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Shin H, Prasad V, Lupancu T, Malik S, Achuthan A, Biondo M, Kingwell BA, Thiem M, Gottschalk M, Weighardt H, Förster I, de Steiger R, Hamilton JA, Lee KMC. The GM-CSF/CCL17 pathway in obesity-associated osteoarthritic pain and disease in mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1327-1341. [PMID: 37225052 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously identified a granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/C-C motif ligand 17 (CCL17) pathway in monocytes/macrophages, in which GM-CSF regulates the formation of CCL17, and it is important for an experimental osteoarthritis (OA) model. We explore here additional OA models, including in the presence of obesity, such as a requirement for this pathway. DESIGN The roles of GM-CSF, CCL17, CCR4, and CCL22 in various experimental OA models, including those incorporating obesity (eight-week high-fat diet), were investigated using gene-deficient male mice. Pain-like behavior and arthritis were assessed by relative static weight distribution and histology, respectively. Cell populations (flow cytometry) and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (qPCR) in knee infrapatellar fat pad were analyzed. Human OA sera were collected for circulating CCL17 levels (ELISA) and OA knee synovial tissue for gene expression (qPCR). RESULTS We present evidence that: i) GM-CSF, CCL17, and CCR4, but not CCL22, are required for the development of pain-like behavior and optimal disease in three experimental OA models, as well as for exacerbated OA development due to obesity, ii) obesity alone leads to spontaneous knee joint damage in a GM-CSF- and CCL17-dependent manner, and iii) in knee OA patients, early indications are that BMI correlates with a lower Oxford Knee Score (r = -0.458 and p = 0.0096), with elevated circulating CCL17 levels (r = 0.2108 and p = 0.0153) and with elevated GM-CSF and CCL17 gene expression in OA synovial tissue. CONCLUSIONS The above findings indicate that GM-CSF, CCL17, and CCR4 are involved in obesity-associated OA development, broadening their potential as targets for possible treatments for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heonsu Shin
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Varun Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tanya Lupancu
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Shveta Malik
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Adrian Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Biondo
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Manja Thiem
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Marlene Gottschalk
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Richard de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, Epworth Healthcare, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kevin M-C Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050 Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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Pawaskar D, Chen X, Glassman F, May F, Roberts A, Biondo M, McKenzie A, Nolte MW, Jusko WJ, Tortorici M. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling for dose selection for the first-in-human trial of the activated Factor XII inhibitor garadacimab (CSL312). Clin Transl Sci 2021; 15:709-720. [PMID: 34811931 PMCID: PMC8932701 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Factor XII (FXII) is a serine protease involved in multiple cascades, including the kallikrein–kinin system. It may play a role in diseases in which the downstream cascades are dysregulated, such as hereditary angioedema. Garadacimab (CSL312) is a first‐in‐class, fully human, monoclonal antibody targeting activated FXII (FXIIa). We describe how translational pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling enabled dose selection for the phase I, first‐in‐human trial of garadacimab. The PK/PD data used for modeling were derived from preclinical PK/PD and safety studies. Garadacimab plasma concentrations rose with increasing dose, and clear dose‐related PD effects were observed (e.g., a mechanism‐based prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time). The PK/PD profile from cynomolgus monkeys was used to generate minimal physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) models with target‐mediated drug disposition (TMDD) for data prediction in cynomolgus monkeys. These models were later adapted for prediction of human data to establish dose selection. Based on the final mPBPK model with TMDD and assuming a weight of 70 kg for an adult human, a minimal inhibition (<10%) of FXIIa with a starting dose of 0.1 mg/kg garadacimab and a near maximal inhibition (>95%) at 10 mg/kg garadacimab were predicted. The phase I study is complete, and data on exposure profiles and inhibition of FXIIa‐mediated kallikrein activity observed in the trial support and validate these simulations. This emphasizes the utility and relevance of translational modeling and simulation in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi Chen
- Genentech, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Frauke May
- CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - William J Jusko
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Searle AK, Chen YC, Wallert M, McFadyen J, Maluenda A, Noonan J, Kanellakis P, Zaldivia MT, Huang A, Lioe H, Biondo M, Nolte MW, Rossato P, Bobik A, Panousis C, Wang X, Hosseini H, Peter K. Pharmacological inhibition of Factor XIIa attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm, reduces atherosclerosis, and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques. Thromb Haemost 2021; 122:196-207. [PMID: 34619795 PMCID: PMC8820844 DOI: 10.1055/a-1663-8208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background
3F7 is a monoclonal antibody targeting the enzymatic pocket of activated factor XII (FXIIa), thereby inhibiting its catalytic activity. Given the emerging role of FXIIa in promoting thromboinflammation, along with its apparent redundancy for hemostasis, the selective inhibition of FXIIa represents a novel and highly attractive approach targeting pathogenic processes that cause thromboinflammation-driven cardiovascular diseases.
Methods
The effects of FXIIa inhibition were investigated using three distinct mouse models of cardiovascular disease—angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an ApoE
−/−
model of atherosclerosis, and a tandem stenosis model of atherosclerotic plaque instability. 3F7 or its isotype control, BM4, was administered to mice (10 mg/kg) on alternate days for 4 to 8 weeks, depending on the experimental model. Mice were examined for the development and size of AAAs, or the burden and instability of atherosclerosis and associated markers of inflammation.
Results
Inhibition of FXIIa resulted in a reduced incidence of larger AAAs, with less acute aortic ruptures and an associated fibro-protective phenotype. FXIIa inhibition also decreased stable atherosclerotic plaque burden and achieved plaque stabilization associated with increased deposition of fibrous structures, a >2-fold thicker fibrous cap, increased cap-to-core ratio, and reduction in localized and systemic inflammatory markers.
Conclusion
Inhibition of FXIIa attenuates disease severity across three mouse models of thromboinflammation-driven cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, the FXIIa-inhibiting monoclonal antibody 3F7 reduces AAA severity, inhibits the development of atherosclerosis, and stabilizes vulnerable plaques. Ultimately, clinical trials in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as AAA and atherosclerosis are warranted to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of FXIIa inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Searle
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yung Chih Chen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Wallert
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James McFadyen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ana Maluenda
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Noonan
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Kanellakis
- Atherosclerosis and Cell Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Tk Zaldivia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Huang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hadi Lioe
- Bio21 Institute, CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark Biondo
- Bio21 Institute, CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia
| | | | | | - Alex Bobik
- Atherosclerosis and Cell Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Con Panousis
- Bio21 Institute, CSL Limited, Parkville, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamid Hosseini
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart Research Institute - BHRI, Melbourne, Australia
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Xie LH, Biondo M, Busfield SJ, Arruda A, Yang X, Vairo G, Minden MD. CD123 target validation and preclinical evaluation of ADCC activity of anti-CD123 antibody CSL362 in combination with NKs from AML patients in remission. Blood Cancer J 2017; 7:e567. [PMID: 28574487 PMCID: PMC5520399 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2017.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), overexpression of the interleukin-3 receptor-α (CD123) on both the more differentiated leukemic blast and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) provides a therapeutic target for antibody treatment. Here we present data on the potential clinical activity of the monoclonal antibody CSL362, which binds to CD123 with high affinity. We first validated the expression of CD123 by 100% (52/52) of patient samples and the correlation of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations with the high frequency of CD123 in AML. In vitro studies demonstrated that CSL362 potently induced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) of AML blasts including CD34+CD38−CD123+ LSCs by natural killer cells (NKs). Importantly, compared with healthy donor (HD) NKs, NKs drawn from AML patients in remission had a comparable ADCC activity against leukemic cells; of note, during remission, immature NKs were five times higher in AML patients than that in HDs. Significantly, we report a case where leukemic cells were resistant to autologous ADCC; however, the blasts were effectively lysed by CSL362 together with donor-derived NKs after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These studies highlight CSL362 as a promising therapeutic option following chemotherapy and transplant so as to improve the outcome of AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Biondo
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S J Busfield
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Arruda
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - X Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Vairo
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M D Minden
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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La Mantia F, Biondo M, Ceraulo M, Mistretta M. In-line monitoring of the photooxidation behaviour of a PP/clay nanocomposite through creep measurements. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Oon S, Huynh H, Tai T, Ng M, Monaghan K, Biondo M, Vairo G, Maraskovsky E, Nash A, Wilson N, Wicks I. THU0311 IL3R-Alpha as A Novel Therapeutic Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Oon S, Huynh H, Tai TY, Ng M, Monaghan K, Biondo M, Vairo G, Maraskovsky E, Nash AD, Wicks IP, Wilson NJ. A cytotoxic anti-IL-3Rα antibody targets key cells and cytokines implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86131. [PMID: 27699260 PMCID: PMC5033899 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the major target of biologic therapeutics in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been the B cell, which produces pathogenic autoantibodies. Recently, targeting type I IFN, which is elaborated by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in response to endosomal TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation by SLE immune complexes, has shown promising results. pDCs express high levels of the IL-3Rα chain (CD123), suggesting an alternative potential targeting strategy. We have developed an anti-CD123 monoclonal antibody, CSL362, and show here that it affects key cell types and cytokines that contribute to SLE. CSL362 potently depletes pDCs via antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, markedly reducing TLR7, TLR9, and SLE serum-induced IFN-α production and IFN-α-upregulated gene expression. The antibody also inhibits TLR7- and TLR9-induced plasmablast expansion by reducing IFN-α and IL-6 production. These effects are more pronounced than with IFN-α blockade alone, possibly because pDC depletion reduces production of other IFN subtypes, such as type III, as well as non-IFN proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6. In addition, CSL362 depletes basophils and inhibits IL-3 signaling. These effects were confirmed in cells derived from a heterogeneous population of SLE donors, various IFN-dependent autoimmune diseases, and healthy controls. We also demonstrate in vivo activity of CSL362 following its s.c. administration to cynomolgus monkeys. This spectrum of effects provides a preclinical rationale for the therapeutic evaluation of CSL362 in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Oon
- Division of Inflammation, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huy Huynh
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Milica Ng
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Gino Vairo
- CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Ian P. Wicks
- Division of Inflammation, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Busfield SJ, Biondo M, Wong M, Ramshaw HS, Lee EM, Ghosh S, Braley H, Panousis C, Roberts AW, He SZ, Thomas D, Fabri L, Vairo G, Lock RB, Lopez AF, Nash AD. Targeting of acute myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo with an anti-CD123 mAb engineered for optimal ADCC. Leukemia 2014; 28:2213-21. [PMID: 24705479 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically heterogeneous group of related diseases in urgent need of better therapeutic options. Despite this heterogeneity, overexpression of the interleukin (IL)-3 receptor α-chain (IL-3 Rα/CD123) on both the blast and leukemic stem cell (LSC) populations is a common occurrence, a finding that has generated wide interest in devising new therapeutic approaches that target CD123 in AML patients. We report here the development of CSL362, a monoclonal antibody to CD123 that has been humanized, affinity-matured and Fc-engineered for increased affinity for human CD16 (FcγRIIIa). In vitro studies demonstrated that CSL362 potently induces antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of both AML blasts and CD34(+)CD38(-)CD123(+) LSC by NK cells. Importantly, CSL362 was highly effective in vivo reducing leukemic cell growth in AML xenograft mouse models and potently depleting plasmacytoid dendritic cells and basophils in cynomolgus monkeys. Significantly, we demonstrated CSL362-dependent autologous depletion of AML blasts ex vivo, indicating that CSL362 enables the efficient killing of AML cells by the patient's own NK cells. These studies offer a new therapeutic option for AML patients with adequate NK-cell function and warrant the clinical development of CSL362 for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Busfield
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Biondo
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Wong
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H S Ramshaw
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - E M Lee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Ghosh
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Braley
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Panousis
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A W Roberts
- 1] Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [3] The Walter and Elisa Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Z He
- 1] Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [2] Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Thomas
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - L Fabri
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - G Vairo
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R B Lock
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A F Lopez
- The Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A D Nash
- CSL Limited, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Davies JM, Dang TD, Voskamp A, Drew AC, Biondo M, Phung M, Upham JW, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE. Functional immunoglobulin E cross-reactivity between Pas n 1 of Bahia grass pollen and other group 1 grass pollen allergens. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:281-91. [PMID: 21231976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grass pollens are major triggers of allergic rhinitis and asthma, but the immunological relationships between pollen allergens of the subtropical Bahia grass, Paspalum notatum, and temperate grasses are unresolved. OBJECTIVE To assess serum IgE cross-reactivity between subtropical P. notatum and temperate Lolium perenne (Ryegrass) pollen allergens. METHODS Serum IgE reactivities of grass pollen-allergic patients with P. notatum, L. perenne and Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) pollen extracts and their respective purified group 1 allergens, Pas n 1, Lol p 1 and Cyn d 1, were compared by immunoblotting, ELISA and basophil activation. RESULTS In a cohort of 51 patients from a temperate region, a high frequency of IgE reactivity with each grass pollen was detected, but reactivity with L. perenne pollen was substantially greater than with P. notatum and C. dactylon pollen. Similarly, serum IgE reactivity with Lol p 1 was greater than with Pas n 1 or Cyn d 1. For seven of eight sera studied in detail, asymmetric serum IgE cross-reactivity was observed; L. perenne pollen inhibited IgE reactivity with P. notatum pollen but not the converse, and IgE reactivity with Pas n 1 was inhibited by Lol p 1 but IgE reactivity with Lol p 1 was not inhibited by Pas n 1 or Cyn d 1. Importantly, P. notatum pollen and Pas n 1 activated basophils in grass pollen-allergic patients from a temperate region, although stimulation was greater by pollen of L. perenne than P. notatum or C. dactylon, and by Lol p 1 than Pas n 1 or Cyn d 1. In contrast, a cohort of 47 patients from a subtropical region showed similar IgE reactivity with P. notatum and L. perenne pollen, and reciprocal cross-inhibition of IgE reactivity between L. perenne and P. notatum. CONCLUSIONS Pollen allergens of the subtropical P. notatum, including Pas n 1, show clinically relevant IgE cross-reactivity with pollen allergens of L. perenne but also species-specific IgE reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Davies
- CRC for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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O'Hehir RE, Gardner LM, de Leon MP, Hales BJ, Biondo M, Douglass JA, Rolland JM, Sandrini A. House dust mite sublingual immunotherapy: the role for transforming growth factor-beta and functional regulatory T cells. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180:936-47. [PMID: 19696440 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200905-0686oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy is gaining popularity for treatment of allergic diseases, but underlying immunological mechanisms are unresolved. OBJECTIVES To perform detailed immunological investigation of sublingual house dust mite (HDM) immunotherapy. METHODS A 12-month randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of sublingual HDM immunotherapy in 30 HDM-allergic subjects was performed, with 1-year open extension in 9 patients on active treatment. HDM-stimulated blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for proliferation, cytokines, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) by flow cytometry and ELISA. Effects of blocking transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and IL-10 on proliferation were determined. Treg suppressor function and allergen-specific antibody levels were measured. Clinical efficacy was assessed by symptom, medication, and Juniper quality-of-life scores. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Allergen-induced CD4(+) T-cell division and IL-5 production were significantly decreased after 6- and 12-months' active treatment but not placebo. sTGF-betaRII blocked immunotherapy-induced suppression of allergen-specific T-cell proliferation, maximal at 6 months. Decreased allergen-specific CD4(+) T-cell proliferation and increased IL-10 secretion and serum Der p 2-specific IgG(4) were maximal at 24 months' active treatment. Treg (CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo)/Foxp3(+)) function was demonstrated by suppression of allergen-specific effector T-cell (CD4(+)CD25(-)CD127(hi)) proliferation and cytokine production. Clinical efficacy of immunotherapy was supported by significantly decreased rhinitis symptom score, total asthma score, and Juniper quality-of-life score. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the novel finding that TGF-beta mediates the immunological suppression seen early in clinically effective sublingual HDM immunotherapy in addition to an increase in Tregs with suppressor function. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00250263).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E O'Hehir
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Abstract
Autoimmune diseases remain a significant health problem in our society, despite the best efforts to understand and treat these conditions. Current clinical treatments are aimed at alleviating the consequences of these diseases, with limited prospects for cure. Our studies with the experimental model of autoimmune gastritis have led us to explore potential curative strategies that can reverse the autoimmune condition. Using mouse models, we have shown that expression of the known gastric autoantigen in the thymus results in immunological tolerance and resistance to the induction of autoimmune gastritis. Also, induced tolerance in donor mice can be transferred to syngeneic recipient mice by bone marrow cells. Strategies based on these observations could lead to reversal of established disease. Transfer of ensuing knowledge to the cure of serious human autoimmune diseases is our ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Central and Eastern Clinical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
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Abstract
A cardinal feature of organ-specific autoimmunity is destructive pathology in the target organ. In human and experimental models of autoimmune gastritis, mononuclear cell infiltration and cellular destruction in the gastric mucosa are disease hallmarks. Strategies to cure autoimmune disease must not only establish immunological tolerance to autoantigen, but also rid the organ of pathogenic autoreactive cells. The present study has assessed the effect of prednisolone treatment in clearing the inflammatory infiltrate in experimental autoimmune gastritis and in preventing disease relapse in athymic compared with euthymic mice. Experimental autoimmune gastritis was induced by neonatal thymectomy or by transgenic expression of GM-CSF (PC-GMCSF mice). Groups of mice were treated with prednisolone (10 mg/kg per day) for 10 weeks or with prednisolone for 10 weeks followed by 10 weeks without prednisolone. Stomachs were examined for gross morphological changes, and by histology and immunohistochemistry for composition of inflammatory infiltrate and gastric mucosal integrity. Autoantibody to gastric H+/K+ ATPase was determined by ELISA. Prednisolone promoted remission of gastritis in both mouse models of experimental autoimmune gastritis, evident by reduction in stomach size, clearing of gastric inflammatory infiltrate, and regeneration of the gastric mucosa. Prednisolone withdrawal resulted in disease relapse in all PC-GMCSF mice, whereas approximately 40% of neonatal thymectomy mice retained normal stomach morphology and remained free of gastric pathology. It is concluded that prednisolone promotes remission and gastric mucosal regeneration in experimental autoimmune gastritis. Prolonged remission of autoimmune gastritis in some athymic mice suggests a role for the thymus in disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biondo
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Monash University Central and Eastern Clinical School, Commercial Road, Prahran, Melbourne, Victoria 3181, Australia
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13
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Murphy K, Biondo M, Toh BH, Alderuccio F. Tolerance established in autoimmune disease by mating or bone marrow transplantation that target autoantigen to thymus. Int Immunol 2003; 15:269-77. [PMID: 12578857 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxg031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a significant cause of death and morbidity, affecting up to 5% of the population. At present, there is no cure. Autologous bone marrow transplantation has been promoted as a treatment for achieving disease reversal and long-term remission. However, clinical trials in progress in Europe and North America report a significant risk of relapse. Here, we have addressed whether we can establish tolerance in an active autoimmune disease model by thymic expression of autoantigen. We show that tolerance and disease resistance can indeed be established in transgenic mice that spontaneously develop granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor-induced autoimmune gastritis, by mating them with disease-resistant transgenic mice that target autoantigen to the thymus. T cells from these double-transgenic mice are non-responsive to gastric antigen in vitro and fail to initiate disease following transfer to naive recipients. Further, we show that transplantation with bone marrow from disease-resistant transgenic mice renders recipient mice with gastritis tolerant to autoantigen as shown by a dramatic fall in autoantibody levels and T cell non-responsiveness to antigen in vitro. We suggest that genetically modified bone marrow targeting autoantigen to the thymus may be used to establish tolerance and prevent relapse of autoimmune disease following autologous bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Monash University, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria, 3181 Australia
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14
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Abstract
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotrophic proinflammatory cytokine that augments adaptive immunity by linking it to innate immunity. Experimental autoimmune gastritis is an animal model of human autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anaemia. We have previously shown that GM-CSF is expressed in the gastric mucosa of mice with gastritis initiated by neonatal thymectomy (Gastroenterology 110 (1996) 1791) and that transgenic expression of GM-CSF in the stomach induces autoimmune gastritis in mice (J. Immunol. 166 (2001) 2090). Here we have examined the development of autoimmune gastritis initiated by immunisation or by neonatal thymectomy in GM-CSF deficient mice. We found that gastritis develops in GM-CSF deficient mice initiated by neonatal thymectomy but not by immunisation with gastric antigen. These observations suggest that GM-CSF is not absolutely required for the initiation of autoimmunity and highlights the different conclusions that can be drawn using different disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Alderuccio F, Sentry JW, Marshall ACJ, Biondo M, Toh BH. Animal models of human disease: experimental autoimmune gastritis--a model for autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia. Clin Immunol 2002; 102:48-58. [PMID: 11781067 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2001.5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human autoimmune gastritis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the stomach. It is characterized by the development of disease-specific autoantibodies and a pathology that specifically targets specialized cells within the gastric environment. The autoantigens associated with this disease have been defined as the gastric H+/K+ ATPase and intrinsic factor. The development of experimental disease models has been pivotal in our contemporary understanding of autoimmunity. Here we review mouse models of autoimmune gastritis and their relevance to human autoimmune gastritis associated with pernicious anemia. We appraise some historical as well as recent studies of experimental autoimmune gastritis (EAG), highlighting key findings that have formed the basis of our current understanding of the etiology and mechanism(s) associated with autoimmune gastritis. A precise understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis will permit the design of innovative and rational therapeutic strategies to prevent, arrest, ameliorate or reverse the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Alderuccio
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Commercial Road, Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia
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16
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Biondo M, Nasa Z, Marshall A, Toh BH, Alderuccio F. Local transgenic expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor initiates autoimmunity. J Immunol 2001; 166:2090-9. [PMID: 11160260 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms leading to breakdown of immunological tolerance and initiation of autoimmunity are poorly understood. Experimental autoimmune gastritis is a paradigm of organ-specific autoimmunity arising from a pathogenic autoimmune response to gastric H/K ATPase. The gastritis is accompanied by autoantibodies to the gastric H/K ATPase. The best characterized model of experimental autoimmune gastritis requires neonatal thymectomy. This procedure disrupts the immune repertoire, limiting its usefulness in understanding how autoimmunity arises in animals with intact immune systems. Here we tested whether local production of GM-CSF, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is sufficient to break tolerance and initiate autoimmunity. We generated transgenic mice expressing GM-CSF in the stomach. These transgenic mice spontaneously developed gastritis with an incidence of about 80% after six backcrosses to gastritis-susceptible BALBc/CrSlc mice. The gastritis is accompanied by mucosal hypertrophy, enlargement of draining lymph nodes and autoantibodies to gastric H/K ATPase. An infiltrate of dendritic cells and macrophages preceded CD4 T cells into the gastric mucosa. T cells from draining lymph nodes specifically proliferated to the gastric H/K ATPase. CD4 but not CD8 T cells transferred gastritis to nude mouse recipients. CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells from the spleen retained anergic suppressive properties that were reversed by IL-2. We conclude that local expression of GM-CSF is sufficient to break tolerance and initiate autoimmunity mediated by CD4 T cells. This new mouse model should be useful for studies of organ-specific autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biondo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Whiteman K, Nachtmann L, Biondo M, Formella L. Liver transplantation. Am J Nurs 1990; 90:68-72. [PMID: 2346187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Whiteman
- Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
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18
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Bourrit B, Martin-Du Pan R, Benchouk D, Biondo M, Stiksa E. Psychotic reaction after in vitro fertilization (IVF). J In Vitro Fert Embryo Transf 1988; 5:114. [PMID: 3411172 DOI: 10.1007/bf01130670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Martin-Du Pan RC, Bourrit B, Biondo M. [Treatment of male sterility by in vitro fertilization]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1987; 117:804-9. [PMID: 3109028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A pregnancy obtained through in vitro fertilization in a case of male sterility due to oligospermia with high FSH is reported. After a review of controlled studies dealing with classical andrological treatments (repair of varicocele, treatment of prostatitis and immunological sterility), the place of in vitro fertilization is evaluated in relation to intrauterine insemination using active sperm.
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