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Guerra A, De Marchi M, Niero G, Chiarin E, Manuelian CL. Application of a short-wave pocket-sized near-infrared spectrophotometer to predict milk quality traits. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3413-3419. [PMID: 38246541 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Portable handheld devices based on near-infrared (NIR) technology have improved and are gaining popularity, even if their implementation in milk has been barely evaluated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of using short-wave pocket-sized NIR devices to predict milk quality. A total of 331 individual milk samples from different cow breeds and herds were collected in 2 consecutive days for chemical determination and spectral collection by using 2 pocket-sized NIR spectrophotometers working in the range of 740 to 1,070 nm. The reference data were matched with the corresponding spectrum and modified partial least squares regression models were developed. A 5-fold cross-validation was applied to evaluate individual device performance and an external validation with 25% of the dataset as the validation set was applied for the final models. Results revealed that both devices' absorbance was highly correlated but greater for instrument A than B. Thus, the final models were built by averaging the spectra from both devices for each sample. The fat content prediction model was adequate for quality control with a coefficient of determination (R2ExV) and a residual predictive deviation (RPDExV) in external validation of 0.93 and 3.73, respectively. Protein and casein content as well as fat-to-protein ratio prediction models might be used for a rough screening (R2ExV >0.70; RPDExV >1.73). However, poor prediction models were obtained for all the other traits with an R2ExV between 0.43 (urea) and 0.03 (SCC), and a RPDExV between 1.18 (urea) and 0.22 (SCC). In conclusion, short-wave portable handheld NIR devices accurately predicted milk fat content, and protein, casein, and fat-to-protein ratio might be applied for rough screening. It seems that there is not enough information in this NIR region to develop adequate prediction models for lactose, SCC, urea, and freezing point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Guerra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Giovanni Niero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Elena Chiarin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Carmen L Manuelian
- Group of Ruminant Research (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Guerra A, Costa A, De Marchi M, Righi F, Simoni M, Manuelian CL. The effects of dietary iodine content, milking system, and farming practices on milk iodine concentration and quality traits. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2143-2155. [PMID: 37977439 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Various management practices can influence milk quality traits in dairy cattle. As an example, an increasing investment in automatic milking system to substitute milking parlors has been observed in the last 2 decades in dairy farms which could have affected certain bulk milk quality traits. What is more, milking practices can also affect certain milk parameters; as an example, teat disinfectants containing I are used in commercial farms where pre- or postdipping is performed, leading to presence of some I in the bulk milk. However, this trace mineral is also supplied in cows' diet to fulfill their nutritional requirements, partly contributing to the milk I final concentration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sources of variation of milk I along with other traditional milk quality traits. A total of 91 dairy farms in northeastern Italy were enrolled in the study. In each farm, diet and bulk milk samples were collected on the same day for chemical analysis. Concentration of I, in particular, was determined in both milk and feed with gold standard. Pearson correlations were calculated among the traits available for milk and diet, and a general linear model was used to test significance of fixed effects (feeding system, milking system, farming system, herd size, herd stage of lactation, and sampling month) on milk quality traits including the I concentration. In the case of milk I, diet I and presence of I-based predipping and postdipping teat disinfect application were also tested as fixed effects. Results showed a positive linear correlation between milk and diet I content (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.78). Although milk I was also positively correlated with lactose content (r = 0.25), dietary I was not correlated with other milk traits. Milk I content was significantly affected by dietary I, I-based predipping teat disinfectant application, and herd composition. Compared with conventional farms, organic farms showed lower protein content and greater somatic cell score (SCS) but similar milk I. Milking system significantly affected only lactose content and SCS of milk. Sampling month was only significant for milk urea nitrogen and herd composition, feeding system, herd size, and herd average days in milk did not modify milk gross composition and SCS. In conclusion, dietary supply of I is the main factor affecting milk I concentration and findings suggest that I level in milk can be naturally improved in dairy cows by modulating the I content in the diet administered. However, further research is needed to evaluate the effect of I-based sanitizers on milk I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Guerra
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Marica Simoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Carmen L Manuelian
- Group of Ruminant Research (G2R), Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Santinello M, Rampado N, Penasa M, Hocquette JF, Pethick D, De Marchi M. The Meat Standards Australia carcass grading site affects assessment of marbling and prediction of meat-eating quality in growing European beef cattle. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109501. [PMID: 38574653 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The lack of consumer feedback on beef eating quality contributes to reduced beef consumption in Europe. The Meat Standards Australia (MSA) grading scheme can assess the palatability of beef carcasses usually graded at the 10th thoracic vertebrae. However, the European beef industry relies on late-maturing breeds usually cut at the 5th vertebrae due to commercial reasons. Data from 55 young bulls and heifers of late-maturing breeds were collected in an Italian slaughterhouse following the MSA guidelines at both carcass grading sites and sides. Intramuscular fat levels were assessed through two scores and used with other variables to feed the MSA model, which predicts the MSA index, the meat-eating quality scores (MQ4) for 5 muscles and for each carcass grading site × side combination. The scores were analyzed using a mixed linear model. A correlation analysis was conducted to predict the variables measured at the 10th site using their correspondent at the 5th carcass grading site. A stepwise regression was conducted to understand the weight of each measured variable on marbling and MQ4 scores measured both at 5th and 10th carcass grading sites. Results showed significantly higher value for the studied traits at the 5th carcass grading site, while carcass side had no significant impact. The equations had high predictive capability and MSA marbling score played a key role in explaining the variability across carcass grading sites. The differences in marbling and MQ4 scores between the carcass grading sites suggest considering this factor if the MSA grading system will be applied to Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santinello
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Nicola Rampado
- Associazione Zootecnica Veneta (AZOVE), Via del Macello 9, 35013 Cittadella, PD, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Jean-François Hocquette
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - David Pethick
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Animal Production and Health, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Santinello M, De Marchi M, Scali F, Lorenzi V, Romeo C, Alborali GL, Fusi F, Penasa M. Effects of vaccination timing and target pathogens on performances and antimicrobial use in long-transported Charolais beef cattle from France to Italy - A retrospective study. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106130. [PMID: 38335832 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial use (AMU) in the livestock sector is a major driver of antimicrobial resistance. Italian beef industry strongly relies on the import of young cattle from France, which are commingled in sorting facilities before transportation to Italy. Both commingling and transportation are stressors for animals and lead to higher risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which in turn increases the risk of AMU. This study aimed to investigate how the timing of first BRD vaccination and the different vaccination target pathogens affect AMU and performance of young Charolais beef cattle imported from France to Italy. Information on animal performance, antimicrobial treatments, and vaccinations was available for 60,726 Charolais cattle belonging to 1449 batches in 33 Italian specialised fattening farms between January 2016 and December 2021. Antimicrobial use was estimated using the treatment incidence 100 adapted for Italy (TI100it). A mixed linear model was used to quantify the effects of the vaccination and the time of first administration on slaughter age, carcase weight, and average daily carcase gain. Similarly, a generalised linear mixed model was used to analyse the TI100it. The vaccination programme was usually applied the first day after the animals' arrival to the Italian fattening farms. Most animals were vaccinated with a polyvalent vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI-3), bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 and 2 (BVDV), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). The most used class of antimicrobials to treat BRD were the macrolides, followed by aminoglycosides, amphenicols, tetracyclines, aminopenicillins, and fluoroquinolones. Animals that got vaccinated against any of the considered BRD pathogens upon arrival had significantly lower TI100it, greater average daily carcase gain, and reached slaughter age earlier than animals that got vaccinated later. Animals that received the vaccination against BVDV had lower TI100it and greater average daily carcase gain, and animals that received the vaccination against BRSV were younger at slaughter than unvaccinated animals. The vaccination against Mannheimia haemolytica significantly decreased the slaughter age and increased the carcase weight and average daily carcase gain, and the vaccination against PI-3 and Histophilus somni significantly increased the slaughter age. Thus, even if the vaccination programme is essential to tackle BRD, this practice is questionable if applied at arrival to the Italian fattening farms and it is advisable that the vaccination programme is planned before the commingling procedure in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santinello
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Lorenzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fusi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Goi A, Costa A, De Marchi M. The ability of a handheld near-infrared spectrometer for a rapid quality assessment of bovine colostrum including the Ig G concentration. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00493-4. [PMID: 38395397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Portable infrared-based instruments have made significant contributions in different research fields. Within the dairy supply chain, for example, most of portable devices are based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and are nowadays an important support for farmers and operators of the dairy sector, allowing fast decision-making, particularly for feed and milk quality evaluation and animal health and welfare monitoring. The affordability, portability, and ease of use of these innovative devices have been pivotal factors for the implementation in dairy farms. In fact, pocket-sized devices enable non-expert users to perform quick, low cost and non-destructive analysis on various samples without complex preparation. As bovine colostrum (BC) quality is mostly given by the Ig G (IgG) level, evaluating the ability of portable NIRS tools to measure antibodies concentration is advisable. In this study we used the wireless device SCiO manufactured by Consumer Physics Inc. (Tel Aviv, Israel) to collect BC spectra and then attempt to predict IgG concentration and gross and fine composition in individual samples collected as soon as possible after calving (<6 h) in primiparous and pluriparous Holstein cows farmed in 9 Italian farms. Chemometric analyses revealed that SCiO has promising predictive performance for colostral IgG concentration, total Ig concentration, fat, and AA (R2CV ≥ 0.75). Excellent accuracy was observed for dry matter, protein, and S prediction in cross-validation and good prediction ability in external validation (R2CV ≥ 0.93; R2V ≥ 0.82). Nonetheless, SCiO's ability to discriminate between good- and low-quality samples was satisfactory. The affordable cost, the accurate predictions, and the user-friendly design coupled with the increased interest in colostrum quality within the dairy sector may boost the collection of extensive BC data for management and genetic purposes in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Galli BD, Nikoloudaki O, Granehäll L, Carafa I, Pozza M, De Marchi M, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Comparative analysis of microbial succession and proteolysis focusing on amino acid pathways in Asiago-PDO cheese from two dairies. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110548. [PMID: 38154252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive and comparative analysis was conducted on Italian Asiago-PDO cheese obtained from two different dairies named Dairy I and Dairy II using industrial and natural fermented milk, respectively. The analysis encompassed the evaluation of chemical composition, the succession of the microbiota during manufacture and ripening, and proteolysis mainly focusing on free individual amino acid (FAA) profiles. A metagenomic approach was used to investigate the cheese microbiome functionality. Differences in gross chemical composition were more evident during ripening, with Dairy II showing higher variability within batches. The microbiota varied significantly between the two dairies and ripening stages. The choice of starter culture shaped the microbiota during production and affected the microbial diversity of non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) originated from the raw milk during ripening. Peptide chromatographic profiles and FAA concentrations increased as ripening progressed, with Dairy I showing higher production of FAA. Functional analysis of the metagenomes linked species to specific amino acid metabolism/catabolism pathways. The amino acid metabolism pathways, particularly those related to aromatic amino acids, lysine, and branched-chain amino acids, were affected by the presence of specific NSLAB species, which differed between the two dairies. The results obtained in this study reveal the impact of starter culture on peculiar cheese microbiota assemblies, which selectively targets amino acid pathways, providing insights into the potential flavor and aroma characteristics of Asiago-PDO cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Domingues Galli
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, BZ, Italy
| | - Olga Nikoloudaki
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, BZ, Italy.
| | - Lena Granehäll
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, BZ, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Carafa
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, BZ, Italy
| | - Marta Pozza
- University of Padova, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- University of Padova, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, BZ, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, BZ, Italy.
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Boselli C, Costa A, De Marchi M, Zia MA, Shahid MQ, Ahmad N, Fasulkov I, Karadaev M, Ilieva Y, Penchev P, Derisavi F, Nikookar M, Naderfard H, Eid LN, Hegazy MM, Abouelghait HA, Campagna MC, Borghese A. Teat morphology across five buffalo breeds: a multi-country collaborative study. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:61. [PMID: 38276987 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a species of worldwide importance, raised to produce milk, meat, and hides, and often used as a working animal in rural contexts with low access to hi-tech solutions. In the present study, 100 lactating buffaloes (50 primiparous and 50 pluriparous) of five popular breeds were recruited to characterize and compare teat morphology. In particular, the focus was put on the Nili Ravi, Mediterranean, Egyptian, Bulgarian Murrah, and Azeri buffaloes raised in Pakistan, Italy, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Iran, respectively. In all countries, a longitudinal cross-section ultrasound was obtained before the milking to measure teat parameters at individual level: overall, teat canal length (TCL) averaged 24.13 mm, teat diameter (TD) 30.46 mm, cisternal diameter (CD) 17.80 mm, and teat wall (TW) 7.12 mm. The most variable trait across breeds was TCL which was positively correlated with CD and TD and negatively with TW, regardless of the teat position (front/rear or left/right). A strong negative correlation was found between TW and CD (- 0.43). The analysis of variance revealed that the fixed effect of breed significantly affected all the traits except TD. In fact, Bulgarian Murrah, Azeri, and Egyptian buffaloes presented the greatest estimate of TCL, whereas NR the smallest (14.70 mm). The TW was maximum in Nili Ravi, Egyptian, and Mediterranean buffaloes, with estimates equal to 8.19, 7.59, and 8.74 mm, respectively. Nili Ravi also showed the greatest TL (82.39 mm). In terms of CD, the lowest least square mean was that of Mediterranean buffaloes (12.14 mm). Primiparous and pluriparous buffaloes differed in terms of TD, TW, and TL, with older animals presenting the highest least square mean. In terms of position, instead, significant differences were observed for TD, CD, and TL when comparing front and rear teats, as left and right teats did not differ. Teat anatomy includes a set of heritable morphological features and is therefore breed-dependent. Differences presented in this study could be attributed to the divergent breeding objective and selective pressure across the five breeds; e.g., in some cases such as Mediterranean buffalo, selection for decades was oriented to improve milk production and milkability and achieve optimal conformation for mechanical milking. A better understanding of the mammary gland anatomical descriptors can be informative of the history of a breed and could provide useful insights to guide possible selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Boselli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio E Della Toscana "Mariano Aleandri,", Rome, 00178, Italy.
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35030, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Muhammad Q Shahid
- Department of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ivan Fasulkov
- Dept. Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Trakia University, 6015, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Manol Karadaev
- Dept. Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Trakia University, 6015, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Yordanka Ilieva
- Agricultural Institute - Shumen, 3 Simeon Veliki Blvd, 9700, Shumen, Bulgaria
| | - Pencho Penchev
- Agricultural Institute - Shumen, 3 Simeon Veliki Blvd, 9700, Shumen, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | - Laila N Eid
- Department of Buffalo Breeding Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Hegazy
- Mahallet Mousa Buffalo Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassab A Abouelghait
- Mahallet Mousa Buffalo Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maria Concetta Campagna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio E Della Toscana "Mariano Aleandri,", Rome, 00178, Italy
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Niero G, Thomas SA, Mouratidou K, Visentin G, De Marchi M, Penasa M, Cassandro M. Lactoferrin concentration in bovine milk: validation of radial immunodiffusion technique, sources of variation, and association to udder health status. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2180440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Niero
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Steffi Anna Thomas
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Kassiani Mouratidou
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori della Razza Frisona, Bruna e Jersey Italiana, Cremona, Italy
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Vigolo V, Visentin E, Ballancin E, Lopez-Villalobos N, Penasa M, De Marchi M. β-Casein A1 and A2: Effects of polymorphism on the cheese-making process. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:5276-5287. [PMID: 37291039 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Of late, "A2 milk" has gained prominence in the dairy sector due to its potential implications in human health. Consequently, the frequency of A2 homozygous animals has considerably increased in many countries. To elucidate the potential implications that beta casein (β-CN) A1 and A2 may have on cheese-making traits, it is fundamental to investigate the relationships between the genetic polymorphisms and cheese-making traits at the dairy plant level. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of the β-CN A1/A2 polymorphism on detailed protein profile and cheese-making process in bulk milk. Based on the β-CN genotype of individual cows, 5 milk pools diverging for presence of the 2 β-CN variants were obtained: (1) 100% A1; (2) 75% A1 and 25% A2; (3) 50% A1 and 50% A2; (4) 25% A1 and 75% A2; and (5) 100% A2. For each cheese-making day (n = 6), 25 L of milk (divided into 5 pools, 5 L each) were processed, for a total of 30 cheese-making processes. Cheese yield, curd nutrient recovery, whey composition, and cheese composition were assessed. For every cheese-making process, detailed milk protein fractions were determined through reversed-phase HPLC. Data were analyzed by fitting a mixed model, which included the fixed effects of the 5 different pools, the protein and fat content as a covariate, and the random effect of the cheese-making sessions. Results showed that the percentage of κ-CN significantly decreased up to 2% when the proportion of β-CN A2 in the pool was ≥25%. An increase in the relative content of β-CN A2 (≥50% of total milk processed) was also associated with a significantly lower cheese yield both 1 and 48 h after cheese production, whereas no effects were observed after 7 d of ripening. Concordantly, recovery of nutrients reflected a more efficient process when the inclusion of β-CN A2 was ≤75%. Finally, no differences in the final cheese composition obtained by the different β-CN pools were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Vigolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Elena Visentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Eva Ballancin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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10
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Magro S, Visentin E, Chiarin E, Cendron F, Penasa M, Costa A, Cassandro M, De Marchi M. Pathogen Detection via Quantitative PCR in Milk of Healthy Cows Collected Using Different Sampling Protocols. Pathogens 2023; 12:935. [PMID: 37513782 PMCID: PMC10383812 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the prevalence of pathogens detected via quantitative PCR (qPCR) in milk from apparently healthy cows to identify the most common etiological agents present in Italian dairy farms. Milk samples were collected using a sterile protocol at quarter-level (3239 samples, 822 cows) and a conventional protocol at udder level as composite milk from the functional quarters of each cow (5464 samples, 5464 cows). The qPCR commercial kit detected Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma spp., Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Prototheca spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis as well as DNA from the penicillin resistance β-lactamase gene from staphylococci. The prevalence of specific DNA was calculated based on its presence or absence in the samples, factoring in both the sampling protocols and herds. Regardless of the sampling protocol used, the most frequently detected pathogens were CNS (26.6% in sterile and 13.9% in conventional protocol) and Streptococcus uberis (9.6% and 16.5%, respectively). These results underscore the necessity for pathogen-specific interventions at the farm level to enhance the udder health of dairy cows via management recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Magro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elena Visentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elena Chiarin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori della Razza Frisona, Bruna e Jersey Italiana, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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11
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Magro S, Costa A, De Marchi M. Total and Differential Somatic Cell Count in Italian Local Cattle Breeds: Phenotypic Variability and Effect on Milk Yield and Composition. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071249. [PMID: 37048505 PMCID: PMC10093597 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk differential somatic cell count (DSCC) represents the percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes out of the total somatic cell count (SCC) and has been proposed in recent years as a proxy for udder health in dairy cows. We investigated phenotypic factors affecting SCC and DSCC using 3978 records of 212 Alpine Grey and 426 Burlina cows farmed in Northern Italy. The linear mixed model accounted for the fixed effects of breed, parity, lactation stage, sampling season, and first-order interactions of breed with the other effects. Cow, herd-test-date nested within breed were random. Subsequently, four udder health status groups (UHS) were created by combining SCC and DSCC to assess the UHS impact on milk yield and quality. DSCC was greater in Alpine Grey (66.2 ± 0.8%) than Burlina cows (63.2 ± 0.6%) and, similarly to SCC, it increased with days in milk and parity regardless of breed. Milk yield and composition were affected by UHS in both breeds. These results suggest that also udder health of local breeds can be monitored on a large scale through SCC and DSCC for reduction in biodiversity loss and increased farm profitability. However, in addition to milk data, the introduction of mastitis recording and monitoring plans is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Magro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Padova, Italy
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12
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Magro S, Costa A, De Marchi M, Manuelian CL. Milk-related performances of Murciano-Granadina goats reared in Italy compared to cosmopolitan breeds. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Magro
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, Università di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, Università di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, Università di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen L. Manuelian
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, Università di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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13
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Costa A, Visentin G, Goi A, De Marchi M, Penasa M. Genetic characteristics of colostrum refractive index and its use as a proxy for the concentration of immunoglobulins in Holstein cattle. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:79. [PMID: 36460971 PMCID: PMC9717560 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colostral concentration of immunoglobulins (Ig) is crucial for the passive transfer of antibodies from the cow to the new-born calf. Direct determination of Ig by the gold standard radial immunodiffusion method is demanding in terms of time and costs. For this reason, a refractometer is commonly used at the farm level for an indirect estimation of colostrum quality, which is given as the Ig concentration. In this study, colostrum samples were collected from 548 Italian Holstein cows within 6 h of calving. The refractive index (BRIX, %) of these samples was assessed using a portable optical refractometer, as well as the concentration of total protein, IgG, IgA, and IgM by radial immunodiffusion. A four-trait animal model was used to estimate genetic parameters for BRIX and the different immunoglobulin isotypes. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to evaluate the BRIX diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Colostral BRIX was moderately heritable (0.26) and its genetic and phenotypic correlations with IgG (0.91, 0.78), IgA (0.57, 0.57), and IgM (0.71, 0.61) were all positive and of similar order, although the genetic correlations were generally higher than the phenotypic correlations. Low-quality colostrum samples, defined as those with an IgG concentration lower than 50 g/L, were accurately identified by the refractive index on the BRIX scale, with an area under the curve of 0.90. CONCLUSIONS The use of a refractometer is recommended on dairy farms to produce a proxy for colostral Ig concentration. BRIX is a useful phenotyping tool that can be used in cattle to improve the quality of colostrum for first feeding of calves through both traditional genetic and genomic strategies. Improving colostrum quality will reduce the incidence of failure of passive transfer of immunity in young stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Costa
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell’Emilia, BO Italy
| | - Giulio Visentin
- grid.6292.f0000 0004 1757 1758Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell’Emilia, BO Italy
| | - Arianna Goi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD Italy
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14
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Visentin E, Niero G, Cassandro M, Penasa M, De Marchi M. Assessment of the
ED‐XRF
technique to quantify mineral elements in nonlyophilised milk and cheese. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Visentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment University of Padova Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Giovanni Niero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment University of Padova Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment University of Padova Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori della Razza Frisona Bruna e Jersey Italiana Via Bergamo 292 26100 Cremona Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment University of Padova Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment University of Padova Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
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15
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Visentin G, Berry DP, Costa A, McDermott A, De Marchi M, McParland S. Breeding for improved protein fractions and free amino acids concentration in bovine milk. J Anim Breed Genet 2022; 139:517-529. [PMID: 35485246 PMCID: PMC9546495 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Considerable resources are required to routinely measure detailed milk compositional traits. Hence, an insufficient volume of phenotypic data can hinder genetic progress in these traits within dairy cow breeding programmes. The objective of the present study was to quantify the opportunities for breeding for improved milk protein and free amino acid (FAA) composition by exploiting mid‐infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) predictions routinely recorded from milk samples. Genetic parameters for protein fractions and FAA composition were estimated using 134,546 test‐day records from 16,166 lactations on 9,572 cows using linear mixed models. Heritability of MIRS‐predicted protein fractions ranged from 0.19 (α‐lactalbumin) to 0.55 (β‐lactoglobulin A), while heritability of MIRS‐predicted FAA ranged from 0.08 for glycine to 0.29 for glutamic acid. Genetic correlations among the MIRS‐predicted FAA were moderate to strong ranging from −0.44 (aspartic acid and lysine) to 0.97 (glutamic acid and total FAA). Adjustment of the genetic correlations for the genetic merit of 24‐h milk yield did not greatly affect the correlations. Results from the current study highlight the presence of exploitable genetic variation for both protein fractions and FAA in dairy cow milk. Besides, the direction of genetic correlations reveals that breeding programmes directly selecting for greater milk protein concentration carry with them favourable improvement in casein and whey fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Visentin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Donagh P Berry
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.,Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Audrey McDermott
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.,Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sinead McParland
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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16
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Santinello M, De Marchi M, Diana A, Rampado N, Hocquette JF, Penasa M. Effect of commingling animals at sorting facilities on performances and antibiotic use in beef cattle. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2063766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santinello
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Diana
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Rampado
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jean-François Hocquette
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne University, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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17
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Santinello M, Diana A, De Marchi M, Scali F, Bertocchi L, Lorenzi V, Alborali GL, Penasa M. Promoting Judicious Antimicrobial Use in Beef Production: The Role of Quarantine. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010116. [PMID: 35011224 PMCID: PMC8749823 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Judicious antimicrobial stewardship in livestock industry is needed to reduce the use of antimicrobials (AMU) and the associated risk of antimicrobial resistance. Biosecurity measures are acknowledged for their role against the spread of diseases and the importance in reducing AMU in different species. However, their effectiveness in beef production has been scarcely considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the quarantine strategy on AMU in beef cattle. A total of 1206 Charolaise animals in five farms were included in the trial. Roughly half of the animals followed the standard procedure of the fattening cycle (no-quarantine; NO-QUA group) and half followed a 30-day period of quarantine (QUA group) since their arrival. Performance and antimicrobial data were recorded and a treatment incidence 100 (TI100it) per animal was calculated. Penicillins was the most used class of antimicrobials. Differences between groups were significant for males only, with NO-QUA group having greater TI100it (3.76 vs. 3.24; p < 0.05) and lower body weight at slaughter (713.4 vs. 723.7 kg; p < 0.05) than QUA group. Results suggest that quarantine strategy can reduce AMU in males without compromising their performance, whereas further investigation is needed for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Santinello
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, VEN, Italy; (A.D.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-34-0112-9081
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, VEN, Italy; (A.D.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, VEN, Italy; (A.D.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Federico Scali
- Sector Diagnostic and Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, LOM, Italy; (F.S.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Luigi Bertocchi
- Italian National Reference Center for Animal Welfare (CReNBA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, LOM, Italy; (L.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Valentina Lorenzi
- Italian National Reference Center for Animal Welfare (CReNBA), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, LOM, Italy; (L.B.); (V.L.)
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Sector Diagnostic and Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna ‘Bruno Ubertini’ (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, LOM, Italy; (F.S.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, VEN, Italy; (A.D.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
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18
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Manuelian CL, Ghetti M, De Lorenzi C, Pozza M, Franzoi M, De Marchi M. Feasibility of pocket-sized near-infrared spectrometer for the prediction of cheese quality traits. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Vigolo V, Franzoi M, Penasa M, De Marchi M. β-Casein variants differently affect bulk milk mineral content, protein composition, and technological traits. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Costa A, Boselli C, De Marchi M, Todde G, Caria M. Milkability traits across milk flow curve types in Sarda sheep. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Niero G, Franzoi M, Manuelian CL, Visentin G, Penasa M, De Marchi M. Protein profile of cow milk from multibreed herds and its relationship with milk coagulation properties. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1996288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Niero
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Franzoi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen L. Manuelian
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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22
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Cendron F, Franzoi M, Penasa M, De Marchi M, Cassandro M. Effects of β- and κ-casein, and β-lactoglobulin single and composite genotypes on milk composition and milk coagulation properties of Italian Holsteins assessed by FT-MIR. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2011442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cendron
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Franzoi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Federazione delle Associazioni Nazionali di Razza e di Specie, Roma, Italy
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori di Razza Frisona Bruna Jersey Italiana, Cremona, Italy
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23
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Goi A, Hocquette JF, Pellattiero E, De Marchi M. Handheld near-infrared spectrometer allows on-line prediction of beef quality traits. Meat Sci 2021; 184:108694. [PMID: 34700175 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a miniaturized near-infrared spectrometer to predict chemical parameters, technological and quality traits, fatty acids and minerals in intact Longissimus thoracis and Trapezius obtained from the ribs of 40 Charolais cattle. Modified partial least squares regression analysis to correlate spectra information to reference values, and several scatter correction and mathematical treatments have been tested. Leave-one-out cross-validation results showed that the handheld instrument could be used to obtain a good prediction of moisture and an approximate quantitative prediction of fat or protein contents, a*, b*, shear force and purge loss with coefficients of determination above 0.66. Moreover, prediction models were satisfactory for proportions of MUFA, PUFA, oleic and palmitic acids, for Fe and Cu contents. Overall, results exhibited the usefulness of the on-line miniaturized tool to predict some beef quality traits and the possibility to use it with commercial cuts without sampling, carcass deterioration nor grinding and consequent meat products' loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Jean-François Hocquette
- INRAE, Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR1213, Recherches sur les Herbivores, 63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Erika Pellattiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Manuelian CL, Vigolo V, Righi F, Simoni M, Burbi S, De Marchi M. MIR and Vis/NIR spectroscopy cannot authenticate organic bulk milk. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1954559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L. Manuelian
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Vania Vigolo
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Federico Righi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marica Simoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Burbi
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Ryton-on-Dunsmore, UK
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Simoni M, Goi A, De Marchi M, Righi F. The use of visible/near-infrared spectroscopy to predict fibre fractions, fibre-bound nitrogen and total-tract apparent nutrients digestibility in beef cattle diets and faeces. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1924884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marica Simoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie,University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Arianna Goi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali, Animali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Righi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie,University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Franzoi M, Costa A, Penasa M, De Marchi M. Genetic background of calcium and phosphorus phases predicted from milk mid-infrared spectra of Holstein cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1912663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franzoi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Tsiplakou E, Pitino R, Manuelian CL, Simoni M, Mitsiopoulou C, De Marchi M, Righi F. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins in Livestock Animal Products Yield, Quality, and Oxidative Status: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050780. [PMID: 34069000 PMCID: PMC8155892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest for safe and natural foods of animal origin is currently increasing the use of plant feed additives (PFA) as antioxidants in animal nutrition. However, studies with livestock animals dealing with PFA as antioxidants are scarce. The aim of the present review was to evaluate the antioxidant impact of PFA compared with synthetic vitamins on animal food product yield and quality. For this purpose, peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2020 were collected. Most papers were carried out on ruminants (n = 13), but PFA were also tested in swine (n = 6) and rabbits (n = 2). The inclusion of PFA in the diets of pigs, rabbits, and ruminants improved the products’ quality (including organoleptic characteristics and fatty acids profile), oxidative stability, and shelf life, with some impacts also on their yields. The effects of PFA are diverse but often comparable to those of the synthetic antioxidant vitamin E, suggesting their potential as an alternative to this vitamin within the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (C.L.M.); Tel.: +30-210-529-4435 (E.T.); +39-049-827-2632 (C.L.M.)
| | - Rosario Pitino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Carmen L. Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (C.L.M.); Tel.: +30-210-529-4435 (E.T.); +39-049-827-2632 (C.L.M.)
| | - Marica Simoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Christina Mitsiopoulou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (F.R.)
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Righi F, Pitino R, Manuelian CL, Simoni M, Quarantelli A, De Marchi M, Tsiplakou E. Plant Feed Additives as Natural Alternatives to the Use of Synthetic Antioxidant Vitamins on Poultry Performances, Health, and Oxidative Status: A Review of the Literature in the Last 20 Years. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050659. [PMID: 33922786 PMCID: PMC8146777 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant feed additives (PFA) such as essential oils, extracts, and by-products from plant processing can be included in poultry diets. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles were selected from the literature published in the last 20 years (2000–2020) comparing PFA antioxidant effects with synthetic antioxidant vitamins (mainly vitamin E) in poultry nutrition. The PFA can be used as an effective nutritional strategy to face poultry’s oxidative stress with positive impact also on their productivity and efficiency. They can partially or completely replace antioxidant synthetic vitamins (the latter administered at doses between 150 and 500 mg/kg) in animal diets, sometimes affecting important physiological functions or expressing synergistic effect with the synthetic antioxidants. It is crucial to take into consideration the issues related to the absorption and the metabolism of these additives and their interaction with gut microbiota. However, some form- and dose-dependent negative effects on growth performances are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (A.Q.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (E.T.); Tel.: +39-05-2103-2624 (F.R.); +30-21-0529-4435 (E.T.)
| | - Rosario Pitino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (A.Q.)
| | - Carmen L. Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Marica Simoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (A.Q.)
| | - Afro Quarantelli
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (R.P.); (M.S.); (A.Q.)
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’ Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (E.T.); Tel.: +39-05-2103-2624 (F.R.); +30-21-0529-4435 (E.T.)
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Niero G, Bobbo T, Callegaro S, Visentin G, Pornaro C, Penasa M, Cozzi G, De Marchi M, Cassandro M. Dairy Cows' Health during Alpine Summer Grazing as Assessed by Milk Traits, Including Differential Somatic Cell Count: A Case Study from Italy. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040981. [PMID: 33915759 PMCID: PMC8067137 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dairy herds in alpine areas usually adopt summer grazing, mainly to reduce feeding costs. This practice is related to the maintenance of local traditions and to the manufacturing of niche dairy products. However, it is important to assess the impact of this practice on cattle health. This case study investigated how milk-related health traits vary across extensive grazing during the summer period, using data collected in a dairy herd whose cows were repeatedly controlled for individual milk samples. Although the transition from barn farming to pasture led to a reduction in milk production, proper grazing management can make dairy cows more resilient in terms of udder health and metabolic efficiency. Findings of the present research report suggested that pasture can be adopted to maintain dairy herd sustainability without impairing animal health. Abstract Extensive summer grazing is a dairy herd management practice frequently adopted in mountainous areas. Nowadays, this activity is threatened by its high labour demand, but it is fundamental for environmental, touristic and economic implications, as well as for the preservation of social and cultural traditions. Scarce information on the effects of such low-input farming systems on cattle health is available. Therefore, the present case study aimed at investigating how grazing may affect the health status of dairy cows by using milk traits routinely available from the national milk recording scheme. The research involved a dairy herd of 52 Simmental and 19 Holstein × Simmental crossbred cows. The herd had access to the pasture according to a rotational grazing scheme from late spring up to the end of summer. A total of 616 test day records collected immediately before and during the grazing season were used. Individual milk yield was registered during the milking procedure. Milk samples were analysed for composition (fat, protein, casein and lactose contents) and health-related milk indicators (electrical conductivity, urea and β-hydroxybutyrate) using mid-infrared spectroscopy. Somatic cell count (SCC) and differential SCC were also determined. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model, which included the fixed effects of the period of sampling, cow breed, stage of lactation and parity, and the random effects of cow nested within breed and the residual. The transition from barn farming to pasture had a negative effect on milk yield, together with a small deterioration of fat and protein percentages. Health-related milk indicators showed a minor deterioration of the fat to protein ratio, differential SCC and electrical conductivity, particularly towards the end of the grazing season, whereas the somatic cell score and β-hydroxybutyrate were relatively constant. Overall, the study showed that, when properly managed, pasture grazing does not have detrimental effects on dairy cows in terms of udder health and efficiency. Therefore, the proper management of cows on pasture can be a valuable solution to preserve the economic, social and environmental sustainability of small dairy farms in the alpine regions, without impairing cows’ health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Niero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.N.); (T.B.); (S.C.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Tania Bobbo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.N.); (T.B.); (S.C.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Simone Callegaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.N.); (T.B.); (S.C.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-20-97047
| | - Cristina Pornaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.N.); (T.B.); (S.C.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.N.); (T.B.); (S.C.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulio Cozzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.N.); (T.B.); (S.C.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.D.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.N.); (T.B.); (S.C.); (C.P.); (M.P.); (M.D.M.); (M.C.)
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Albanell E, Martínez M, De Marchi M, Manuelian CL. Prediction of bioactive compounds in barley by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
Flexitarians have reduced their meat consumption showing a rising interest in plant-based meat alternatives with 'meaty' characteristics, and we are witnessing an unprecedented growth of meat substitutes in the Western market. However, to our knowledge, no information regarding the 'simulated beef burgers' nutritional profile compared to similar meat products has been published yet. Here we show that, whilst both plant-based and meat-based burgers have similar protein profile and saturated fat content, the former are richer in minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids. We found that the most abundant minerals in both categories were Na, K, P, S, Ca, and Mg; being Na and S content similar between groups. Only six amino acids differed between categories, being hydroxyproline exclusively in meat-based burgers. Plant-based burgers revealed fourfold greater content of n-6 than meat-based burgers, and greater short-chain fatty acids proportion. Our results demonstrate how 'simulated beef' products may be authenticated based on some specific nutrients and are a good source of minerals. We believe that there is a need to provide complete and unbiased nutritional information on these 'new' vegan products so that consumers can adjust their diet to nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Marta Pozza
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Arianna Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Carmen L Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Costa A, De Marchi M, Neglia G, Campanile G, Penasa M. Milk somatic cell count-derived traits as new indicators to monitor udder health in dairy buffaloes. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1899856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Costa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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Currò S, Manuelian CL, De Marchi M, Goi A, Claps S, Esposito L, Neglia G. Italian local goat breeds have better milk coagulation properties than cosmopolitan breed. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1772130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Currò
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen L. Manuelian
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Goi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per la Zootecnia Estensiva (CREA-ZOE), Bella Muro, Italy
| | - Luigi Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Niero G, Costa A, Franzoi M, Visentin G, Cassandro M, De Marchi M, Penasa M. Genetic and Non-Genetic Variation of Milk Total Antioxidant Activity Predicted from Mid-Infrared Spectra in Holstein Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122372. [PMID: 33322019 PMCID: PMC7764824 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The total antioxidant activity (TAA) of food is important for human health and results from the contribution of different nutraceutical compounds. Direct determination of TAA in food is time-consuming and expensive. Infrared technologies allow the prediction of difficult-to-measure traits with certain accuracy in several organic matrices, including TAA of bovine milk. In order to understand the background of TAA and identify potential strategies to improve this feature in bovine milk, we explored its non-genetic sources of variation and estimated heritability and correlations with traits of economic interest in a large database of Holstein cows. Abstract Food antioxidants enhance products shelf life and stability during technological treatments through the maintenance of their physical and chemical properties. Moreover, they are endowed with several positive effects on human health, including cell membranes preservation, enzyme functionality, and DNA integrity. Milk has been described in relation to a wide array of fat soluble and water-soluble antioxidant compounds, in particular vitamin A, C, and E, lactoferrin and peptides derived from casein and whey proteins. The total antioxidant activity (TAA) of milk is a novel and scarcely explored trait, defined as the sum of antioxidant contributions of the aforementioned compounds. On this background, the aims of the present study were to investigate the variability of milk TAA on a large scale exploiting predictions obtained through mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and to estimate genetic parameters of this trait in Holstein cows. Individual milk samples were collected between January 2011 and December 2018 during the routine milk recording procedure. Samples were analysed for gross composition through MIR spectroscopy and MIR spectra were stored. Milk TAA was then predicted (pTAA) from the stored milk MIR spectra (111,653 test-day records of 9519 cows in 344 herds) using the previously developed prediction model; considering the prediction accuracy, pTAA might be considered a proxy of the TAA determined through the reference method. Overall, pTAA averaged 7.16 mmoL/L of Trolox equivalents, showed a nadir around 40 days after calving and increased thereafter, following a linear trend up to the end of lactation. The lowest pTAA was observed in milk sampled from June to September. Milk pTAA was heritable (0.401 ± 0.015) and genetically associated to fat yield (0.366 ± 0.049), crude protein (CP) yield (0.238 ± 0.052), fat percentage (0.616 ± 0.022) and CP percentage (0.754 ± 0.015). The official selection index of Italian Holstein put the 49% of the emphasis on fat and protein yield and percentage; therefore, it derives that an indirect favourable selection for milk pTAA should be already in progress in Italian Holstein population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Niero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8272632
| | - Marco Franzoi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Padova, Italy; (G.N.); (M.F.); (M.C.); (M.D.M.); (M.P.)
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Costa A, De Marchi M, Visentin G, Campagna MC, Borghese A, Boselli C. The Effect of Pre-milking Stimulation on Teat Morphological Parameters and Milk Traits in the Italian Water Buffalo. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:572422. [PMID: 33364254 PMCID: PMC7752857 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.572422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are very sensitive to environmental stimulus before and during milking, and this explains why disrupted milk ejections due to blood oxytocin level instability are frequent in this species. According to the literature, the manual stimulation (MS) of teats before milking promotes oxytocin release and allows milk ejection to start within 2-3 min. However, the pre-milking stimulation of teats is not always part of the milking routine in Italian buffalo farms; moreover, buffaloes with unstable milk let-down are sometimes treated with exogenous oxytocin (OX). Different types of pre-milking stimulation can impact differently on the mammary gland epithelium and structures and, therefore, on milk yield. In this study, we observed the changes in teat morphological traits before and after the application of three types of stimuli, i.e., no manual stimulation (NS), MS, and OX, in buffaloes reared in an Italian dairy farm. In particular, measurements were available for 23 and 21 buffaloes for front and rear teats, respectively. Subsequently, the effect of the pre-milking stimulation type was estimated on teat morphological characteristics and on milk traits recorded after the application of stimuli. The results showed that the teat canal length was shorter (P < 0.05) after stimulation in the case of MS and OX compared to NS. Cistern diameter was overall greater for MS and lower for OX. On the contrary, teat wall thickness was greater and lower for OX and MS, respectively. Milk yield and quality (fat, protein, and somatic cell score) were similar across the three types of pre-milking stimulation. In perspective, the impact of these types of pre-milking stimulation should be evaluated on a large scale, and the focus might be put on mammary gland epithelium integrity, mastitis incidence, and other udder health indicators in milk, e.g., electrical conductivity, differential somatic cell count, lactose content, and sodium and chloride concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Costa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Boselli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute Lazio and Toscana "Mariano Aleandri", Rome, Italy
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Diana A, Lorenzi V, Penasa M, Magni E, Alborali GL, Bertocchi L, De Marchi M. Effect of welfare standards and biosecurity practices on antimicrobial use in beef cattle. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20939. [PMID: 33262402 PMCID: PMC7708642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77838-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock species and the associated antimicrobial resistance are a global concern, thus strategies for their reduction and a more judicious use are needed. Previous research has revealed a link between improved animal welfare, biosecurity and AMU reduction in pig and dairy sectors, however, little is known about the beef sector. This study aimed to investigate the impact of welfare standards and biosecurity on AMU in beef cattle. Data on performance traits and AMU were collected over a 3.5 year time from 27 specialised beef farms and a treatment incidence was calculated using the defined daily dose for animals. An on-farm assessment was carried out by assigning a score from 0 (very poor) to 100% (very good) to 3 sections: welfare, biosecurity and emergency management. The highest average score was obtained for the welfare section (76%) followed by emergency management (39%) and biosecurity (24%). This suggests that major focus on strategies for the implementation of biosecurity measures and emergency management is needed, due to the low scores reported. A statistically significant lower AMU was observed with improved level of welfare. These results may be helpful for farm benchmarking and highlight the importance of improved animal welfare for an efficient antimicrobial stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Diana
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Valentina Lorenzi
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Edoardo Magni
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Alborali
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertocchi
- Italian National Reference Centre for Animal Welfare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Via Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Costa A, De Marchi M, Battisti S, Guarducci M, Amatiste S, Bitonti G, Borghese A, Boselli C. On the Effect of the Temperature-Humidity Index on Buffalo Bulk Milk Composition and Coagulation Traits. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:577758. [PMID: 33195582 PMCID: PMC7604269 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.577758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of high levels of environmental temperature and humidity on milk yield and quality in buffaloes since this species is known to be more heat tolerant than cattle. However, the distribution of sweat glands and the dark skin color can negatively affect heat tolerance. Moreover, due to increased global temperatures, concerns regarding heat stress and thermoregulation in dairy animals, including buffaloes, have been extended to the northern hemisphere. In this study, the effects of both the temperature-humidity index (THI) and the maximum daily temperature-humidity index (MTHI) were estimated on bulk milk traits, namely fat, protein, lactose, urea content, pH levels, somatic cell score, coagulation properties, and bacteria count. The dataset consisted of repeated data from 99 Mediterranean water buffalo farms, and mixed models were used for the analyses. Supporting the negative correlations observed, bulk milk fat, protein, and lactose content were significantly lower when THI and MTHI were higher. Similarly, milk pH was lower when THI and MTHI were high; however, high levels of THI or MTHI seemed to not be markedly associated with the milk's coagulation ability. According to both analysis of variance and correlations, the somatic cell score was not significantly affected by the THI and MTHI. This is the first study based on a large dataset that evaluates the impact of high temperature and humidity in Italian buffalo milk and that provides correlations with traits of interest for the dairy industry, i.e., milk acidity and coagulation ability. In general, findings show that the effects of elevated THI and heat stress on bulk milk quality in buffalo is less evident than in cattle. These preliminary results intend to open debate on the issue of heat stress in dairy buffaloes that are reared in temperate regions. Further studies should focus on individual milk and performance and should investigate the relationship between high THI and buffalo fertility, behavior, and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Costa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sabrina Battisti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Toscana "Mariano Aleandri," Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Guarducci
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Toscana "Mariano Aleandri," Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Amatiste
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Toscana "Mariano Aleandri," Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bitonti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Toscana "Mariano Aleandri," Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Boselli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lazio and Toscana "Mariano Aleandri," Rome, Italy
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Zanon T, Costa A, De Marchi M, Penasa M, Koenig S, Gauly M. Milk yield and quality of Original Brown cattle reared in Italian alpine region. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1825997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zanon
- Facoltà 0di Scienze e Tecnologie, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse naturali e Ambiente, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sven Koenig
- Institut für Tierzucht und Haustiergenetik, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gauly
- Facoltà 0di Scienze e Tecnologie, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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Goi A, Simoni M, Righi F, Visentin G, De Marchi M. Application of a Handheld Near-Infrared Spectrometer to Predict Gelatinized Starch, Fiber Fractions, and Mineral Content of Ground and Intact Extruded Dry Dog Food. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091660. [PMID: 32947788 PMCID: PMC7552299 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The pet food industry is interested in performing fast analyses to control the nutritional quality of their products. Despite having some limitations related to the need to modify the production process or to have a laboratory to prepare the samples for analysis through desktop instruments, near-infrared spectroscopy is one of the most used technologies for inexpensive analysis of foodstuffs. Thus, the miniaturization of infrared devices allows a wider industrial applicability of this technique. Information on the use of miniaturized infrared tools in the pet food sector is currently very limited, and the present research is the first attempt to predict the total and gelatinized starch, insoluble fibrous fractions, and mineral content of ground and intact dry pet food using the handheld NIR scanner SCiO™. Results from the current study revealed no significant differences in the predictive ability of the instrument using both ground and intact samples. The instrument offers a potential for screening purposes of both total and gelatinized starch, revealing the potential to monitor their content and ratio in commercial dog food on a large scale. Improvements such as widening the wavelength range is expected to increase prediction models’ accuracy. Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of a handheld near-infrared spectrometer to predict total and gelatinized starch, insoluble fibrous fractions, and mineral content in extruded dry dog food. Intact and ground samples were compared to determine if the homogenization could improve the prediction performance of the instrument. Reference analyses were performed on 81 samples for starch and 99 for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and minerals, and reflectance infrared spectra (740 to 1070 nm) were recorded with a SCiO™ near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer. Prediction models were developed using modified partial least squares regression and both internal (leave-one-out cross-validation) and external validation. The best prediction models in cross-validation using ground samples were obtained for gelatinized starch (residual predictive deviation, RPD = 2.54) and total starch (RPD = 2.33), and S (RPD = 1.92), while the best using intact samples were obtained for gelatinized starch (RPD = 2.45), total starch (RPD = 2.08), and K (RPD = 1.98). Through external validation, the best statistics were obtained for gelatinized starch, with an RPD of 2.55 and 2.03 in ground and intact samples, respectively. Overall, there was no difference in prediction models accuracy using ground or intact samples. In conclusion, the miniaturized NIR instrument offers the potential for screening purposes only for total and gelatinized starch, S, and K, whereas the results do not support its applicability for the other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
| | - Marica Simoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia (BO), Italy;
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Boselli C, De Marchi M, Costa A, Borghese A. Study of Milkability and Its Relation With Milk Yield and Somatic Cell in Mediterranean Italian Water Buffalo. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:432. [PMID: 32851017 PMCID: PMC7432261 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milkability is defined as the ability of an animal to give a regular, complete, and rapid milk secretion by the mammary gland in response to a proper milking technique. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of milkability pattern with milk yield and somatic cell score in buffaloes. Milk yield and milkability can be observed through the milk flow profiles recorded by an electronic milkmeter (Lactocorder). A total of 2,288 milk flow curves of Mediterranean Italian buffaloes were used for one-way analysis of variance, and eight milk emission patterns were studied. The most represented milk flow curve was type 3 (27.32%), followed by type 6 (17.79%) characterized by a very long plateau phase. The less represented curve was type 1 (4.41%) characterized by long lag time and low peak flow rate. According to analysis of variance, milk yield ranged from 2.21 to 5.22 kg per milking for types 1 and 6, respectively, whereas the peak flow rate was minimum (0.50 kg/min) and maximum (1.73 kg/min) for types 1 and 4, respectively. The total milking time was on average 11.29 ± 3.68 min; lag time and milk emission time averaged 2.19 ± 2.34 min and 4.30 ± 2.33 min, respectively. The 12.5% (n = 286) of total curves were classified as bimodal and 60 of these were found in type 4. Based on literature, type 4 curves are representative of very short teat canals and very high milk flow. Average somatic cell score was 3.63 ± 1.67 units, with maximum least-squares mean found for type 1 and minimum for type 6. Buffaloes showing curves of type 5 and 6 were characterized by the greatest milk yield at milking, lowest somatic cell score, and lowest milking time. Results of the present study evidenced that such traits could be used in the dairy buffaloes as indicators to improve udder health and milkability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Boselli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute Lazio and Toscana Mariano Aleandri, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Costa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Borghese
- General Secretary International Buffalo Federation, Former Director Animal Production Research Institute, Rome, Italy
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Diana A, Santinello M, Penasa M, Scali F, Magni E, Alborali GL, Bertocchi L, De Marchi M. Use of antimicrobials in beef cattle: an observational study in the north of Italy. Prev Vet Med 2020; 181:105032. [PMID: 32531531 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide issue whereby a more prudent use of medications is needed, especially for those antimicrobials (AM) classified as 'highest priority critically important antimicrobials' (HPCIAs) which are likely contributors to the development of resistance. So far, data on antimicrobial use (AMU) in EU are mainly reported at sales level while information on real use, mostly in beef production, is poor. The most reliable indicator to measure AMU is the treatment incidence (TI100) calculated by using the Defined Daily Dose Animal (DDDA) as stated by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Although Italy ranks second among EU countries with regard to the AM sales in livestock production, data on AMU of the Italian beef production is still lacking, whereby the aim of this study was to provide information on the current scenario of AMU in Italian beef cattle. Data were collected from January 2016 to April 2019 from specialized beef fattening farms located in the north of Italy yielding a final dataset of 1376 batches. Data on performance and AM agents used in the study were collected and TI100 indexes per batch were calculated according to both Italian and EMA's DDDA. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to check for differences between years and seasons. Results showed a significant variation between years and seasons with a reduction of TI100 based on Italian DDDA as time progressed (P < 0.05). However, about 40% of the total amount of treatments administered were HPCIAs with macrolides accounting for the 27.7% of the total amount. The most common reasons of administration of AM were respiratory diseases (68.9%) and lameness (17.6%). Penicillins was the class of AM used on the highest proportion of batches (84.4%) showing that broad-spectrum AM were widely exploited among herds. In summary, despite a general reduction of AMU in beef cattle over time, a great use of HPCIAs was still observed suggesting that AM stewardship for Italian beef production should pay particular emphasis on the reduction of HPCIAs use. This shows how overall knowledge on where efforts need to be optimized is important to develop targeted strategies for a more responsible AM stewardship. Results of the current study may also contribute to define national and EU benchmark criteria for AMU, as a comparison with studies carried out in other countries or on other food-producing sectors is still challenging to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Diana
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Matteo Santinello
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Sector Diagnostic and Animal Health, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Magni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Sector Diagnostic and Animal Health, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Sector Diagnostic and Animal Health, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini' (IZSLER), Sector Diagnostic and Animal Health, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Manuelian CL, Penasa M, da Costa L, Burbi S, Righi F, De Marchi M. Organic Livestock Production: A Bibliometric Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040618. [PMID: 32260200 PMCID: PMC7222723 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The organic livestock sector has been experiencing a fast growth and, lately, organic farming has become a trending topic. However, the scientific research behind the organic livestock sector is not often clear. A bibliometric review is the first approach to a topic because it helps to provide an overview of the research conducted on the topic itself. It identifies the countries involved in organic livestock production research and the scientific interaction between countries and authors, and it allows to map the keywords of the published papers. These are all key aspects to bear in mind when starting a new research area or writing a research proposal. The bibliometric analysis conducted here includes peer-reviewed documents to guarantee, from a scientific point of view, the quality of the selected studies. In this paper, we present a new technique to analyze the literature from a bibliometric point of view, and the results and conclusions extracted from the investigated topic (i.e., organic livestock production). Abstract Due to the increasing interest in organic farming, an overview of this research area is provided through a bibliometric analysis conducted between April and May 2019. A total of 320 documents were published up until 2018 on organic livestock farming, with an annual growth rate of 9.33% and a clear increase since 2005; 268 documents have been published in 111 journals. Germany is the country with the largest number of published papers (56 documents). Authors’ top keywords (excluding keywords used for running the search) included: animal welfare (29 times), animal health (22 times), cattle (15 times), grazing (10 times), and sheep (10 times). This could indicate that more research has been done on cattle because of the importance of this species in Germany. Moreover, the prevalence of the terms ‘animal welfare’ and ‘animal health’ may indicate that the research on organic livestock production has been focused on these two areas. The bibliometric analysis indicates that: (i) countries focused the organic livestock production research on their main production, and (ii) more research in species other than cattle and sheep is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen L. Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Luciana da Costa
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Sara Burbi
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Ryton Gardens, Wolston Lane, Ryton-on-Dunsmore CV8 3LG, UK;
| | - Federico Righi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; (C.L.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Koczura M, Martin B, Turille G, De Marchi M, Kreuzer M, Berard J. Milk composition, but not cheese properties, are impaired the day after transhumance to alpine pastures. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Currò S, Manuelian CL, De Marchi M, Claps S, Rufrano D, Neglia G. Effects of Breed and Stage of Lactation on Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Italian Goat Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E764. [PMID: 31623398 PMCID: PMC6826614 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) profile plays an important role on human health and on sensory quality of dairy products. There is few information about breed influence on milk FA profile of local goat breeds. This study aimed to characterize and compare the milk FA profile of 5 local endangered goat breeds (Garganica, Girgentana, Jonica, Maltese, and Mediterranean Red) and a cosmopolitan breed (Saanen) reared in the same farm during a complete lactation. A total of 252 milk samples were collected monthly from 42 goats (7 goats per breed) and analyzed for gross composition and FA profile. Individual FA was determined using gas-chromatography. Data were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures with breed and week of lactation as fixed effects. Results showed that the FA profile was significantly affected by week of lactation and only few FA by breed effect (p < 0.05). Overall, the main differences were found between Saanen and local breeds. This study contributed to the characterization of goat milk FA profile, and it may be of interest for the valorization of milk from local goat breeds which seem to have a healthier profile than milk of the cosmopolitan breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Currò
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Carmen L Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Salvatore Claps
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis-Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, 85051 Bella Muro (PZ), Italy.
| | - Domenico Rufrano
- Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis-Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, 85051 Bella Muro (PZ), Italy.
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (DMVPA), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80137 Napoli, Italy.
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Goi A, Manuelian CL, Currò S, Marchi MD. Prediction of Mineral Composition in Commercial Extruded Dry Dog Food by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090640. [PMID: 31480585 PMCID: PMC6770719 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pet food industry is interested in performing fast analyses to control the nutritional quality of their products. This study assessed the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy to predict mineral content in extruded dry dog food. Mineral content in commercial dry dog food samples (n = 119) was quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and reflectance spectra (850-2500 nm) captured with FOSS NIRS DS2500 spectrometer. Calibration models were built using modified partial least square regression and leave-one-out cross-validation. The best prediction models were obtained for S (coefficient of determination; R2 = 0.89), K (R2 = 0.85), and Li (R2 = 0.74), followed by P, B, and Sr (R2 = 0.72 each). Only prediction models for S and K were adequate for screening purposes. This study supports that minerals are difficult to determine with NIRS if they are not associated with organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Goi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Carmen L Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Sarah Currò
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Currò S, De Marchi M, Claps S, Salzano A, De Palo P, Manuelian CL, Neglia G. Differences in the Detailed Milk Mineral Composition of Italian Local and Saanen Goat Breeds. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E412. [PMID: 31269750 PMCID: PMC6680847 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little information about local breed goat milk is available, which is relevant for biodiversity preservation and local cheese production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of breed and week of lactation on milk mineral profile of five Italian local breeds (Garganica, Girgentana, Jonica, Maltese and Mediterranean Red) and a cosmopolitan breed (Saanen). Sixty goats (10 per breed) from an experimental farm were enrolled in the study and sampled every 2 weeks for milk gross composition analysis. In addition, an individual milk sample was collected monthly from 42 goats (seven goats per breed) for mineral determination through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Data were analysed using a mixed linear model with repeated measures, including breed and week of lactation as fixed effects. Week of lactation affected mineral contents, except for B, being lower in early than late lactation, whereas, breed affected only P, Mg and Zn. Mediterranean Red and Jonica breeds' milk was richer in P than Maltese, and in Zn than Maltese, Girgentana and Saanen breeds. For Mg, only Saanen differed from Maltese. Such information might be useful for the valorisation of goat milk produced by autochthonous breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Currò
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Unit for the Extensive Animal Husbandry (CREA-ZOE), Via Appia Bella Scalo, 85054 Muro Lucano (PZ), Italy
| | - Angela Salzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (DMVPA), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli (NA), Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, S.P. per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano (BA), Italy
| | - Carmen L Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (DMVPA), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli (NA), Italy
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Pappalardo SE, Gislimberti L, Ferrarese F, De Marchi M, Mozzi P. Estimation of potential soil erosion in the Prosecco DOCG area (NE Italy), toward a soil footprint of bottled sparkling wine production in different land-management scenarios. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210922. [PMID: 31042756 PMCID: PMC6493712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural lands are the widest Human-modified ecosystems, making crop production the most extensive form of land use on Earth. However, in conventional agricultural land management, soil erosion may be boosted up to 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the natural rates of soil production, making unproductive about the 30% of the world's arable. Nowadays in Europe, vineyards represent the most erosion-prone agricultural lands, especially in Mediterranean countries, showing the highest erosion rates in comparison to other type of land uses. Prosecco wine is produced in NE Italy by a rate of 400 M bottles per year, with the fastest growing demand in the global market at present. A production of 90 M bottles year-1 is currently running in the historical Prosecco DOCG (215 km2), in a steep hilly landscape of Veneto Region (Conegliano-Valdobbiadene). To sustain wine production, agricultural intensification is at present increasing, by re-setting of hillslopes and land use changes towards new vineyard plantations. The aim of this study is to estimate and to map potential soil erosion rate, calculating a sort of "soil footprint" for wine production in different agricultural land-management scenarios. RUSLE model was adopted to estimate potential soil erosion in Mg ha-1 year-1, by using high resolution topographic data (LiDAR), 10 years rainfall data analysis, detailed land use and local soil characteristics. For a conventional land-management scenario the estimated that total potential soil erosion in the Prosecco DOCG area is 411,266 Mg year-1, with an erosion rate of 19.5 Mg ha year-1. Modelled soil erosion is mainly clustered on steep slopes, with rates higher than 40 Mg ha-1 year-1. In Prosecco vineyards potential soil erosion could reach 300,180 Mg year-1, by a mean rate of 43.7 Mg ha-1 year-1, which is 31 times higher than the upper limit of tolerable soil erosion threshold defined for Europe. In contrast, simulation of different nature-based scenarios (hedgerows, buffer strips, and grass cover) showed soil erosion could be effectively reduced: a 100% inter-row grass cover showed a reduction of almost 3 times in vineyards (from 43.7 to 14.6 Mg ha-1 year-1), saving about 50% of soil in the whole Prosecco DOCG. The soil footprint modelled for a conventional land-management scenario is about 3.3 kg every bottle produced; in contrast it would be reduced to 1.1 kg/bottle in the completely green land-management scenario. This study, as the first estimation of potential soil erosion at Prosecco DOCG scale, suggests that an integrated and public soil erosion monitoring system is strongly needed in viticultural area, by implementing direct/indirect field measures with spatial analyses at agricultural landscape scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore E. Pappalardo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (ICEA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gislimberti
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (ICEA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrarese
- Department of Historical and Geographic Sciences and the Ancient world (DiSSGeA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (ICEA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Mozzi
- Department of Geoscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Franzoi M, Niero G, Visentin G, Penasa M, Cassandro M, De Marchi M. Variation of Detailed Protein Composition of Cow Milk Predicted from a Large Database of Mid-Infrared Spectra. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040176. [PMID: 31003454 PMCID: PMC6523433 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Milk proteins are one of the most valuable milk components. The objective of the present study was to assess sources of variation of detailed protein composition predicted from infrared spectra in milk of dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds. Results showed that protein fractions were primarily influenced by days in milk, and the relative proportion of each fraction through lactation was not constant. Protein fractions correlated with crude protein, total casein, fat and milk urea nitrogen. In perspective, mid-infrared predictions of milk fractions could be useful for the dairy sector to improve nutritional and technological properties of milk. Abstract This study aimed to investigate factors affecting protein fractions, namely α-casein (α-CN), β-casein (β-CN), κ-casein (κ-CN), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and α-lactalbumin (α-LA) predicted from milk infrared spectra in milk of dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds. The dataset comprised 735,328 observations from 49,049 cows in 1782 herds. Results highlighted significant differences of protein fractions in milk of the studied breeds. Significant variations of protein fractions were found also through parities and lactation, with the latter thoroughly influencing protein fractions percentage. Interesting correlations (r) were estimated between β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG, expressed as percentage of crude protein, and milk urea nitrogen (r = 0.31, −0.20 and −0.26, respectively) and between α-LA and fat percentage (r = 0.41). The present study paves the way for future studies on the associations between protein fractions and milk technological properties, and for the estimation of genetic parameters of predicted protein composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franzoi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Niero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Giulio Visentin
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori della Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana, Via Bergamo 292, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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Currò S, Manuelian CL, De Marchi M, De Palo P, Claps S, Maggiolino A, Campanile G, Rufrano D, Fontana A, Pedota G, Neglia G. Autochthonous dairy goat breeds showed better milk quality than Saanen under the same environmental conditions. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:83-89. [PMID: 31807617 PMCID: PMC6852846 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-83-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on goat milk have mainly focused on cosmopolitan breeds
and very limited information is available on local breeds, which is important
for biodiversity preservation and local cheese production. The aim of this
study was to evaluate the breed effect on milk yield, composition and somatic
cell score (SCS) of five local Italian goat breeds (Garganica, Girgentana,
Jonica, Maltese and Mediterranean Red) compared with a cosmopolitan
specialized dairy breed (Saanen). A total of 60 goats (10 per breed) from an
experimental farm were enrolled in the study. Milk yield, composition and SCS
were recorded and analyzed every 2 weeks during the entire lactation. Data
were analyzed using a mixed model with repeated measures. Saanen yielded
between 0.27 and 0.62 kg day-1 more milk than the local breeds. Among
local breeds, Maltese and Jonica were the most productive, with an average of
1.28 and 1.25 kg day-1, respectively, while Mediterranean Red,
Garganica and Girgentana produced ≤1 kg day-1. Saanen had the
highest SCS (6.81) and the lowest fat content (3.26 %). In relation to
protein, Garganica showed the greatest content (3.71 %), and Saanen had a similar content to other local breeds (3.42 %) except for Maltese, which
was lower (3.11 %). Saanen and Garganica had the lowest lactose
percentage (4.28 % and 4.26 %, respectively). All breeds followed a
similar pattern across lactation: SCS and fat and protein content peaked at
the end of the lactation, whereas lactose percentage was highest at the
beginning of the lactation. Differences between Saanen and the local breeds
for milk yield, composition and SCS were consistent across lactation. In
conclusion, local breeds produced less milk but with lower SCS and greater fat
and lactose content than the Saanen cosmopolitan breed, suggesting a better milk
quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Currò
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Carmen L Manuelian
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Massimo De Marchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (BA), 70010, Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Animal Production and Acquaculture (CREA-ZA), Muro Lucano (PZ), 85054, Italy
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano (BA), 70010, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (DMVPA), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Domenico Rufrano
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Animal Production and Acquaculture (CREA-ZA), Muro Lucano (PZ), 85054, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Neglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production (DMVPA), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, 80137, Italy
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Niero G, Penasa M, Costa A, Currò S, Visentin G, Cassandro M, De Marchi M. Total antioxidant activity of bovine milk: Phenotypic variation and predictive ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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