1
|
Caravedo MA, White AC, Morales ML, Lopez M, Tanabe MB, Baca-Turpo B, Arque E, Madrid D, Vallabh P, Bascope R, Cabada MM. Comparison of Liver Condemnation and Bile Microscopy As Tools to Estimate Fasciola hepatica Prevalence and Burden in the Anta Province of Cusco in Peru. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:707-712. [PMID: 34129405 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection linked to significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Infection prevalence and estimated financial burden vary across locations owing to different diagnostic tests used. The accuracy of liver condemnation to estimate the prevalence and costs of fascioliasis has seldom been evaluated. We performed a pilot study to determine the prevalence and burden of Fasciola hepatica infection among cattle slaughtered at the municipal abattoir in the Anta province of the Cusco highlands in Peru. We compared liver condemnation with bile microscopy for the diagnosis of infection and prediction of carcass weight. Data were collected from 2009 slaughtered cattle for 1 year. The overall prevalence of Fasciola infection by bile microscopy was 62.5% (1247/2009). A higher prevalence was observed after the rainy season from March to August than from September to February (p < 0.01). Fascioliasis prevalence during the first 6 months was 77.4% (714/923), combining the results of condemnation and microscopy. Bile microscopy diagnosed more infections than liver condemnation (62.7% (579/923) versus 55.4% (511/923), McNemar test p < 0.01). The agreement of the bile microscopy testing with liver condemnation was fair (κ = 0.247). Animal age, gender, breed, and liver condemnation predicted carcass weight [F (df 4, 704) = 61.1, p < 0.001]. Liver condemnation and bile microscopy are complementary tools for evaluation of the prevalence and burden of fascioliasis in livestock. Large scale studies are warranted to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Caravedo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - A Clinton White
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Maria Luisa Morales
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Martha Lopez
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Melinda Barbara Tanabe
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Benicia Baca-Turpo
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Eulogia Arque
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Daniela Madrid
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Prithvi Vallabh
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruben Bascope
- Zoonosis Unit, Direccion Regional de Salud del Cusco, Ministerio de Salud, Cusco, Peru
| | - Miguel Mauricio Cabada
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Caravedo MA, Cabada MM. Human Fascioliasis: Current Epidemiological Status and Strategies for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control. Res Rep Trop Med 2020; 11:149-158. [PMID: 33273878 PMCID: PMC7705270 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s237461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the Review This review aims to critically assess current knowledge about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of Fasciola infection in humans. Recent Findings Fascioliasis is an emerging neglected zoonotic infection affecting the health and wellbeing of human populations. The burden of infection is unclear, and studies have shown the geographic expansion of fascioliasis in human and livestock likely related to climate change. The infection can be asymptomatic or present in acute or chronic forms. Regardless of the presentation, fascioliasis can be associated with long-term complications such as anemia and malnutrition. Early in the infection, antibody testing is the only tool available for diagnosis confirmation. In the chronic forms serology and stool microscopy are helpful. Other tests such as antigen detection and PCR-based methods including isothermal tests have shown promising results. Triclabendazole is the only drug available to treat Fasciola infection. However, reports of resistant infections in livestock and human threaten the clinical care and control of the infection in endemic areas. Summary Fascioliasis is an emerging infection around the world with an uncertain burden. Lack of standardization of diagnostic testing and treatment alternatives hinder treatment and control of the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Caravedo
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Mauricio Cabada
- Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Cusco Branch - Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caravedo MA, Herrera PM, Mongilardi N, de Ferrari A, Davila-Roman VG, Gilman RH, Wise RA, Miele CH, Miranda JJ, Checkley W. Chronic exposure to biomass fuel smoke and markers of endothelial inflammation. Indoor Air 2016; 26:768-75. [PMID: 26476302 PMCID: PMC4935667 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Indoor smoke exposure may affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via lung-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial inflammation. We sought to explore the association between indoor smoke exposure from burning biomass fuels and a selected group of markers for endothelial inflammation. We compared serum concentrations of amyloid A protein, E-selectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and VCAM-1, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in 228 biomass-exposed vs. 228 non-exposed participants living in Puno, Peru. Average age was 56 years (s.d. = 13), average BMI was 26.5 kg/m(2) (s.d. = 4.4), 48% were male, 59.4% completed high school, and 2% reported a physician diagnosis of CVD. In unadjusted analysis, serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 (330 vs. 302 ng/ml; P < 0.001), soluble VCAM-1 (403 vs. 362 ng/ml; P < 0.001), and E-selectin (54.2 vs. 52.7 ng/ml; P = 0.05) were increased in biomass-exposed vs. non-exposed participants, respectively, whereas serum levels of vWF (1148 vs. 1311 mU/ml; P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (2.56 vs. 3.12 mg/l; P < 0.001) were decreased, respectively. In adjusted analyses, chronic exposure to biomass fuels remained positively associated with serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 (P = 0.03) and VCAM-1 (P = 0.05) and E-selectin (P = 0.05), and remained negatively associated with serum levels of vWF (P = 0.02) and hs-CRP (P < 0.001). Daily exposure to biomass fuel smoke was associated with important differences in specific biomarkers of endothelial inflammation and may help explain accelerated atherosclerosis among those who are chronically exposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Caravedo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P M Herrera
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Mongilardi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A de Ferrari
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V G Davila-Roman
- Cardiovascular Division, Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R H Gilman
- Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R A Wise
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C H Miele
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J J Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence for Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - W Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence for Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| |
Collapse
|