in 121 samples (19%) at 0.002-4.25 mg kg-1; followed by fenthion in 104 samples (16%) at 0.005-2.3 mg kg-1; and methidation in 68 samples (10%) at 0.008-1.3 mg kg-1. Khaki showed the highest contamination rates with 60% of contaminated samples that exceeded more often the MRLs; and fenthion was the pesticide more frequently detected in all the commodities studied at levels above the European MRLs. The estimated daily intakes of each pesticide calculated from the results obtained were much lower than the acceptable daily intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Berrada
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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