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Cagol A, Benkert P, Melie-Garcia L, Schaedelin SA, Leber S, Tsagkas C, Barakovic M, Galbusera R, Lu PJ, Weigel M, Ruberte E, Radue EW, Yaldizli Ö, Oechtering J, Lorscheider J, D'Souza M, Fischer-Barnicol B, Müller S, Achtnichts L, Vehoff J, Disanto G, Findling O, Chan A, Salmen A, Pot C, Bridel C, Zecca C, Derfuss T, Lieb JM, Remonda L, Wagner F, Vargas MI, Du Pasquier RA, Lalive PH, Pravatà E, Weber J, Cattin PC, Absinta M, Gobbi C, Leppert D, Kappos L, Kuhle J, Granziera C. Association of Spinal Cord Atrophy and Brain Paramagnetic Rim Lesions With Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in People With MS. Neurology 2024; 102:e207768. [PMID: 38165377 PMCID: PMC10834139 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a crucial determinant of overall disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis (MS). Accelerated brain atrophy has been shown in patients experiencing PIRA. In this study, we assessed the relation between PIRA and neurodegenerative processes reflected by (1) longitudinal spinal cord atrophy and (2) brain paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs). Besides, the same relationship was investigated in progressive MS (PMS). Last, we explored the value of cross-sectional brain and spinal cord volumetric measurements in predicting PIRA. METHODS From an ongoing multicentric cohort study, we selected patients with MS with (1) availability of a susceptibility-based MRI scan and (2) regular clinical and conventional MRI follow-up in the 4 years before the susceptibility-based MRI. Comparisons in spinal cord atrophy rates (explored with linear mixed-effect models) and PRL count (explored with negative binomial regression models) were performed between: (1) relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and PMS phenotypes and (2) patients experiencing PIRA and patients without confirmed disability accumulation (CDA) during follow-up (both considering the entire cohort and the subgroup of patients with RRMS). Associations between baseline MRI volumetric measurements and time to PIRA were explored with multivariable Cox regression analyses. RESULTS In total, 445 patients with MS (64.9% female; mean [SD] age at baseline 45.0 [11.4] years; 11.2% with PMS) were enrolled. Compared with patients with RRMS, those with PMS had accelerated cervical cord atrophy (mean difference in annual percentage volume change [MD-APC] -1.41; p = 0.004) and higher PRL load (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.93; p = 0.005). Increased spinal cord atrophy (MD-APC -1.39; p = 0.0008) and PRL burden (IRR 1.95; p = 0.0008) were measured in patients with PIRA compared with patients without CDA; such differences were also confirmed when restricting the analysis to patients with RRMS. Baseline volumetric measurements of the cervical cord, whole brain, and cerebral cortex significantly predicted time to PIRA (all p ≤ 0.002). DISCUSSION Our results show that PIRA is associated with both increased spinal cord atrophy and PRL burden, and this association is evident also in patients with RRMS. These findings further point to the need to develop targeted treatment strategies for PIRA to prevent irreversible neuroaxonal loss and optimize long-term outcomes of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cagol
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pascal Benkert
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabine A Schaedelin
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Selina Leber
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Charidimos Tsagkas
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Muhamed Barakovic
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Galbusera
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Po-Jui Lu
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias Weigel
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Esther Ruberte
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ernst-Wilhelm Radue
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Özgür Yaldizli
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Johanna Oechtering
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes Lorscheider
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcus D'Souza
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Bettina Fischer-Barnicol
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefanie Müller
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lutz Achtnichts
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jochen Vehoff
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Disanto
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Oliver Findling
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Chan
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anke Salmen
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Caroline Pot
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claire Bridel
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zecca
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Johanna M Lieb
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Remonda
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Franca Wagner
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Vargas
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Renaud A Du Pasquier
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pravatà
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes Weber
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe C Cattin
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Absinta
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Gobbi
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - David Leppert
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Kuhle
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Granziera
- From Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., S.L., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R., E.-W.R., Ö.Y., L.K., C. Granziera), Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) (A. Cagol, L.M.-G., C.T., M.B., R.G., P.-J.L., M.W., E.R.,O.Y., J.O., J.L., M.D.S., B.F.-B., T.D., D.L., L.K., J.K., C. Granziera), Department of Clinical Research (P.B., S.A.S.), Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology (M.W.), and Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.M.L.), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Translational Neuroradiology Section (C.T), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Quantitative Biomedical Imaging Group (qbig), Department of Biomedical Engineering (E.R., P.C.C.), University Basel; Departments of Neurology (S.M., J.V.) and Radiology (J.W.), Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen; Departments of Neurology (L.A., O.F.) and Radiology (L.R.), Cantonal Hospital Aarau; Departments of Neurology (G.D., C.Z., C.G.) and Neuroradiology (E.P.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano; Departments of Neurology, Inselspital (A. Chan, A.S.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital (F.W.) Bern University Hospital and University of Bern; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.P., R.A.D.P.), and Radiology (R.A.D.P.) Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology (C.B., P.H.L.), and Radiology (M.I.V.) Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (C.Z.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland; Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience (M.A.); Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Opheim G, van der Kolk A, Markenroth Bloch K, Colon AJ, Davis KA, Henry TR, Jansen JFA, Jones SE, Pan JW, Rössler K, Stein JM, Strandberg MC, Trattnig S, Van de Moortele PF, Vargas MI, Wang I, Bartolomei F, Bernasconi N, Bernasconi A, Bernhardt B, Björkman-Burtscher I, Cosottini M, Das SR, Hertz-Pannier L, Inati S, Jurkiewicz MT, Khan AR, Liang S, Ma RE, Mukundan S, Pardoe H, Pinborg LH, Polimeni JR, Ranjeva JP, Steijvers E, Stufflebeam S, Veersema TJ, Vignaud A, Voets N, Vulliemoz S, Wiggins CJ, Xue R, Guerrini R, Guye M. 7T Epilepsy Task Force Consensus Recommendations on the Use of 7T MRI in Clinical Practice. Neurology 2020; 96:327-341. [PMID: 33361257 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying a structural brain lesion on MRI has important implications in epilepsy and is the most important factor that correlates with seizure freedom after surgery in patients with drug-resistant focal onset epilepsy. However, at conventional magnetic field strengths (1.5 and 3T), only approximately 60%-85% of MRI examinations reveal such lesions. Over the last decade, studies have demonstrated the added value of 7T MRI in patients with and without known epileptogenic lesions from 1.5 and/or 3T. However, translation of 7T MRI to clinical practice is still challenging, particularly in centers new to 7T, and there is a need for practical recommendations on targeted use of 7T MRI in the clinical management of patients with epilepsy. The 7T Epilepsy Task Force-an international group representing 21 7T MRI centers with experience from scanning over 2,000 patients with epilepsy-would hereby like to share its experience with the neurology community regarding the appropriate clinical indications, patient selection and preparation, acquisition protocols and setup, technical challenges, and radiologic guidelines for 7T MRI in patients with epilepsy. This article mainly addresses structural imaging; in addition, it presents multiple nonstructural MRI techniques that benefit from 7T and hold promise as future directions in epilepsy. Answering to the increased availability of 7T MRI as an approved tool for diagnostic purposes, this article aims to provide guidance on clinical 7T MRI epilepsy management by giving recommendations on referral, suitable 7T MRI protocols, and image interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giske Opheim
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Anja van der Kolk
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Karin Markenroth Bloch
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Albert J Colon
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Thomas R Henry
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Stephen E Jones
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Jullie W Pan
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Karl Rössler
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Joel M Stein
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Maria C Strandberg
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre-Francois Van de Moortele
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Vargas
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Wang
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Neda Bernasconi
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernasconi
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Isabella Björkman-Burtscher
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Mirco Cosottini
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Sandhitsu R Das
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Lucie Hertz-Pannier
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Inati
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Michael T Jurkiewicz
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Ali R Khan
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Shuli Liang
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Ruoyun Emily Ma
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Srinivasan Mukundan
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Heath Pardoe
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Lars H Pinborg
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Esther Steijvers
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Steven Stufflebeam
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Tim J Veersema
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Alexandre Vignaud
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Natalie Voets
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Serge Vulliemoz
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Christopher J Wiggins
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Rong Xue
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
| | - Maxime Guye
- From the Neurobiology Research Unit (G.O., L.H.P.), and Epilepsy Clinic (L.H.P.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (G.O.), UCPH, Denmark; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (T.J.V.), UMC Utrecht Brain Center, and Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University; Department of Radiology (A.v.d.K.), Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam; Lund University Bioimaging Center (K.M.B.), Lund University, Sweden; Department of Neurology (A.J.C.), Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, ACE Kempenhaeghe/MUMC, Heeze/Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology (J.M.S.) and Penn Epilepsy Center (K.D.), Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (T.R.H.) and Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (P.-F.V.d.M., R.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University Medical Center; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (J.F.A.J.), Maastricht University; Department of Electrical Engineering (J.F.A.J.), Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands; Imaging Institute (S.E.J.) and Epilepsy Center (I.W.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Department of Neurology and Radiology (J.W.P.), University of Pittsburg, PA; Department of Neurosurgery (K.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Sciences (M.C.S.), Lund University Hospital, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy (S.T.), High Field MR Center, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Neuroradiology Division, Diagnostic Unit (M.I.V.), University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; Epileptology Department - INS (F.B.) and CRMBM - CEMEREM (J.-P.R., M.G.), Timone Hospital APHM, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, CNRS, France; Neuroimaging of Epilepsy Laboratory (NOEL) (N.B., A.B.), Montreal Neurological Institute (B.B.), and McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (N.B., A.B.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Radiology (I.B.-B.), Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.C.), University of Pisa, Italy; Department of Neurology (S.R.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; NeuroSpin (L.H.-P., A.V.), Paris-Saclay University, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; UMR 1141 (L.H.-P), University of Paris, France; EEG Section (S.I.), NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medical Imaging (M.T.J.), Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre; Department of Medical Biophysics (M.T.J., A.R.K.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Imaging Research Laboratories (A.R.K.), Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Functional Neurosurgery Department (S.L.), Beijing Children's Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Radiology (S.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; NYU Grossman School of Medicine (H.P.), New York; Harvard MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (J.R.P., S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (J.R.P., S.S.), Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA; Scannexus Ultrahigh Field MRI Research Center (E.S., C.J.W.), Maastricht; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.J.V.), Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (N.V.), FMRIB Division, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; EEG and Epilepsy Unit (S.V.), Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine of Geneva, Switzerland; State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Science (R.X.), Beijing MRI Center for Brain Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Neuroscience Department (R.G.), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence; and IMAGO 7 Foundation (R.G.), Florence, Italy
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