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Gill JS, Nguyen MX, Hull M, van der Heijden ME, Nguyen K, Thomas SP, Sillitoe RV. Function and dysfunction of the dystonia network: an exploration of neural circuits that underlie the acquired and isolated dystonias. Dystonia 2023; 2:11805. [PMID: 38273865 PMCID: PMC10810232 DOI: 10.3389/dyst.2023.11805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Dystonia is a highly prevalent movement disorder that can manifest at any time across the lifespan. An increasing number of investigations have tied this disorder to dysfunction of a broad "dystonia network" encompassing the cerebellum, thalamus, basal ganglia, and cortex. However, pinpointing how dysfunction of the various anatomic components of the network produces the wide variety of dystonia presentations across etiologies remains a difficult problem. In this review, a discussion of functional network findings in non-mendelian etiologies of dystonia is undertaken. Initially acquired etiologies of dystonia and how lesion location leads to alterations in network function are explored, first through an examination of cerebral palsy, in which early brain injury may lead to dystonic/dyskinetic forms of the movement disorder. The discussion of acquired etiologies then continues with an evaluation of the literature covering dystonia resulting from focal lesions followed by the isolated focal dystonias, both idiopathic and task dependent. Next, how the dystonia network responds to therapeutic interventions, from the "geste antagoniste" or "sensory trick" to botulinum toxin and deep brain stimulation, is covered with an eye towards finding similarities in network responses with effective treatment. Finally, an examination of how focal network disruptions in mouse models has informed our understanding of the circuits involved in dystonia is provided. Together, this article aims to offer a synthesis of the literature examining dystonia from the perspective of brain networks and it provides grounding for the perspective of dystonia as disorder of network function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Gill
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Megan X. Nguyen
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mariam Hull
- Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meike E. van der Heijden
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United State
| | - Ken Nguyen
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United State
| | - Sruthi P. Thomas
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roy V. Sillitoe
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United State
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Development, Disease Models and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Berlin GW, Fulcher K, Taylor K, Nguyen T, Montiel A, Moore D, Hull M, Lachowsky NJ. Links Between Childhood Abuse, Insidious Trauma, and Methamphetamine Use Across the Lifespan Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Qualitative Analysis. J Homosex 2023; 70:3192-3212. [PMID: 35759650 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2089075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developmental and lifespan examinations of methamphetamine use among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) remain limited. We used a feminist trauma framework to examine potential links between childhood trauma, trauma-related stressors, and methamphetamine use among GBM. From June 2018 to October 2018, semi-structured interviews (N = 33) were conducted with GBM across British Columbia. Interviews focused on sexual experiences, support services, and methamphetamine use. Using thematic analysis, two overarching trauma-related themes were identified: developmental and insidious trauma and coping with trauma-related stressors. GBM's methamphetamine use co-occurred with childhood experiences of family- and peer-perpetrated heterosexism, childhood sexual abuse, and intersecting forms of oppression/marginalization. These experiences manifested as internalized shame, interpersonal anxiety, and low self-esteem. In adulthood, participants reported difficulty managing emotions, low self-confidence, and loneliness. GBM reported using methamphetamine to manage negative emotions, life stressors, and overcome barriers to interpersonal connection. Findings indicate a need for trauma-informed interventions that address underlying issues and help GBM cultivate supportive relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Berlin
- School of Public Health & Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Fulcher
- School of Public Health & Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - K Taylor
- School of Public Health & Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Canadian Institute of Substance Use Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - T Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Montiel
- School of Public Health & Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D Moore
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Hull
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - N J Lachowsky
- School of Public Health & Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Hull M. Recurrent Nocturnal Tongue Biting in a Case of Hereditary Geniospasm. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:S29-S31. [PMID: 37636234 PMCID: PMC10448609 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hull
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental NeuroscienceTexas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Stefanovic A, Matic N, Ritchie G, Lowe CF, Leung V, Hull M, Alam M, Dawar M, Champagne S, Romney MG. Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Bacteremia among Persons Experiencing Homelessness, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:1668-1671. [PMID: 37486309 PMCID: PMC10370870 DOI: 10.3201/eid2908.230323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased invasive bloodstream infections caused by multidrug resistant Shigella sonnei were noted in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, during 2021-2023. Whole-genome sequencing revealed clonal transmission of genotype 3.6.1.1.2 (CipR.MSM5) among persons experiencing homelessness. Improvements in identifying Shigella species, expanding treatment options for multidrug resistant infections, and developing public health partnerships are needed.
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Hull M, Parnes M, Jankovic J. Botulinum Neurotoxin Injections in Children with Self-Injurious Behaviors. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040236. [PMID: 37104174 PMCID: PMC10141007 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-injurious behaviors are repetitive, persistent actions directed toward one's body that threaten or cause physical harm. These behaviors are seen within a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions, often associated with intellectual disability. Injuries can be severe and distressing to patients and caregivers. Furthermore, injuries can be life-threatening. Often, these behaviors are challenging to treat and require a tiered, multimodal approach which may include mechanical/physical restraints, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, or in some cases, surgical management, such as tooth extraction or deep brain stimulation. Here, we describe a series of 17 children who presented to our institution with self-injurious behaviors in whom botulinum neurotoxin injections were found helpful in preventing or lessening self-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hull
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mered Parnes
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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6
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Saida K, Maroofian R, Sengoku T, Mitani T, Pagnamenta AT, Marafi D, Zaki MS, O'Brien TJ, Karimiani EG, Kaiyrzhanov R, Takizawa M, Ohori S, Leong HY, Akay G, Galehdari H, Zamani M, Romy R, Carroll CJ, Toosi MB, Ashrafzadeh F, Imannezhad S, Malek H, Ahangari N, Tomoum H, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Murphy D, Dominik N, Elbendary HM, Rafat K, Yilmaz S, Kanmaz S, Serin M, Krishnakumar D, Gardham A, Maw A, Rao TS, Alsubhi S, Srour M, Buhas D, Jewett T, Goldberg RE, Shamseldin H, Frengen E, Misceo D, Strømme P, Magliocco Ceroni JR, Kim CA, Yesil G, Sengenc E, Guler S, Hull M, Parnes M, Aktas D, Anlar B, Bayram Y, Pehlivan D, Posey JE, Alavi S, Madani Manshadi SA, Alzaidan H, Al-Owain M, Alabdi L, Abdulwahab F, Sekiguchi F, Hamanaka K, Fujita A, Uchiyama Y, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Elshafie RM, Salayev K, Guliyeva U, Alkuraya FS, Gleeson JG, Monaghan KG, Langley KG, Yang H, Motavaf M, Safari S, Alipour M, Ogata K, Brown AEX, Lupski JR, Houlden H, Matsumoto N. Brain monoamine vesicular transport disease caused by homozygous SLC18A2 variants: A study in 42 affected individuals. Genet Med 2023; 25:90-102. [PMID: 36318270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain monoamine vesicular transport disease is an infantile-onset movement disorder that mimics cerebral palsy. In 2013, the homozygous SLC18A2 variant, p.Pro387Leu, was first reported as a cause of this rare disorder, and dopamine agonists were efficient for treating affected individuals from a single large family. To date, only 6 variants have been reported. In this study, we evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations in individuals with biallelic SLC18A2 variants. METHODS A total of 42 affected individuals with homozygous SLC18A2 variant alleles were identified. We evaluated genotype-phenotype correlations and the missense variants in the affected individuals based on the structural modeling of rat VMAT2 encoded by Slc18a2, with cytoplasm- and lumen-facing conformations. A Caenorhabditis elegans model was created for functional studies. RESULTS A total of 19 homozygous SLC18A2 variants, including 3 recurrent variants, were identified using exome sequencing. The affected individuals typically showed global developmental delay, hypotonia, dystonia, oculogyric crisis, and autonomic nervous system involvement (temperature dysregulation/sweating, hypersalivation, and gastrointestinal dysmotility). Among the 58 affected individuals described to date, 16 (28%) died before the age of 13 years. Of the 17 patients with p.Pro237His, 9 died, whereas all 14 patients with p.Pro387Leu survived. Although a dopamine agonist mildly improved the disease symptoms in 18 of 21 patients (86%), some affected individuals with p.Ile43Phe and p.Pro387Leu showed milder phenotypes and presented prolonged survival even without treatment. The C. elegans model showed behavioral abnormalities. CONCLUSION These data expand the phenotypic and genotypic spectra of SLC18A2-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Saida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Sengoku
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thomas J O'Brien
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Takizawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ohori
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Huey Yin Leong
- Genetics Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gulsen Akay
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mina Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ratna Romy
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Carroll
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Imannezhad
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadis Malek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Ahangari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Tomoum
- Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | | | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Dominik
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hasnaa M Elbendary
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karima Rafat
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanem Yilmaz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seda Kanmaz
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Serin
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deepa Krishnakumar
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Gardham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Maw
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tekki Sreenivasa Rao
- Department of Paediatrics, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Alsubhi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela Buhas
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Specialized Medicine, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tamison Jewett
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Rachel E Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Hanan Shamseldin
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Doriana Misceo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Strømme
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Chong Ae Kim
- Genetic Unit, Instituto da Crianca, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esma Sengenc
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Guler
- Department of Child Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Dilek Aktas
- Damagen Genetic Diagnostic Center, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Anlar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Bayram
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Division of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Shahryar Alavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Hamad Alzaidan
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Alabdi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kamran Salayev
- Department of Neurology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | - Mahsa Motavaf
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Safari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Alipour
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - André E X Brown
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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Del Prete G, Nag M, Immonen T, Fennessey C, Bosch W, Conchas A, Swanstrom A, Lifson J, Keele B, Macairan A, Oswald K, Fast R, Shoemaker R, Silipino L, Hull M, Donohue D, Malys T, Muthua G, Breed M, Kramer J. OP 2.4 – 00145 No Evidence of Ongoing Viral Replication in SIV-Infected Macaques on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Initiated in the Chronic Phase of Infection Despite Elevated Residual Plasma Viral Loads. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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8
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Wirth T, Garone G, Kurian MA, Piton A, Millan F, Telegrafi A, Drouot N, Rudolf G, Chelly J, Marks W, Burglen L, Demailly D, Coubes P, Castro‐Jimenez M, Joriot S, Ghoumid J, Belin J, Faucheux J, Blumkin L, Hull M, Parnes M, Ravelli C, Poulen G, Calmels N, Nemeth AH, Smith M, Barnicoat A, Ewenczyk C, Méneret A, Roze E, Keren B, Mignot C, Beroud C, Acosta F, Nowak C, Wilson WG, Steel D, Capuano A, Vidailhet M, Lin J, Tranchant C, Cif L, Doummar D, Anheim M. Highlighting the Dystonic Phenotype Related to GNAO1. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1547-1554. [PMID: 35722775 PMCID: PMC9545634 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most reported patients carrying GNAO1 mutations showed a severe phenotype characterized by early-onset epileptic encephalopathy and/or chorea. OBJECTIVE The aim was to characterize the clinical and genetic features of patients with mild GNAO1-related phenotype with prominent movement disorders. METHODS We included patients diagnosed with GNAO1-related movement disorders of delayed onset (>2 years). Patients experiencing either severe or profound intellectual disability or early-onset epileptic encephalopathy were excluded. RESULTS Twenty-four patients and 1 asymptomatic subject were included. All patients showed dystonia as prominent movement disorder. Dystonia was focal in 1, segmental in 6, multifocal in 4, and generalized in 13. Six patients showed adolescence or adulthood-onset dystonia. Seven patients presented with parkinsonism and 3 with myoclonus. Dysarthria was observed in 19 patients. Mild and moderate ID were present in 10 and 2 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION We highlighted a mild GNAO1-related phenotype, including adolescent-onset dystonia, broadening the clinical spectrum of this condition. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wirth
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de HautepierreHôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
| | - Giacomo Garone
- University Hospital Pediatric Department, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly,Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of NeurosciencesBambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Manju A. Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental NeurosciencesUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Amélie Piton
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance,Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Nouvel Hôpital CivilHôpitaux universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | | | | | - Nathalie Drouot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
| | - Gabrielle Rudolf
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de HautepierreHôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
| | - Jamel Chelly
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance,Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Nouvel Hôpital CivilHôpitaux universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Warren Marks
- Cook Children's Medical CentreFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de Référence des Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Département de Génétique et Embryologie MédicaleAPHP, Hôpital TrousseauParisFrance
| | - Diane Demailly
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements AnormauxHôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Phillipe Coubes
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements AnormauxHôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Mayte Castro‐Jimenez
- Service de Neurologie, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sylvie Joriot
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyUniversity Hospital of LilleLilleFrance
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- Univ. Lille, ULR7364 RADEME, CHU Lille, Clinique de Génétique Guy FontaineLilleFrance
| | | | | | - Lubov Blumkin
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler School of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Mariam Hull
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental NeuroscienceTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Mered Parnes
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental NeuroscienceTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Claudia Ravelli
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Neuropédiatrie‐Pathologie du développement, centre de référence neurogénétiqueHôpital Trousseau AP‐HP.SU, FHU I2D2ParisFrance
| | - Gaëtan Poulen
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements AnormauxHôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Nadège Calmels
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance,Laboratoire de diagnostic génétique, Nouvel Hôpital CivilHôpitaux universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Andrea H. Nemeth
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin Smith
- Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Angela Barnicoat
- Department of Clinical GeneticsGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm U1127/CNRS UMR 7225/Institut du CerveauParisFrance,Service de neurologie, Hôpital la Pitié SalpêtrièreSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Aurélie Méneret
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm U1127/CNRS UMR 7225/Institut du CerveauParisFrance,Service de neurologie, Hôpital la Pitié SalpêtrièreSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm U1127/CNRS UMR 7225/Institut du CerveauParisFrance,Service de neurologie, Hôpital la Pitié SalpêtrièreSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Boris Keren
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm U1127/CNRS UMR 7225/Institut du CerveauParisFrance,Service de neurologie, Hôpital la Pitié SalpêtrièreSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm U1127/CNRS UMR 7225/Institut du CerveauParisFrance,Service de neurologie, Hôpital la Pitié SalpêtrièreSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Christophe Beroud
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, Bioinformatics & GeneticsMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Catherine Nowak
- The Feingold Center for Children, Division of Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - William G. Wilson
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Dora Steel
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental NeurosciencesUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Capuano
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of NeurosciencesBambino Gesù Children's HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Université/Inserm U1127/CNRS UMR 7225/Institut du CerveauParisFrance,Service de neurologie, Hôpital la Pitié SalpêtrièreSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Lin
- Children's Neurosciences Department, Evelina London Children's HospitalGuy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Christine Tranchant
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de HautepierreHôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
| | - Laura Cif
- Département de Neurochirurgie, Unité des Pathologies Cérébrales Résistantes, Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements AnormauxHôpital Gui de Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Régional MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Diane Doummar
- Sorbonne Université, Service de Neuropédiatrie‐Pathologie du développement, centre de référence neurogénétiqueHôpital Trousseau AP‐HP.SU, FHU I2D2ParisFrance
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de HautepierreHôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et CellulaireIllkirchFrance
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9
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Sadat R, Hull M, Parnes M, Emrick L. eP226: Dual diagnoses in neurogenetics- A case series of pediatric movement disorders and clinical management. Genet Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.01.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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10
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Hull M, Emrick L, Sadat R, Parnes M. A case of treatable encephalopathy, developmental regression, and proximal tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 93:111-113. [PMID: 34920839 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency is an autosomal recessive condition first described as a progressive, early-onset hypokinetic-rigid and dystonic syndrome that was responsive to levodopa. Here we present a child with developmental regression, proximal tremor, and encephalopathy found to have tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency in whom treatment resulted in acquisition of developmental milestones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hull
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Lisa Emrick
- Pediatric Neurogenetics Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roa Sadat
- Pediatric Neurogenetics Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mered Parnes
- Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Hull M, Parnes M. Tics and TikTok: Functional Tics Spread Through Social Media. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:1248-1252. [PMID: 34765689 PMCID: PMC8564820 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional movement disorder is a subtype of functional neurologic symptom disorder a syndrome of involuntary physical, neurologic-type symptoms that are incongruous with "organic" disease. Throughout history, there have been outbreaks of functional symptoms in communities; until recently, spread had been confined to groups of people who shared a physical location. However, in the era of social media, a new mode of dissemination may have arisen. CASES We describe six teenage girls, each with the explosive onset of tic-like movements. Mean age of onset was 14.2 years. The presence of features incongruous with Tourette syndrome on history and examination prompted the diagnosis of functional tics. All patients reported exposure to a specific social media personality before symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS Our series suggests that social media may contribute to the spread of functional neurologic symptom disorder, in a way previously requiring physical proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hull
- Pediatric Movement Disorders ClinicSection of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental NeuroscienceTexas Children's HospitalBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas77030USA
| | - Mered Parnes
- Pediatric Movement Disorders ClinicSection of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental NeuroscienceTexas Children's HospitalBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas77030USA
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12
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Hull M, Parnes M, Jankovic J. Increased Incidence of Functional (Psychogenic) Movement Disorders in Children and Adults Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11:e686-e690. [PMID: 34840884 PMCID: PMC8610548 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders (FMDs) are conditions in which affected patients develop abnormal movements that are incongruous with known, organic, movement disorders, often associated with psychological stressors. METHODS In this case series, electronic medical records of all patients who presented to our adult and pediatric tertiary care movement disorders clinics between March 1 and October 30, 2020, and during the same period in 2019 were reviewed. All patients diagnosed with functional (psychogenic) movement disorder were included if they satisfied diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Among 550 new patients referred for evaluation at our tertiary care movement disorders centers, 45 (8.2%) received a diagnosis of FMD; 75.6% were female, in comparison to the prior year during which time 665 new patients were evaluated and 5.1% were diagnosed with FMD. This represents a 60.1% increase (90.1% in pediatric cohort, 50.9% in adult cohort) in new patients diagnosed with FMD during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Within our patient population, there has been increased incidence of FMDs in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly reflecting increased psychological and other stressors during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hull
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (MH, MP), Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (MH, MP, JJ), Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mered Parnes
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (MH, MP), Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (MH, MP, JJ), Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience (MH, MP), Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (MH, MP, JJ), Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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13
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Zhabokritsky A, Szadkowski L, Burchell AN, Cooper C, Hogg RS, Hull M, Kelly DV, Klein M, Loutfy M, McClean A, Montaner J, Walmsley SL. Immunological and virological response to initial antiretroviral therapy among older people living with HIV in the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC). HIV Med 2021; 22:759-769. [PMID: 34075683 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of immunological recovery and virological suppression in response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the growing population of older people living with HIV (PLWH), as treatment regimens become more effective and tolerable. METHODS An interprovincial Canadian cohort of treatment-naïve PLWH who initiated ART after 1 January 2000 was used and age assessed in decades. Longitudinal absolute CD4 count response to treatment was modelled using generalized estimating equations. Cumulative incidence functions and proportional hazards models with a competing risk of death were used to estimate time to: (1) CD4 ≥ 200 cells/µL, (2) CD4 ≥ 500 cells/µL, (3) virological suppression (≤ 50 copies/mL), and (4) virological failure (> 200 copies/mL). RESULTS In all, 12 489 individuals starting ART between 2000 and 2016 with one or more post-treatment CD4 count or viral load were included in the analysis. Age > 60 years was associated with lower absolute CD4 recovery (adjusted β = -31 cells/µL) compared with age ≤ 30 years when pre-treatment CD4 count and other covariates were accounted for. Older age groups were less likely to achieve a CD4 ≥ 500 cells/µL, with the greatest effect in the > 60 group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57-0.84 vs. age ≤ 30). Older age groups were more likely to achieve viral suppression (age > 60, aHR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05-1.37) and less likely to have virological failure (age > 60, aHR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.3-0.71) compared with those aged ≤ 30 years. CONCLUSIONS Older adults have robust virological responses to ART; however, individuals over the age 60 are more likely to experience blunted CD4 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zhabokritsky
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Szadkowski
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Biostatistics Research Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A N Burchell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Cooper
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - R S Hogg
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Hull
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D V Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - M Klein
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Loutfy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A McClean
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S L Walmsley
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Okhuysen PC, Schwartzberg LS, Roeland E, Anupindi R, Hull M, Yeaw J, Lee YC, Sun L, Franklin G, Chaturvedi P, Tam IM. The impact of cancer-related diarrhea on changes in cancer therapy patterns. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
12111 Background: We studied the impact that cancer related diarrhea (CRD) has on cancer therapy and treatment patterns, including persistence, discontinuation, adherence, and switching of chemotherapy and targeted therapies in patients with and without CRD. Methods: We performed a longitudinal observational study among adult ( > 18 yrs) patients with CRD identified by diagnosis codes or pharmacy claims compared to matched (1:1) non-CRD patients using claims data derived from the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus database. Index date was defined as the date of the first cancer claim, and we re-indexed patients based on CRD claims. Each patient had a 6-month pre-index period and a minimum 3-month follow-up post-index period. To adjust for selection bias and baseline differences, we directly matched the CRD patients to non-CRD patients. Treatment patterns were evaluated and stratified for the first cancer therapy with or without CRD (chemotherapy vs targeted therapy vs both targeted and chemotherapy). Discontinuation was defined as a 30-day gap for chemotherapy and a 14-day gap for targeted therapies from index therapy; switching was a new chemotherapy or targeted therapy prescription within 30 days following discontinuation of index therapy. We computed adherence as the proportion of days covered over the 12-month post-index period and persistence as mean number of days on index therapy. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the difference in risk of discontinuation of index therapy between CRD and non-CRD cohorts. Results: We evaluated a total of 104,135 matched pairs of CRD and non-CRD adult patients with solid or hematologic cancer; each group further grouped by those receiving either chemotherapy (n = 47,220), targeted therapy (n = 2,427), or both treatments (n = 5,313). Patients with CRD discontinued the index therapy more frequently than non-CRD patients for chemotherapy (81.5% vs 62.3%), targeted therapy (69.2% vs 64.3%) or both (96.0% vs 85.5%) (p < 0.0001). Also, the overall percentage of discontinuation (82.4% vs. 64.6%) was significantly higher among patients with CRD. The mean time to discontinuation (59.6±54.1 vs. 68.3±76.6 days) was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in patients with CRD. The mean time to switch (72.0±48.6 vs. 96.9±84.0 days), mean persistence (95.1±98.1 vs. 154.3±142.7 days), and mean adherence (25.5%±37.2 vs. 47.9±41%) were significantly lower (all p < 0.0001) among patients with CRD compared to non-CRD. The percentage of patients requiring a dose titration for their index cancer therapy was significantly higher (21.8%) for the CRD cohort versus 8.5% for non-CRD patients (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patients with CRD were 40% (adjusted) more likely to discontinue the index therapy than patients without CRD. The persistence of index cancer therapy and time to switch were also lower for patients with CRD. Strategies to control CRD and continue cancer therapy are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Roeland
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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15
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Schwartzberg LS, Roeland E, Okhuysen PC, Anupindi R, Hull M, Yeaw J, Sun L, Tam IM, Franklin G, Chaturvedi P. Characterizing unplanned resource utilization associated with cancer-related diarrhea. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e18625 Background: In clinical oncology practice, diarrhea is a very common and severe side effect of cancer treatments including from radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Cancer-related diarrhea (CRD) leads to increased healthcare resource consumption due to unscheduled outpatient visits, and , increased hospital stays requiring intensive supportive care measures. We evaluated CRD patients receiving chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or both, requiring emergency department (ED), physician office visits, hospitalizations, and length of stay (LOS) compared to a matched cohort of non-CRD patients. Methods: We performed a longitudinal study among adult patients ( > 18 yrs) with CRD identified by diagnosis codes or pharmacy claims compared to matched non-CRD patients using claims data derived from the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus database. Index date was the first cancer claim date and patients were re-indexed based on their CRD claim. Each patient had a 6-month pre-index period, a minimum 3-month post-index period and had ≥12 months of continuous enrollment following the CRD index date. To adjust for selection bias and baseline differences, we matched CRD patients to non-CRD patients (1:1) by age, gender, geography and payer type. Patients were stratified by cancer therapy type (chemotherapy, targeted therapy or both treatments). We reported proportion of patients with hospitalizations, average length of stay (LOS), and ED visits. A generalized estimating equation model with log link and binomial distribution adjusted for type of cancer, therapy, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was built to estimate the difference in occurrence of hospitalization between CRD and non-CRD cohorts. Results: We evaluated a total of 104,135 matched pairs of CRD and non-CRD adult patients with solid or hematologic cancer with 12-month continuous enrollment. The proportion of patients with ED visits (36.2% vs 18.9%, p < 0.0001) and hospitalizations (29.6% vs 12.8%, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher among CRD versus non-CRD cohort. When compared to non-CRD patients, CRD patients were more likely to be hospitalized (adjusted OR 2.28. 95% CI of 2.23-2.33). Mean CRD-specific office/hospital visits were significantly higher in the CRD cohort compared to the non-CRD cohort over the 12-month post-index period and patients had more CRD-specific visits to ED (7.5% vs 1.8%); physician’s offices (14.7% vs 3.8%); laboratory testing (11.6% vs 3.2%) and outpatient ancillary services (10.9% vs 2.6%) (all p < 0.0001). Mean hospital LOS among patients with CRD was higher than non-CRD patients (6.6±8.9 vs 5.8±10.5 days, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patients with CRD used significantly more resources, including outpatient services, ED visits, and hospitalizations. Effective prevention of CRD remains an unmet strategy to reduce the overall cost of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Roeland
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
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16
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Roeland E, Schwartzberg LS, Okhuysen PC, Anupindi R, Hull M, Yeaw J, Lee YC, Sun L, Tam I, Franklin G, Chaturvedi P. Healthcare utilization and costs associated with cancer-related diarrhea. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e18623 Background: Diarrhea is a common toxicity of cancer treatments, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or targeted therapies. Cancer-related diarrhea (CRD) leads to increased healthcare utilization and cost. This study evaluated the all-cause and CRD-specific healthcare utilization and cost of patients with CRD compared to a matched non-CRD cohort. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal observational study among adult patients ( > 18 years) with CRD using diagnosis codes or pharmacy claims compared to matched non-CRD patients using claims data from the IQVIA PharMetrics Plus database (October 2015 to March 2020). The index date was the date of the first cancer claim, and we re-indexed patients based on their CRD claim. Each patient had a 6-month pre-index period and a minimum 3-month post-index period. Patients were also required to have ≥12 months of continuous enrollment following the CRD index date. We directly matched patients 1:1 from the CRD cohort to the non-CRD cohort to adjust for selection bias and baseline differences. Our aim was to compare all-cause healthcare costs over a fixed 12-month post-index period, converting all costs to 2020 USD using the Consumer Price Index's medical component. We analyzed healthcare utilization for CRD-treated, CRD-inadequately treated, and CRD-untreated sub-cohorts (per Buono et al., J Econ 2017). Secondary endpoints included healthcare cost (proportion of patients, per-patient mean and median) and healthcare utilization (prescription fills and visits to the emergency department [ED], physician office, lab/pathology and outpatient ancillary services). We built one generalized estimating equation model with log link and gamma distribution adjusted for type of cancer, therapy and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to estimate the difference in total healthcare cost between CRD and non-CRD cohorts. Results: We evaluated a total of 104,135 matched pairs of CRD and non-CRD adult patients with solid or hematologic cancer receiving either targeted or chemotherapy, with 12-month continuous enrollment. Patients with CRD incurred significantly higher mean ($104,880 vs $39,664, p < 0.0001) and median ($59,969 vs $8,914, p < 0.0001) all-cause healthcare cost compared to patients without CRD over the 12-month post-index period. Inadequately treated CRD patients had the mean highest cost ($129,531) vs adequately CRD-treated ($107,050) or untreated CRD patients ($56,350) (all p < 0.0001). Mean pharmacy cost for CRD and non-CRD patients were ($35,190 vs $15,883); visits to the ED ($1,107 vs $431), physician office ($3,457 vs $2,058), lab/pathology ($4,074 vs $1,404), and outpatient ancillary services ($15,805 vs $4,940) (all p-values < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our findings show that patients with CRD had nearly 2.9 times higher all-cause total cost than patients without CRD after adjusting for covariates. Prevention of CRD may result in a significant reduction in cancer-treatment cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Roeland
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - I Tam
- Coeus consulting, Hayward, CA
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17
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Hull M, Parnes M. Cervical Myelopathy as a Complication of Untreated Motor Tics: A Cautionary Tale. Journal of Pediatric Neurology 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTic disorders are common, affecting approximately 0.5 to 1% of children and adolescents. Treatment is required only when symptoms are bothersome or impairing to the patient, so many do not require intervention. However, on occasion tics may cause significant morbidity and are referred to as “malignant.” These malignant tics have resulted in cervical myelopathy, subdural hematoma secondary to head banging, biting of lips leading to infection of oral muscles, self-inflicted eye injuries leading to blindness, skeletal fractures, compressive neuropathies, and vertebral artery dissection. We describe a case of malignant tic disorder, with accompanying video segment, resulting in cervical myelopathy and quadriparesis in a child. We also discuss aggressive management strategies for neurologists to prevent potential lifelong disability. This case emphasizes that these malignant tics must be treated with all due haste to prevent such complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Hull
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Texas Children's Hospital
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Mered Parnes
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Blue Bird Circle Clinic for Pediatric Neurology, Texas Children's Hospital
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Clark I, Gomes RL, Crawshaw C, Neve L, Lodge R, Fay M, Winkler C, Hull M, Lester E. Continuous synthesis of Zn2Al–CO3layered double hydroxides: a comparison of bench, pilot and industrial scale syntheses. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00241j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn2Al–CO3was produced continuously at bench (g h−1), pilot (100s g h−1) and industrial scale (10s kg h−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Clark
- Advanced Materials Research Group
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - R. L. Gomes
- Food, Water, Waste Research Group
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | | | - L. Neve
- Promethean Particles Ltd
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - R. Lodge
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre
- The University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - M. Fay
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre
- The University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - C. Winkler
- Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory
- Virginia Tech
- USA
| | - M. Hull
- Nanoscale Characterization and Fabrication Laboratory
- Virginia Tech
- USA
| | - E. Lester
- Advanced Materials Research Group
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
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19
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Carden K, Letang S, Choi J, Hull M, Popp T, Whitley L, Potts D, Allen R. CHALLENGING AGEIST ATTITUDES FOR ALL INTENTS AND PURPOSES: A MIXED METHODS ANALYSIS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Choi
- The University of Alabama
| | - M Hull
- The University of Alabama
| | - T Popp
- The University of Alabama
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20
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Toth PP, Philip S, Hull M, Liassou D, Anderson A, Granowitz C. P739Triglycerides 150 mg/dL and above are associated with an increased risk of peripheral arterial revascularization in high-risk statin-treated patients: A real-world analysis. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P P Toth
- CGH Medical Center, Sterling, United States of America
| | - S Philip
- Amarin Pharma Inc., Bedminster, United States of America
| | - M Hull
- Optum, Eden Prairie, United States of America
| | - D Liassou
- Optum, Eden Prairie, United States of America
| | - A Anderson
- Optum, Eden Prairie, United States of America
| | - C Granowitz
- Amarin Pharma Inc., Bedminster, United States of America
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21
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Socias M, Ti L, Wood E, Nosova E, Hull M, Hayashi K, Debeck K, Milloy MJ. Uptake of HCV treatment among people who inject drugs in the direct-acting antiviral era in a Canadian setting. Int J Infect Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.04.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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22
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Mackenzie H, Markar SR, Askari A, Faiz O, Hull M, Purkayastha S, Møller H, Lagergren J. Obesity surgery and risk of cancer. Br J Surg 2018; 105:1650-1657. [PMID: 30003539 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity increases the risk of several types of cancer. Whether bariatric surgery influences the risk of obesity-related cancer is not clear. This study aimed to uncover the risk of hormone-related (breast, endometrial and prostate), colorectal and oesophageal cancers following obesity surgery. METHODS This national population-based cohort study used data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England collected between 1997 and 2012. Propensity matching on sex, age, co-morbidity and duration of follow-up was used to compare cancer risk among obese individuals undergoing bariatric surgery (gastric bypass, gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy) and obese individuals not undergoing such surgery. Conditional logistic regression provided odds ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals. RESULTS In the study period, from a cohort of 716 960 patients diagnosed with obesity, 8794 patients who underwent bariatric surgery were matched exactly with 8794 obese patients who did not have surgery. Compared with the no-surgery group, patients who had bariatric surgery exhibited a decreased risk of hormone-related cancers (OR 0·23, 95 per cent c.i. 0·18 to 0·30). This decrease was consistent for breast (OR 0·25, 0·19 to 0·33), endometrium (OR 0·21, 0·13 to 0·35) and prostate (OR 0·37, 0·17 to 0·76) cancer. Gastric bypass resulted in the largest risk reduction for hormone-related cancers (OR 0·16, 0·11 to 0·24). Gastric bypass, but not gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy, was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR 2·63, 1·17 to 5·95). Longer follow-up after bariatric surgery strengthened these diverging associations. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery is associated with decreased risk of hormone-related cancers, whereas gastric bypass might increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mackenzie
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - S R Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Askari
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O Faiz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Surgery, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, Harrow, UK
| | - M Hull
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S Purkayastha
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Møller
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Lagergren
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, and Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Patterson S, Jose S, Samji H, Cescon A, Ding E, Zhu J, Anderson J, Burchell AN, Cooper C, Hill T, Hull M, Klein MB, Loutfy M, Martin F, Machouf N, Montaner J, Nelson M, Raboud J, Rourke SB, Tsoukas C, Hogg RS, Sabin C. A tale of two countries: all-cause mortality among people living with HIV and receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in the UK and Canada. HIV Med 2017; 18:655-666. [PMID: 28440036 PMCID: PMC5600099 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We sought to compare all‐cause mortality of people living with HIV and accessing care in Canada and the UK. Methods Individuals from the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC) collaboration and UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) study who were aged ≥ 18 years, had initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the first time between 2000 and 2012 and who had acquired HIV through sexual transmission were included in the analysis. Cox regression was used to investigate the difference in mortality risk between the two cohort collaborations, accounting for loss to follow‐up as a competing risk. Results A total of 19 960 participants were included in the analysis (CANOC, 4137; UK CHIC, 15 823). CANOC participants were more likely to be older [median age 39 years (interquartile range (IQR): 33, 46 years) vs. 36 years (IQR: 31, 43 years) for UK CHIC participants], to be male (86 vs. 73%, respectively), and to report men who have sex with men (MSM) sexual transmission risk (72 vs. 56%, respectively) (all P < 0.001). Overall, 762 deaths occurred during 98 798 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up, giving a crude mortality rate of 7.7 per 1000 PY [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1, 8.3 per 1000 PY]. The crude mortality rates were 8.6 (95% CI: 7.4, 10.0) and 7.5 (95% CI: 6.9, 8.1) per 1000 PY among CANOC and UK CHIC study participants, respectively. No statistically significant difference in mortality risk was observed between the cohort collaborations in Cox regression accounting for loss to follow‐up as a competing risk (adjusted hazard ratio 0.86; 95% CI: 0.72–1.03). Conclusions Despite differences in national HIV care provision and treatment guidelines, mortality risk did not differ between CANOC and UK CHIC study participants who acquired HIV through sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Patterson
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - S Jose
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - H Samji
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Cescon
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - E Ding
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Zhu
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Anderson
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A N Burchell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Cooper
- The Ottawa Hospital Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - T Hill
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Hull
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M B Klein
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,The Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Loutfy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - F Martin
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - N Machouf
- Clinique Medicale l'Actuel, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jsg Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Nelson
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Raboud
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S B Rourke
- Ontario HIV Treatment Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Tsoukas
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R S Hogg
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - C Sabin
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
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24
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Lin SY, Lachowsky NJ, Hull M, Rich A, Cui Z, Sereda P, Jollimore J, Stephenson K, Thumath M, Montaner J, Roth EA, Hogg RS, Moore DM. Awareness and use of nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Vancouver, Canada. HIV Med 2016; 17:662-73. [PMID: 27477994 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) is a strategy to reduce the risk of HIV infection in those with high-risk exposure. This study characterized nPEP awareness among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada after a pilot nPEP programme established in 2012. METHODS Momentum Health Study participants were MSM aged ≥16 years recruited via respondent-driven sampling (RDS) who completed a computer-assisted self-interview. Stratifying patients by HIV status, we used multivariable logistic regression with backward selection to identify factors associated with nPEP awareness. All analyses were RDS-adjusted. RESULTS A total of 51.9% (112 of 173) of HIV-positive and 48.5% (272 of 500) of HIV-negative participants had heard of nPEP. Only 3% (five of 106) of HIV-negative participants who reported recent high-risk sex used nPEP. Generally, nPEP awareness was higher for participants who engaged in sexual activities with increased HIV transmission potential. Factors associated with greater awareness among HIV-negative participants included recent alcohol use, higher communal sexual altruism, previous sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, and greater perceived condom use self-efficacy. Other factors associated with greater awareness among HIV-negative participants included white race/ethnicity, gay sexual identity, more formal education, lower personal sexual altruism, and Vancouver residence. Greater nPEP awareness among HIV-positive participants was associated with greater perceived agency to ask sexual partners' HIV status and more frequently reporting doing so, a higher number of lifetime receptive sex partners, and greater access to condoms. CONCLUSIONS Following implementation of an nPEP pilot programme, nPEP awareness among HIV-negative MSM was 51% and use was 3%. These data support the need to expand access to and actively promote nPEP services.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lin
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - N J Lachowsky
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Hull
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Rich
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Z Cui
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P Sereda
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Jollimore
- Health Initiative for Men, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - M Thumath
- Faculty of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jsg Montaner
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E A Roth
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Centre for Addictions Research BC, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - R S Hogg
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - D M Moore
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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Nosyk B, Krebs E, Min JE, Ahamad K, Buxton J, Goldsmith C, Hull M, Joe R, Krajden M, Lima VD, Olding M, Wood E, Montaner JSG. The 'Expanded HIV care in opioid substitution treatment' (EHOST) cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial: A study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 45:201-209. [PMID: 26342295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The public health response to HIV/AIDS has turned its focus onto optimizing health care system delivery to maximize case identification, access and sustained engagement in antiretroviral treatment (ART). Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) provides a critical opportunity for HIV testing and linkage to ART. The EHOST study is a cluster-randomized, stepped-wedge trial to evaluate a prescriber-focused intervention to increase HIV testing rates, and optimize ART engagement and retention outcomes among individuals engaged in OAT. The study will encompass all drug treatment clinics currently admitting patients for the treatment of opioid use disorder across the province of British Columbia, encompassing an estimated 90% of the OAT caseload. The trial will be executed over a 24-month period, with groups of clinics receiving the intervention in 6-month intervals. Evaluation of the proposed intervention's effectiveness will focus on three primary outcomes: (i) the HIV testing rate among those not known to be HIV positive; (ii) the rate of ART initiation among those not on ART; and (iii) the rate of ART continuation among those on ART. A difference-in-differences analytical framework will be applied to estimate the intervention's effect. This approach will assess site-specific changes in primary outcomes across clusters while adjusting for potential residual heterogeneity in patient case mix, volume, and quality of care across clinics. Statistical analysis of outcomes will be conducted entirely with linked population-level administrative health datasets. Facilitated by established collaborations between key stakeholders across the province, the EHOST intervention promises to optimize HIV testing and care within a marginalized and hard-to-reach population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Nosyk
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
| | - E Krebs
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
| | - J E Min
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
| | - K Ahamad
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
| | - J Buxton
- BC Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Goldsmith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Canada
| | - M Hull
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada; Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Canada
| | - R Joe
- Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, Canada
| | - M Krajden
- BC Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Canada
| | - V D Lima
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada; Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Olding
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada
| | - E Wood
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada; Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - J S G Montaner
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Canada; Division of AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada
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26
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Brunet L, Moodie EEM, Cox J, Gill J, Cooper C, Walmsley S, Rachlis A, Hull M, Klein MB. Opioid use and risk of liver fibrosis in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients in Canada. HIV Med 2015; 17:36-45. [PMID: 26140381 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Opioid use and opioid-related mortality have increased dramatically since the 1990s in North America. The effect of opioids on the liver is incompletely understood. Some studies have suggested that opioids cause liver damage and others have failed to show any harm. HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected persons may be particularly vulnerable to factors increasing liver fibrosis. We aimed to describe opioid use in an HIV/HCV-coinfected population in Canada and to estimate the association between opioid use and liver fibrosis. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive analysis of the Canadian Co-infection Cohort Study data to characterize opioid use. We then conducted a longitudinal analysis to assess the average change in aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) score associated with opioid use using a generalized estimating equation with linear regression. We assessed the progression to significant liver fibrosis (APRI ≥ 1.5) associated with opioid use with pooled logistic regression. RESULTS In the 6 months preceding cohort entry, 32% of the participants had received an opioid prescription, 28% had used opioids illicitly and 18% had both received a prescription and used opioids illicitly. Neither prescribed nor illicit opioid use was associated with a change in the median APRI score [exp(β) 0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82, 1.12) and exp(β) 0.95 (95% CI 0.81, 1.10), respectively] or with faster progression to liver fibrosis [hazard odds ratio (HOR) 1.20 (95% CI 0.73, 1.67) and HOR 1.09 (95% CI 0.63, 1.55), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Although opioids were commonly used both legally and illegally in our cohort, we were unable to demonstrate a negative impact on liver fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brunet
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - E E M Moodie
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Cox
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Chronic Viral Illness Service, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Gill
- Southern Alberta HIV Clinic, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Cooper
- The Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Walmsley
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Rachlis
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Sunnybrook & Women's College Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Hull
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M B Klein
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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27
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Hull M, Kennedy AJ, Detzel C, Vikesland P, Chappell MA. Moving beyond mass: the unmet need to consider dose metrics in environmental nanotoxicology studies. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:10881-10882. [PMID: 23030824 DOI: 10.1021/es3035285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Hull
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
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28
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Klein MB, Rollet KC, Saeed S, Cox J, Potter M, Cohen J, Conway B, Cooper C, Côté P, Gill J, Haase D, Haider S, Hull M, Moodie E, Montaner J, Pick N, Rachlis A, Rouleau D, Sandre R, Tyndall M, Walmsley S. HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection in Canada: challenges and opportunities for reducing preventable morbidity and mortality. HIV Med 2012; 14:10-20. [PMID: 22639840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as an important health problem in the era of effective HIV treatment. However, very few data exist on the health status and disease burden of HIV/HCV-coinfected Canadians. METHODS HIV/HCV-coinfected patients were enrolled prospectively in a multicentre cohort from 16 centres across Canada between 2003 and 2010 and followed every 6 months. We determined rates of a first liver fibrosis or endstage liver disease (ESLD) event and all-cause mortality since cohort enrolment and calculated standardized mortality ratios compared with the general Canadian population. RESULTS A total of 955 participants were enrolled in the study and followed for a median of 1.4 (interquartile range 0.5-2.3) years. Most were male (73%) with a median age of 44.5 years; 13% self-identified as aboriginal. There were high levels of current injecting drug and alcohol use and poverty. Observed event rates [per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval (CI)] were: significant fibrosis (10.21; 8.49, 12.19), ESLD (3.16; 2.32, 4.20) and death (3.72; 2.86, 4.77). The overall standardized mortality ratio was 17.08 (95% CI 12.83, 21.34); 12.80 (95% CI 9.10, 16.50) for male patients and 28.74 (95% CI 14.66, 42.83) for female patients. The primary causes of death were ESLD (29%) and overdose (24%). CONCLUSIONS We observed excessive morbidity and mortality in this HIV/HCV-coinfected population in care. Over 50% of observed deaths may have been preventable. Interventions aimed at improving social circumstances, reducing harm from drug and alcohol use and increasing the delivery of HCV treatment in particular will be necessary to reduce adverse health outcomes among HIV/HCV-coinfected persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Klein
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases/Immunodeficiency, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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29
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Wagner M, Wolf S, Reischies FM, Daerr M, Wolfsgruber S, Jessen F, Popp J, Maier W, Hull M, Frolich L, Hampel H, Perneczky R, Peters O, Jahn H, Luckhaus C, Gertz HJ, Schroder J, Pantel J, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J. Biomarker validation of a cued recall memory deficit in prodromal Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2012; 78:379-86. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318245f447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Poda A, Bednar A, Kennedy A, Harmon A, Hull M, Mitrano D, Ranville J, Steevens J. Characterization of silver nanoparticles using flow-field flow fractionation interfaced to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4219-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Johan MZ, Ingman WV, Robertson SA, Hull M. 507. TGFβ REGULATES ENDOMETRIOSIS-LIKE LESION DEVELOPMENT IN MICE INDEPENDENTLY OF THE RUNX-2/OPN PATHWAY. Reprod Fertil Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/srb09abs507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ is likely to significantly influence endometriotic lesion development, as TGFβ KO/SCID mice with no host-derived TGFβ activity have smaller human ectopic endometrial lesions than control mice. TGFβ potentially acts via RUNX2, a transcription factor that directly upregulates OPN transcription in osteoblasts, as we have identified RUNX-2 and OPN gene expression at high levels in nude mouse endometriosis-like lesions, in human endometrial stomal cell cultures and in the stroma of endometriotic tissues. We hypothesised that inhibition of RUNX-2 would suppress OPN production and result in reduction of endometriotic lesion formation and size. As P38/MAPK inhibitors suppress TGF-β mediated RUNX-2 transcription, we utilised the nude mouse model to test whether the P38/MAPK inhibitor FR167653 would suppress OPN production in endometriotic tissues resulting in smaller lesions.FR167653 (30 mg/kg twice a day) or placebo was administered for either 10 or 14 days to nude mice (16 in each group) implanted with human endometrial tissue xenografts from 4 different women. The size and weight of the lesions were measured and immunohistochemical analysis of OPN, αSMA (myofibroblasts) and F4/80 (macrophages) was carried out. There was no difference in size or weight of the lesions, and there was no overt difference in any of the staining parameters explored. The inhibition of p38/MAPK did not alter the size of the nude mouse lesions nor OPN staining within these lesions despite being administered at a maximal therapeutic dose. This suggests that TGFβ regulation of endometriotic lesion development is mediated by an alternate molecular pathway.
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Hull M, Toy J, Montessori V, Harris M, Ritchie G, Sherlock C, Montaner JSG. Rapid rebound in hepatitis B DNA in previously undetectable hepatitis B/HIV co-infected patients switching from tenofovir to entecavir therapy. J Int AIDS Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-11-s1-p271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Aitken
- Strategic Consulting, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK.
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Robins G, Hull M. Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion in patients with non-malignant disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23:1276-7; author reply 1277. [PMID: 16611292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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George S, Hull M, Edwards L, Wu J, Speert D. 445 ESCAPE FROM THE SPINDLE OF DEATH: THE DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE OF LEMIERRE SYNDROME. J Investig Med 2005. [DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00005.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion remains controversial. The bacteriology of peristomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion has been poorly studied, leading to uncertainty regarding the optimum choice of antibiotic for prophylaxis. AIM To investigate the bacteriology of peristomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion and to determine the contribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from a consecutive series of patients prior to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion over a 6-month period. Bacterial colonization and infection at the peristomal site were prospectively evaluated at days 2/3 and 7 post-insertion. RESULTS Thirty-one patients underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion (mean age, 68 years; cerebrovascular disease, 52%). Naso-pharyngeal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (35%) invariably led to peristomal colonization following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion. Peristomal infection occurred in eight (26%) cases (seven (88%) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus- positive). Peristomal infection was significantly more likely to occur in patients with naso-pharyngeal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization (odds ratio, 10.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-70.9). CONCLUSIONS Naso-pharyngeal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization invariably predicts peristomal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion, and is associated with an increased peristomal infection rate. Currently recommended antibiotic prophylaxis regimens may be inappropriate in institutions with significant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hull
- Division of Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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Halstead MT, Hull M. Struggling with paradoxes: the process of spiritual development in women with cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2001; 28:1534-44. [PMID: 11759301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine the process of spiritual development in women diagnosed with cancer within five years of initial treatment. DESIGN Exploratory, qualitative. SETTING Outpatients in the mid-central and southwestern United States. SAMPLE 10 Caucasian women, ages 45-70, who completed initial treatment, were not undergoing treatment for recurrence, and were within five years of diagnosis for breast or ovarian cancer or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. METHODS Data collected during two semistructured interviews, coded and analyzed using grounded theory techniques. Frame of reference--symbolic interactionism. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Developmental processes of spirituality; responses to diagnosis, treatment, and survival of cancer. FINDINGS Diagnosis of cancer threatened the meaning of the women's lives, resulting in a sense of disintegration. This problem was resolved through the basic social psychological process of Struggling With Paradoxes, a three-phase process of Deciphering the Meaning of Cancer for Me, Recognizing Human Limitations, and Learning to Live with Uncertainty. In phase I, the paradoxes focused on the possibility of death, distress, vulnerability, and maintaining connection. In phase II, the paradoxes involved confronting death, asking difficult questions, and letting go of ultimate control of their lives. In phase III, the paradoxes centered on uncertainty, redefining meaning, and identifying spiritual growth. Reintegration occurred over time, although when threatened by the possibility of recurrence, disintegration resurfaced for a time. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasize not only the importance of spirituality, but also that spiritual experience is individualized and developmental in nature. Spiritual growth occurs over time following the diagnosis of cancer and is not necessarily related to age. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Spiritual concerns may be painful for patients to address; spiritual caregiving requires an acknowledgment of need by the woman with cancer and a caring, sensitive caregiver. Nurses should be aware of the phases of spiritual development so that interventions can be designed to address individual needs that may vary over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Halstead
- Department of Nursing, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA.
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Brown I, Surtees J, Black G, Hirschmann PN, Haer J, Crowley M, Williams GEO, Black J, Murfin D, Walker-Kinnear M, Hull M, Delaney R, Pritchard G. Frederic Basil Stileman Barkworth Paul Brian Counsell Samuel Wolfe Hirschmann Mohammed Shahbaaz Khan Robert Kenneth McAll Leslie Alexander McDowell George Hay Marshall Walter John Murfin Bruce Drummond Taylor Scott Nigel John Wilson. West J Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7312.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
We assessed plasma neopterin level as a marker of inflammation in Alzheimer disease (AD). Plasma neopterin levels were higher in 51 patients with AD (9.3 +/- 5.9 ng/mL) than in 38 age-matched control subjects (6.3 +/- 2.6 ng/ml, p = 0.002). There was no correlation between neopterin levels and Mini-Mental State Examination score or duration of disease; there was a weak association between neopterin level and age (r = 0.26, p = 0.02). Although measurement of plasma neopterin levels is not useful for diagnosis, this assay may provide guidance for the development of anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hull
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Capucci A, Villani GQ, Groppi F, Aschieri D, Hull M, Kuehl M. Comparison of therapy detection times between implantable cardioverter defibrillators with standard dual- and single-chamber pacing. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 1999; 3:329-33. [PMID: 10525248 DOI: 10.1023/a:1009883819803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) required patients in need of dual-chamber (DDD) pacing for improved hemodynamic status to undergo implantation of separate devices to treat bradycardia and/or ventricular arrhythmias. An investigation was conducted to verify the performance of a new ICD that combines both therapies.Sixty-nine patients at 17 European and Canadian centers were implanted with VENTAK AV models 1810/1815, ICD's that includes DDD pacing and algorithms designed to differentiate between atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. 36 of the cohort were compared to 32 patients tested at six centers with an external test device (VENTAK MINI). In both cohorts detection times were calculated for ventricular fibrillation (VF) induced at implant. The mean detection times (DT) from the VENTAK AV device were compared to the DT from the VENTAK MINI device. Patient characteristics of the VENTAK AV and the VENTAK MINI control groups were similar. Mean VF detection time (+/-SD) with the VENTAK AV device was 2.21 +/- 0.54 seconds, as compared with 1.87 +/- 0.62 seconds with the VENTAK MINI (p < 0.01), indicating that the difference in means did not exceed one second. The VENTAK AV system function did not demonstrate interaction with the pacemaker function, as indicated by the clinical significance with the detection times of the study device. The difference in detection times between cohorts did not statistically exceed one second. Appropriate detection of the new ICD was not compromised by the addition of the dual-chamber pacing therapy.
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Bantle JA, Finch RA, Fort DJ, Stover EL, Hull M, Kumsher-King M, Gaudet-Hull AM. Phase III interlaboratory study of FETAX. Part 3. FETAX validation using 12 compounds with and without an exogenous metabolic activation system. J Appl Toxicol 1999; 19:447-72. [PMID: 10547627 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199911/12)19:6<447::aid-jat601>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus) is a 96-h whole-embryo developmental toxicity screening assay that can be used in ecotoxicology and in detecting mammalian developmental toxicants when an in vitro metabolic activation system is employed. A standardized American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) guide for the conduct of FETAX has been published, along with a companion atlas that helps in embryo staging and in identifying malformations. As part of the ASTM process, an interlaboratory validation study was undertaken to evaluate the repeatability and reliability of FETAX and to evaluate the potential teratogenic hazard of 12 compounds. Three different laboratories participated in the study. All three participating laboratories had extensive experience with the assay. FETAX intralaboratory and interlaboratory variability, as judged by coefficients of variation, were very low. Potential teratogenic hazard was evaluated using two major criteria from FETAX experiments employing metabolic activation systems (MAS). These were the teratogenic index TI (TI = 96-h lc(50)/96-h ec(50) (malformation)) and the minimum concentration that inhibits growth (MCIG). A compound was considered teratogenic by this criterion when the MCIG was significantly different from controls at concentrations below the 30% level of the MAS 96-h lc(50). Based on the results of this and other studies, a decision table was constructed in order to evaluate additional studies. Severity of malformations caused, especially near the MAS 96-h ec(50) (malformation), were also evaluated. Four compounds were non-teratogenic but two compounds were clearly teratogenic. The remaining six compounds were ranked as equivocal teratogens. The results were discussed in light of the difficulty of producing an adequate decision table. FETAX proved to yield repeatable and reliable data as long as care was taken during range-finding and technicians were adequately trained. The MAS was essential in using FETAX to predict developmental hazard in mammals, and still requires further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bantle
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Darzins P, Hull M. Older road users. Issues for general practitioners. Aust Fam Physician 1999; 28:663-7. [PMID: 10431421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As our population ages it is anticipated that a greater number of older drivers will be on the roads. This raises the possibility of an increased number of road crashes. Predictors of increased risk of road accidents need to be identified in order for appropriate advice to be given on how to reduce the road risk. OBJECTIVE This article aims to provide insights about the problems posed by older drivers together with practical guidance for general practitioners. DISCUSSION Advice from medical practitioners is often heeded by older patients in relation to their ability to drive. Using resources such as Assessing Fitness to Drive will aid the GP in making an informed decision in relation to this.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Darzins
- University of Melbourne, National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria
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Duggan AE, Stack W, Hull M, Filipowicz B, Knifton A, Crome R, Weber C, Bishop A, Polak J, Hawkey CJ. Protection against aspirin-induced human gastric mucosal injury by bosentan, a new endothelin-1 receptor antagonist. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13:631-5. [PMID: 10233186 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric ulceration induced by aspirin and by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a major clinical problem. The mechanism of injury is unclear. There is evidence that NSAID-induced injury may cause endothelin activation. Endothelin-induced vasoconstriction has been shown to be capable of causing gastric ulceration. AIM To investigate whether acute gastroduodenal injury induced in humans by aspirin can be prevented by the endothelin-1 antagonist, bosentan. METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers each received 5 x 900 mg aspirin every 12 h on three separate occasions (with either placebo, bosentan 700 mg or misoprostol 400 mg). Treatment order was randomized by Latin square design. Subjects were endoscoped and erosions counted before and 90 min after the first and last dose of aspirin. Plasma concentrations of bosentan were measured up to 5 h post-dose. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in the mean number of erosions in the aspirin plus bosentan and aspirin plus misoprostol groups after the first dose of aspirin, compared with controls (aspirin plus placebo) (P<0.05). This was not sustained after the fifth dose of aspirin in the aspirin plus placebo and aspirin plus bosentan groups, but was still present in the aspirin plus misoprostol group. The mean plasma concentration of bosentan measured 3.5 h post-dose fell from 4510 (95% CI: 2791-6230) ng/mL after the 1st dose to 2508 (95% CI: 1733-3283) ng/mL after the 5th dose (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Endothelin receptor antagonism by bosentan can protect the gastric mucosa against aspirin damage. After five doses, bosentan levels fell, possibly because of enzyme induction, and protection was no longer evident. Further investigation is needed to assess whether higher doses would be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Duggan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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Abstract
Receptor recycling involves two endosome populations, peripheral early endosomes and perinuclear recycling endosomes. In polarized epithelial cells, either or both populations must be able to sort apical from basolateral proteins, returning each to its appropriate plasma membrane domain. However, neither the roles of early versus recycling endosomes in polarity nor their relationship to each other has been quantitatively evaluated. Using a combined morphological, biochemical, and kinetic approach, we found these two endosome populations to represent physically and functionally distinct compartments. Early and recycling endosomes were resolved on Optiprep gradients and shown to be differentially associated with rab4, rab11, and transferrin receptor; rab4 was enriched on early endosomes and at least partially depleted from recycling endosomes, with the opposite being true for rab11 and transferrin receptor. The two populations were also pharmacologically distinct, with AlF4 selectively blocking export of transferrin receptor from recycling endosomes to the basolateral plasma membrane. We applied these observations to a detailed kinetic analysis of transferrin and dimeric IgA recycling and transcytosis. The data from these experiments permitted the construction of a testable, mathematical model which enabled a dissection of the roles of early and recycling endosomes in polarized receptor transport. Contrary to expectations, the majority (>65%) of recycling to the basolateral surface is likely to occur from early endosomes, but with relatively little sorting of apical from basolateral proteins. Instead, more complete segregation of basolateral receptors from receptors intended for transcytosis occurred upon delivery to recycling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Sheff
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8002, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- E A McLaughlin
- University of Bristol, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Michael's Hospital, UK
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Bruner MA, Rao M, Dumont JN, Hull M, Jones T, Bantle JA. Ground and surface water developmental toxicity at a municipal landfill: description and weather-related variation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 1998; 39:215-226. [PMID: 9570913 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1998.9999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated groundwater poses a significant health hazard and may also impact wildlife such as amphibians when it surfaces. Using FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus), the developmental toxicity of ground and surface water samples near a closed municipal landfill at Norman, OK, were evaluated. The groundwater samples were taken from a network of wells in a shallow, unconfined aquifer downgradient from the landfill. Surface water samples were obtained from a pond and small stream adjacent to the landfill. Surface water samples from a reference site in similar habitat were also analyzed. Groundwater samples were highly toxic in the area near the landfill, indicating a plume of toxicants. Surface water samples from the landfill site demonstrated elevated developmental toxicity. This toxicity was temporally variable and was significantly correlated with weather conditions during the 3 days prior to sampling. Mortality was negatively correlated with cumulative rain and relative humidity. Mortality was positively correlated with solar radiation and net radiation. No significant correlations were observed between mortality and weather parameters for days 4-7 preceding sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Bruner
- Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, USA
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Smith PN, Vidaillet HJ, Hayes JJ, Wethington PJ, Stahl L, Hull M, Broste SK. Infections with nonthoracotomy implantable cardioverter defibrillators: can these be prevented? Endotak Lead Clinical Investigators. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1998; 21:42-55. [PMID: 9474647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb01060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonthoracotomy ICDs are believed to be the best therapeutic modality for treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Little is known about the risk of infection with initial implantation of these devices. We studied the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with infections in 1,831 patients with nonthoracotomy ICD from the Endotak-C nonthoracotomy lead registry of Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. A transvenous lead was implanted in 950 patients (51.9%) and a combination transvenous plus subcutaneous patch was used in 881 patients (48.1%). Nine preselected data variables were studied, and all investigators identified as having patients with infections were personally contacted. Infections occurred in 22 (1.2%) of 1,831 patients receiving this nonthoracotomy ICD system. The mean time to infection was 5.7 +/- 6.5 months (range 1-25 months). Staphylococci were isolated in 58% of patients with reported infection. The presence of a subcutaneous defibrillator patch system was associated with the development of infection. Six of 950 patients (0.63%) with a totally transvenous lead system developed infection versus 16 of 838 (1.9%) patients with a transvenous lead plus subcutaneous patch system configuration (P = 0.015, Chi-square test), with an unadjusted estimated odds ratio of 3.06 (CI 1.19-7.86). The risk of infection encountered with the nonthoracotomy ICD is low, estimated from our data to be 1.2%. Placement of a subcutaneous defibrillator patch appears to be an independent risk factor for development of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Smith
- Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield Medical Research Foundation, Wisconsin, USA.
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