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Fujimura S, Koshiba T, Kudo G, Takeshita K, Kazama M, Karagiozov K, Fukudome K, Takao H, Ohwada H, Murayama Y, Yamamoto M, Ishibashi T, Otani K. Development of Machine Learning Model for Selecting the 1st Coil in the Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms by Coil Embolization. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38082640 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
To achieve good treatment outcomes in coil embolization for cerebral aneurysms, it is important to select an appropriate 1st coil for each aneurysm since it serves as a frame to support the subsequent coils to be deployed. However, its selection as appropriate size and length from a wide variety of lineups is not easy, especially for inexperienced neurosurgeons. We developed a machine learning model (MLM) to predict the optimal size and length of the 1st coil by learning information on patients and aneurysms that were previously treated with coil embolization successfully. The accuracy rates of the MLM for the test data were 86.3% and 83.4% in the prediction of size and length, respectively. In addition, the accuracy rates for the 30 cases showed good prediction by the MLM when compared with two different skilled neurosurgeons. Although the accuracy rate of the well-experienced neurosurgeon is similar to MLM, the inexperienced neurosurgeon showed a worse rate and can benefit from the method.Clinical Relevance- The developed MLM has the potential to assist in the selection of the 1st coil for aneurysms. A technically and cost efficient supply chain in the treatment of aneurysms may also be achieved by MLM application.
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Kazama M, Terauchi M, Odai T, Kato K, Miyasaka N. Associations of fat mass index with hot flashes and lean mass index with insomnia in middle-aged women. Climacteric 2023; 26:161-166. [PMID: 36779531 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2173566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between body composition and physical and mental symptom severity in middle-aged women. METHODS The first-visit records of 554 women aged 40-64 years were examined. The fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) were defined as fat mass and lean mass divided by the height squared, respectively. The participants were divided into two groups according to their median values. RESULTS The only menopausal symptom with significantly different severity between the high and low FMI groups was hot flashes (HF) on the Menopausal Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire. The factors associated with severe HF were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting, the FMI (kg/m2) was independently positively associated with severe HF (odds ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.15). Insomnia was the only menopausal symptom with significantly different severity between the LMI groups (defined as Athens Insomnia Scale score ≥10 points). The factors associated with moderate-to-severe insomnia were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. After adjusting, the LMI (kg/m2) was independently negatively associated with moderate-to-severe insomnia (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.94). CONCLUSIONS The FMI was positively associated with severe HF, whereas the LMI was negatively associated with moderate-to-severe insomnia in middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Terauchi
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Odai
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kato
- Department of Women's Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Smith R, Varshney LR, Nagayama S, Kazama M, Kitagawa T, Ishikawa Y. A computational neuroscience perspective on subjective wellbeing within the active inference framework. Intnl J Wellbeing 2022. [DOI: 10.5502/ijw.v12i4.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and promoting subjective wellbeing (SWB) has been the topic of increasing research, due in part to its potential contributions to health and productivity. To date, the conceptualization of SWB has been grounded within social psychology and largely focused on self-report measures. In this paper, we explore the potentially complementary tools and theoretical perspectives offered by computational neuroscience, with a focus on the active inference (AI) framework. This framework is motivated by the fact that the brain does not have direct access to the world; to select actions, it must instead infer the most likely external causes of the sensory input it receives from both the body and the external world. Because sensory input is always consistent with multiple interpretations, the brain’s internal model must use background knowledge, in the form of prior expectations, to make a “best guess” about the situation it is in and how it will change by taking one action or another. This best guess arises by minimizing an error signal representing the deviation between predicted and observed sensations given a chosen action—quantified mathematically by a variable called free energy (FE). Crucially, recent proposals have illustrated how emotional experience may emerge within AI as a natural consequence of the brain keeping track of the success of its model in selecting actions to minimize FE. In this paper, we draw on the concepts and mathematics in AI to highlight how different computational strategies can be used to minimize FE—some more successfully than others. This affords a characterization of how diverse individuals may adopt unique strategies for achieving high SWB. It also highlights novel ways in which SWB could be effectively improved. These considerations lead us to propose a novel computational framework for understanding SWB. We highlight several parameters in these models that could explain individual and cultural differences in SWB, and how they might inspire novel interventions. We conclude by proposing a line of future empirical research based on computational modelling that could complement current approaches to the study of wellbeing and its improvement.
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Kakinuma R, Moriyama N, Muramatsu Y, Gomi S, Suzuki M, Nagasawa H, Kusumoto M, Aso T, Muramatsu Y, Tsuchida T, Tsuta K, Maeshima AM, Tochigi N, Watanabe SI, Sugihara N, Tsukagoshi S, Saito Y, Kazama M, Ashizawa K, Awai K, Honda O, Ishikawa H, Koizumi N, Komoto D, Moriya H, Oda S, Oshiro Y, Yanagawa M, Tomiyama N, Asamura H. Correction: Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lung: Image Quality of a Prototype Scanner. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145357. [PMID: 26684452 PMCID: PMC4691202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Kakinuma R, Moriyama N, Muramatsu Y, Gomi S, Suzuki M, Nagasawa H, Kusumoto M, Aso T, Muramatsu Y, Tsuchida T, Tsuta K, Maeshima AM, Tochigi N, Watanabe SI, Sugihara N, Tsukagoshi S, Saito Y, Kazama M, Ashizawa K, Awai K, Honda O, Ishikawa H, Koizumi N, Komoto D, Moriya H, Oda S, Oshiro Y, Yanagawa M, Tomiyama N, Asamura H. Ultra-High-Resolution Computed Tomography of the Lung: Image Quality of a Prototype Scanner. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137165. [PMID: 26352144 PMCID: PMC4564227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The image noise and image quality of a prototype ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) scanner was evaluated and compared with those of conventional high-resolution CT (C-HRCT) scanners. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional review board. A U-HRCT scanner prototype with 0.25 mm x 4 rows and operating at 120 mAs was used. The C-HRCT images were obtained using a 0.5 mm x 16 or 0.5 mm x 64 detector-row CT scanner operating at 150 mAs. Images from both scanners were reconstructed at 0.1-mm intervals; the slice thickness was 0.25 mm for the U-HRCT scanner and 0.5 mm for the C-HRCT scanners. For both scanners, the display field of view was 80 mm. The image noise of each scanner was evaluated using a phantom. U-HRCT and C-HRCT images of 53 images selected from 37 lung nodules were then observed and graded using a 5-point score by 10 board-certified thoracic radiologists. The images were presented to the observers randomly and in a blinded manner. Results The image noise for U-HRCT (100.87 ± 0.51 Hounsfield units [HU]) was greater than that for C-HRCT (40.41 ± 0.52 HU; P < .0001). The image quality of U-HRCT was graded as superior to that of C-HRCT (P < .0001) for all of the following parameters that were examined: margins of subsolid and solid nodules, edges of solid components and pulmonary vessels in subsolid nodules, air bronchograms, pleural indentations, margins of pulmonary vessels, edges of bronchi, and interlobar fissures. Conclusion Despite a larger image noise, the prototype U-HRCT scanner had a significantly better image quality than the C-HRCT scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kakinuma
- Division of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Noriyuki Moriyama
- Division of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Muramatsu
- Division of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Gomi
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Nagasawa
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Aso
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Muramatsu
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tsuchida
- Department of Endoscopy, Respiratory Endoscopy Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naobumi Tochigi
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugihara
- Department of CT Systems Division, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tsukagoshi
- Department of CT Systems Division, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Saito
- Department of CT Systems Division, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kazama
- Department of CT Systems Division, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Otawara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ashizawa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuo Awai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University, Institute and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Osamu Honda
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Department of Radiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoya Koizumi
- Department of Radiology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hiroshima University, Institute and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Moriya
- Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seitaro Oda
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kumamoto University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuji Oshiro
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Okinawa National Hospital, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yanagawa
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyama
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisao Asamura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kazama M, Nakamura K, Morioka M, Abe T, Kobayashi K. Correlation between pulmonary injuries and DIC: an experimental analysis. Bibl Haematol 2015:107-22. [PMID: 6365072 DOI: 10.1159/000408451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Niki K, Yamamura N, Ohori Y, Kazama M, Fujikawa T, Kövér L. Theoretical study of plasmon losses from Li 1s level in core-level photoemission spectra. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Niki
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - N. Yamamura
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Y. Ohori
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - M. Kazama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - T. Fujikawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - L. Kövér
- Institute for Nuclear Research; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; 18/c Bem tér, H-4026 Debrecen Hungary
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Shinohara N, Tokumura M, Kazama M, Yonemoto Y, Yoshioka M, Kagi N, Hasegawa K, Yoshino H, Yanagi U. Indoor air quality and thermal comfort in temporary houses occupied after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Indoor Air 2014; 24:425-437. [PMID: 24354902 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thermal conditions and indoor concentrations of aldehydes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and NO2 were investigated in 19 occupied temporary houses in 15 temporary housing estates constructed in Minamisoma City, Fukushima, Japan. The data were collected in winter, spring, and summer in January to July 2012. Thermal conditions in temporary log houses in the summer were more comfortable than those in pre-fabricated houses. In the winter, the indoor temperature was uncomfortably low in all of the houses, particularly the temporary log houses. Indoor air concentrations for most aldehydes and VOCs were much lower than the indoor guidelines, except for those of p-dichlorobenzene, acetaldehyde, and total VOCs. The indoor p-dichlorobenzene concentrations exceeded the guideline (240 μg/m(3)) in 18% of the temporary houses, and the 10(-3) cancer risk level (91 μg/m(3)) was exceeded in winter in 21% due to use of moth repellents by the occupants. Indoor acetaldehyde concentrations exceeded the guideline (48 μg/m(3) ) in about half of the temporary houses, likely originating from the wooden building materials. Indoor NO2 concentrations in the temporary houses were significantly higher in houses where combustion heating appliances were used (0.17 ± 0.11 ppm) than in those where they were not used (0.0094 ± 0.0065 ppm). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS In the winter, log-house-type temporary houses are comfortable in terms of humidity, dew condensation, and fungi based on the results of questionnaires and measurements, whereas pre-fabricated temporary houses are more comfortable in terms of temperature. In the summer, log-house-type temporary houses are comfortable in terms of temperature and humidity. More comfortable temporary housing in terms of temperature and humidity year-round is needed. Indoor air concentrations of p-dichlorobenzene and NO2 were quite high in some temporary houses due to occupants’ activities, such as use of moth repellents and combustion heating appliances. The government should provide recommendations for safe use of temporary houses by occupants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shinohara
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Shinohara N, Tokumura M, Kazama M, Yoshino H, Ochiai S, Mizukoshi A. Indoor air quality, air exchange rates, and radioactivity in new built temporary houses following the Great East Japan Earthquake in Minamisoma, Fukushima. Indoor Air 2013; 23:332-41. [PMID: 23336325 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study measured air exchange rates, indoor concentrations of aldehydes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and radioactivity levels at 19 temporary houses in different temporary housing estate constructed in Minamisoma City following the Great East Japan Earthquake. The 19 surveyed houses represented all of the companies assigned to construct temporary houses in that Minamisoma City. Data were collected shortly after construction and before occupation, from August 2011 to January 2012. Mean air exchange rates in the temporary houses were 0.28/h, with no variation according to housing types and construction date. Mean indoor concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, p-dichlorobenzene, tetradecane, and total VOCs (TVOCs) were 29.2, 72.7, 14.6, 6.35, 3.05, 1.81, 7.29, 14.3, 8.32, and 901 μg/m(3), respectively. The levels of acetaldehyde and TVOCs exceeded the indoor guideline (48 μg/m(3)) and interim target (400 μg/m(3)) in more than half of the 31 rooms tested. In addition to guideline chemicals, terpenes (α-pinene and d-limonene) and acetic esters (butyl acetate and ethyl acetate) were often detected in these houses. The indoor radiation levels measured by a Geiger-Müller tube (Mean: 0.22 μSv/h) were lower than those recorded outdoors (Mean: 0.42 μSv/h), although the shielding effect of the houses was less than for other types of buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shinohara
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Mizuno T, Adachi J, Kazama M, Stener M, Decleva P, Yagishita A. Angular correlation between B K-VV Auger electrons of BF3 molecules and coincident fragment ions: manifestation of the difference between the angular correlation and molecular frame Auger electron angular distribution. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:043001. [PMID: 25166160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the angular correlation between the B K-VV Auger electrons of BF(3) molecules and the coincident fragment-ion pairs of BF(2)(+)-F(+). Then, we have found that the measured angular correlation patterns depending on the mutual angle between the light polarization direction and molecular orientation are affected by the anisotropic axis distribution of the molecular ensemble of BF(3)(+) reflecting the anisotropic nature of photon-molecule interaction. In this context, we have pointed out generally that for coincidence experiments, so-called molecular frame Auger electron angular distributions are realized only if the axis distribution of the molecular ion ensemble is isotropic.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mizuno
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - J Adachi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Kazama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - M Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Unita'di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali Unita'di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy and CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Yagishita
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK, Oho 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
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Mizuno T, Adachi J, Miyauchi N, Kazama M, Stener M, Decleva P, Yagishita A. Recoil frame photoelectron angular distributions of BF3: A sensitive probe of the shape resonance in the F 1s continuum. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3687006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tsukagoshi S, Ota T, Fujii M, Kazama M, Okumura M, Johkoh T. Improvement of spatial resolution in the longitudinal direction for isotropic imaging in helical CT. Phys Med Biol 2007; 52:791-801. [PMID: 17228121 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/52/3/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to confirm the isotropic spatial resolution of multislice CT with a 0.5 mm slice thickness. Isotropic spatial resolution means that the spatial resolution in the transaxial plane (X-Y plane) and that in the longitudinal direction (Z direction) are equivalent. To obtain point spread function (PSF) values in the X-Y-Z directions, three-dimensional voxel data were obtained by helical scanning of a bead phantom. The modulation transfer function (MTF) values were then obtained by three-dimensional Fourier transform of the PSF. Evaluation of the spatial resolution in the X-Y-Z directions by the MTF values showed that the spatial resolution in the Z direction does not depend on the reconstruction kernel used. It was also found that the spatial resolution in the Z direction, as compared with that in the X-Y plane, is superior with the standard kernel for the abdomen and is inferior with the high-definition kernel for the ears/bones. By performing sharpening filter processing in the Z direction with a high-definition kernel, comparable spatial resolution could be obtained in the X-Y-Z directions. It was confirmed that adjusting the spatial resolution in the Z direction with the reconstruction kernel used is an effective method for isotropic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Tsukagoshi
- CT Systems Development Department, Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, 1385 Shimoishigami Otawara-Shi, Tochigi 324-8550, Japan.
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Abstract
Depending on the clinical application, it is frequently necessary to tilt the gantry of an x-ray CT system with respect to the patient and couch. For single-slice fan-beam systems, tilting the gantry introduces no errors or artifacts. Most current systems, however, are helical multislice systems with up to 16 slices. The multislice helical reconstruction algorithms used to create CT images must be modified to account for tilting of the gantry. If they are not, the quality of reconstructed images will be poor with the presence of significant artifacts, such as smearing and double-imaging of anatomical structures. Current CT systems employ three primary types of reconstruction algorithms: helical fan-beam approximation, advanced single-slice rebinning, and Feldkamp-based algorithms. This paper presents a generalized helical cone-beam Feldkamp-based algorithm that is valid for both tilted and nontilted orientations of the gantry. Unlike some of the other algorithms, generalization of the Feldkamp algorithm to include gantry tilt is simple and straightforward with no significant increase in computational complexity. The effect of gantry tilt for helical Feldkamp reconstruction is to introduce a lateral shift in the isocenter of the reconstructed slice of interest, which is a function of the tilt, couch speed, and view angle. The lateral shift is easily calculated and incorporated into the helical Feldkamp backprojection algorithm. A tilt-generalized helical Feldkamp algorithm has been developed and incorporated into Aquilion 16-slice CT (Toshiba, Japan) scanners. This paper describes modifications necessary for the tilt generalization and its verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmar Hein
- Bio-Imaging Research, Inc., 425 Barclay Boulevard, Lincolnshire, Illinois 60069, USA.
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Horie S, Ishii H, Matsumoto F, Kusano M, Kizaki K, Matsuda J, Kazama M. Acceleration of thrombomodulin gene transcription by retinoic acid: retinoic acid receptors and Sp1 regulate the promoter activity through interactions with two different sequences in the 5'-flanking region of human gene. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:2440-50. [PMID: 11036068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004942200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions between retinoic acid- (RA)-dependent transcriptional regulatory sequences of the 5'-untranslated region of the thrombomodulin gene and nuclear RA-responsive proteins were studied using human pancreas BxPC-3 cells. Deletion mutants of pTM-CAT plasmid revealed the presence of distal and proximal RA-responsive regions containing direct repeat with 4 spaces (DR4) and three of four Sp1 sites, respectively. Cotransfection of a pTM-CAT plasmid with expression plasmids of RA receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma) augmented the promoter activity under the condition of lower retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXRalpha) expression, whereas the activity was greatly diminished when RXRalpha was highly expressed. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay with cDNA containing the DR4 indicated that heterodimers of RAR and RXRalpha interacted with the DR4 site, although the interaction gradually disappeared with the increase in the ratio of RXRalpha/RAR. On the other hand, Sp1 protein interacted especially with the tandem Sp1 site corresponding to the first and second Sp1 sequences of the four Sp1 sites in the proximal RA-responsive region. The binding of Sp1 to Sp1 sites was independent of RAR-RXR heterodimer but increased with the increase in Sp1 concentration in the presence of unknown factor(s) of reticulocyte lysate. Upon treatment of the cells with RA, time-dependent increases in the ratio of RARbeta to RXRalpha and the phosphorylated form of Sp1 were observed. We concluded that two genomic DNA regions, the DR4 site (-1531 to -1516) and the first and second Sp1-binding sites (-145 to -121), were involved in the RA-dependent augmentation of thrombomodulin gene expression through increased interactions of the two regions with heterodimer of RAR-RXRalpha and nuclear Sp1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Tsukui, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan.
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15
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Horie S, Hiraishi S, Hirata Y, Kazama M, Matsuda J. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein impairs the anti-coagulant function of tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor through oxidative modification by its high association and accelerated degradation in cultured human endothelial cells. Biochem J 2000; 352 Pt 2:277-85. [PMID: 11085919 PMCID: PMC1221457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
We have examined whether oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) affects the function of tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor (TFPI), an anti-coagulant regulator in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Treatment of culture medium of HUVEC with ox-LDL, but not with native or acetylated LDLs, drastically decreased the reactivity of TFPI to its antibody specific for Kunitz domain 1 or one specific for the conformation between Kunitz 1 and 2 of TFPI, and caused a rapid, concentration-dependent decrease in the functional activity of TFPI to inhibit Factor X activation. When 5 ng of recombinant TFPI (rTFPI) was mixed with 10 microg of ox-LDL for 30 min, almost all of the rTFPI was detected in the ox-LDL fraction and no free rTFPI was observed on non-denaturing PAGE, in contrast with the virtual absence of rTFPI in the native LDL fraction. Ox-LDL decreased the antigen level of TFPI in the lysate of HUVEC in a time-dependent manner. It did not affect the mRNA level, but ox-LDL-dependent reduction of the TFPI antigen level in HUVEC was reversed by the simultaneous treatment of ox-LDL with bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of the lysosomal proton pump. These results indicate that ox-LDL lessens the anti-coagulant function of TFPI through both oxidative modification and accelerated degradation of the molecule outside and inside HUVEC respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 1091-1 Suarashi, Sagamiko, Tsukui, Kanagawa 199-0195, Japan.
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the effect of milrinone on platelet aggregation was related to the selectivity of vasodilation vasculature in a swine model with PH. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce pulmonary hypertension, we injected two sets of acid-washed glass beads in 15 swine, which were divided into two groups (those receiving milrinone or not) and compared with each other. RESULTS The induction of pulmonary hypertension decreased the platelet count and increased the plasma levels of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha. CONCLUSION A locally high concentration of prostaglandin I2, at least in part, may produce selectivity of vasodilation in the pulmonary vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Trauma and Critical Care Center and Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Wada H, Sakuragawa N, Mori Y, Takagi M, Nakasaki T, Shimura M, Hiyoyama K, Nisikawa M, Gabazza EC, Deguchi K, Kazama M, Shiku H. Hemostatic molecular markers before the onset of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Am J Hematol 1999; 60:273-8. [PMID: 10203100 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(199904)60:4<273::aid-ajh4>3.0.co;2-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We retrospectively measured various hemostatic markers in 240 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) before the onset of DIC and in 110 non-DIC patients, and examined their usefulness for the diagnosis of pre-DIC. Changes in prothrombin time ratio and fibrinogen levels were not significant before the onset of DIC. The plasma levels of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products before the onset of DIC were increased and the platelet count was gradually reduced in nonleukemic patients; these changes were already significant in the non-DIC state. The plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-plasmin inhibitor complex (PPIC), D-dimer, and soluble fibrin monomer (sFM) were increased before the onset of DIC. In leukemic patients, the plasma levels of sFM on day 5, those of TAT on day 3, and D-dimer on day 1, were significantly increased before the onset of DIC. The levels of most hemostatic markers 7 days before the onset of DIC were not different from those observed in the non-DIC state. In nonleukemic patients, only D-dimer, sFM, and TAT levels were significantly increased 7 days before the onset of DIC compared with values in the non-DIC state. The positive rate of hemostatic markers for the diagnosis of DIC, TAT, and PPIC were high during the pre-DIC and non-DIC groups. The plasma levels of sFM and D-dimer were low in non-DIC and increased gradually during the pre-DIC state. These findings suggest that hemostatic molecular markers such as sFM, D-dimer, and TAT are useful for the diagnosis of pre-DIC, although their cutoff values were different among various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wada
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu-city, Mie-ken, Japan
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18
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Daimon T, Kazama M, Miyajima Y, Nakano M. Immunocytochemical localization of thrombomodulin in the aqueous humor passage of the rat eye. Histochem Cell Biol 1997; 108:121-31. [PMID: 9272431 DOI: 10.1007/s004180050153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the distribution and localization of thrombomodulin (TM) in the rat eye by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. In addition to the endothelium of the entire vasculature, TM was found on the non-vascular structures lining the cavities of the posterior and anterior chambers and the limbus. TM was localized on the basal, lateral, and apical plasma membranes of the inner and outer ciliary epithelium, and the posterior iris epithelium in which there was no polarized expression of TM. In the anterior chamber, TM was localized on the luminal surface of the corneal endothelium, but was negative on the anterior border layer of the iris, which is composed of a discontinuous layer of fibroblasts and collagen fibers. Thus, TM was present at sites of cell-to-cell contact. TM was also present on the endothelia of the trabecular meshwork and the Schlemm's canal in the limbus. TM was localized not only on the luminal plasma membrane, but also on the cytoplasmic giant vacuoles in the endothelial cells of the Schlemm's canal. These findings extend the importance of anticoagulant mechanisms to the systems of secretion, circulation, and drainage of the aqueous humor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Daimon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Horie S, Yamada M, Satoh M, Noritake S, Hiraishi S, Kizaki K, Kurusu O, Nakahara T, Ishii H, Kazama M. The potent inhibition of vapiprost, a novel thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, on the secondary aggregation and ATP release of human platelets. Biol Pharm Bull 1997; 20:625-31. [PMID: 9212979 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.20.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of vapiprost hydrochloride (vapiprost), a novel thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, on platelet aggregation and ATP release were studied using platelet rich plasma (PRP) of humans, guinea pigs, rabbits and rats. In in vitro experiments with human platelet, vapiprost inhibited the aggregation and ATP release stimulated with U-46619, collagen or arachidonic acid (AA) at an IC50 of less than 2.1 x 10(-8) M. Vapiprost did not inhibit the primary aggregation or ATP release of human platelets stimulated with adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine (Epi) or platelet activating factor (PAF), but inhibited the secondary aggregation stimulated with those agonists at an IC50 of less than 1.3 x 10(-7) M. The sensitivity of platelets in various species of animals to vapiprost was in the following order: human > or = guinea pigs > rats > rabbits. In ex vivo experiments with guinea pigs which received a single oral dose of vapiprost, the agent demonstrated strong inhibition of ATP release from platelets stimulated with U-46619, collagen or AA at an ID50 of less than 25.8 micrograms/kg. These inhibitory effects were observed within 30 min and sustained for 24 h at a single dosage of 5 mg/kg of vapiprost. In AA-induced pulmonary infarction models of mice, the sudden death rates decreased significantly with the oral administration of 10 mg/kg or more of vapiprost. These results indicate that vapiprost effectively inhibits the secondary aggregation and ATP release of human platelets stimulated with various agonists, and that guinea pig and human platelets are similar in response to vapiprost. Furthermore, it was demonstrated in ex vivo experiments with guinea pigs that the inhibitory action of vapiprost appears rapidly and lasts for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Japan
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20
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Shimazu C, Koizumi H, Nishida J, Kazama M, Miyazawa Y. [Laboratory diagnosis of congenital thrombophilia]. Rinsho Byori 1997; 45:328-33. [PMID: 9136596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the incidence of thrombophilia in deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Of 38 cases, we found 4 cases of protein C abnormality, 2 cases each of protein S abnormality and lupus anticoagulant, 1 case of antithrombin III abnormality. The total incidence was 23.7%, whereas only 2 cases (6.2%) of plasminogen abnormality were found among 32 healthy individuals. The incidence of thrombophilia was apparently higher among patients with DVT than that of healthy subjects, although the incidence of Japanese DVT was lower than that of Caucasian DVT, as previously reported. By SSCP analysis in one case of protein C abnormality, we demonstrated an abnormality of exon 9-3. To establish laboratory diagnosis of thrombophilia, it is recommended that (1) severe liver diseases, DIC, and oral anticoagulant be ruled out, (2) abnormality be confirmed by repeated examination, (3) family study determine inheritance mode, if possible. It was strongly suggested that laboratory examination of thrombophilia should be routinely applied to cases of venous thrombosis including DVT, not only for diagnostic interest but also for appropriate treatment of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shimazu
- Central Laboratory, Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo
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21
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Suzuki S, Kokubu M, Kijima Y, Maeba E, Akiyama Y, Higashi K, Amemiya N, Ohtake J, Kamei K, Yasumuro Y, Nakatake T, Sakurai N, Mochizuki K, Simazu C, Miyajima Y, Kazama M. [Improvement of inter-assay for the standardization of PT and TT--clinical significance of local standardization method]. Rinsho Byori 1997; 45:321-7. [PMID: 9136595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We performed a nationwide Inter-assay including 112 laboratories for the standardization of prothrombin time (PT) and thrombotest (TT). The data were expressed as seconds, percentile and INR. INR was expressed by 2 methods; Method I (conventional method): INR was expressed using each ISI assigned for reagent or reagent-instrument at the respective laboratories and Method II (local standardization method): INR was expressed using each reference curve created with INR assigned standard plasmas at the respective laboratories. (1) Sample distribution of PT as well as TT was the smallest with the data expressed by Method II followed by Method I and then by percentile. The data expressed by seconds was widely distributed and not useful for the standardization of PT and TT. (2) Even the sample distribution obtained by Method II was dependent on the different ISI of the reagents, as it was found that the larger the ISI of the reagents, the wider the distribution of data. (3) The difference between PT and TT of each test plasma was analysed by t-test. It was found that the difference was insignificant when both data were expressed by Method II, but significant when expressed by Method I, suggesting that PT and TT were interchangeable with the use of Method II. (4) Sample distribution of percentile expression and INR with the use of method II was compared. It was revealed that the sample distribution of INR was smaller than that of percentile. It was concluded that INR expressed by the local standardization method was most useful for the standardization of PT and TT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Central Clinical Laboratory of Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital
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22
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Ishii H, Kizaki K, Horie S, Kazama M. Oxidized low density lipoprotein reduces thrombomodulin transcription in cultured human endothelial cells through degradation of the lipoprotein in lysosomes. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:8458-65. [PMID: 8626546 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.14.8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL), a potent atherogenic lipoprotein, has been shown to cause the alteration of various endothelial functions. We have examined the effect of oxidized LDL on the cofactor activity for thrombin-dependent protein C activation and expression of thrombomodulin (TM), a cell surface antithrombotic glycoprotein, on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oxidized LDL prepared by irradiation of LDL with 254-nm ultraviolet light did not directly affect the cofactor activity of isolated TM. Exposure of the cells to oxidized LDL (25-200 microg/ml), but not native LDL and acetylated LDL, reduced TM cofactor activity in parallel with its antigen levels on the cell surface in an oxidation-, concentration- and time-dependent manner. TM mRNA levels were reduced prior to decrease in TM antigen levels and were 50% of the control levels at 3.0 h after treatment of the cells with oxidized LDL. The apparent half-life time (t1/2 = 2.8 h) of TM mRNA in the oxidized LDL-treated cells, however, did not significantly differ from that (t1/2 = 2.6 h) in the control cells when the cells were coincubated with 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, a transcriptional inhibitor. Treatment of the cells with bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor for the proton pump of the lysosomes, inhibited intracellular degradation of the LDL and prevented down-regulations of the mRNA and the cell surface TM antigen levels caused by oxidized LDL. The inhibitor molecule in oxidized LDL was shown to be a lipid; organic solvent extracts (300 mg/ml cholesterol, an equivalent concentration with lipids in 200 microg/ml oxidized LDL) of oxidized LDL inhibited expression of TM antigen to nearly the same extent as the oxidized LDL, although water extracts did not affect TM expression on the cells. These results suggested that down-regulation of TM on endothelial cells exposed to oxidized LDL resulted from inhibition of its transcription mediated by lysosomal degradation of oxidized LDL and that a lipid component in the LDL could be an active species. A decrease in TM expression on the surface of endothelial cells may contribute to promote thrombosis in atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishii
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamiko, Tsukui, Kanagawa 199-01, Japan
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23
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Hamada H, Ishii H, Sakyo K, Horie S, Nishiki K, Kazama M. The epidermal growth factor-like domain of recombinant human thrombomodulin exhibits mitogenic activity for Swiss 3T3 cells. Blood 1995; 86:225-33. [PMID: 7795228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is an anticoagulant endothelial cell surface glycoprotein containing six tandem epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like structures. We prepared a recombinant TM peptide (rTME1-6, from R214GHWA to DSGK466 of native TM) composed of these six EGF-like structures and investigated the effect of rTME1-6 peptide on the growth of the Swiss 3T3 fibroblast cell line. It was found that rTME1-6 induced proliferation of Swiss 3T3 cells and accelerated [3H]thymidine uptake into their DNA. [3H]Thymidine uptake increased in a dose-dependent manner, plateauing at 50 ng/mL rTME1-6, which was 1.8 times the control level. rTME1-6 peptide (50 ng/mL) also accelerated the DNA synthesis of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), A549 (a human lung cancer cell line), HepG2 (a human hepatocarcinoma cell line), and U937 cells (a human monocytic cell line) to 1.5, 1.6, 1.4, and 1.2 times the control level, respectively. The magnitude of the acceleration of DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 induced by rTME1-6 was approximately 20% of that of EGF on a molar basis. The uptake of [3H]thymidine was accelerated synergistically by coculture of the cells with rTME1-6 and insulin, similar to the coculture with EGF and insulin. The effects of rTME1-6 were abolished by addition of polyclonal antihuman TM IgG, whereas the actions of insulin and EGF were not influenced. Glucose uptake in Swiss 3T3 cells also increased 1.6 times over control levels by culture with 50 ng/mL rTME1-6 (1.25 nmol/L), compared with 2.7 times by 10 ng/mL EGF (1.66 nmol/L). Binding of [125I]EGF (0.5 ng/mL, 0.083 nmol/L) by the cells was inhibited by about 60% by addition of an eight-fold molar excess of nonlabeled EGF (0.664 nmol/L), whereas no inhibition of [125I]EGF binding was observed, even in the presence of a 1,000-fold molar excess (83 nmol/L) of rTME1-6. Specific binding of [125I]rTME1-6 on the cells showed a saturation curve, and the apparent concentration of rTME1-6 required for half maximum binding of the peptide on the cells was calculated to be 31.5 ng/mL. Thus, the overall results indicated that the rTME1-6 peptide had mitogenic activity for Swiss 3T3 cells, accelerated DNA synthesis and glucose uptake, and that the mitogenic activity might be mediated by binding of the peptide to a specific site different from the EGF receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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24
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Kazama M. [FDP-E fraction]. Nihon Rinsho 1995; 53 Su Pt 2:30-33. [PMID: 8753173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kazama
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
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25
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Kazama M, Miyajima Y, Wakasugi K. [Soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC)]. Nihon Rinsho 1995; 53 Su Pt 2:22-5. [PMID: 8753171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kazama
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
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26
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Miyajima Y, Kazama M. [Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP)]. Nihon Rinsho 1995; 53 Su Pt 2:26-9. [PMID: 8753172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Miyajima
- First Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine
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27
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Suzuki S, Kazama M, Fujimaki M, Usui T. [REN plot for a graphic expression method of clinical laboratory data statistics]. Rinsho Byori 1995; 43:87-96. [PMID: 7884972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory data have been processed statistically on an assumption that they formed a normal distribution curve by themselves or after their transformation. The data of clinical medicine, however, frequently form distributions different from the normal one and thus they are not exactly represented by simple statistics such as mean and standard deviation. We used non-parametric percentiles(pct) as parameters for an improved expression of data distributions. The parameters used in this method are as follows: mean, 50 pct as median, 25 and 75pct as a concentration indicator, 5 and 95pct as a 90 percent central range, 2.5 and 97.5pct as a 95 percent central range, and minimum and maximum data as a distribution range. These indicators were presented on a new form of box-and-whisker plot. This expression was named as REN plot. Our method was compared to the other statistical expression methods using the data of control surveys of Factor IX activity of normal plasmas and prothrombin time of abnormal standard plasmas as well as APTT of abnormal plasma measured for intra-laboratory quality control. It was found that any form of data distribution, normal or abnormal, was precisely expressed in detail and the gradient of data densities were visually plotted by our method. Also neither the median, central range nor distribution range was influenced by extreme values. It was concluded that REN plot was useful expression for the statistical analysis of clinical laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yokosuka Kyosai Hospital
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28
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Kizaki K, Ishii H, Horie S, Kazama M. Thrombomodulin induction by all-trans retinoic acid is independent of HL-60 cells differentiation to neutrophilic cells. Thromb Haemost 1994; 72:573-7. [PMID: 7878635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The expression of thrombomodulin (TM), an antithrombotic factor, was investigated during neutrophilic differentiation of the HL-60 human myeloblastic cell line treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Differentiation of the cells into neutrophilic cells progressed in a time- and dose-dependent fashion with ATRA or DMSO, as confirmed by the characteristic appearance of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and phagocytic activities, without induction of nonspecific esterase activity. TM antigen and cofactor activity for thrombin-dependent protein C activation were not detected in untreated HL-60 cells and the cells cultured with DMSO, but were expressed in a time-dependent manner in the cells cultured with ATRA. The level of TM expression in the HL-60 cells was not dose-dependent on ATRA concentrations, but maximum TM expression was obtained at 10(-7) M ATRA. TM expression levels decreased in cells cultured with greater than 10(-6) M ATRA, although the extent of cell differentiation into neutrophilic cells progressed at the higher ATRA concentrations. Since the TM antigen levels in the ATRA-treated cells also paralleled the TM mRNA levels, the data suggests that TM induction in the HL-60 cells cultured with ATRA reflected the levels of TM biosynthesis and was independent of HL-60 differentiation into neutrophilic cells. It was postulated that the appearance of TM with cofactor activity in neutrophilic cells differentiated from leukemic cells may contribute to prevention of vascular thrombosis in differentiation therapy of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia by ATRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kizaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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29
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Horie S, Ishii H, Hara H, Kazama M. Enhancement of thrombin-thrombomodulin-catalysed protein C activation by phosphatidylethanolamine containing unsaturated fatty acids: possible physiological significance of phosphatidylethanolamine in anticoagulant activity of thrombomodulin. Biochem J 1994; 301 ( Pt 3):683-91. [PMID: 8053894 PMCID: PMC1137043 DOI: 10.1042/bj3010683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of phospholipid vesicles and their fatty acid compositions on the acceleration of Protein C activation by thrombin-thrombomodulin was studied in vitro. Four main phospholipid fractions were prepared from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and purified thrombomodulin from human placenta was reconstituted into vesicles consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) alone, PtdCho plus phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), PtdCho plus phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and PtdCho plus PtdIns (1:1, w/w in each case). Vesicles of PtdCho, PtdIns/PtdCho, PtdSer/PtdCho and PtdEtn/PtdCho increased thrombin-thrombomodulin-catalysed protein C activation by 1.2-, 1.9-, 4.3- and 8.4-fold respectively compared with that in the absence of phospholipid. This Protein C activation was not affected by distearoyl PtdEtn/distearoyl PtdCho, whereas it was markedly increased with increasing content of unsaturated fatty acid in PtdEtn. The thrombin-dependent Protein C activation by thrombomodulin reconstituted into dilinolenoyl PtdEtn/distearoyl PtdCho was 14.6 times that by thrombomodulin reconstituted into distearoyl PtdEtn/distearoyl PtdCho, as a result of a decrease in the dissociation constant (Kd) for thrombin and the Michaelis constant (Km) for Protein C of thrombomodulin. Binding of Protein C to PtdEtn/PtdCho fixed to a microwell plate required the presence of CaCl2 and increased with increasing degree of unsaturation of fatty acid in PtdEtn. As PtdEtn appeared on the outside of the plasma membrane in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells after thrombin stimulation, it was presumed that Protein C activation could be elevated by PtdEtn at the outer surface of the plasma membrane via an increased affinity between thrombomodulin, thrombin and Protein C, resulting from both increased formation of the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex via a conformational change in thrombomodulin and increased binding of Protein C to the membrane phospholipid in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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30
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Matsuda J, Tsukamato M, Gotoh M, Gohchi K, Saitoh N, Miyajima Y, Kazama M. Increased levels of total and free protein S in hemophiliacs irrespective of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. Am J Hematol 1994; 46:163-4. [PMID: 8172193 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830460230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Kizaki K, Naito S, Horie S, Ishii H, Kazama M. Different thrombomodulin induction in monocytic, macrophagic and neutrophilic cells differentiated from HL-60 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 193:175-81. [PMID: 8389144 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) antigen and its cofactor activity for thrombin-dependent protein C activation were not detected in the untreated HL-60 human promyelocytic cell line, but appeared in cells cultured with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25(OH)2D3: 10-1,000 nM) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA: 0.1-10 nM) accompanied by an increase in TM mRNA levels. The induction of TM increased in parallel with the appearances of both nonspecific esterase activity, a typical marker of monocyte/macrophage lineages, and phagocytic activity. The TM antigen level induced in 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3-treated cells was 8 times higher than that in PMA-treated cells. Trace amounts of TM antigen were induced in neutrophilic cells differentiated from HL-60 by treatment with retinoic acid. These results indicated that different levels of TM were induced in monocytic, macrophagic and neutrophilic cells differentiated from HL-60 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kizaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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32
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Matsuda J, Wakasugi K, Saitoh N, Tsukamoto M, Miyajima Y, Kazama M, Asami K, Hashimoto M. Low beta 2-glycoprotein I levels in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Am J Hematol 1993; 42:234-5. [PMID: 8438890 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830420224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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Akizawa T, Koshikawa S, Ota K, Kazama M, Mimura N, Hirasawa Y. Nafamostat mesilate: a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis in patients at high risk for bleeding. Nephron Clin Pract 1993; 64:376-81. [PMID: 8341382 DOI: 10.1159/000187357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
107 hemodialysis patients at high risk for intradialytic bleeding due to previous surgery or active bleeding from other sites were treated with nafamostat mesilate (FUT-175; FUT) as hemodialysis anticoagulant for 2 weeks. In contrast to heparin. FUT prolonged clotting times only in the extracorporeal circuit. Clotting times were not prolonged even at the conclusion of the treatment, and bleeding from the puncture site after removal of the needle was shorter than with heparin. The exacerbation of bleeding by hemodialysis was noted in only 21 out of 573 hemodialysis procedures (3.7%), and 134 of 145 hemodialysis procedures (92.4%) with active bleeding were successfully completed without increasing the bleeding. Adverse effects of FUT were noted in only 6 cases (5.6%) or 1.2% of HD procedures. These results indicate that FUT is a very useful anticoagulant for HD, especially in patients with high risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akizawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
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34
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Ishii H, Suzuki Y, Horie S, Nakagawa M, Kazama M. Participation of calpain I activation in the ATP release reaction of platelets stimulated with thrombin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1175:37-43. [PMID: 1482695 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4889(92)90007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic activation of calpain (calcium-dependent neutral protease) I in thrombin-stimulated platelets was determined by following the production of the 76- and 78-kDa forms from the 80-kDa subunit of calpain I as measured by immunoblotting using monospecific antibody to human calpain I, and the correlation between the extents of calpain I activation and ATP release was investigated. When platelets were stimulated with thrombin in the range from 0.01 to 0.5 U/ml, the maximal 60% activation of calpain I was achieved within 15 s after the stimulation, and ATP release began after the maximal activation had been reached. The extent of ATP release decreased in parallel with the decrease in activation ratio of calpain I on treatment of platelets with EGTA or EST, a membrane-permeable inhibitor of calpain. Although pretreatment of platelets with EST did not affect the thrombin-dependent elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, both the inhibition of calpain I activation and the reduction of ATP release were observed as a function of EST concentration. These results suggest that calpain I participates in one of the processes leading to the ATP release reaction of platelets stimulated with thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishii
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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35
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Ishii H, Horie S, Kizaki K, Kazama M. Retinoic acid counteracts both the downregulation of thrombomodulin and the induction of tissue factor in cultured human endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor. Blood 1992; 80:2556-62. [PMID: 1330076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) shift the hemostatic balance of endothelial cell surfaces in favor of prothrombotic properties by downregulating thrombomodulin (TM) and inducing tissue factor (TF) expression. We investigated the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the prothrombotic properties of cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to TNF-alpha. The approximate 50% downregulation of TM antigen and cofactor activity induced by TNF-alpha (10 U/mL for 24 hours) was completely prevented when the cells were coincubated with both TNF-alpha and 10 mumol/L RA. In accordance with changes in cell surface TM antigen levels, the 70% decrease in TM messenger RNA (mRNA) induced by TNF-alpha was also prevented by 10 mumol/L RA. TNF-alpha induced TF activity of lysed cells (100-fold greater than untreated controls), an effect prevented when the cells were coincubated with both the TNF-alpha and 10 mumol/L RA. The 34-fold increase in TF mRNA levels induced by TNF-alpha (10 U/mL for 3 hours) was only two-fold in the presence of both TNF-alpha and RA. The effects of RA on the regulation of TM and TF expression in the cells exposed to TNF-alpha was dose-dependent from 0.01 to 10 mumol/L RA. The present results suggest that RA may affect on the mRNA level to alter TM and TF expression, effectively counteracting expression of prothrombotic properties of endothelial cells induced by inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishii
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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36
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Kawakami M, Kitani A, Hara M, Harigai M, Suzuki K, Kawaguchi Y, Ishii H, Kazama M, Kawagoe M, Nakamura H. Plasma thrombomodulin and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex are elevated in active systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1992; 19:1704-9. [PMID: 1337109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasma levels of thrombomodulin and alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex were measured by ELISA in patients with rheumatic diseases. Thrombomodulin levels in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were significantly higher than those in patients with inactive SLE or in healthy controls. This suggests that thrombomodulin, normally a component of vascular endothelial cell membrane, is easily released to plasma in patients with active SLE. High titers of the thrombomodulin level and the correlated alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex elevations imply vascular injury, and consequently, excessive fibrinolytic processes in active SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kawakami
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
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37
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Kazama M, Kobayashi K, Tahara C, Miyajima Y, Endo Y, Tanaka H, Nakatani T, Tajimi K. [Improving effect of the synthetic protease inhibitor E-3123 on experimental DIC in dogs]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1992; 100:47-58. [PMID: 1644370 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.100.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe syndrome associated with generalized, intractable bleeding and multiple organ failure. Synthesized protease inhibitors such as gabexate mesilate and nafamostat mesilate show an improving effect on DIC, which develops by a chain reaction involving the coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement and kallikrein systems. Experimental DIC was developed in Beagle dogs by infusion of 150 U/kg tissue thromboplastin (Group I), and the improving effect of a new synthetic protease inhibitor, E-3123, was examined. The following groups of animals were treated with drugs: Group II (n = 4) was given with 5 mg/kg/hr of E-3123; group III (n = 4) was given 10 mg/kg/hr of E-3123; and group IV was given 6 mg/kg/hr of gabexate mesilate (GM). Although improvement of the hemodynamics or peripheral circulation was not apparent, a slight, but insignificant, improvement of lactate/pyruvate was noted in the treated groups. On the other hand, the hemostatic abnormalities such as prolongation of prothrombin time and activated thromboplastin time; decreases of platelet count, fibrinogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin; and increases of fibrin degradation products were significantly improved in the treated groups. These results indicate that E-3123 is effective for improving experimental DIC, and it is suggested that E-3123 is applicable for the treatment of clinical DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kazama
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Kuboki M, Ishii H, Horie S, Kazama M. Procalpain I in cytoplasm is translocated onto plasma and granule membranes during platelet stimulation with thrombin and then activated on the membranes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 185:1122-7. [PMID: 1627133 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin stimulation of platelets resulted in changes in the subcellular localization of calpain I, with a concomitant alteration of its molecular weight as measured by immunoblotting. Calpain I in resting platelets was distributed as procalpain I, an 80 kDa form which does not exhibit the enzyme activity, and 83% of the total antigen was localized in the cytosol fraction. When platelets were stimulated with thrombin, the total content of calpain I antigen was not significantly changed as compared with that of the resting platelets, though a decrease in the cytosolic distribution of 80 kDa form (from 83% to 47% of the total antigen) was observed with concomitant appearance of the active 76 kDa and intermediate 78 kDa forms of calpain I and increase in the 80 kDa form in the granule and membrane fractions. These results indicated that calpain I was translocated from the cytosol to both the plasma and granule membranes as procalpain I and then activated on the membranes during platelet stimulation with thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kuboki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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39
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Ishii H, Suzuki Y, Kuboki M, Morikawa M, Inoue M, Kazama M. Activation of calpain I in thrombin-stimulated platelets is regulated by the initial elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Biochem J 1992; 284 ( Pt 3):755-60. [PMID: 1622393 PMCID: PMC1132603 DOI: 10.1042/bj2840755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The source and concentration of Ca2+ required to activate calpain I were investigated in thrombin-stimulated platelets. The concentration of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was measured in platelets containing fura-2-AM, and exhibited a biphasic response after stimulation with 0.05, 0.1 or 0.5 NIH units of thrombin/ml. An initial transient elevation, which was predominantly dependent upon Ca2+ released from the internal stores into the cytosol, peaked at 15 s after stimulation, and a secondary sustained elevation, which was due to Ca2+ influx, was observed following the initial elevation. Calpain I was present at about 540 ng/10(8) unstimulated platelets, as measured by immunoblotting using rabbit anti-(human calpain I) IgG. Calpain I was activated 10 s after thrombin stimulation, as determined by the appearance of the 78 kDa and 76 kDa forms on immunoblots. The activation ratio of calpain I was calculated as the amount of the 78 + 76 kDa forms as a percentage of the total (80 + 78 + 76 kDa), and was influenced by the extent of the initial transient [Ca2+]i elevation after stimulation. An initial increase in [Ca2+]i of 300 nM was required to achieve the maximal activation (60%) of calpain I, and half-maximal activation occurred at 160 nM- Ca2+]i. These results suggest that the activation of calpain I in platelets is regulated by the initial elevation in Ca2+]i after thrombin stimulation, and does not necessarily require a Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishii
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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40
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Ishii H, Horie S, Kazama M. [Phospholipid enhancement of thrombomodulin coenzyme activity in protein C activation]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1992; 33:745-9. [PMID: 1331560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Suzuki K, Ishii H, Horie S, Kazama M, Yamamoto K, Matsushita T, Kobayashi I, Hamaoka S, Maruyama Y, Soezima Y. [Proteins C,S and C4bp--their structures and functions]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1992; 33:741-4. [PMID: 1433912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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42
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Horie S, Kizaki K, Hiraishi S, Ishii H, Kazama M. [Abnormal expression of regulation factors in endothelial cells for thrombosis and a control for the expression]. Rinsho Byori 1992; Suppl 92:167-77. [PMID: 1316497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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43
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Uchiyama H, Ohtani H, Hiraishi S, Horie S, Ishii H, Kazama M. Changes in plasma thrombomodulin antigen in rabbit developing endotoxin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation and the effect of heparin. Thromb Res 1992; 65:593-604. [PMID: 1319618 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(92)90209-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Soluble thrombomodulin (TM) antigen level was 1.64 +/- 0.64 microgram/ml (n = 18, mean +/- S.D.) in plasma of normal male rabbits as measured by enzyme immunoassay, and the antigen consisted of subspecies of 94, 83 and 51 kd. When disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was induced by intravenous infusion of endotoxin into rabbits, the TM antigen level in plasma was elevated to about 1.5 times of the control value, and an increase in the 83 kd subspecies as well as the appearance of new subspecies of 76 and 48 kd was observed concomitantly with disappearance of the 94 kd subspecies in plasma. Elevation of the antigen level and disappearance of the 94 kd subspecies caused by infusion of endotoxin were reduced by simultaneous infusion of heparin. Addition of leukocytes stimulated with endotoxin plus FMLP to cultured endothelial cells induced release of TM antigen to the medium accompanying cell injury as measured by 51Cr release, which was prevented by treatment with heparin. It was suggested that the increase in plasma TM antigen level in parallel with the generation of DIC reflected endothelial injury of rabbits, and that the elevation of TM antigen and the endothelial cell injury were prevented by heparin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Uchiyama
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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44
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Horie S, Kizaki K, Ishii H, Kazama M. Retinoic acid stimulates expression of thrombomodulin, a cell surface anticoagulant glycoprotein, on human endothelial cells. Differences between up-regulation of thrombomodulin by retinoic acid and cyclic AMP. Biochem J 1992; 281 ( Pt 1):149-54. [PMID: 1370608 PMCID: PMC1130653 DOI: 10.1042/bj2810149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a surface protein on endothelial cells, and represents one of the most valuable regulatory factors in the anticoagulant system. In this paper, we demonstrate that retinoic acid (RA) causes an increase in TM antigen on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. The effect of RA on the surface TM level of HUVECs was dose-dependent in the range from 0.01 to 10 microM-RA. Antigen levels began to increase 3 h after addition of 10 microM-RA, and plateaued at a maximum level of approx. 2.5 times that of the untreated control at 24 h. TM levels remained at a maximum for a further 12 h, and then gradually decreased. The effects of RA on cell surface TM activity and antigen levels were parallel in all experiments. TM expression was also increased by treatment with 10 microM-retinal or 10 microM-retinol for 24 h, though the increases were approx. 70% and 30% respectively of that produced by 10 microM-RA. Pretreatment of HUVECs with cycloheximide inhibited the effect of RA. When HUVECs were incubated with both 10 microM-RA and 5 mM-8-bromo cyclic AMP (or 1 mM-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor), the increase in TM antigen was greater than that observed with either compound alone. Northern blot analysis showed that treatment of HUVECs with 8-bromo cyclic AMP, RA or RA plus 8-bromo cyclic AMP increased TM mRNA levels by 2.2-, 4.5- and 5.5-fold respectively compared with the untreated control. Furthermore, no significant difference in cellular cyclic AMP levels was observed between RA-treated and control cells. These results indicate that the expression of TM is not only controlled by the intracellular cyclic AMP level but is also affected by RA, and suggest that RA-induced up-regulation of TM on HUVECs is independent of cyclic AMP regulation.
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MESH Headings
- 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology
- Blotting, Northern
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Dactinomycin/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Humans
- Kinetics
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/isolation & purification
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/drug effects
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Thrombin
- Retinaldehyde/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Umbilical Veins
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Vitamin A/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- S Horie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
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45
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Ishii H, Suzuki Y, Kuboki M, Kazama M. [Intracellular Ca2+ behavior and activation of calpain-I in activated platelets]. Nihon Rinsho 1992; 50:274-81. [PMID: 1613981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A relationship between intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and calpain-I activation and change in subcellular localization of the enzyme in activated platelets were investigated. The [Ca2+]i exhibited a biphasic response after stimulation with thrombin. Activation of calpain-I was measured by determination of the appearance of active 76 and 78 kDa forms accompanying the disappearance of the 80 kDa form, the inactive form, on immunoblots. Calpain-I was activated dependent on the extent of the initial elevation of [Ca2+]i. For maximum activation (60%) 300-500 nM [Ca2+]i was required and half-maximal activation occurred at 160-220 nM [Ca2+]i. The active 76 kDa form was observed only in the fraction containing subcellular organelles and plasma membrane of activated platelets. It was demonstrated that the localization of calpain-I was changed from the cytosol to the membrane and calpain-I was activated on the membrane by Ca2+, elevated through the initial elevation after activation of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishii
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University
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46
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Sawada K, Yamamoto H, Matsumoto K, Yago H, Suehiro S, Tahara C, Ishii H, Kazama M, Abe T. Changes in thrombomodulin level in plasma of endotoxin-infused rabbits. Thromb Res 1992; 65:199-209. [PMID: 1315990 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(92)90240-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the plasma thrombomodulin (TM) level were examined in endotoxin-infused rabbits. The plasma TM level in normal rabbits was 143.8 +/- 8.4 ng/ml (n = 67) and the molecular weight of the major TM was about 55 kd. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS, E. Coli B8:0127) was intravenously infused. LPS infusion increased the plasma TM level dose-dependently between 0.2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg. When 5 mg/kg LPS was infused, the plasma TM level started to increase immediately and was 2.3 times higher than the control value within 1 hr. The molecular weight of the major TM was about 75 kd. This rapid increase in TM occurred before the decrease in fibrinogen content and the prolongation of prothrombin time. To examine the effect of circulating leukocytes on the TM increase in endotoxin-infused rabbits, 5 mg/kg LPS was infused into rabbits with leukocytopenia induced by X-ray irradiation. The maximum plasma level of TM was significantly lower than in the untreated rabbits given LPS. These data suggest that the increase in plasma TM is caused by LPS-stimulated leukocyte's prior to hemostaseological changes. It is well known that endothelial cells can be injured by stimulated leukocytes, so this increase in plasma TM probably reflects the deterioration of endothelial cells. This deterioration decreases the ability of endothelial cells to inhibit thrombosis, which would, in turn, contribute to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation in endotoxin-infused rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sawada
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Hyogo, Japan
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47
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Matsuda J, Tsukamoto M, Gohchi K, Saitoh N, Miyajima Y, Kazama M. Effect of total-body cold exposure on plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor, endothelin-1 and thrombomodulin in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with or without Raynaud's phenomenon. Acta Haematol 1992; 88:189-93. [PMID: 1337960 DOI: 10.1159/000204684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of total-body cold exposure on plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin-1 (ET) and thrombomodulin (TM), all of which are considered to be generated from the endothelium, was studied in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without Raynaud's phenomenon. The plasma levels of vWF, ET and TM in SLE patients, irrespective of the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon, were significantly higher than in normal controls even before the cold provocation test. After the cold provocation test, plasma levels of vWF and ET were significantly higher in SLE patients with Raynaud's phenomenon than in those without and in normal controls. No significant increase in TM was observed in either the SLE patients or the controls. These results suggest that SLE patients, regardless of the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon, are in a hypercoagulable state and that this state may be further intensified by cold exposure. Hence, it is concluded that we should consider antithrombotic therapy for SLE patients, especially those with Raynaud's phenomenon, to prevent unwanted activation of the coagulation system and possible endothelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matsuda
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Matsuda J, Kawasugi K, Gohchi K, Saitoh N, Tsukamoto M, Kazama M, Kinoshita T. Clinical significance of the venous occlusion test on systemic lupus erythematosus patients with a focus on changes in blood levels of tissue plasminogen activator, von Willebrand factor antigen, and thrombomodulin. Acta Haematol 1992; 88:22-6. [PMID: 1329422 DOI: 10.1159/000204590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the clinical significance of the venous occlusion (VO) test on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with or without circulating lupus anticoagulant (LA) concerning whether changes in the blood coagulation and fibrinolysis system in vivo subsequent to VO reflect mechanical stimulation of the endothelium or presence/development of endothelial damage. The tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA:Ag) before VO was much lower in the LA-positive patients than in the LA-negative ones (p < 0.01) and the von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) pre-VO was significantly higher in the patient group, regardless of LA status, than in the control group (p < 0.01). But the mean increment in tPA:Ag and VWF:Ag post-VO, when expressed as the percentage of the baseline level, showed no appreciable difference between LA-positive and -negative groups. Thrombomodulin (TM) basically, on the other hand, was higher in the patients of either LA status than in the controls (p < 0.01) with a significant post-VO increase in the SLE group, which was more marked in the LA-positive patients, against no substantial change in the controls (p < 0.01). It is known that tPA and VWF:Ag are released simply as a result of endothelial stimulation and that the release of TM is preceded by endothelial damage. Based on the present results, we may well conclude that (1) the endothelium is functionally intact in SLE patients, (2) an injury of the endothelium, possibly as a consequence of vasculitis, preexists in LA-positive patients, and thus to measure the TM response to VO would offer a helpful tool in diagnosing the preexisting endothelial damage in these clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matsuda
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Kazama M. [Progress on thrombolytic treatment]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 1991; 80:885-90. [PMID: 1919203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tahara
- Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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