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Gurri S, Siegenthaler B, Cangkrama M, Restivo G, Huber M, Saliba J, Dummer R, Blank V, Hohl D, Werner S. NRF3 suppresses squamous carcinogenesis, involving the unfolded protein response regulator HSPA5. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17761. [PMID: 37807968 PMCID: PMC10630885 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial skin cancers are extremely common, but the mechanisms underlying their malignant progression are still poorly defined. Here, we identify the NRF3 transcription factor as a tumor suppressor in the skin. NRF3 protein expression is strongly downregulated or even absent in invasively growing cancer cells of patients with basal and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC and SCC). NRF3 deficiency promoted malignant conversion of chemically induced skin tumors in immunocompetent mice, clonogenic growth and migration of human SCC cells, their invasiveness in 3D cultures, and xenograft tumor formation. Mechanistically, the tumor-suppressive effect of NRF3 involves HSPA5, a key regulator of the unfolded protein response, which we identified as a potential NRF3 interactor. HSPA5 levels increased in the absence of NRF3, thereby promoting cancer cell survival and migration. Pharmacological inhibition or knock-down of HSPA5 rescued the malignant features of NRF3-deficient SCC cells in vitro and in preclinical mouse models. Together with the strong expression of HSPA5 in NRF3-deficient cancer cells of SCC patients, these results suggest HSPA5 inhibition as a treatment strategy for these malignancies in stratified cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Gurri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Siegenthaler
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Cangkrama
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Huber
- Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James Saliba
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alameddine JM, Alves AA, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Athanasiadou S, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal V A, Barwick SW, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Tjus JB, Beise J, Bellenghi C, Benda S, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Book JY, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brinson B, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Connolly A, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, López DD, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goehlke N, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Minh MH, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoshina K, Hou W, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Kochocki A, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Krupczak E, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Gualda CL, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Mariscal CJL, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, McHale S, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Merckx Y, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morik K, Morse R, Moulai M, Mukherjee T, Naab R, Nagai R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyen LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Nygren D, Pollmann AO, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O'Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, de Los Heros CP, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieper S, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Rodriguez MP, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rechav Z, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Cantu DR, Safa I, Saffer J, Salazar-Gallegos D, Sampathkumar P, Herrera SES, Sandrock A, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Shimizu N, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Sogaard A, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Stezelberger T, Stokstad B, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Thwaites J, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Elorrieta MAU, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Veitch-Michaelis J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Wang W, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Willey N, Williams DR, Wolf M, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yildizci E, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P. Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane. Science 2023; 380:1338-1343. [PMID: 37384687 DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, is unknown. Because of deflection by interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays produced within the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, cosmic rays interact with matter near their sources and during propagation, which produces high-energy neutrinos. We searched for neutrino emission using machine learning techniques applied to 10 years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By comparing diffuse emission models to a background-only hypothesis, we identified neutrino emission from the Galactic plane at the 4.5σ level of significance. The signal is consistent with diffuse emission of neutrinos from the Milky Way but could also arise from a population of unresolved point sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - M Ackermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Alameddine
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A A Alves
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Y Ashida
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Athanasiadou
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal V
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Beise
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Benda
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - E Bernardini
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
- Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Boddenberg
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Y Book
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J Borowka
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Bradascio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - B Brinson
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - R T Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M A Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E G Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Connolly
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - C Dappen
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - D Delgado López
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Erpenbeck
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - N Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Fürst
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - S Garrappa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - C Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Goehlke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - C Günther
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Gutjahr
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Haack
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A A Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E C Hettinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - C Hill
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - W Hou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K Hymon
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- The Center for Theoretical Studies of Physical Systems, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - X Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Kardum
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Karg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Kellermann
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - K Kin
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Kochocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - T Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Krupczak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E Kun
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - N Lad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | | | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - M Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Martinez-Soler
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - S McHale
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, GA 31207-0001, USA
| | - J V Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Mechbal
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Y Merckx
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - K Morik
- Computer Science Faculty, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - T Mukherjee
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Naab
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nahnhauer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Necker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - L V Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - D Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - L Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Peters
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Philippen
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Y Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - B Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Rack-Helleis
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Z Rechav
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - P Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Reusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - E J Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - G Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Rongen
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk Cantu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Salazar-Gallegos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - P Sampathkumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - K Satalecka
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Schaufel
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Schwefer
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - B Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Sogaard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - C Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022, USA
| | - C Spiering
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - B Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T Stürwald
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - J Thwaites
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - F Tischbein
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Trettin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J P Twagirayezu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst Elementary Particles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J van Santen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Veitch-Michaelis
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Wang
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - P Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C H Wiebusch
- Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Willey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - E Yildizci
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Zhelnin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Weber J, Henssler L, Zeman F, Pfeifer C, Alt V, Nerlich M, Huber M, Herbst T, Koller M, Schneider-Brachert W, Kerschbaum M, Holzmann T. Nanosilver/DCOIT-containing surface coating effectively and constantly reduces microbial load in emergency room surfaces. J Hosp Infect 2023; 135:90-97. [PMID: 36958698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonization of near-patient surfaces in hospitals plays an important role as a source of healthcare-associated infections. Routine disinfection methods only result in short-term elimination of pathogens. AIM To investigate the efficiency of a newly developed antimicrobial coating containing nanosilver in long-term reduction of bacterial burden in hospital surfaces to close the gap between routine disinfection cycles. METHODS In this prospective, double-blinded trial, frequently touched surfaces of a routinely used treatment room in an emergency unit of a level-I hospital were treated with a surface coating (nanosilver/DCOIT-coated surface, NCS) containing nanosilver particles and another organic biocidal agent (4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, DCOIT), whereas surfaces of another room were treated with a coating missing both the nanosilver- and DCOIT-containing ingredient and served as control. Bacterial contamination of the surfaces was examined using contact plates and liquid-based swabs daily for a total trial duration of 90 days. After incubation, total microbial counts and species were assessed. FINDINGS In a total of 2880 antimicrobial samples, a significant reduction of the overall bacterial load was observed in the NCS room (median: 0.31 cfu/cm2; interquartile range: 0.00-1.13) compared with the control coated surfaces (0.69 cfu/cm2; 0.06-2.00; P < 0.001). The nanosilver- and DCOIT-containing surface coating reduced the relative risk of a critical bacterial load (defined as >5 cfu/cm2) by 60% (odds ratio 0.38, P < 0.001). No significant difference in species distribution was detected between NCS and control group. CONCLUSION Nanosilver-/DCOIT-containing surface coating has shown efficiency for sustainable reduction of bacterial load of frequently touched surfaces in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Weber
- Department for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Henssler
- Department for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - F Zeman
- Center of Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Pfeifer
- Department for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, Innklinikum Altötting-Mühldorf, Altötting, Germany
| | - V Alt
- Department for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Nerlich
- Department for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Huber
- Department for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Herbst
- Department for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Koller
- Center of Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Schneider-Brachert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Kerschbaum
- Department for Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Holzmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Labarile M, Loosli T, Zeeb M, Kusejko K, Huber M, Hirsch HH, Perreau M, Ramette A, Yerly S, Cavassini M, Battegay M, Rauch A, Calmy A, Notter J, Bernasconi E, Fux C, Günthard HF, Pasin C, Kouyos RD, Aebi-Popp K, Anagnostopoulos A, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Günthard HF, Hachfeld A, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Huber M, Kahlert CR, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos RD, Kovari H, Kusejko K, Martinetti G, Martinez de Tejada B, Marzolini C, Metzner KJ, Müller N, Nemeth J, Nicca D, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, Rauch A, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Wandeler G, Yerly S. Quantifying and Predicting Ongoing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission Dynamics in Switzerland Using a Distance-Based Clustering Approach. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:554-564. [PMID: 36433831 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective prevention approaches, ongoing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) transmission remains a public health concern indicating a need for identifying its drivers. METHODS We combined a network-based clustering method using evolutionary distances between viral sequences with statistical learning approaches to investigate the dynamics of HIV transmission in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and to predict the drivers of ongoing transmission. RESULTS We found that only a minority of clusters and patients acquired links to new infections between 2007 and 2020. While the growth of clusters and the probability of individual patients acquiring new links in the transmission network was associated with epidemiological, behavioral, and virological predictors, the strength of these associations decreased substantially when adjusting for network characteristics. Thus, these network characteristics can capture major heterogeneities beyond classical epidemiological parameters. When modeling the probability of a newly diagnosed patient being linked with future infections, we found that the best predictive performance (median area under the curve receiver operating characteristic AUCROC = 0.77) was achieved by models including characteristics of the network as predictors and that models excluding them performed substantially worse (median AUCROC = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the utility of molecular epidemiology-based network approaches for analyzing and predicting ongoing HIV transmission dynamics. This approach may serve for real-time prospective assessment of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Labarile
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Loosli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marius Zeeb
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Kusejko
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans H Hirsch
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alban Ramette
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Yerly
- Laboratory of Virology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Battegay
- Transplantation and Clinical Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- Laboratory of Virology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia Notter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Fux
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chloé Pasin
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hamusonde K, Nicca D, Günthard HF, Stöckle M, Darling KEA, Calmy A, Bernasconi E, Haerry D, Schmid P, Kouyos RD, Rauch A, Salazar-Vizcaya L, Aebi-Popp K, Anagnostopoulos A, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Günthard HF, Hachfeld A, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Huber M, Jackson-Perry D, Kahlert CR, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos RD, Kovari H, Kusejko K, Labhardt N, Leuzinger K, Martinez de Tejada B, Marzolini C, Metzner KJ, Müller N, Nemeth J, Nicca D, Notter J, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, Rauch A, Salazar-Vizcaya L, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Wandeler G, Weisser M, Yerly S. Triggers of Change in Sexual Behavior Among People With HIV: The Swiss U U Statement and COVID-19 Compared. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:407-411. [PMID: 36408629 PMCID: PMC9891402 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed changes in sexual behavior among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) over 20 years. Condom use with stable partners steadily declined from over 90 to 29 since the Swiss U U statement, with similar trajectories between men who have sex with men (MSM) and heterosexuals. Occasional partnership remained higher among MSM compared to heterosexuals even during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) social distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalongo Hamusonde
- Correspondence: K. Hamusonde, Msc, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Universitätsklinik für Infektiologie, Personalhaus 6, Bern 3010, Switzerland ()
| | - Dunja Nicca
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Stöckle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharine E A Darling
- Service of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Schmid
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bosetti D, Mugglin C, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Stöckle M, Braun D, Notter J, Haerry D, Hampel B, Kovari H, Bernasconi E, Wandeler G, Rauch A, Aebi-Popp K, Anagnostopoulos A, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Günthard HF, Hachfeld A, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Huber M, Kahlert CR, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos RD, Kovari H, Kusejko K, Martinetti G, Martinez de Tejada B, Marzolini C, Metzner KJ, Müller N, Nemeth J, Nicca D, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, Rauch A, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Wandeler G, Yerly S. Risk Factors and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac592. [PMID: 36504700 PMCID: PMC9728517 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), but there are limited data about risk factors and incidence of STIs in large, representative cohort studies. Methods We assessed incidence and risk factors of STIs reported by treating physicians within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). Sexually transmitted infections and demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics were prospectively collected at 6-month follow-up visits between October 2017 and November 2019. We used multilevel Poisson regression to assess incidence rate ratios of different STIs. Results Among 10 140 study participants, a total of 1634 STIs in 1029 SHCS participants were reported over 17 766 person-years of follow up (PYFUP). The overall incidence of any reported STI was 91.9 per 1000 PYFU (95% confidence interval [CI], 85.8 -98.5). Among the 1634 STI episodes, there were 573 (35.1%) incident cases of syphilis, 497 gonorrhea (30.4%), and 418 chlamydia (25.6%). Men who have sex with men (MSM) younger than 50 years represented 21% of the study population, but accounted for 61% of reported STIs. Male sex (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 2.03; 95% CI, 1.36-3.02), MSM (aIRR, 3.62; 95% CI, 2.88-4.55), age group 18-34 years (aIRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.51-2.10), history of sexual relationships with occasional partners (aIRR, 6.87; 95% CI, 5.40-8.73), and reporting injecting drug use (aIRR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.91-3.23) were associated with a higher risk of incident STIs. Conclusions Sexually transmitted infections were frequent among PWH and varied considerably between age and risk groups. Screening programs and recommendations for STI testing need to be adapted according to risk factors and demographic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catrina Mugglin
- Correspondence: Catrina Mugglin, MSc, MD, PhD, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland ()
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- HIV/AIDS Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Stöckle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Braun
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Notter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Hampel
- Department of Public and Global Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Checkpoint Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Kovari
- Zentrum für Infektionskrankheiten, Klinik im Park, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, University of Geneva, and University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Wandeler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alameddine JM, Alispach C, Alves AA, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal V. A, Barbano A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, Bellenghi C, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brinson B, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Browne S, Burgman A, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Delgado López D, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Dvorak E, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Hebecker D, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, Mase K, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Naab R, Nagai R, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyen LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Nygren D, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O’Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de los Heros C, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieper S, Pittermann M, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Price PB, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Saffer J, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad R, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wolf M, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P. Evidence for neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Science 2022; 378:538-543. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abg3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy’s active core. We searched for neutrino emission from astrophysical objects using data recorded with the IceCube neutrino detector between 2011 and 2020. The positions of 110 known gamma-ray sources were individually searched for neutrino detections above atmospheric and cosmic backgrounds. We found that NGC 1068 has an excess of
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neutrinos at tera–electron volt energies, with a global significance of 4.2σ, which we interpret as associated with the active galaxy. The flux of high-energy neutrinos that we measured from NGC 1068 is more than an order of magnitude higher than the upper limit on emissions of tera–electron volt gamma rays from this source.
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alameddine JM, Alves AA, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal V A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, Beise J, Bellenghi C, Benda S, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Book JY, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brinson B, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Delgado López D, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goehlke N, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Hebecker D, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoshina K, Hou W, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Kochocki A, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Krupczak E, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, McCarthy S, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Mukherjee T, Naab R, Nagai R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyễn LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O'Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de Los Heros C, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieper S, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rechav Z, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Saffer J, Sampathkumar P, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Shimizu N, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Stezelberger T, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Thwaites J, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Veitch-Michaelis J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Wang W, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Willey N, Williams DR, Wolf M, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yildizci E, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P. Search for Unstable Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:151801. [PMID: 36269964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for an unstable sterile neutrino by looking for a resonant signal in eight years of atmospheric ν_{μ} data collected from 2011 to 2019 at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Both the (stable) three-neutrino and the 3+1 sterile neutrino models are disfavored relative to the unstable sterile neutrino model, though with p values of 2.8% and 0.81%, respectively, we do not observe evidence for 3+1 neutrinos with neutrino decay. The best-fit parameters for the sterile neutrino with decay model from this study are Δm_{41}^{2}=6.7_{-2.5}^{+3.9} eV^{2}, sin^{2}2θ_{24}=0.33_{-0.17}^{+0.20}, and g^{2}=2.5π±1.5π, where g is the decay-mediating coupling. The preferred regions of the 3+1+decay model from short-baseline oscillation searches are excluded at 90% C.L.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Alameddine
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A A Alves
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Ashida
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal V
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - J Beise
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Benda
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Boddenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Y Book
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Borowka
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Brinson
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - R T Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M A Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E G Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Dappen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Delgado López
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology - CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Erpenbeck
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - N Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Fürst
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - N Goehlke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Günther
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Gutjahr
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Haack
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A A Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E C Hettinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - C Hill
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Hou
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hymon
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - X Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Kardum
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kellermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Kin
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Kochocki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - T Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Krupczak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Kun
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - N Lad
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | | | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Martinez-Soler
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S McCarthy
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - J V Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - T Mukherjee
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Naab
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - L V Nguyễn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Peters
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Y Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Rack-Helleis
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Z Rechav
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E J Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Rongen
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk Cantu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Sampathkumar
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
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- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Schwefer
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - C Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Stürwald
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Thwaites
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - F Tischbein
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J P Twagirayezu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - J Veitch-Michaelis
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Wang
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Willey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Yildizci
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Zhelnin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Huber M, Pasquinelli M, Gastala N, Fleurimont J, Jarrett J, Hamlish T, Sung C, Guzman A, Maes P, Andersen K, Manst D, Feldman L. EP10.01-014 A Multidisciplinary Team to Manage Patients with Lung Cancer and Opioid Use Disorder. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zigman M, Huber M, Kepesidis K, Voronina L, Fleischmann F, Fill E, Hermann J, Koch I, Kolben T, Schulz G, Jokisch F, Reinmuth N, Gesierich W, Behr J, Harbeck N, Reiser M, Stief C, Krausz F. 90P Infrared molecular fingerprinting: A new in vitro diagnostic platform technology for cancer detection in blood-based liquid biopsies. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Parkes B, Buzan JR, Huber M. Heat stress in Africa under high intensity climate change. Int J Biometeorol 2022; 66:1531-1545. [PMID: 35713697 PMCID: PMC9300535 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather events are major causes of loss of life and damage infrastructure worldwide. High temperatures cause heat stress on humans, livestock, crops and infrastructure. Heat stress exposure is projected to increase with ongoing climate change. Extremes of temperature are common in Africa and infrastructure is often incapable of providing adequate cooling. We show how easily accessible cooling technology, such as evaporative coolers, prevent heat stress in historic timescales but are unsuitable as a solution under climate change. As temperatures increase, powered cooling, such as air conditioning, is necessary to prevent overheating. This will, in turn, increase demand on already stretched infrastructure. We use high temporal resolution climate model data to estimate the demand for cooling according to two metrics, firstly the apparent temperature and secondly the discomfort index. For each grid cell we calculate the heat stress value and the amount of cooling required to turn a heat stress event into a non heat stress event. We show the increase in demand for cooling in Africa is non uniform and that equatorial countries are exposed to higher heat stress than higher latitude countries. We further show that evaporative coolers are less effective in tropical regions than in the extra tropics. Finally, we show that neither low nor high efficiency coolers are sufficient to return Africa to current levels of heat stress under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Parkes
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Centre for Crisis Studies and Mitigation, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - J R Buzan
- Climate and Environmental Physics (CEP), University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 4, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Huber
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alameddine JM, Alispach C, Alves AA, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal A, Barbano A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, Bellenghi C, Benda S, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brinson B, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Browne S, Burgman A, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Delgado López D, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Dvorak E, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Günther C, Gutjahr P, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Hebecker D, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, Hymon K, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jin M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Kardum L, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Martinez-Soler I, Maruyama R, McCarthy S, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Naab R, Nagai R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyễn LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O'Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de Los Heros C, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieper S, Pittermann M, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Price PB, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rack-Helleis J, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rechav Z, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Saffer J, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Shimizu N, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Stezelberger T, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Ter-Antonyan S, Thwaites J, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Veitch-Michaelis J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Wang W, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wolf M, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yildizci E, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zhelnin P. Strong Constraints on Neutrino Nonstandard Interactions from TeV-Scale ν_{μ} Disappearance at IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:011804. [PMID: 35841552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.011804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a search for nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) using eight years of TeV-scale atmospheric muon neutrino data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By reconstructing incident energies and zenith angles for atmospheric neutrino events, this analysis presents unified confidence intervals for the NSI parameter ε_{μτ}. The best-fit value is consistent with no NSI at a p value of 25.2%. With a 90% confidence interval of -0.0041≤ε_{μτ}≤0.0031 along the real axis and similar strength in the complex plane, this result is the strongest constraint on any NSI parameter from any oscillation channel to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J M Alameddine
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Alispach
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A A Alves
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Ashida
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Barbano
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Benda
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Boddenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Borowka
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Brinson
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - S Browne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R T Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M A Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E G Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Dappen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Delgado López
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Centre for Cosmology, Particle Physics and Phenomenology-CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Dvorak
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Erpenbeck
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - N Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Fürst
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Günther
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Gutjahr
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Haack
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A A Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E C Hettinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - C Hill
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hymon
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Jin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - X Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - L Kardum
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kellermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Kin
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - T Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Kun
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - N Lad
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
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- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Martinez-Soler
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - S McCarthy
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - J V Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Naab
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - L V Nguyễn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Peters
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pittermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Y Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Rack-Helleis
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Z Rechav
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E J Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Rongen
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk Cantu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | | | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Schwefer
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - C Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Stürwald
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Thwaites
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - F Tischbein
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J P Twagirayezu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - J Veitch-Michaelis
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W Wang
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Yildizci
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and The International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - P Zhelnin
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Spohn SKB, Adebahr S, Huber M, Jenkner C, Wiehle R, Nagavci B, Schmucker C, Carl EG, Chen RC, Weber WA, Mix M, Rühle A, Sprave T, Nicolay NH, Gratzke C, Benndorf M, Wiegel T, Weis J, Baltas D, Grosu AL, Zamboglou C. Feasibility, pitfalls and results of a structured concept-development phase for a randomized controlled phase III trial on radiotherapy in primary prostate cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:337. [PMID: 35351058 PMCID: PMC8960686 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Failure rate in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is > 50%, includes safety-problems, underpowered statistics, lack of efficacy, lack of funding or insufficient patient recruitment and is even more pronounced in oncology trials. We present results of a structured concept-development phase (CDP) for a phase III RCT on personalized radiotherapy (RT) in primary prostate cancer (PCa) patients implementing prostate specific membrane antigen targeting positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET). Materials and methods The 1 yr process of the CDP contained five main working packages: (i) literature search and scoping review, (ii) involvement of individual patients, patients’ representatives and patients’ self-help groups addressing the patients’ willingness to participate in the preparation process and the conduct of RCTs as well as the patient informed consent (PIC), (iii) involvement of national and international experts and expert panels (iv) a phase II pilot study investigating the safety of implementation of PSMA-PET for focal dose escalation RT and (v) in-silico RT planning studies assessing feasibility of envisaged dose regimens and effects of urethral sparing in focal dose escalation. Results (i) Systematic literature searches confirmed the high clinical relevance for more evidence on advanced RT approaches, in particular stereotactic body RT, in high-risk PCa patients. (ii) Involvement of patients, patient representatives and randomly selected males relevantly changed the PIC and initiated a patient empowerment project for training of bladder preparation. (iii) Discussion with national and international experts led to adaptions of inclusion and exclusion criteria. (iv) Fifty patients were treated in the pilot trial and in- and exclusion criteria as well as enrollment calculations were adapted accordingly. Parallel conduction of the pilot trial revealed pitfalls on practicability and broadened the horizon for translational projects. (v) In-silico planning studies confirmed feasibility of envisaged dose prescription. Despite large prostate- and boost-volumes of up to 66% of the prostate, adherence to stringent anorectal dose constraints was feasible. Urethral sparing increased the therapeutic ratio. Conclusion The dynamic framework of interdisciplinary working programs in CDPs enhances robustness of RCT protocols and may be associated with decreased failure rates. Structured recommendations are warranted to further define the process of such CDPs in radiation oncology trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09434-2.
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Fuchs A, Frick S, Huber M, Riva T, Theiler L, Kleine-Brueggeney M, Pedersen TH, Berger-Estilita J, Greif R. Five-year audit of adherence to an anaesthesia pre-induction checklist. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:751-762. [PMID: 35302235 PMCID: PMC9314793 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although patient safety related to airway management has improved substantially over the last few decades, life‐threatening events still occur. Technical skills, clinical expertise and human factors contribute to successful airway management. Checklists aim to improve safety by providing a structured approach to equipment, personnel and decision‐making. This audit investigates adherence to our institution's airway checklist from 1 June 2016 to 31 May 2021. Inclusion criteria were procedures requiring airway management and we excluded all procedures performed solely under regional anaesthesia, sedation without airway management or paediatric and cardiovascular surgery. The primary outcome was the proportion of wholly performed pre‐induction checklists. Secondary outcomes were the pattern of adherence over the 5 years well as details of airway management, including: airway management difficulties; time and location of induction; anaesthesia teams in operating theatres (including teams for different surgical specialities); non‐operating theatre and emergency procedures; type of anaesthesia (general or combined); and urgency of the procedure. In total, 95,946 procedures were included. In 57.3%, anaesthesia pre‐induction checklists were completed. Over the 5 years after implementation, adherence improved from 48.3% to 66.7% (p < 0.001). Anticipated and unanticipated airway management difficulties (e.g. facemask ventilation, supraglottic airway device or intubation) defined by the handling anaesthetist were encountered in 4.2% of all procedures. Completion of the checklist differed depending on the time of day (61.3% during the day vs. 35.0% during the night, p < 0.001). Completion also differed depending on location (66.8% in operating theatres vs. 41.0% for non‐operating theatre anaesthesia, p < 0.001) and urgency of procedure (65.4% in non‐emergencies vs. 35.4% in emergencies, p < 0.001). A mixed‐effect model indicated that urgency of procedure is a strong predictor for adherence, with emergency cases having lower adherence (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.49–0.68, p < 0.001). In conclusion, over 5 years, a significant increase in adherence to an anaesthesia pre‐induction checklist was found, and areas for further improvement (e.g. emergencies, non‐operating room procedures, night‐time procedures) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fuchs
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Frick
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Huber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Riva
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Unit for Research and Innovation in Anaesthesia, Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Theiler
- Department of Anaesthesia, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - M Kleine-Brueggeney
- Department of Anaesthesia, University Children's Hospital Zurich - Eleonore Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T H Pedersen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nordsjaellands Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - J Berger-Estilita
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Greif
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alispach C, Alves AA, Amin NM, An R, Andeen K, Anderson T, Anton G, Argüelles C, Ashida Y, Axani S, Bai X, Balagopal V A, Barbano A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Basu V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, Bellenghi C, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Boddenberg M, Bontempo F, Borowka J, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bradascio F, Braun J, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Browne S, Burgman A, Burley RT, Busse RS, Campana MA, Carnie-Bronca EG, Chen C, Chen Z, Chirkin D, Choi K, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dappen C, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Dharani S, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dittmer M, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Dvorak E, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Erpenbeck H, Evans J, Evenson PA, Fan KL, Fazely AR, Feigl N, Fiedlschuster S, Fienberg AT, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fischer L, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Fürst P, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garcia A, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghadimi A, Glaser C, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Gonzalez JG, Goswami S, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griswold S, Gündüz M, Günther C, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Ha Minh M, Hanson K, Hardin J, Harnisch AA, Haungs A, Hauser S, Hebecker D, Helbing K, Henningsen F, Hettinger EC, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill C, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jones BJP, Kang D, Kang W, Kang X, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kin K, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Kontrimas T, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kovacevich M, Kowalski M, Kozynets T, Kun E, Kurahashi N, Lad N, Lagunas Gualda C, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Lee JW, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Lincetto M, Liu QR, Liubarska M, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Maruyama R, Mase K, McElroy T, McNally F, Mead JV, Meagher K, Mechbal S, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Micallef J, Mockler D, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Naab R, Nagai R, Naumann U, Necker J, Nguyễn LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Oeyen B, Olivas A, O'Sullivan E, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Paul L, Pérez de Los Heros C, Peters L, Peterson J, Philippen S, Pieloth D, Pieper S, Pittermann M, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Price PB, Pries B, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rehman A, Reichherzer P, Reimann R, Renzi G, Resconi E, Reusch S, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Roberts EJ, Robertson S, Roellinghoff G, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Saffer J, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Scharf M, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schindler S, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Schwefer G, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Sharma A, Shefali S, Silva M, Skrzypek B, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Spannfellner C, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Tilav S, Tischbein F, Tollefson K, Tomankova L, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Twagirayezu JP, Ty B, Unland Elorrieta MA, Valtonen-Mattila N, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Verpoest S, Walck C, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weigel P, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Weyrauch M, Whitehorn N, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wolf M, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Yanez JP, Yoshida S, Yu S, Yuan T, Zhang Z. Search for Relativistic Magnetic Monopoles with Eight Years of IceCube Data. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:051101. [PMID: 35179913 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an all-sky 90% confidence level upper limit on the cosmic flux of relativistic magnetic monopoles using 2886 days of IceCube data. The analysis was optimized for monopole speeds between 0.750c and 0.995c, without any explicit restriction on the monopole mass. We constrain the flux of relativistic cosmic magnetic monopoles to a level below 2.0×10^{-19} cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} over the majority of the targeted speed range. This result constitutes the most strict upper limit to date for magnetic monopoles with β≳0.8 and up to β∼0.995 and fills the gap between existing limits on the cosmic flux of nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic magnetic monopoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Alispach
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A A Alves
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R An
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Y Ashida
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal V
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Barbano
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Baur
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Bellenghi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Boddenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Bontempo
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Borowka
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - S Browne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R T Burley
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M A Campana
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E G Carnie-Bronca
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - C Dappen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Dharani
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Dittmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Dvorak
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H Erpenbeck
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Evans
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K L Fan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - N Feigl
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Fiedlschuster
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Franckowiak
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Fürst
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Garcia
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | | | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Ghadimi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Glaser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Gündüz
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Günther
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Haack
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ha Minh
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A A Harnisch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Hauser
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E C Hettinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - C Hill
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Hoinka
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Hokanson-Fasig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - X Kang
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kellermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Kin
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Kontrimas
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kovacevich
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - T Kozynets
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Kun
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - N Lad
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | | | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Lincetto
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Liubarska
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - J V Mead
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Naab
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - L V Nguyễn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Oeyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Paul
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Peters
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Pittermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - Y Popovych
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B Pries
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Reichherzer
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E J Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Roellinghoff
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - M Rongen
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk Cantu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Saffer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - M Scharf
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Schindler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Schwefer
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Shefali
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Skrzypek
- Department of Physics and Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - C Spannfellner
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Stürwald
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - F Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - F Tischbein
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Tomankova
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J P Twagirayezu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - N Valtonen-Mattila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - P Weigel
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Astroparticle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Weyrauch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Experimental Particle Physics, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
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Leuenberger M, Fischer L, Mylonas A, Huber M, Di Domizio J, Gilliet M, Conrad C, Hohl D. Papillon-Lefevre syndrome treated by acitretin: case report and cytokine profile. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e235-e238. [PMID: 34704316 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Leuenberger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Mylonas
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Huber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Di Domizio
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Gilliet
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Conrad
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Hohl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Lausanne, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Park HS, Papanastasi E, Blanchard G, Chiticariu E, Bachmann D, Plomann M, Morice-Picard F, Vabres P, Smahi A, Huber M, Pich C, Hohl D. ARP-T1-associated Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome is an inherited basal cell cancer with ciliary defects characteristic of ciliopathies. Commun Biol 2021; 4:544. [PMID: 33972689 PMCID: PMC8110579 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-Related Protein-Testis1 (ARP-T1)/ACTRT1 gene mutations cause the Bazex-Dupré-Christol Syndrome (BDCS) characterized by follicular atrophoderma, hypotrichosis, and basal cell cancer. Here, we report an ARP-T1 interactome (PXD016557) that includes proteins involved in ciliogenesis, endosomal recycling, and septin ring formation. In agreement, ARP-T1 localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis and the basal body of primary cilia in interphase. Tissue samples from ARP-T1-associated BDCS patients have reduced ciliary length. The severity of the shortened cilia significantly correlates with the ARP-T1 levels, which was further validated by ACTRT1 knockdown in culture cells. Thus, we propose that ARP-T1 participates in the regulation of cilia length and that ARP-T1-associated BDCS is a case of skin cancer with ciliopathy characteristics. Park et al. characterise the interactome, localisation and function of Actin-Related Protein-Testis1 protein (ARP-T1), encoded by the ACTRT1 gene, associated with inherited basal cell cancer. They find that ARP-T1 is localised to the primary cilia basal body in epidermal cells, interacts with the cilia machinery, and is needed for proper ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sook Park
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eirini Papanastasi
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Blanchard
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Chiticariu
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bachmann
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Plomann
- Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Pierre Vabres
- Department of Dermatology, CHU, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Asma Smahi
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,IMAGINE Institute INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Huber
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Pich
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Department of Dermatology, CHUV-FBM UNIL, Hôpital de Beaumont, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Aartsen MG, Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alispach C, Amin NM, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Balagopal A, Barbano A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Basu V, Baum V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Buscher J, Busse RS, Carver T, Chen C, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Choi S, Clark BA, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, De Ridder S, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Dharani S, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois MA, Dvorak E, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Fedynitch A, Felde J, Fienberg AT, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griffith Z, Griswold S, Günder M, Gündüz M, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hardin J, Haungs A, Hauser S, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Heix P, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Henningsen F, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jones BJP, Jonske F, Joppe R, Kang D, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Koundal P, Kowalski M, Krings K, Krückl G, Kulacz N, Kurahashi N, Kyriacou A, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Liu QR, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Lünemann J, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mallik P, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Merz J, Meures T, Micallef J, Mockler D, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Muth P, Nagai R, Naumann U, Neer G, Nguyen LV, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, O'Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Parker GK, Paudel EN, Peiffer P, Pérez de Los Heros C, Philippen S, Pieloth D, Pieper S, Pinat E, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rehman A, Reimann R, Relethford B, Renschler M, Renzi G, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Scharf M, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Shefali S, Silva M, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strotjohann NL, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Tollefson K, Tomankova L, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Ty B, Unger E, Unland Elorrieta MA, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Verpoest S, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zöcklein M. eV-Scale Sterile Neutrino Search Using Eight Years of Atmospheric Muon Neutrino Data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:141801. [PMID: 33064514 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.141801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The results of a 3+1 sterile neutrino search using eight years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory are presented. A total of 305 735 muon neutrino events are analyzed in reconstructed energy-zenith space to test for signatures of a matter-enhanced oscillation that would occur given a sterile neutrino state with a mass-squared differences between 0.01 and 100 eV^{2}. The best-fit point is found to be at sin^{2}(2θ_{24})=0.10 and Δm_{41}^{2}=4.5 eV^{2}, which is consistent with the no sterile neutrino hypothesis with a p value of 8.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - R Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, USA
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Alispach
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - N M Amin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Ansseau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Bagherpour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Barbano
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - V Basu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bourbeau
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Buscher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Carver
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B A Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - K Clark
- SNOLAB, 1039 Regional Road 24, Creighton Mine 9, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Desai
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Dharani
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M A DuVernois
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Dvorak
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70813, USA
| | - A Fedynitch
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, the University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A T Fienberg
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Z Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Günder
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gündüz
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Hardin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Hauser
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Heix
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Hoinka
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Hokanson-Fasig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - F Jonske
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Joppe
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kellermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Koundal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Kulacz
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kyriacou
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Y Li
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J Lünemann
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Mallik
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Merz
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Momenté
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Muth
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L V Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - G K Parker
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - E N Paudel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P Peiffer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - Y Popovych
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Prado Rodriguez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Rauch
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Relethford
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Renschler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Robertson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk Cantu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | | | - M Scharf
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - S Shefali
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B Smithers
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - T Stürwald
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - F Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70813, USA
| | | | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Tomankova
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Van Driessche
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D van Eijk
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Vannerom
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Room 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B J Whelan
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Wills
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Wulff
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Lousiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Zöcklein
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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Aartsen M, Abbasi R, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar J, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alispach C, Amin N, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Balagopal V. A, Barbano A, Barwick S, Bastian B, Basu V, Baum V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty J, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson D, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Buscher J, Busse R, Carver T, Chen C, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Choi S, Clark B, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin G, Conrad J, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen D, Cross R, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay J, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, De Ridder S, Desai A, Desiati P, de Vries K, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Dharani S, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez J, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, DuVernois M, Dvorak E, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Evenson P, Fahey S, Fazely A, Fedynitch A, Felde J, Fienberg A, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser T, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez J, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griffith Z, Griswold S, Günder M, Gündüz M, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hardin J, Haungs A, Hauser S, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Heix P, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Henningsen F, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill G, Hoffman K, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze G, Jeong M, Jones B, Jonske F, Joppe R, Kang D, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kellermann M, Kelley J, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein S, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen D, Koundal P, Kowalski M, Krings K, Krückl G, Kulacz N, Kurahashi N, Kyriacou A, Lanfranchi J, Larson M, Lauber F, Lazar J, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Li Y, Liu Q, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal C, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Ludwig A, Lünemann J, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma W, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn K, Makino Y, Mallik P, Mancina S, Mariş I, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Merz J, Meures T, Micallef J, Mockler D, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moore R, Morse R, Moulai M, Muth P, Nagai R, Naumann U, Neer G, Nguyen L, Niederhausen H, Nisa M, Nowicki S, Nygren D, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Olivas A, O’Murchadha A, O’Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova D, Park N, Parker G, Paudel E, Peiffer P, Pérez de los Heros C, Philippen S, Pieloth D, Pieper S, Pinat E, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Popovych Y, Porcelli A, Prado Rodriguez M, Price P, Przybylski G, Raab C, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea I, Rehman A, Reimann R, Relethford B, Renschler M, Renzi G, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk Cantu D, Safa I, Sanchez Herrera S, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Scharf M, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder F, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Shefali S, Silva M, Smithers B, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak G, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad R, Stößl A, Strotjohann N, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan G, Taboada I, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Tollefson K, Tomankova L, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung C, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley C, Ty B, Unger E, Unland Elorrieta M, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vannerom D, van Santen J, Verpoest S, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Watson T, Weaver C, Weindl A, Weiss M, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Whelan B, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch C, Williams D, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood T, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Wulff J, Xu X, Xu Y, Yanez J, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T, Zhang Z, Zöcklein M. Searching for eV-scale sterile neutrinos with eight years of atmospheric neutrinos at the IceCube Neutrino Telescope. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.052009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aartsen MG, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alispach C, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Backes P, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Balagopal V A, Barbano A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Baum V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Buscher J, Busse RS, Carver T, Chen C, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Choi S, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Grégoire T, Griffith Z, Griswold S, Günder M, Gündüz M, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Hanson K, Haungs A, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Heix P, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Henningsen F, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jansson M, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Jonske F, Joppe R, Kang D, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Krückl G, Kulacz N, Kurahashi N, Kyriacou A, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Leonard K, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leszczyńska A, Leuermann M, Liu QR, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Lünemann J, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mallik P, Mallot K, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Merino G, Meures T, Micallef J, Mockler D, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Muth P, Nagai R, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, O'Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Peiffer P, Pérez de Los Heros C, Philippen S, Pieloth D, Pieper S, Pinat E, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Porcelli A, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Rehman A, Reimann R, Relethford B, Renschler M, Renzi G, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Safa I, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Shefali S, Silva M, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strotjohann NL, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Tollefson K, Tomankova L, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Ty B, Unger E, Unland Elorrieta MA, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, van Santen J, Verpoest S, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandkowsky N, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood J, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T, Zöcklein M. Characteristics of the Diffuse Astrophysical Electron and Tau Neutrino Flux with Six Years of IceCube High Energy Cascade Data. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:121104. [PMID: 33016752 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first measurement of the astrophysical neutrino flux using particle showers (cascades) in IceCube data from 2010-2015. Assuming standard oscillations, the astrophysical neutrinos in this dedicated cascade sample are dominated (∼90%) by electron and tau flavors. The flux, observed in the sensitive energy range from 16 TeV to 2.6 PeV, is consistent with a single power-law model as expected from Fermi-type acceleration of high energy particles at astrophysical sources. We find the flux spectral index to be γ=2.53±0.07 and a flux normalization for each neutrino flavor of ϕ_{astro}=1.66_{-0.27}^{+0.25} at E_{0}=100 TeV, in agreement with IceCube's complementary muon neutrino results and with all-neutrino flavor fit results. In the measured energy range we reject spectral indices γ≤2.28 at ≥3σ significance level. Because of high neutrino energy resolution and low atmospheric neutrino backgrounds, this analysis provides the most detailed characterization of the neutrino flux at energies below ∼100 TeV compared to previous IceCube results. Results from fits assuming more complex neutrino flux models suggest a flux softening at high energies and a flux hardening at low energies (p value ≥0.06). The sizable and smooth flux measured below ∼100 TeV remains a puzzle. In order to not violate the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background as measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope, it suggests the existence of astrophysical neutrino sources characterized by dense environments which are opaque to gamma rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Alispach
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Ansseau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Backes
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Bagherpour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal V
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Barbano
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bourbeau
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Buscher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Carver
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Clark
- SNOLAB, 1039 Regional Road 24, Creighton Mine 9, Lively, Ontario, Canada P3Y 1N2
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Dvorak
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T Grégoire
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Z Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Günder
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gündüz
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Heix
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Hoinka
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Hokanson-Fasig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Jansson
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - F Jonske
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Joppe
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Kulacz
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kyriacou
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - J Lünemann
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - P Mallik
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Mallot
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Momenté
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Muth
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Peiffer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Pieper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Rauch
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Rehman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Relethford
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Renschler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S Robertson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | | | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - S Shefali
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - T Stürwald
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - F Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Tomankova
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Van Driessche
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D van Eijk
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - S Verpoest
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Wandkowsky
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates Street, Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Wille
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Wills
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Wood
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Zöcklein
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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Huber M, Tochtermann J, Korth W, Jess A, Albert J. Efficient oxidative denitrogenation of fuels under extremely mild conditions using polyoxometalate catalysts. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202055032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Huber
- Universität Hamburg ITMC Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Deutschland
| | - J. Tochtermann
- Universität Bayreuth Lehrstuhl für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Universitätsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - W. Korth
- Universität Bayreuth Lehrstuhl für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Universitätsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - A. Jess
- Universität Bayreuth Lehrstuhl für Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Universitätsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - J. Albert
- Universität Hamburg ITMC Bundesstr. 45 20146 Hamburg Deutschland
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Hampel B, Kusejko K, Kouyos RD, Böni J, Flepp M, Stöckle M, Conen A, Béguelin C, Künzler‐Heule P, Nicca D, Schmidt AJ, Nguyen H, Delaloye J, Rougemont M, Bernasconi E, Rauch A, Günthard HF, Braun DL, Fehr J, Anagnostopoulos A, Battegay M, Bucher HC, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Huber M, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, Martinez de Tejada B, Marzolini C, Metzner KJ, Müller N, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, Rudin C, Scherrer AU, Schmid P, Speck R, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Wandeler G, Weber R, Yerly S. Chemsex drugs on the rise: a longitudinal analysis of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 2007 to 2017. HIV Med 2020; 21:228-239. [DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Hampel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Public Health Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - K Kusejko
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - RD Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - J Böni
- Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - M Flepp
- Center of Infectious Diseases Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - M Stöckle
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Basel University Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - A Conen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau Switzerland
| | - C Béguelin
- Department of Infectious Diseases Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - P Künzler‐Heule
- Institute of Nursing Science University of Basel, and University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - D Nicca
- Institute of Nursing Science University of Basel, and University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - AJ Schmidt
- Division of Infectious Diseases Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - H Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - J Delaloye
- Division of Infectious Diseases University Hospital Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - M Rougemont
- Division of Infectious Diseases University Hospital Geneva Geneva Switzerland
| | - E Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases Regional Hospital Lugano Lugano Switzerland
| | - A Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases Bern University Hospital University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - HF Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - DL Braun
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - J Fehr
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Public Health Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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23
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Surial B, Ledergerber B, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Günthard HF, Kovari H, Stöckle M, Bernasconi E, Schmid P, Fux CA, Furrer H, Rauch A, Wandeler G, Anagnostopoulos A, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Böni J, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Günthard HF, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Huber M, Kahlert CR, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos RD, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, de Tejada BM, Marzolini C, Metzner KJ, Müller N, Nicca D, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, Rauch A, Rudin C, Scherrer AU, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Wandeler G, Weber R, Yerly S. Changes in Renal Function After Switching From TDF to TAF in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:637-645. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundReplacing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) improves renal tubular markers in HIV-infected individuals but the impact on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) remains unclear.MethodsIn all participants from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study who switched from TDF to TAF-containing antiretroviral regimen or continued TDF, we estimated changes in eGFR and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) after 18 months using mixed-effect models.ResultsOf 3520 participants (26.6% women, median age 50 years), 2404 (68.5%) switched to TAF. Overall, 1664 (47.3%) had an eGFR <90 mL/min and 1087 (30.9%) an UPCR ≥15 mg/mmol. In patients with baseline eGFR ≥90 mL/min, eGFR decreased with the use of TDF and TAF (−1.7 mL/min). Switching to TAF was associated with increases in eGFR of 1.5 mL/min (95% confidence interval [CI], .5–2.5) if the baseline eGFR was 60–89 mL/min, and 4.1 mL/min (95% CI, 1.6–6.6) if <60 mL/min. In contrast, eGFR decreased by 5.8 mL/min (95% CI, 2.3–9.3) with continued use of TDF in individuals with baseline eGFR <60 mL/min. UPCR decreased after replacing TDF by TAF, independent of baseline eGFR.ConclusionsSwitching from TDF to TAF improves eGFR and proteinuria in patients with renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Surial
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Ledergerber
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Calmy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospital, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Kovari
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Stöckle
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Schmid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph A Fux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Hansjakob Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Wandeler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Aartsen MG, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Alispach C, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Backes P, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Balagopal A, Barbano A, Barwick SW, Bastian B, Baum V, Baur S, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Börner M, Böser S, Botner O, Böttcher J, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Buscher J, Busse RS, Carver T, Chen C, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Choi S, Clark K, Classen L, Coleman A, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dave P, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Diaz A, Díaz-Vélez JC, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Engel R, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Fox D, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Griffith Z, Griswold S, Günder M, Gündüz M, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halliday R, Halve L, Halzen F, Hanson K, Haungs A, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Heix P, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Henningsen F, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Huber T, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Jonske F, Joppe R, Kang D, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Krückl G, Kulacz N, Kurahashi N, Kyriacou A, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lazar JP, Leonard K, Leszczyńska A, Leuermann M, Liu QR, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lucarelli F, Lünemann J, Luszczak W, Lyu Y, Ma WY, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mallik P, Mallot K, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Maruyama R, Mase K, Matis HS, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Micallef J, Mockler D, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Morse R, Moulai M, Muth P, Nagai R, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nisa MU, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Oehler M, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, O'Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Park N, Peiffer P, Pérez de Los Heros C, Philippen S, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Porcelli A, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Reimann R, Relethford B, Renschler M, Renzi G, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Safa I, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schieler H, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schröder FG, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Shefali S, Silva M, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stein R, Steinmüller P, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strotjohann NL, Stürwald T, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Taboada I, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Tollefson K, Tomankova L, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Trettin A, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley CF, Ty B, Unger E, Unland Elorrieta MA, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Santen J, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandkowsky N, Watson TB, Weaver C, Weindl A, Weiss MJ, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood J, Wood TR, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T, Zöcklein M. Time-Integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 Years of IceCube Data. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:051103. [PMID: 32083934 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents the results from pointlike neutrino source searches using ten years of IceCube data collected between April 6, 2008 and July 10, 2018. We evaluate the significance of an astrophysical signal from a pointlike source looking for an excess of clustered neutrino events with energies typically above ∼1 TeV among the background of atmospheric muons and neutrinos. We perform a full-sky scan, a search within a selected source catalog, a catalog population study, and three stacked Galactic catalog searches. The most significant point in the northern hemisphere from scanning the sky is coincident with the Seyfert II galaxy NGC 1068, which was included in the source catalog search. The excess at the coordinates of NGC 1068 is inconsistent with background expectations at the level of 2.9σ after accounting for statistical trials from the entire catalog. The combination of this result along with excesses observed at the coordinates of three other sources, including TXS 0506+056, suggests that, collectively, correlations with sources in the northern catalog are inconsistent with background at 3.3σ significance. The southern catalog is consistent with background. These results, all based on searches for a cumulative neutrino signal integrated over the 10 years of available data, motivate further study of these and similar sources, including time-dependent analyses, multimessenger correlations, and the possibility of stronger evidence with coming upgrades to the detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Alispach
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Ansseau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Backes
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Bagherpour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Balagopal
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Barbano
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | | | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Baur
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Börner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Böttcher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bourbeau
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Buscher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R S Busse
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Carver
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Clark
- SNOLAB, 1039 Regional Road 24, Creighton Mine 9, Lively, Ontario, Canada P3Y 1N2
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Coleman
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Diaz
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H Dujmovic
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Dvorak
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Fox
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Z Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Griswold
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Günder
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Gündüz
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Halliday
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Heix
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Henningsen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Hoinka
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Hokanson-Fasig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - F Jonske
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Joppe
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Kang
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - M Karl
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Kulacz
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kyriacou
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - M Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J P Lazar
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Leszczyńska
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - F Lucarelli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - J Lünemann
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Y Ma
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - P Mallik
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Mallot
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207-0001, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Medina
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Meighen-Berger
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Menne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Mockler
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Momenté
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - R Morse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Muth
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M U Nisa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - M Oehler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - N Park
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P Peiffer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Philippen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - A Porcelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Raissi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Rauch
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Relethford
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Renschler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S Robertson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | | | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - L Schumacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - S Shefali
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Silva
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - R Snihur
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - P Steinmüller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - T Stürwald
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - F Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Tollefson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Tomankova
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Tönnis
- Institute of Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Turcotte
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Van Driessche
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D van Eijk
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Wandkowsky
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J Weldert
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Wille
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Wills
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Wood
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Zöcklein
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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Huber M, Chiticariu E, Bachmann D, Flatz L, Hohl D. Palmoplantar Keratoderma with Leukokeratosis Anogenitalis Caused by KDSR Mutations. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1662-1665.e1. [PMID: 31987885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Huber
- Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Chiticariu
- Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Bachmann
- Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute for Immune Biology, St. Gallen Cantonal Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Service of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Zurlo E, Gorroño Bikandi I, Meeuwenoord NJ, Filippov DV, Huber M. Tracking amyloid oligomerization with monomer resolution using a 13-amino acid peptide with a backbone-fixed spin label. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25187-25195. [PMID: 31696167 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid oligomers are suspected as toxic agents in neurodegenerative disease, and are transient and often heterogeneous, making them difficult to detect. Here we show an approach to track the development of amyloid oligomers in situ by room temperature, continuous wave (cw) 9 and 95 GHz EPR. Three amyloid peptides with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-N-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC) spin label were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis: T0EZ (TKVKVLGDVIEVGG) with TOAC (T) at the N-terminus, T5EZ with TOAC in the middle (KVKVTGDVIEVG) and T12EZ with TOAC at the C-terminus (KVKVLGDVIEVTG). These sequences are derived from the K11V (KVKVLGDVIEV) amyloid peptide, which self-aggregates to oligomers with a β-sheet configuration (A. Laganowsky, et al., Science, 2012, 335, 1228-1231). To monitor oligomerization, the rotational correlation time (τr) is measured by cw-EPR. For the backbone-fixed TOAC label that is devoid of local mobility τr should reflect the rotation and thereby the size of the peptide, resp. oligomer. For T5EZ a good match between the measured τr and the size of the peptide is obtained, showing the validity of the approach. One of the three peptides (T0EZ) aggregates (circular dichroism), whereas the other two do not. Since also the respective MTSL (S-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl methanesulfonothioate) labelled peptides fail to aggregate, molecular crowding due to the label, rather than the helix-inducing properties of TOAC, seems to be responsible. Following in situ oligomer formation of T0EZ by the change in rotational correlation time, two oligomers are observed, a 5-6 mer and a 15-18 mer. The EPR approach, particularly 95 GHz EPR, enables following oligomerization of one monomer at a time, suggesting that the cw-EPR approach presented is a novel tool to follow amyloid oligomerization with high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zurlo
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - I Gorroño Bikandi
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - N J Meeuwenoord
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratoria, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratoria, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Huber
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Lillis T, Hand M, Pasquinelli M, Deliu Z, Weldon C, Trosman J, Feldman L, Huber M. MA19.01 Empirical Identification of Distress Clusters in Lung Cancer Patients. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Deliu Z, Zhang J, Pasquinelli M, Wang H, Weldon C, Liu L, Feldman L, Huber M. P2.10-08 Association Between Smoking and Anxiety/Depression in Respiratory Tract Cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Melber A, Jelting Y, Huber M, Keller D, Dullenkopf A, Girard T, Kranke P. Remifentanil patient-controlled analgesia in labour: six-year audit of outcome data of the RemiPCA SAFE Network (2010–2015). Int J Obstet Anesth 2019; 39:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chiticariu E, Regamey A, Huber M, Hohl D. CENPV Is a CYLD-Interacting Molecule Regulating Ciliary Acetylated α-Tubulin. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:66-74.e4. [PMID: 31260673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CYLD is a deubiquitylase with tumor suppressor functions, first identified in patients with familial cylindromatosis. Despite many molecular mechanisms in which a function of CYLD was reported, affected patients only develop skin appendage tumors, and their precise pathogenesis remains enigmatic. To elucidate how CYLD contributes to tumor formation, we aimed to identify molecular partners in keratinocytes. By using yeast two-hybrid, coprecipitation, and proximity ligation experiments, we identified CENPV as a CYLD-interacting partner. CENPV, a constituent of mitotic chromosomes associating with cytoplasmic microtubules, interacts with CYLD through the region between the third cytoskeleton-associated protein-glycine domain and the active site. CENPV is deubiquitylated by CYLD and localizes in interphase to primary cilia where it increases the ciliary levels of acetylated α-tubulin. CENPV is overexpressed in basal cell carcinoma. Our results support the notion that centromeric proteins have functions in ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chiticariu
- Service of Dermatology, University Hospital Center of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Regamey
- Service of Dermatology, University Hospital Center of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Huber
- Service of Dermatology, University Hospital Center of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Service of Dermatology, University Hospital Center of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Petit E, Huber M, Rochat A, Bodemer C, Teillac-Hamel D, Müh JP, Revuz J, Barrandon Y, Lathrop M, de Prost Y, Hohl D, Hovnanian A. Three Novel Point Mutations in the Keratinocyte Transglutaminase (TGK) Gene in Lamellar Ichthyosis: Significance for Mutant Transcript Level, TGK Immunodetection and Activity. Eur J Hum Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1159/000484767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Aartsen M, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar J, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Backes P, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Barbano A, Barron J, Barwick S, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty J, Becker KH, Becker Tjus J, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson D, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Börner M, Böser S, Botner O, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Bretz HP, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Busse R, Carver T, Chen C, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Clark K, Classen L, Collin G, Conrad J, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen D, Cross R, Dave P, de André J, De Clercq C, DeLaunay J, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries K, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez J, Dujmovic H, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eller P, Evenson P, Fahey S, Fazely A, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser T, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Giang W, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez J, Grant D, Griffith Z, Gündüz M, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halve L, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Henningsen F, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill G, Hoffman K, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze G, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones B, Kalaczynski P, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karl M, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley J, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein S, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen D, Kowalski M, Krings K, Krückl G, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kyriacou A, Labare M, Lanfranchi J, Larson M, Lauber F, Lazar J, Leonard K, Leuermann M, Liu Q, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal C, Lu L, Lünemann J, Luszczak W, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn K, Makino Y, Mallot K, Mancina S, Mariş I, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, Meagher K, Medici M, Medina A, Meier M, Meighen-Berger S, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Micallef J, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moore R, Moulai M, Nagai R, Nahnhauer R, Nakarmi P, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki S, Nygren D, Obertacke Pollmann A, Olivas A, O’Murchadha A, O’Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova D, Park N, Peiffer P, Pérez de los Heros C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Price P, Przybylski G, Raab C, Raissi A, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea I, Reimann R, Relethford B, Renzi G, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Safa I, Sanchez Herrera S, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Silva M, Snihur R, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak G, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad R, Stößl A, Strotjohann N, Stuttard T, Sullivan G, Sutherland M, Taboada I, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Tomankova L, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Tung C, Turcati A, Turcotte R, Turley C, Ty B, Unger E, Unland Elorrieta M, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Santen J, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandkowsky N, Wandler F, Watson T, Weaver C, Weiss M, Weldert J, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Westerhoff S, Whelan B, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch C, Wille L, Williams D, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood J, Wood T, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Xu D, Xu X, Xu Y, Yanez J, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T. Measurement of atmospheric tau neutrino appearance with IceCube DeepCore. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.032007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aartsen M, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar J, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Al Samarai I, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Backes P, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Barbano A, Barron J, Barwick S, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty J, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson D, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Börner M, Bos F, Böser S, Botner O, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brenzke M, Bretz HP, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Busse R, Carver T, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Clark K, Classen L, Collin G, Conrad J, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen D, Cross R, Dave P, Day M, de André J, De Clercq C, DeLaunay J, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries K, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez J, di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm J, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Evenson P, Fahey S, Fazely A, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser T, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Garrappa S, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Giang W, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez J, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halve L, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill G, Hoffman K, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze G, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones B, Kalaczynski P, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley J, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein S, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koschinsky J, Koskinen D, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Krückl G, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kyriacou A, Labare M, Lanfranchi J, Larson M, Lauber F, Leonard K, Leuermann M, Liu Q, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal C, Lu L, Lünemann J, Luszczak W, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn K, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş I, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Micallef J, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moore R, Moulai M, Nagai R, Nahnhauer R, Nakarmi P, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki S, Nygren D, Obertacke Pollmann A, Olivas A, O’Murchadha A, O’Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova D, Peiffer P, Pepper J, Pérez de los Heros C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Price P, Przybylski G, Raab C, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea I, Reimann R, Relethford B, Renzi G, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Safa I, Sanchez Herrera S, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schöneberg S, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak G, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad R, Stößl A, Strotjohann N, Stuttard T, Sullivan G, Sutherland M, Taboada I, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Toale P, Tobin M, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Tung C, Turcati A, Turley C, Ty B, Unger E, Unland Elorrieta M, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Santen J, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandler F, Wandkowsky N, Watson T, Waza A, Weaver C, Weiss M, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Westerhoff S, Whelan B, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch C, Wille L, Williams D, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood J, Wood T, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Xu D, Xu X, Xu Y, Yanez J, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T. Measurements using the inelasticity distribution of multi-TeV neutrino interactions in IceCube. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.99.032004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Aartsen MG, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Al Samarai I, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Backes P, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Barbano A, Barron JP, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Börner M, Bos F, Böser S, Botner O, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brenzke M, Bretz HP, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Busse RS, Carver T, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dave P, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Dembinski H, Deoskar K, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Evans PA, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Giang W, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halve L, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Kalaczynski P, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koschinsky JP, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Krückl G, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kyriacou A, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Leonard K, Leuermann M, Liu QR, Lohfink E, Lozano Mariscal CJ, Lu L, Lünemann J, Luszczak W, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Makino Y, Mancina S, Mariş IC, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Micallef J, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Moulai M, Nagai R, Nahnhauer R, Nakarmi P, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, Osborne JP, O'Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Peiffer P, Pepper JA, Pérez de Los Heros C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Pizzuto A, Plum M, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Reimann R, Relethford B, Renzi G, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Safa I, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schneider J, Schöneberg S, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strotjohann NL, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Sutherland M, Taboada I, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turley CF, Ty B, Unger E, Unland Elorrieta MA, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Santen J, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandler FD, Wandkowsky N, Watson TB, Waza A, Weaver C, Weiss MJ, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Whitehorn N, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood J, Wood TR, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T. Constraints on Minute-Scale Transient Astrophysical Neutrino Sources. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:051102. [PMID: 30822017 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-energy neutrino emission has been predicted for several short-lived astrophysical transients including gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), core-collapse supernovae with choked jets, and neutron star mergers. IceCube's optical and x-ray follow-up program searches for such transient sources by looking for two or more muon neutrino candidates in directional coincidence and arriving within 100 s. The measured rate of neutrino alerts is consistent with the expected rate of chance coincidences of atmospheric background events and no likely electromagnetic counterparts have been identified in Swift follow-up observations. Here, we calculate generic bounds on the neutrino flux of short-lived transient sources. Assuming an E^{-2.5} neutrino spectrum, we find that the neutrino flux of rare sources, like long gamma-ray bursts, is constrained to <5% of the detected astrophysical flux and the energy released in neutrinos (100 GeV to 10 PeV) by a median bright GRB-like source is <10^{52.5} erg. For a harder E^{-2.13} neutrino spectrum up to 30% of the flux could be produced by GRBs and the allowed median source energy is <10^{52} erg. A hypothetical population of transient sources has to be more common than 10^{-5} Mpc^{-3} yr^{-1} (5×10^{-8} Mpc^{-3} yr^{-1} for the E^{-2.13} spectrum) to account for the complete astrophysical neutrino flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Al Samarai
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - D Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Ansseau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Backes
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Bagherpour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - A Barbano
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - J P Barron
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Börner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Bos
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Bourbeau
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Brenzke
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - S Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | | | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R S Busse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Carver
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Christov
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Clark
- SNOLAB, 1039 Regional Road 24, Creighton Mine 9, Lively, Ontario, Canada P3Y 1N2
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - P Coppin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Correa
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - M Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P A M de André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J J DeLaunay
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - K Deoskar
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - V di Lorenzo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - J P Dumm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - E Dvorak
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P A Evans
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Giang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - T Glauch
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Z Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Hoinka
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Hokanson-Fasig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - N Iovine
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - P Kalaczynski
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - W Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Keivani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - J P Koschinsky
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Kroll
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - A Kyriacou
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - M Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q R Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C J Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Lünemann
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Makino
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - I C Mariş
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Menne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Momenté
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - R W Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Nagai
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - P Nakarmi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J P Osborne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - E O'Sullivan
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P Peiffer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Pizzuto
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Plum
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Rauch
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - I C Rea
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Relethford
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - G Renzi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - I Safa
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - S Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | | | - M Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Schneider
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Schumacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - J Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Soldin
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - M Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | | | - M Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | - R Stein
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - T Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Sutherland
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - F Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M N Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Tönnis
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - S Toscano
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C F Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C F Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M A Unland Elorrieta
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Van Driessche
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D van Eijk
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F D Wandler
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - N Wandkowsky
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T B Watson
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - A Waza
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Werthebach
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - N Whitehorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Wille
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Wills
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Wood
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - J P Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - T Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Huber M. National and-sub national policies on healthy ageing - frameworks and policy examples for the inclusion of migrants. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Huber
- WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Aartsen MG, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Samarai IA, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Backes P, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Barron JP, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Börner M, Bos F, Böser S, Botner O, Bourbeau E, Bourbeau J, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brenzke M, Bretz HP, Bron S, Brostean-Kaiser J, Burgman A, Busse RS, Carver T, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Coppin P, Correa P, Cowen DF, Cross R, Dave P, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, DeLaunay JJ, Dembinski H, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Dvorak E, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Flis S, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fritz A, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Ganster E, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Giang W, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halve L, Halzen F, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoinka T, Hokanson-Fasig B, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, Hünnefeld M, Hussain R, In S, Iovine N, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Kalaczynski P, Kang W, Kappes A, Kappesser D, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kim M, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koschinsky JP, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Krückl G, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Kyriacou A, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Leonard K, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Liu QR, Lohfink E, Mariscal CJL, Lu L, Lünemann J, Luszczak W, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Mancina S, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Micallef J, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moore RW, Moulai M, Nahnhauer R, Nakarmi P, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Olivas A, O’Murchadha A, O’Sullivan E, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Peiffer P, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Plum M, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Raab C, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rauch L, Rawlins K, Rea IC, Reimann R, Relethford B, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Safa I, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Santander M, Sarkar S, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schaufel M, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schneider A, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schumacher L, Sclafani S, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soedingrekso J, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stamatikos M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stein R, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Strotjohann NL, Stuttard T, Sullivan GW, Sutherland M, Taboada I, Tatar J, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Tönnis C, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Turley CF, Ty B, Unger E, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, Van Driessche W, van Eijk D, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Santen J, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandler FD, Wandkowsky N, Waza A, Weaver C, Weiss MJ, Wendt C, Werthebach J, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood J, Wood TR, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Wrede G, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Yuan T. Search for neutrinos from decaying dark matter with IceCube: IceCube Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2018; 78:831. [PMID: 30930683 PMCID: PMC6405043 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the observation of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, interest has risen in models of PeV-mass decaying dark matter particles to explain the observed flux. We present two dedicated experimental analyses to test this hypothesis. One analysis uses 6 years of IceCube data focusing on muon neutrino 'track' events from the Northern Hemisphere, while the second analysis uses 2 years of 'cascade' events from the full sky. Known background components and the hypothetical flux from unstable dark matter are fitted to the experimental data. Since no significant excess is observed in either analysis, lower limits on the lifetime of dark matter particles are derived: we obtain the strongest constraint to date, excluding lifetimes shorter than10 28 s at 90% CL for dark matter masses above 10 TeV .
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Aartsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - J. Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J. A. Aguilar
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Ahlers
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Ahrens
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I. Al Samarai
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K. Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - T. Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - I. Ansseau
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - P. Backes
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - H. Bagherpour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - X. Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - J. P. Barron
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - S. W. Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - V. Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. J. Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - J. Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K.-H. Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - D. Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | | | - D. Z. Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - G. Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - D. Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E. Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - S. Blot
- DESY, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C. Bohm
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Börner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F. Bos
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S. Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O. Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E. Bourbeau
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Bourbeau
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Brenzke
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - S. Bron
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - A. Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. S. Busse
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - T. Carver
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - D. Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Christov
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Clark
- SNOLAB, 1039 Regional Road 24, Creighton Mine 9, Lively, ON P3Y 1N2 Canada
| | - L. Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - G. H. Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. M. Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - P. Coppin
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. Correa
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D. F. Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - R. Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - P. Dave
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - M. Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. P. A. M. de André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - C. De Clercq
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. J. DeLaunay
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - H. Dembinski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - S. De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - K. D. de Vries
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. de Wasseige
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. C. Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - V. di Lorenzo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Dujmovic
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - J. P. Dumm
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - E. Dvorak
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - B. Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P. Eller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - P. A. Evenson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - S. Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. R. Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - J. Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - K. Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - C. Finley
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Flis
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - E. Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - A. Fritz
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. K. Gaisser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - J. Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - E. Ganster
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L. Gerhardt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - K. Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - W. Giang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - T. Glauch
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T. Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. G. Gonzalez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - D. Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Z. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L. Halve
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F. Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - K. Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - D. Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Heereman
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K. Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R. Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - S. Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Hignight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - G. C. Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - K. D. Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - R. Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Hoinka
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - B. Hokanson-Fasig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - K. Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - F. Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - M. Huber
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K. Hultqvist
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Hünnefeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - R. Hussain
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - S. In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - N. Iovine
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | | | | | - M. Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - K. Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - B. J. P. Jones
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, 502 Yates St., Science Hall Rm 108, Box 19059, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - P. Kalaczynski
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - W. Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - A. Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D. Kappesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Karg
- DESY, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A. Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - U. Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Keivani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - J. L. Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - M. Kim
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | | | - J. Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 USA
| | - T. Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. R. Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - R. Koirala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - H. Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - S. Kopper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - J. P. Koschinsky
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D. J. Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K. Krings
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Kroll
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G. Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - N. Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - T. Kuwabara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - A. Kyriacou
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - M. Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. L. Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - M. J. Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F. Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K. Leonard
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 USA
| | - M. Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Q. R. Liu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - E. Lohfink
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. J. Lozano Mariscal
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - L. Lu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - J. Lünemann
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W. Luszczak
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022 USA
| | - G. Maggi
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K. B. M. Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - S. Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - R. Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - K. Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - R. Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - K. Meagher
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. Menne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G. Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - T. Meures
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - G. Momenté
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Montaruli
- Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R. W. Moore
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - M. Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - P. Nakarmi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - U. Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G. Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - H. Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 USA
| | - S. C. Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - D. R. Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - A. Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - A. O’Murchadha
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E. O’Sullivan
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. Palczewski
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - H. Pandya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - D. V. Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - P. Peiffer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. A. Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - C. Pérez de los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D. Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E. Pinat
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Plum
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - P. B. Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - C. Raab
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L. Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - K. Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - I. C. Rea
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R. Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Relethford
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - M. Relich
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - E. Resconi
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W. Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - S. Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - M. Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C. Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - T. Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D. Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D. Rysewyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - I. Safa
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Santander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - S. Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP UK
| | - S. Sarkar
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | | | - M. Schaufel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P. Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - A. Schneider
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - S. Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - L. Schumacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Sclafani
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - D. Seckel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - S. Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022 USA
| | - J. Soedingrekso
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D. Soldin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - M. Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - G. M. Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022 USA
| | | | | | - M. Stamatikos
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - T. Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | | | | | - J. Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - R. G. Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Stößl
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | | | - T. Stuttard
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G. W. Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - M. Sutherland
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - I. Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - J. Tatar
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - F. Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S. Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | | | - S. Tilav
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - P. A. Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - M. N. Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Tönnis
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - S. Toscano
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D. Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. F. Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - A. Turcati
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C. F. Turley
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - B. Ty
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - E. Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - J. Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - W. Van Driessche
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D. van Eijk
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - N. van Eijndhoven
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - M. Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C. Walck
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - M. Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - F. D. Wandler
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - N. Wandkowsky
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Waza
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C. Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - M. J. Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - C. Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Werthebach
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - S. Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - B. J. Whelan
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - K. Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. H. Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L. Wille
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - D. R. Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - L. Wills
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - M. Wolf
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J. Wood
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - T. R. Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - E. Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - K. Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - G. Wrede
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - D. L. Xu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - X. W. Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - Y. Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 USA
| | - J. P. Yanez
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - G. Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - T. Yuan
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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Perino G, Sunitsch S, Huber M, Ramirez D, Gallo J, Vaculova J, Natu S, Kretzer JP, Müller S, Thomas P, Thomsen M, Krukemeyer MG, Resch H, Hügle T, Waldstein W, Böettner F, Gehrke T, Sesselmann S, Rüther W, Xia Z, Purdue E, Krenn V. Diagnostic guidelines for the histological particle algorithm in the periprosthetic neo-synovial tissue. BMC Clin Pathol 2018; 18:7. [PMID: 30158837 PMCID: PMC6109269 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-018-0074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of implant wear particles and non-implant related particles and the characterization of the inflammatory responses in the periprosthetic neo-synovial membrane, bone, and the synovial-like interface membrane (SLIM) play an important role for the evaluation of clinical outcome, correlation with radiological and implant retrieval studies, and understanding of the biological pathways contributing to implant failures in joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive histological particle algorithm (HPA) as a practical guide to particle identification at routine light microscopy examination. METHODS The cases used for particle analysis were selected retrospectively from the archives of two institutions and were representative of the implant wear and non-implant related particle spectrum. All particle categories were described according to their size, shape, colour and properties observed at light microscopy, under polarized light, and after histochemical stains when necessary. A unified range of particle size, defined as a measure of length only, is proposed for the wear particles with five classes for polyethylene (PE) particles and four classes for conventional and corrosion metallic particles and ceramic particles. RESULTS All implant wear and non-implant related particles were described and illustrated in detail by category. A particle scoring system for the periprosthetic tissue/SLIM is proposed as follows: 1) Wear particle identification at light microscopy with a two-step analysis at low (× 25, × 40, and × 100) and high magnification (× 200 and × 400); 2) Identification of the predominant wear particle type with size determination; 3) The presence of non-implant related endogenous and/or foreign particles. A guide for a comprehensive pathology report is also provided with sections for macroscopic and microscopic description, and diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The HPA should be considered a standard for the histological analysis of periprosthetic neo-synovial membrane, bone, and SLIM. It provides a basic, standardized tool for the identification of implant wear and non-implant related particles at routine light microscopy examination and aims at reducing intra-observer and inter-observer variability to provide a common platform for multicentric implant retrieval/radiological/histological studies and valuable data for the risk assessment of implant performance for regional and national implant registries and government agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Perino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10023 USA
| | - S. Sunitsch
- Medizinische Universität Graz, Institut für Pathologie, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Huber
- Pathologisch-bakteriologisches Institut, Otto Wagner Spital, Wien, Austria
| | - D. Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E 70th Street, New York, NY 10023 USA
| | - J. Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J. Vaculova
- Department of Pathology, Fakultni Nemocnice Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - S. Natu
- Department of Pathology, University hospital of North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton-on-Tees, UK
| | - J. P. Kretzer
- Labor für Biomechanik und Implantat-Forschung, Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S. Müller
- MVZ-Zentrum für Histologie, Zytologie und Molekulare Diagnostik, Trier, Germany
| | - P. Thomas
- LMU Klinik, Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Munich, Germany
| | - M. Thomsen
- Baden-Baden Klinik, Baden-Baden, Germany
| | | | - H. Resch
- Universitätsklinik für Unfallchirurgie und Sporttraumatologie, Salzburg, Austria
| | - T. Hügle
- Hôpital Orthopédique, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - W. Waldstein
- Medizinische Universität Wien, AKH-Wien, Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie, Wien, Austria
| | - F. Böettner
- Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - T. Gehrke
- Helios Endo-Klinik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Sesselmann
- Orthopädische Universitätsklinik Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - W. Rüther
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Z. Xia
- Centre for Nanohealth, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - E. Purdue
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Research Institute, New York, NY USA
| | - V. Krenn
- MVZ-Zentrum für Histologie, Zytologie und Molekulare Diagnostik, Trier, Germany
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Braun DL, Hampel B, Kouyos R, Nguyen H, Shah C, Flepp M, Stöckle M, Conen A, Béguelin C, Künzler-Heule P, Nicca D, Schmid P, Delaloye J, Rougemont M, Bernasconi E, Rauch A, Günthard HF, Böni J, Fehr JS, Anagnostopoulos A, Battegay M, B E, B J, B DL, Bucher HC, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Ciuffi A, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, F JS, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, G HF, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Huber M, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, K R, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, Martinez de Tejada B, Marzolini C, Metzner KJ, Müller N, N D, Paioni P, Pantaleo G, Perreau M, R A, Rudin C, Scherrer AU, S P, Speck R, S M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Wandeler G, Weber R, Yerly S. High Cure Rates With Grazoprevir-Elbasvir With or Without Ribavirin Guided by Genotypic Resistance Testing Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus–coinfected Men Who Have Sex With Men. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 68:569-576. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique L Braun
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich
| | - Benjamin Hampel
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich
| | - Roger Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich
| | - Huyen Nguyen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Shah
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich
| | | | - Marcel Stöckle
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel
| | - Anna Conen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, Cantonal Hospital Aarau
| | - Charles Béguelin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | | | - Dunja Nicca
- Institute of Nursing Science, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel
| | - Patrick Schmid
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen
| | - Julie Delaloye
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center
| | | | | | - Andri Rauch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern
| | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich
| | - Jürg Böni
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich
| | - Jan S Fehr
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Park H, Chiticariu E, Bachmann D, Smahi A, Vabres P, Huber M, Hohl D. 205 ARP-T1 is a protein associated with a novel ciliopathy in inherited basal cell cancer of Bazex-Dupré-Christol Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Herholz C, Siegel J, Huber M, Kopp C. Preferences of services in the equine health management: A survey on 2’267 horse owners and -holders in Switzerland and Germany. PFERDEHEILKUNDE 2018. [DOI: 10.21836/pem20180505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Aartsen MG, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Al Samarai I, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Archinger M, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bagherpour H, Bai X, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berley D, Bernardini E, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Börner M, Bos F, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Bradascio F, Braun J, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Bron S, Burgman A, Carver T, Casier M, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Coenders S, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Cowen DF, Cross R, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, del Pino Rosendo E, Dembinski H, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Feintzeig J, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Flis S, Fösig CC, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Giang W, Gladstone L, Glauch T, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haack C, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hansen E, Hansmann T, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, In S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Kang W, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kheirandish A, Kim J, Kim M, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Kohnen G, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Konietz R, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Krückl G, Krüger C, Kunnen J, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Kyriacou A, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lennarz D, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Lu L, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Mancina S, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Micallef J, Momenté G, Montaruli T, Moulai M, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Olivas A, O’Murchadha A, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Peiffer P, Penek Ö, Pepper JA, Pérez de los Heros C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Quinnan M, Raab C, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Reimann R, Relethford B, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Sabbatini L, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schumacher L, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stachurska J, Stanev T, Stasik A, Stettner J, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Ström R, Strotjohann NL, Sullivan GW, Sutherland M, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tatar J, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Tung CF, Turcati A, Unger E, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Rossem M, van Santen J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vogel E, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandkowsky N, Waza A, Weaver C, Weiss MJ, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wickmann S, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zoll M. Measurement of the ν μ energy spectrum with IceCube-79: IceCube Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2017; 77:692. [PMID: 31997925 PMCID: PMC6956919 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
IceCube is a neutrino observatory deployed in the glacial ice at the geographic South Pole. The ν μ energy unfolding described in this paper is based on data taken with IceCube in its 79-string configuration. A sample of muon neutrino charged-current interactions with a purity of 99.5% was selected by means of a multivariate classification process based on machine learning. The subsequent unfolding was performed using the software Truee. The resulting spectrum covers an E ν -range of more than four orders of magnitude from 125 GeV to 3.2 PeV. Compared to the Honda atmospheric neutrino flux model, the energy spectrum shows an excess of more than 1.9 σ in four adjacent bins for neutrino energies E ν ≥ 177.8 TeV . The obtained spectrum is fully compatible with previous measurements of the atmospheric neutrino flux and recent IceCube measurements of a flux of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Aartsen
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | | | - J. Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J. A. Aguilar
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Ahrens
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I. Al Samarai
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K. Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - T. Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - I. Ansseau
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Archinger
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - H. Bagherpour
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - X. Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. W. Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - V. Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R. Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. J. Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - J. Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K.-H. Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - D. Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | | | - D. Z. Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - G. Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - D. Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - E. Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - S. Blot
- DESY, 15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C. Bohm
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Börner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F. Bos
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D. Bose
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - S. Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O. Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - J. Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Brayeur
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - S. Bron
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A. Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T. Carver
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Casier
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E. Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - D. Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Christov
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K. Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - L. Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S. Coenders
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G. H. Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - J. M. Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - D. F. Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - R. Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - M. Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. P. A. M. de André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - C. De Clercq
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E. del Pino Rosendo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Dembinski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - S. De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P. Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - K. D. de Vries
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G. de Wasseige
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T. DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. C. Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - V. di Lorenzo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H. Dujmovic
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - J. P. Dumm
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - B. Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B. Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P. Eller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - S. Euler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P. A. Evenson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - S. Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. R. Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | - J. Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - K. Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - C. Finley
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. Flis
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C.-C. Fösig
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - E. Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - T. Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. K. Gaisser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - J. Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - K. Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - W. Giang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - L. Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - T. Glauch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T. Glüsenkamp
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. G. Gonzalez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - D. Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Z. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F. Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - E. Hansen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T. Hansmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K. Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - D. Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Heereman
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K. Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R. Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - S. Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Hignight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - G. C. Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - K. D. Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - R. Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K. Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - F. Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - M. Huber
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K. Hultqvist
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S. In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - A. Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | | | | | - M. Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - K. Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - B. J. P. Jones
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - W. Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - A. Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T. Karg
- DESY, 15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A. Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - U. Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Keivani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - J. L. Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - M. Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | | | - J. Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 USA
| | - T. Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S. R. Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - G. Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - R. Koirala
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - H. Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Konietz
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L. Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - S. Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D. J. Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, 15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K. Krings
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M. Kroll
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G. Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. Krüger
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Kunnen
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - N. Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - T. Kuwabara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - A. Kyriacou
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - M. Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J. L. Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - M. J. Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F. Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D. Lennarz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - M. Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 USA
| | - M. Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L. Lu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - J. Lünemann
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022 USA
| | - G. Maggi
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K. B. M. Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - S. Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - R. Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - K. Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - R. Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - F. McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - K. Meagher
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. Menne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G. Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - T. Meures
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Micallef
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - G. Momenté
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - U. Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G. Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - H. Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800 USA
| | - S. C. Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - D. R. Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - A. Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - A. O’Murchadha
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T. Palczewski
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - H. Pandya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - D. V. Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - P. Peiffer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ö. Penek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J. A. Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - C. Pérez de los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D. Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E. Pinat
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P. B. Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Quinnan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - C. Raab
- Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L. Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K. Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - R. Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B. Relethford
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - M. Relich
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - E. Resconi
- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W. Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - B. Riedel
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - S. Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
| | - M. Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C. Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 Korea
| | - T. Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D. Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D. Rysewyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - L. Sabbatini
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP UK
| | | | - P. Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T. Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - S. Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - L. Schumacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Seckel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - S. Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022 USA
| | - D. Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M. Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - G. M. Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022 USA
| | | | | | - T. Stanev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | | | - J. Stettner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - R. G. Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Stößl
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - R. Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - G. W. Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - M. Sutherland
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - H. Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
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- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - F. Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik and Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S. Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
| | | | - G. Tešić
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - S. Tilav
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - P. A. Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - M. N. Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - S. Toscano
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D. Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. F. Tung
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
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- Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E. Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - N. van Eijndhoven
- Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S. Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - M. van Rossem
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - C. Walck
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
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- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ch. Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 Australia
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- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C. H. Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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| | - M. Wolf
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T. R. Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - E. Woolsey
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| | - X. W. Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA
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| | - G. Yodh
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- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan
| | - M. Zoll
- Department of Physics, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Volken T, Wieber F, Rüesch P, Huber M, Crawford RJ. Temporal change to self-rated health in the Swiss population from 1997 to 2012: the roles of age, gender, and education. Public Health 2017; 150:152-165. [PMID: 28802181 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to describe the temporal changes in self-rated health status (SRH) from 1997 to 2012 in adults aged 25 to 84 residing in Switzerland, with a view to identifying groups at risk for declining health. STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of population-based cross-sectional health surveys. METHODS Data were collected from the cross-sectional, population-based, five-year Swiss Health Survey, from 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012. A total of 63,861 individuals' data were included. Multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was employed to estimate the probability of very good and good health within the framework of a hierarchical cross-classified age-period-cohort model (HAPC), adjusting for education level, gender, civil status, smoking status and body mass index. RESULTS Individuals with higher education were substantially more likely than those with primary education to report good SRH (OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.93-2.33 for secondary education and OR = 3.79; 95% CI = 3.39-4.23 for tertiary education). The education effect depended on birth cohort and age: higher proportions of good SRH were reported by secondary (8%-17%) and tertiary (10%-22%) compared with primary educated individuals from the 1940 birth cohort onward; the proportion of secondary/tertiary (compared to primary) educated people reporting good SRH increased with age (by 10/11% at 45-50 years and 25/36% at 80-84 years). Gender health equality was achieved by the 1955 (primary educated) and 1960 (secondary educated) birth cohorts, while these women overtook men in reporting good SRH from the 1975 birth cohort onward. Tertiary educated younger women were significantly less likely to report good SRH than men but parity was achieved at around pension age. Similarly, gender inequality in those with primary and secondary education reduced in the younger ages to not be significant at around age 55, with women overtaking men from age 65. CONCLUSIONS Younger birth cohorts with lower education levels appear most vulnerable in terms of their SRH. The education effect cumulatively increases when attaining incrementally higher education levels. While women report lower health than men, gender inequality in SRH has declined and even reversed over time and is substantially linked to differences in educational status. Swiss public health strategies should particularly target the younger adults with only primary school education of both genders; for women, to combat health burdens in their early life, and men, to mitigate issues in their later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Volken
- Institue for Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - F Wieber
- Institue for Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - P Rüesch
- Institue for Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - M Huber
- Institue for Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - R J Crawford
- Institue for Health Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland; Faculty of Health Professions, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Albert A, André M, Anghinolfi M, Anton G, Ardid M, Aubert JJ, Avgitas T, Baret B, Barrios-Martí J, Basa S, Bertin V, Biagi S, Bormuth R, Bourret S, Bouwhuis M, Bruijn R, Brunner J, Busto J, Capone A, Caramete L, Carr J, Celli S, Chiarusi T, Circella M, Coelho J, Coleiro A, Coniglione R, Costantini H, Coyle P, Creusot A, Deschamps A, De Bonis G, Distefano C, Di Palma I, Donzaud C, Dornic D, Drouhin D, Eberl T, El Bojaddaini I, Elsässer D, Enzenhöfer A, Felis I, Fusco L, Galatà S, Gay P, Giordano V, Glotin H, Grégoire T, Gracia Ruiz R, Graf K, Hallmann S, van Haren H, Heijboer A, Hello Y, Hernández-Rey J, Hößl J, Hofestädt J, Hugon C, Illuminati G, James C, de Jong M, Jongen M, Kadler M, Kalekin O, Katz U, Kießling D, Kouchner A, Kreter M, Kreykenbohm I, Kulikovskiy V, Lachaud C, Lahmann R, Lefèvre D, Leonora E, Lotze M, Loucatos S, Marcelin M, Margiotta A, Marinelli A, Martínez-Mora J, Mathieu A, Mele R, Melis K, Michael T, Migliozzi P, Moussa A, Nezri E, Păvălaş G, Pellegrino C, Perrina C, Piattelli P, Popa V, Pradier T, Quinn L, Racca C, Riccobene G, Sánchez-Losa A, Saldaña M, Salvadori I, Samtleben D, McIver J, McManus D, McRae T, McWilliams S, Meacher D, Meadors G, Meidam J, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mendoza-Gandara D, Sanguineti M, Mercer R, Merilh E, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Metzdorff R, Meyers P, Mezzani F, Miao H, Sapienza P, Michel C, Middleton H, Mikhailov E, Milano L, Miller A, Miller A, Miller B, Miller J, Millhouse M, Minenkov Y, Schüssler F, Ming J, Mirshekari S, Mishra C, Mitra S, Mitrofanov V, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moggi A, Mohan M, Mohapatra S, Sieger C, Montani M, Moore B, Moore C, Moraru D, Moreno G, Morriss S, Mours B, Mow-Lowry C, Mueller G, Muir A, Spurio M, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muniz E, Murray P, Mytidis A, Napier K, Stolarczyk T, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nelemans G, Nelson T, Neri M, Nery M, Neunzert A, Newport J, Newton G, Nguyen T, Taiuti M, Nielsen A, 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Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan B, Wickmann S, Wiebe K, Wiebusch C, Wille L, Williams D, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood T, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Xu D, Xu X, Xu Y, Yanez J, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zoll M, Abbott B, Abbott R, Abbott T, Abernathy M, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adams T, Addesso P, Adhikari R, Adya V, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar O, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Allen B, Allocca A, Altin P, Ananyeva A, Anderson S, Anderson W, Appert S, Arai K, Araya M, Areeda J, Arnaud N, Arun K, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Ast M, Aston S, Astone P, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Avila-Alvarez A, Babak S, Bacon P, Bader M, Baker P, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer S, Barayoga J, Barclay S, Barish B, Barker D, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Batch J, Baune C, Bavigadda V, Bazzan M, Beer C, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Belgin M, Bell A, Berger B, Bergmann G, Berry C, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhagwat S, Bhandare R, Bilenko I, Billingsley G, Billman C, Birch J, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bisht A, Bitossi M, Biwer C, Bizouard M, Blackburn J, Blackman J, Blair C, Blair D, Blair R, Bloemen S, Bock O, Boer M, Bogaert G, Bohe A, Bondu F, Bonnand R, Boom B, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady P, Braginsky V, Branchesi M, Brau J, Briant T, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Brockill P, Broida J, Brooks A, Brown D, Brown D, Brown N, Brunett S, Buchanan C, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten H, Buonanno A, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer R, Cabero M, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Calderón Bustillo J, Callister T, Calloni E, Camp J, Canepa M, Cannon K, Cao H, Cao J, Capano C, Capocasa E, Carbognani F, Caride S, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cerboni Baiardi L, Cerretani G, Cesarini E, Chamberlin S, Chan M, Chao S, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Cheeseboro B, Chen H, Chen Y, Cheng HP, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Chmiel T, Cho H, Cho M, Chow J, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua A, Chua S, Chung S, Ciani G, Clara F, Clark J, Cleva F, Cocchieri C, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Colla A, Collette C, Cominsky L, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper S, Corbitt T, Cornish N, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa C, Coughlin M, Coughlin S, Coulon JP, Countryman S, Couvares P, Covas P, Cowan E, Coward D, Cowart M, Coyne D, Coyne R, Creighton J, Creighton T, Cripe J, Crowder S, Cullen T, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dal Canton T, Danilishin S, D’Antonio S, Danzmann K, Dasgupta A, Da Silva Costa C, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davies G, Davis D, Daw E, Day B, Day R, De S, DeBra D, Debreczeni G, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Pozzo W, Denker T, Dent T, Dergachev V, De Rosa R, DeRosa R, DeSalvo R, Devine R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Di Fiore L, Di Giovanni M, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Virgilio A, Doctor Z, Dolique V, Donovan F, Dooley K, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Douglas R, Dovale Álvarez M, Downes T, Drago M, Drever R, Driggers J, Du Z, Ducrot M, Dwyer S, Edo T, Edwards M, Effler A, Eggenstein HB, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry S, Eisenstein R, Essick R, Etienne Z, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Everett R, Factourovich M, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr W, Fauchon-Jones E, Favata M, Fays M, Fehrmann H, Fejer M, Fernández Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira E, Ferrini F, Fidecaro F, Fiori I, Fiorucci D, Fisher R, Flaminio R, Fletcher M, Fong H, Forsyth S, Fournier JD, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Frey V, Fries E, Fritschel P, Frolov V, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard H, Gadre B, Gaebel S, Gair J, Gammaitoni L, Gaonkar S, Garufi F, Gaur G, Gayathri V, Gehrels N, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Germain V, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Giaime J, Giardina K, Giazotto A, Gill K, Glaefke A, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gondan L, González G, Gonzalez Castro J, Gopakumar A, Gorodetsky M, Gossan S, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grado A, Graef C, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greco G, Green A, Groot P, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi G, Guo X, Gupta A, Gupta M, Gushwa K, Gustafson E, Gustafson R, Hacker J, Hall B, Hall E, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam M, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Harms J, Harry G, Harry I, Hart M, Hartman M, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze M, Heitmann H, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng I, Hennig J, Henry J, Heptonstall A, Heurs M, Hild S, Hoak D, Hofman D, Holt K, Holz D, Hopkins P, Hough J, Houston E, Howell E, Hu Y, Huerta E, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner S, Huynh-Dinh T, Indik N, Ingram D, Inta R, Isa H, Isac JM, Isi M, Isogai T, Iyer B, Izumi K, Jacqmin T, Jani K, Jaranowski P, Jawahar S, Jiménez-Forteza F, Johnson W, Jones D, Jones R, Jonker R, Ju L, Junker J, Kalaghatgi C, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner J, Karki S, Karvinen K, Kasprzack M, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Kelley D, Kennedy R, Key J, Khalili F, Khan I, Khan S, Khan Z, Khazanov E, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim J, Kim W, Kim W, Kim YM, Kimbrell S, King E, King P, Kirchhoff R, Kissel J, Klein B, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Koch P, Koehlenbeck S, Koley S, Kondrashov V, Kontos A, Korobko M, Korth W, Kowalska I, Kozak D, Krämer C, Kringel V, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lackey B, Landry M, Lang R, Lange J, Lantz B, Lanza R, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky P, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lebigot E, Lee C, Lee H, Lee H, Lee K, Lehmann J, Lenon A, Leonardi M, Leong J, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Li T, Libson A, Littenberg T, Liu J, Lockerbie N, Lombardi A, London L, Lord J, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough J, Lovelace G, Lück H, Lundgren A, Lynch R, Ma Y, Macfoy S, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Macleod D, Magaña-Sandoval F, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malvezzi V, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell G, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Maros E, Martelli F, Martellini L, Martin I, Martynov D, Mason K, Masserot A, Massinger T, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matichard F, Matone L, Mavalvala N, Mazumder N, McCarthy R, McClelland D, McCormick S, McGrath C, McGuire S, McIntyre G. Search for high-energy neutrinos from gravitational wave event GW151226 and candidate LVT151012 with ANTARES and IceCube. Int J Clin Exp Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.022005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Negri Aranguren M, Shanley C, Cranco S, Otero V, Fiad L, Fernandez I, Miodosky M, Kusminsky G, Corso A, Bistmans A, Huber M, Marull M, Jarchum S, Guanchiale L, Marquez M, Beligoy L, Cerutti I, Navieckas A, Tamashiro M, Pujol M, Taus R, Canosa V, Lopez Galletti L, Prates M, Riddick M, Pavlovsky A. Brentuximab vedotin: A retrospective multicenter analysis of its indication, safety and efficacy in Argentina. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2439_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Shanley
- Hematology; Htal. Britanico Buenos Aires; Caba Argentina
| | - S. Cranco
- Hematology; Instituto Alexander Fleming; Caba Argentina
| | - V. Otero
- Hematology; Htal. Italiano Buenos Aires; Caba Argentina
| | - L. Fiad
- Hematology; Htal. Italiano De La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | | | | | | | - A. Corso
- Hematology, Htal. De Clinicas; Caba Argentina
| | - A. Bistmans
- Hematology, Htal. Ramos Mejia; Caba Argentina
| | - M. Huber
- Hematology, Cemic; Caba Argentina
| | - M. Marull
- Hematology, Centro Posadas; Posadas Argentina
| | - S. Jarchum
- Hematology, Sanatorio Allende; Cordoba Argentina
| | | | | | - L. Beligoy
- Hematology; Hospital Perrando; Chaco Argentina
| | | | - A. Navieckas
- Hematology, Htal. Del Cruce; Florencio Varela Argentina
| | - M. Tamashiro
- Hematology; Sanatorio Sagrado Corazon; Caba Argentina
| | - M. Pujol
- Hematology, Htal Angela I. De Llano; Corrientes Argentina
| | - R. Taus
- Hematology, Htal. Rossi; La Plata Argentina
| | - V. Canosa
- Hematology, Htal. Lagomaggiore; Mendoza Argentina
| | | | - M.V. Prates
- Hematology; Htal. Italiano De La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - M. Riddick
- Ciencias Exactas, Unlp; La Plata Argentina
| | - A. Pavlovsky
- Hematology; Centro Hematologia Pavlovsky; Caba Argentina
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Kelm H, Huber M, Danzer G, Witt C. Verbesserung der Lebensqualität von Patienten mit schwerer COPD unter biperspektivischer Betrachtung. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kelm
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Schlafmedizin, Ruppiner Kliniken, Hochschulklinikum der Mhb
| | - M Huber
- Medizinische Klinik C, Sp Psychosomatik, Ruppiner Kliniken, Hochschulklinikum der Mhb
| | - G Danzer
- Medizinische Klinik C, Sp Psychosomatik, Ruppiner Kliniken, Hochschulklinikum der Mhb
| | - C Witt
- Arbeitsbereich Pneumologie, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
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Stachon T, Wu MF, Bischoff M, Huber M, Langenbucher A, Seitz B, Szentmáry N. [Amniotic Membrane Suspension and Autologous Serum - Are they Important for Wound Healing?]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2017; 234:1015-1018. [PMID: 28114694 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-122338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autologous serum (AS) and amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) are used in the treatment of several ocular surface diseases. AMT is associated with a surgical intervention. Surgery could be avoided by using eye drops prepared from an amniotic membrane homogenate (AMH) or amniotic membrane suspension (AMS). EGF, bFGF, IL-6 and IL-8 were detected in AMS. However, EGF and bFGF concentrations in AMS were about 1.7-17× lower than in AMH, and IL-6 and IL-8 could not be detected in AMH. 100 % AMS, 15 and 30 % AMH significantly decreased proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) compared to controls (p = <0.002 for all), but 15 and 30 % AMS did not affect proliferation. Migration increased significantly compared to controls with 15 and 30 % AMS (p < 0.001), but did not change significantly with 15 or 30 % AMH (p = 0.153 and p = 0.083). Proliferation of HCECs was significantly greater with 15 % AS than with 30 % AS (p < 0.001). HCEC migration was significantly greater with 30 % AS than with 5 % AS (p < 0.01). In summary, 15 and 30 % AMS and 15 and 30 % AS exhibit the best supportive effect on human corneal epithelial cells. Nevertheless, we always have to keep in mind that individual growth factor concentrations exhibit high inter-individual fluctuations in AS or AMS eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stachon
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS), Homburg/Saar
| | - M-F Wu
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS), Homburg/Saar
| | - M Bischoff
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS), Homburg/Saar
| | - M Huber
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS), Homburg/Saar
| | - A Langenbucher
- Institut für Experimentelle Ophthalmologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
| | - B Seitz
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS), Homburg/Saar
| | - N Szentmáry
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes (UKS), Homburg/Saar.,Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Semmelweis Universität, Budapest, Ungarn
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47
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Schütz C, Inselmann S, Sausslele S, Dietz CT, Müller MC, Eigendorff E, Brendel CA, Metzelder SK, Brümmendorf TH, Waller C, Dengler J, Goebeler ME, Herbst R, Freunek G, Hanzel S, Illmer T, Wang Y, Lange T, Finkernagel F, Hehlmann R, Huber M, Neubauer A, Hochhaus A, Guilhot J, Xavier Mahon F, Pfirrmann M, Burchert A. Expression of the CTLA-4 ligand CD86 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) predicts risk of disease recurrence after treatment discontinuation in CML. Leukemia 2017; 31:829-836. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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48
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Gast P, Mance D, Zurlo E, Ivanov KL, Baldus M, Huber M. A tailored multi-frequency EPR approach to accurately determine the magnetic resonance parameters of dynamic nuclear polarization agents: application to AMUPol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3777-3781. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multi- and very high-field electron paramagnetic resonance provides essential parameters to characterize dynamic nuclear polarization agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Gast
- Department of Physics
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - D. Mance
- NMR Spectroscopy
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - E. Zurlo
- Department of Physics
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - K. L. Ivanov
- International Tomography Center
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
| | - M. Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research
- Utrecht University
- Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - M. Huber
- Department of Physics
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
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49
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Aartsen MG, Abraham K, Ackermann M, Adams J, Aguilar JA, Ahlers M, Ahrens M, Altmann D, Andeen K, Anderson T, Ansseau I, Anton G, Archinger M, Argüelles C, Auffenberg J, Axani S, Bai X, Barwick SW, Baum V, Bay R, Beatty JJ, Becker Tjus J, Becker KH, BenZvi S, Berghaus P, Berley D, Bernardini E, Bernhard A, Besson DZ, Binder G, Bindig D, Bissok M, Blaufuss E, Blot S, Bohm C, Börner M, Bos F, Bose D, Böser S, Botner O, Braun J, Brayeur L, Bretz HP, Burgman A, Carver T, Casier M, Cheung E, Chirkin D, Christov A, Clark K, Classen L, Coenders S, Collin GH, Conrad JM, Cowen DF, Cross R, Day M, de André JPAM, De Clercq C, Del Pino Rosendo E, Dembinski H, De Ridder S, Desiati P, de Vries KD, de Wasseige G, de With M, DeYoung T, Díaz-Vélez JC, di Lorenzo V, Dujmovic H, Dumm JP, Dunkman M, Eberhardt B, Ehrhardt T, Eichmann B, Eller P, Euler S, Evenson PA, Fahey S, Fazely AR, Feintzeig J, Felde J, Filimonov K, Finley C, Flis S, Fösig CC, Franckowiak A, Friedman E, Fuchs T, Gaisser TK, Gallagher J, Gerhardt L, Ghorbani K, Giang W, Gladstone L, Glagla M, Glüsenkamp T, Goldschmidt A, Golup G, Gonzalez JG, Grant D, Griffith Z, Haack C, Haj Ismail A, Hallgren A, Halzen F, Hansen E, Hansmann B, Hansmann T, Hanson K, Hebecker D, Heereman D, Helbing K, Hellauer R, Hickford S, Hignight J, Hill GC, Hoffman KD, Hoffmann R, Holzapfel K, Hoshina K, Huang F, Huber M, Hultqvist K, In S, Ishihara A, Jacobi E, Japaridze GS, Jeong M, Jero K, Jones BJP, Jurkovic M, Kappes A, Karg T, Karle A, Katz U, Kauer M, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kemp J, Kheirandish A, Kim M, Kintscher T, Kiryluk J, Kittler T, Klein SR, Kohnen G, Koirala R, Kolanoski H, Konietz R, Köpke L, Kopper C, Kopper S, Koskinen DJ, Kowalski M, Krings K, Kroll M, Krückl G, Krüger C, Kunnen J, Kunwar S, Kurahashi N, Kuwabara T, Labare M, Lanfranchi JL, Larson MJ, Lauber F, Lennarz D, Lesiak-Bzdak M, Leuermann M, Leuner J, Lu L, Lünemann J, Madsen J, Maggi G, Mahn KBM, Mancina S, Mandelartz M, Maruyama R, Mase K, Maunu R, McNally F, Meagher K, Medici M, Meier M, Meli A, Menne T, Merino G, Meures T, Miarecki S, Mohrmann L, Montaruli T, Moulai M, Nahnhauer R, Naumann U, Neer G, Niederhausen H, Nowicki SC, Nygren DR, Obertacke Pollmann A, Olivas A, O'Murchadha A, Palczewski T, Pandya H, Pankova DV, Penek Ö, Pepper JA, Pérez de Los Heros C, Pieloth D, Pinat E, Price PB, Przybylski GT, Quinnan M, Raab C, Rädel L, Rameez M, Rawlins K, Reimann R, Relethford B, Relich M, Resconi E, Rhode W, Richman M, Riedel B, Robertson S, Rongen M, Rott C, Ruhe T, Ryckbosch D, Rysewyk D, Sabbatini L, Sanchez Herrera SE, Sandrock A, Sandroos J, Sarkar S, Satalecka K, Schimp M, Schlunder P, Schmidt T, Schoenen S, Schöneberg S, Schumacher L, Seckel D, Seunarine S, Soldin D, Song M, Spiczak GM, Spiering C, Stahlberg M, Stanev T, Stasik A, Steuer A, Stezelberger T, Stokstad RG, Stößl A, Ström R, Strotjohann NL, Sullivan GW, Sutherland M, Taavola H, Taboada I, Tatar J, Tenholt F, Ter-Antonyan S, Terliuk A, Tešić G, Tilav S, Toale PA, Tobin MN, Toscano S, Tosi D, Tselengidou M, Turcati A, Unger E, Usner M, Vandenbroucke J, van Eijndhoven N, Vanheule S, van Rossem M, van Santen J, Veenkamp J, Vehring M, Voge M, Vraeghe M, Walck C, Wallace A, Wallraff M, Wandkowsky N, Weaver C, Weiss MJ, Wendt C, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wickmann S, Wiebe K, Wiebusch CH, Wille L, Williams DR, Wills L, Wolf M, Wood TR, Woolsey E, Woschnagg K, Xu DL, Xu XW, Xu Y, Yanez JP, Yodh G, Yoshida S, Zoll M. Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:241101. [PMID: 28009216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report constraints on the sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 10^{9} GeV, based on an analysis of seven years of IceCube data. This analysis efficiently selects very high- energy neutrino-induced events which have deposited energies from 5×10^{5} GeV to above 10^{11} GeV. Two neutrino-induced events with an estimated deposited energy of (2.6±0.3)×10^{6} GeV, the highest neutrino energy observed so far, and (7.7±2.0)×10^{5} GeV were detected. The atmospheric background-only hypothesis of detecting these events is rejected at 3.6σ. The hypothesis that the observed events are of cosmogenic origin is also rejected at >99% CL because of the limited deposited energy and the nonobservation of events at higher energy, while their observation is consistent with an astrophysical origin. Our limits on cosmogenic neutrino fluxes disfavor the UHECR sources having a cosmological evolution stronger than the star formation rate, e.g., active galactic nuclei and γ-ray bursts, assuming proton-dominated UHECRs. Constraints on UHECR sources including mixed and heavy UHECR compositions are obtained for models of neutrino production within UHECR sources. Our limit disfavors a significant part of parameter space for active galactic nuclei and new-born pulsar models. These limits on the ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux models are the most stringent to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Aartsen
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K Abraham
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - J Adams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J A Aguilar
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Ahlers
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Ahrens
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Altmann
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Andeen
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
| | - T Anderson
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - I Ansseau
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Anton
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Archinger
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Argüelles
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Auffenberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Axani
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - X Bai
- Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, south Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S W Barwick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - V Baum
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Bay
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Beatty
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Becker Tjus
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K-H Becker
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S BenZvi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - P Berghaus
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115409, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Berley
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - A Bernhard
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Z Besson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - G Binder
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Bindig
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Bissok
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Blaufuss
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Blot
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - C Bohm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Börner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - F Bos
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - D Bose
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - S Böser
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Botner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Braun
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Brayeur
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - A Burgman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Carver
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Casier
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D Chirkin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Christov
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - K Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A7
| | - L Classen
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Coenders
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G H Collin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J M Conrad
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D F Cowen
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - R Cross
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - M Day
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J P A M de André
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C De Clercq
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Del Pino Rosendo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Dembinski
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S De Ridder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - P Desiati
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K D de Vries
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - G de Wasseige
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M de With
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T DeYoung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J C Díaz-Vélez
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - V di Lorenzo
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H Dujmovic
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - J P Dumm
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Dunkman
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B Eberhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Ehrhardt
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - B Eichmann
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P Eller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Euler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P A Evenson
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Fahey
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A R Fazely
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - J Feintzeig
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Felde
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Filimonov
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Finley
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Flis
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C-C Fösig
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - E Friedman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - T Fuchs
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T K Gaisser
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - J Gallagher
- Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WIsconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Gerhardt
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Ghorbani
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Giang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Glagla
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - A Goldschmidt
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Golup
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J G Gonzalez
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D Grant
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - Z Griffith
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C Haack
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Haj Ismail
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - A Hallgren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Halzen
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E Hansen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Hansmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Hansmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Hanson
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Hebecker
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Heereman
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Helbing
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Hellauer
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hickford
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Hignight
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G C Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - K D Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Hoffmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K Holzapfel
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hoshina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - F Huang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M Huber
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Hultqvist
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S In
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - A Ishihara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - G S Japaridze
- CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314, USA
| | - M Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - K Jero
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J P Jones
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Jurkovic
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Kappes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Karg
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - A Karle
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - U Katz
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Kauer
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A Keivani
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J L Kelley
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kemp
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Kheirandish
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Kim
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | - J Kiryluk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - T Kittler
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S R Klein
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G Kohnen
- Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - R Koirala
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - H Kolanoski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Konietz
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Köpke
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S Kopper
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D J Koskinen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kowalski
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - K Krings
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Kroll
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - G Krückl
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Krüger
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Kunnen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - N Kurahashi
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Kuwabara
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Labare
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J L Lanfranchi
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - M J Larson
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Lauber
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Lennarz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Lesiak-Bzdak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - M Leuermann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J Leuner
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Lu
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - J Lünemann
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Madsen
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - G Maggi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - K B M Mahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Mancina
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Mandelartz
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Maruyama
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - K Mase
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - R Maunu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - F McNally
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - K Meagher
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Medici
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Meier
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Meli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - T Menne
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - G Merino
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Meures
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Miarecki
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - T Montaruli
- Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève, Switzerland
| | - M Moulai
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - U Naumann
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Neer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Niederhausen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - S C Nowicki
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - D R Nygren
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - A Olivas
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A O'Murchadha
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Palczewski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - H Pandya
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - D V Pankova
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Ö Penek
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - J A Pepper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - C Pérez de Los Heros
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Pieloth
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - E Pinat
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - P B Price
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - G T Przybylski
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Quinnan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Raab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Rädel
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Rameez
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Rawlins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, Alaska 99508, USA
| | - R Reimann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - B Relethford
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Relich
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - E Resconi
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - W Rhode
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Richman
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - B Riedel
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - S Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Rongen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rott
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - T Ruhe
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D Ryckbosch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - D Rysewyk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - L Sabbatini
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S E Sanchez Herrera
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - A Sandrock
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Sandroos
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Sarkar
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | | | - M Schimp
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - P Schlunder
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Schoenen
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - S Schöneberg
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - L Schumacher
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - D Seckel
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - S Seunarine
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | - D Soldin
- Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - M Song
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - G M Spiczak
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, Wisconsin 54022, USA
| | | | - M Stahlberg
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Stanev
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | - A Steuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Stezelberger
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R G Stokstad
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Stößl
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - R Ström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - G W Sullivan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - M Sutherland
- Department of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - H Taavola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Taboada
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J Tatar
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - F Tenholt
- Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - S Ter-Antonyan
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | | | - G Tešić
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - S Tilav
- Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - P A Toale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - M N Tobin
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Toscano
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Tosi
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M Tselengidou
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A Turcati
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E Unger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Usner
- DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany
| | - J Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - N van Eijndhoven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Vanheule
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M van Rossem
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | - J Veenkamp
- Physik-department, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Vehring
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - M Voge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Vraeghe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - C Walck
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wallace
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - M Wallraff
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Wandkowsky
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Ch Weaver
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - M J Weiss
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Wendt
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Westerhoff
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - B J Whelan
- Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - S Wickmann
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - K Wiebe
- Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C H Wiebusch
- III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Wille
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D R Williams
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - L Wills
- Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - M Wolf
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T R Wood
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - E Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1
| | - K Woschnagg
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D L Xu
- Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - X W Xu
- Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | | | - G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Zoll
- Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Dehant V, Asael D, Baland RM, Baludikay BK, Beghin J, Belza J, Beuthe M, Breuer D, Chernonozhkin S, Claeys P, Cornet Y, Cornet L, Coyette A, Debaille V, Delvigne C, Deproost MH, De WInter N, Duchemin C, El Atrassi F, François C, De Keyser J, Gillmann C, Gloesener E, Goderis S, Hidaka Y, Höning D, Huber M, Hublet G, Javaux EJ, Karatekin Ö, Kodolanyi J, Revilla LL, Maes L, Maggiolo R, Mattielli N, Maurice M, McKibbin S, Morschhauser A, Neumann W, Noack L, Pham LBS, Pittarello L, Plesa AC, Rivoldini A, Robert S, Rosenblatt P, Spohn T, Storme JY, Tosi N, Trinh A, Valdes M, Vandaele AC, Vanhaecke F, Van Hoolst T, Van Roosbroek N, Wilquet V, Yseboodt M. PLANET TOPERS: Planets, Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their ReservoirS. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2016; 46:369-384. [PMID: 27337974 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-016-9488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Interuniversity Attraction Pole (IAP) 'PLANET TOPERS' (Planets: Tracing the Transfer, Origin, Preservation, and Evolution of their Reservoirs) addresses the fundamental understanding of the thermal and compositional evolution of the different reservoirs of planetary bodies (core, mantle, crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and space) considering interactions and feedback mechanisms. Here we present the first results after 2 years of project work.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dehant
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - D Asael
- Université de Liège (Ulg), 4000, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - R M Baland
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - J Beghin
- Université de Liège (Ulg), 4000, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - J Belza
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Universiteit Ghent (Ughent), Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Beuthe
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Breuer
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ph Claeys
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Y Cornet
- Université de Liège (Ulg), 4000, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - L Cornet
- Université de Liège (Ulg), 4000, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - A Coyette
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - V Debaille
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Delvigne
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M H Deproost
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N De WInter
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Duchemin
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - F El Atrassi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C François
- Université de Liège (Ulg), 4000, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - J De Keyser
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BISA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Gillmann
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Gloesener
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Goderis
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Y Hidaka
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Höning
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Huber
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Hublet
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - E J Javaux
- Université de Liège (Ulg), 4000, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - Ö Karatekin
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Kodolanyi
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - L Maes
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BISA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Maggiolo
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Mattielli
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Maurice
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - S McKibbin
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Morschhauser
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - W Neumann
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - L Noack
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L B S Pham
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Pittarello
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A C Plesa
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - A Rivoldini
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S Robert
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BISA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Rosenblatt
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Spohn
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - J -Y Storme
- Université de Liège (Ulg), 4000, Liège 1, Belgium
| | - N Tosi
- Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - A Trinh
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Valdes
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A C Vandaele
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BISA), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - T Van Hoolst
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - V Wilquet
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BISA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Yseboodt
- Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB), 3 Avenue Circulaire, B-1180, Brussels, Belgium
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