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Chastanet M, Debret M, Gardes T, Schäfer J, Abdou M, Lestel L, Morereau A, Mourier B, Grosbois C, Eyrolle F, Coynel A. Contrasting platinum trajectories in three major French rivers using dated sediment cores (1910-2021): From geochemical baseline to emerging source signals. Sci Total Environ 2024; 931:172937. [PMID: 38701925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) is a Technology Critical Element (TCE) which, since the 1990s, has been mainly used in the industry in catalytic converters for automobile emission control. Previous studies have shown Pt contamination of road-side sediments and surface sediments in urban rivers and lakes but few of them have addressed temporal variations. The present work presents historical Pt concentration trends in 137Cs-dated sediment cores from floodplains or secondary channels at the outlets of three major French watersheds (Loire, Rhone, and Seine Rivers) covering the past ∼110 years, i.e., from the 1910s to 2021. Platinum baseline levels in the sediment were estimated for the Loire River (0.76 ± 0.22 μg kg-1 for the period ∼1910-∼1955) and the Rhone River (1.64 ± 0.41 μg kg-1), and historical Pt variations seem to reflect variations in hydrodynamics and grain size composition. Since the early 2000s, Pt concentrations in the Loire and the Rhone River sediments tend to increase (>2.5 μg kg-1) and were attributed to the use of car catalytic converters, an emerging technology since the 1990s using >50 % of European Pt demand. High and variable historical Pt concentrations (up to 14.6 μg kg-1) in the Seine River sediments may reflect legacy Pt sources due to former anthropogenic activities in this watershed, such as the use of Pt-based catalysts for petroleum refinery since the end of the 1940s, coal handling and precious metals refining, probably concealing the likely presence of an emerging traffic-related Pt signal. This first comparison of historical Pt concentration trends in sediments from contrasting watersheds allows to distinguish signals originating from different natural and anthropogenic sources (background level, historical sources, road traffic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Chastanet
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Maxime Debret
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Université Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Gardes
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jörg Schäfer
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mélina Abdou
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | | | | - Brice Mourier
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, Vaulx-en-Velin F-69518, France
| | - Cécile Grosbois
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 Géohydrosystèmes Continentaux (GéHCO), Parc de Grandmont, Cedex, Tours 37200, France
| | - Frédérique Eyrolle
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV, SRTE/LRTA, BP 3, 13115 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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Portet-Koltalo F, Humbert K, Cosme J, Debret M, Morin C, Le Gohlisse S. Measuring aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments by direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: Matrix effects and quantification challenges. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464895. [PMID: 38608367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Direct sample introduction thermal desorption (TD) coupled to GC-MS was investigated for the analysis of paraffinic hydrocarbons (HCs) from polluted sediments. TD-GC-MS is sometimes used for analysing paraffinic HCs from atmospheric particles but rarely for their direct desorption from sediments. So, the new TD methodology, applied to sediments, required development, optimization and validation. A definitive screening experimental design was performed to discriminate the critical factors on TD efficiency, from model sediments containing various organic matter (OM) amounts. Low molecular weight HCs had extraction behaviours markedly different from high molecular ones (HMW-HCs), but a compromise was found using very few sediment amount (5 mg), high temperature rate (55 °C min-1) and final temperature (350 °C). Linear HCs (n-C10 to n-C40) could be quantified using the matrix-matched calibration method, with very low detection limits (3.8-13.4 ng). The amount of the overall paraffinic alkanes was also determined as a sum of unresolved components between predefined equivalent carbon ranges. The developed solventless methodology was compared to an optimized solvent microwave assisted extraction (MAE). Matrix effects could be higher for TD compared to MAE but it depended on sediment matrix. When matrix effect was strong, particularly on HMW-HCs signal depletion, a dilution with pure non-porous sand was favourable for accurate quantification. The sum of resolved and unresolved HCs gave comparable results between MAE and TD extractions, with an exception of alkanes greater than C30 which were less quantitatively extracted via TD. However, TD-GC-MS was more sensitive than MAE-GC-MS. So TD-GC-MS is useful for analyzing sediments containing a great range of paraffinic HCs (C9-C34) and it has the advantages of being fully automated, with few sample preparation and operator intervention, using very low amounts of solvent, and generating few wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Portet-Koltalo
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France.
| | - Kévin Humbert
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France; M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan CEDEX 76821, France
| | - Julie Cosme
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France
| | - Maxime Debret
- M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, Mont Saint Aignan CEDEX 76821, France
| | - Christophe Morin
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France
| | - Steeven Le Gohlisse
- COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, 55 rue Saint Germain, Evreux 27000, France
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Da Costa C, Colin Y, Debret M, Copard Y, Gardes T, Jacq K, Ayrault S, Berthe T. Shifts in sediment bacterial communities reflect changes in depositional environments in a fluviatile context. Sci Total Environ 2023; 885:163890. [PMID: 37142032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are complex heterogeneous matrices allowing to some extent the recording of past environmental conditions by integrating sediment characteristics, contamination and the microbial community assembly. In aquatic environments, abiotic environmental filtering is considered the primary deterministic mechanism shaping microbial communities in sediments. However, the number and relative contributions of geochemical and physical factors associated with biotic parameters (reservoir of microorganisms) complicate our understanding of community assembly dynamics. In this study, the sampling of a sedimentary archive in a site alternately subjected to contrasting inputs from the Eure and the Seine Rivers allowed us to study the response of microbial communities to changes in depositional environment over time. The coupling of the quantification and sequencing of the gene encoding the 16S rRNA with analyses of grain size, organic matter and major and trace metal contents demonstrated that microbial communities reflected contrasting sedimentary inputs over time. Total organic carbon (TOC) was the main factor influencing microbial biomass, while the quantity and quality of organic matter (R400, RC/TOC), major elements (i.e. Al, Fe, Ti) and trace metals (i.e. Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Co, Ag, Sb) shaped the structure of the microbial community. Besides the effect of geochemical factors, a specific microbial signature was associated with the contrasting sedimentary sources, highlighting the importance of the microbial reservoir in the assembly of microbial communities. Indeed, the main genera identified in the facies influenced by the Eure River were affiliated with the phyla Desulfobacterota (Syntrophus, Syntrophorhabdus, Smithella, Desulfatiglans), Firmicutes (Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1), Proteobacteria (Crenothrix), Verrucomicrobiota (Luteolibacter), while the contributions of the Seine River were characterised by some halophilic genera Salirhabdus (Firmicutes), Haliangium (Myxococcota) SCGC-AB-539-J10 (Chloroflexi). This study sheds light on the overall processes determining the assembly of microbial communities in sediments and the importance of associating geochemical factors with reservoirs of microorganisms inherited from sediment sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Da Costa
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Yannick Colin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Maxime Debret
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Yoann Copard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Gardes
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Kevin Jacq
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Ayrault
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), Unité Mixte de Recherche 8212 (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Berthe
- Univ Rouen Normandie, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C UMR 6143, F-76000 Rouen, France
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Humbert K, Debret M, Morin C, Cosme J, Portet-Koltalo F. Direct thermal desorption-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry versus microwave assisted extraction and GC-MS for the simultaneous analysis of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, PCBs) from sediments. Talanta 2022; 250:123735. [PMID: 35839607 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are regulated contaminants usually investigated in sediments. Conventional approaches often use GC-MS to analyse them with a preliminary extraction step which can be solvent- and time-consuming. Here two extraction methodologies were optimized using experimental designs, and compared: microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and thermal desorption (TD); the latter was rarely used for sediments analyses. Several factors that may influence extraction recoveries were studied including matrix parameters (mass, organic matter (OM) content) and processing parameters. A definitive screening design DSD was performed to screen the 6 most influencing factors and model the extraction recoveries using TD. Whatever the OM content, a minimum sediment mass (5 mg) was better for an optimal extraction, with a minimum temperature rate (15 °C min-1), a maximum final temperature (350 °C) associated with a minimum hold time (5 min), and a maximum vent flow (150 mL min-1) between the TD unit and the cryogenic trap. Thereafter matrix effects were evaluated using standard addition, and quality assurance and control were implemented for comparing MAE and TD. TD-GC-MS/MS sensitivity was higher than MAE-GC-MS with detection limits in the range 5-1160 pg and 20-125 pg for PAHs and PCBs, respectively. When considering the appropriate strategy for quantification, TD was also reliable for sediments analysis. Although MAE was less sensitive to matrix effects, TD could significantly improve the analytical process, due to direct coupling with GC-MS/MS and complete automation. Moreover, TD offered possible higher spatial resolution than MAE, particularly for sediment cores analysis, due to the 1000-times lower sample size. At last, TD-GC-MS/MS appeared as a greener analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Humbert
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - Maxime Debret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - Christophe Morin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
| | - Julie Cosme
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
| | - Florence Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000, Evreux, France.
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Jacq K, Rapuc W, Benoit A, Coquin D, Fanget B, Perrette Y, Sabatier P, Wilhelm B, Debret M, Arnaud F. Sedimentary structure discrimination with hyperspectral imaging in sediment cores. Sci Total Environ 2022; 817:152018. [PMID: 34856285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-destructive, high-resolution imaging technique that is currently under significant development for analyzing geological areas with remote devices or natural samples in a laboratory. In both cases, the hyperspectral image provides several sedimentary structures that must be separated to temporally and spatially describe the sample. Sediment sequences are composed of successive deposits (strata, homogenite, flood) that are visible depending on sample properties. The classical methods to identify them are time-consuming, have a low spatial resolution (millimeters) and are generally based on naked-eye counting. In this study, we compare several supervised classification algorithms to discriminate sedimentological structures in lake sediments. Instantaneous events in lake sediments are generally linked to extreme geodynamical events (e.g., floods, earthquakes), so their identification and counting are essential to understand long-term fluctuations and improve hazard assessments. Identification and counting are done by reconstructing a chronicle of event layer occurrence, including estimation of deposit thicknesses. Here, we applied two hyperspectral imaging sensors (Visible Near-Infrared, VNIR, 60 μm, 400-1000 nm; Short Wave Infrared, SWIR, 200 μm, 1000-2500 nm) on three sediment cores from different lake systems. We highlight that the SWIR sensor is the optimal one for creating robust classification models with discriminant analyses (prediction accuracies of 0.87-0.98). Indeed, the VNIR sensor is impacted by the surface reliefs and structures that are not in the learning set, which causes mis-classification. These observations are also valid for the combined sensor (VNIR-SWIR) and the RGB images. Several spatial and spectral pre-processing were also compared and enabled one to highlight discriminant information specific to a sample and a sensor. These works show that the combined use of hyperspectral imaging and machine learning improves the characterization of sedimentary structures compared to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Jacq
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France; Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LISTIC, 74000 Annecy, France.
| | - William Rapuc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | | | - Didier Coquin
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LISTIC, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - Bernard Fanget
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Yves Perrette
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Bruno Wilhelm
- Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Debret
- Univ. Rouen Normandie, Univ. Caen, CNRS, M2C, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Fabien Arnaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
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Dendievel AM, Grosbois C, Ayrault S, Evrard O, Coynel A, Debret M, Gardes T, Euzen C, Schmitt L, Chabaux F, Winiarski T, Van Der Perk M, Mourier B. Key factors influencing metal concentrations in sediments along Western European Rivers: A long-term monitoring study (1945-2020). Sci Total Environ 2022; 805:149778. [PMID: 34818795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since 1945, a large amount of heterogeneous data has been acquired to survey river sediment quality, especially concerning regulatory metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Large-scale syntheses are critical to assess the effectiveness of public regulations and the resiliency of the river systems. Accordingly, this data synthesis proposes a first attempt to decipher spatio-temporal trends of metal contamination along seven major continental rivers in Western Europe (France, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands). A large dataset (>12,000 samples) from various sediment matrices (bed and flood deposits - BFD, suspended particulate matter - SPM, dated sediment cores - DSC) was set up based on monitoring and scientific research from the 1950s to the 2010s. This work investigates the impact of analytical protocols (matrix sampling, fractionation, extraction), location and time factors (related to geology and anthropogenic activities) on metal concentration trends. Statistical analyses highlight crossed-interactions in space and time, as well as between sediment matrices (metal concentrations in SPM ≃ DSC > BFD) and extraction procedures (also related to river lithology). Major spatio-temporal trends are found along several rivers such as (i) an increase of metal concentrations downstream of the main urban industrial areas (e.g. Paris-Rouen corridor on the Seine River, Bonn-Duisburg corridor on the Rhine River), (ii) a long-term influence of former mining areas located in crystalline zones, releasing heavily contaminated sediments for decades (Upper Loire River, Middle Meuse section), (iii) a decrease of metal concentrations since the 1970s (except for Cr and Ni, rather low and stable over time). The improvement of sediment quality in the most recent years in Europe reflects a decisive role of environment policies, such as more efficient wastewater treatments, local applications of the Water Framework Directive and urban industrial changes in the river valleys.
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Affiliation(s)
- André-Marie Dendievel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
| | - Cécile Grosbois
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéoHydrosystèmes Continentaux, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Ayrault
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Evrard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE-IPSL), UMR 8212 (CEA/CNRS/UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC, F-33615 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maxime Debret
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, UMR 6143 M2C, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Thomas Gardes
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, UMR 6143 M2C, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Cassandra Euzen
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7362 LIVE, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Schmitt
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7362 LIVE, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Chabaux
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ENGEES, UMR 7063 ITE, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Winiarski
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Marcel Van Der Perk
- Utrecht University, Department of Physical Geography, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Brice Mourier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
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Gardes T, Portet-Koltalo F, Debret M, Copard Y. Historical and post-ban releases of organochlorine pesticides recorded in sediment deposits in an agricultural watershed, France. Environ Pollut 2021; 288:117769. [PMID: 34265561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) increased during the twentieth century but many of them have been progressively banned several decades after their introduction. Nevertheless, these lipophilic chemical compounds may persist in soils and sediments. From sediment deposits, it is possible to reconstruct the chronology of OCP releases in relation to former applications through time. Nevertheless, long-term fate of OCPs i.e. source, transfer, and storage through the watershed, is also related to the OCPs-sediment characteristics interactions, and our study showed the significant links between OCPs and labile or refractory organic matter. From sediment cores collected in a mainly agricultural watershed, the Eure River watershed (France), aldrin and lindane widespread applications during the 1950s-1970s have been recorded. While lindane applications declined after that date, according to the temporal trend of the stable isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), α-, and γ-HCH have been recorded at significant levels in the 2000s, suggesting first local post-ban applications. Nevertheless, the relationships between these OCPs and labile organic matter resulted in an overestimation of the post-ban releases. Also, the detection of stable metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (i.e. 4,4'-DDE) and heptachlor (i.e. heptachlor epoxide) several decades after their ban, revealed the role of old deep soils erosion in the chronology of OCP releases and thus the reemergence of stable transformation products from historical OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gardes
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | | | - Maxime Debret
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Yoann Copard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000, Rouen, France
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Gardes T, Debret M, Copard Y, Coynel A, Deloffre J, Fournier M, Revillon S, Nizou J, Develle AL, Sabatier P, Marcotte S, Patault E, Faivre Q, Portet-Koltalo F. Flux estimation, temporal trends and source determination of trace metal contamination in a major tributary of the Seine estuary, France. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138249. [PMID: 32408455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on rivers have increased significantly over the past ~150 years, particularly at the beginning of the industrial revolution. Among other signs, this impact is manifested through the addition of trace metals and metalloid elements to rivers. The Eure River watershed in France covers an area of 6017 km2 and is a major tributary of the Seine estuary. It is not exempt from anthropogenic pressures and has been exposed to significant metal discharges over the last 80 years. The average concentrations of metals (i.e., Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sb, and Pb), in suspended particulate matter currently transported by the river are high compared to the local geochemical background. Moreover, the lack of correlation between concentration variations and the hydrosedimentary behaviour of the Eure River suggests that the river is currently under anthropogenic pressure. Analysis of sediment cores indicate strong As contamination during the 1940s, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, and Cd contamination during the 1960s and 1970s, and Sb and Pb contamination during the 1990s and 2000s. The enrichment factors calculation suggests that total anthropogenic pressure within the Eure River watershed since the 1940s was comparable or higher than those in many other French watersheds. An estimation of particulate metal flux in 2017 shows that the Eure River watershed contributed to 7, 8, 9, 10 and 16% of total inputs to the Seine estuary in Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb respectively. Moreover, the estimation of past theoretical flux indicates that during the 1990s the Eure River watershed was the main contributor of particulate Pb to the estuary. The use of Pb isotopes has revealed that this contamination was primarily of industrial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gardes
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, Rouen, UMR CNRS, 6014 COBRA, 55 Rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - Maxime Debret
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Yoann Copard
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Alexandra Coynel
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5085, 33615 Pessac, France
| | - Julien Deloffre
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Matthieu Fournier
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Jean Nizou
- IFREMER, IUEM, Place N. Copernic, F-29280 Brest, France
| | - Anne-Lise Develle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Stéphane Marcotte
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, INSA de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6014 COBRA, Avenue de l'Université, 76801 Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Patault
- Normandie Univ, Rouen, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, M2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Quentin Faivre
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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Portet-Koltalo F, Gardes T, Debret M, Copard Y, Marcotte S, Morin C, Laperdrix Q. Bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs, PCBs) and trace elements: Influencing factors and determination in a river sediment core. J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121499. [PMID: 31685316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM), clays, sand or time are factors possibly influencing the bioaccessibility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from sediments. An experimental design was performed to monitor and quantify this process. The bioaccessible fraction, linked to the rapidly-desorbing fraction (Frap) of contaminants, was assessed through a non-exhaustive extraction using a carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer. OM content was the most influential factor as regards Frap. Clay percentage was a slightly influential factor for PAHs while the interaction sand × OM was a slightly influential factor for PCBs. Frap was also determined in a sediment core collected from Martot's Pond (France). The higher the PAH/PCB concentration in this sediment, the higher the bioaccessible fraction. The relationship between a lower bioaccessibility and a higher number of PAHs cycles or PCB chlorines was linear. OM content impacted on Frap only for PAHs. Sequential extractions of some trace elements were also performed to evaluate their mobility. Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni were the less bioaccessible. A great part of As, Cd and Zn was found in the most bioaccessible sediment fractions. The 40-65 cm section might be considered as the most negatively impacting on the aquatic fauna, due to Cd and Zn high bioaccessible concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - T Gardes
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France; Normandie University, UNIROUEN, M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - M Debret
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - Y Copard
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, M2C Laboratory UMR 6143, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Bâtiment Blondel, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
| | - S Marcotte
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - C Morin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
| | - Q Laperdrix
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, COBRA Laboratory UMR CNRS 6014, 55 rue Saint Germain, 27000 Evreux, France.
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10
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Mourier B, Labadie P, Desmet M, Grosbois C, Raux J, Debret M, Copard Y, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Babut M. Combined spatial and retrospective analysis of fluoroalkyl chemicals in fluvial sediments reveal changes in levels and patterns over the last 40 years. Environ Pollut 2019; 253:1117-1125. [PMID: 31434189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bed sediments and a dated sediment core were collected upstream and downstream from the city of Lyon (France) to assess the spatial and temporal trends of contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in this section of the Rhône River. Upstream from Lyon, concentrations of total PFASs (ΣPFASs) in sediments are low (between 0.19 and 2.6 ng g-1 dry weight - dw), being characterized by a high proportion of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Downstream from Lyon, and also from a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant, ΣPFASs concentrations reach 48.7 ng g-1 dw. A gradual decrease of concentrations is reported at the coring site further downstream (38 km). Based on a dated sediment core, the temporal evolution of PFASs is reconstructed from 1984 to 2013. Prior to 1987, ΣPFASs concentrations were low (≤2 ng g-1 dw), increasing to a maximum of 51 ng g-1 dw in the 1990s and then decreasing from 2002 to the present day (∼10 ng g-1 dw). In terms of the PFAS pattern, the proportion of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) has remained stable since the 1980s (∼10%), whereas large variations are reported for carboxylic acids (PFCAs). Long chain- (C > 8) PFCAs characterized by an even number of perfluorinated carbons represent about 74% of the total PFAS load until 2005. However, from 2005 to 2013, the relative contribution of long chain- (C > 8) PFCAs with an odd number of perfluorinated carbons reaches 80%. Such changes in the PFAS pattern likely highlight a major shift in the industrial production process. This spatial and retrospective study provides valuable insights into the long-term contamination patterns of PFAS chemicals in river basins impacted by both urban and industrial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mourier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENTPE, CNRS, INRA, USC 1369, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69518, Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
| | - P Labadie
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux I, 351 crs de la libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Desmet
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - C Grosbois
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - J Raux
- Université de Tours, EA 6293 GéHCO, Parc de Grandmont, F-37200 Tours, France
| | - M Debret
- UMR 6143 - M2C, Université de Rouen, Place E. Blondel, Bat. IRESE A, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France
| | - Y Copard
- UMR 6143 - M2C, Université de Rouen, Place E. Blondel, Bat. IRESE A, F-76821 Mont St Aignan, France
| | - P Pardon
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux I, 351 crs de la libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - H Budzinski
- UMR 5805 EPOC, Université de Bordeaux I, 351 crs de la libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - M Babut
- IRSTEA, RIVERLY Research Unit, Lyon-Villeurbanne Center, 5 avenue de la Doua - CS 20244, F-69625 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Jacq K, Perrette Y, Fanget B, Sabatier P, Coquin D, Martinez-Lamas R, Debret M, Arnaud F. High-resolution prediction of organic matter concentration with hyperspectral imaging on a sediment core. Sci Total Environ 2019; 663:236-244. [PMID: 30711590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the case of environmental samples, the use of a chemometrics-based prediction model is highly challenging because of the difficulty in experimentally creating a well-ranged reference sample set. In this study, we present a methodology using short wave infrared hyperspectral imaging to create a partial least squares regression model on a cored sediment sample. It was applied to a sediment core of the well-known Lake Bourget (Western Alps, France) to develop and validate a model for downcore high resolution LOI550 measurements used as a proxy of the organic matter. In lake and marine sediment, the organic matter content is widely used, for example, to reconstruct carbon flux variations through time. Organic matter analysis through routine analysis methods is time- and material-consuming, as well as not spatially resolved. A new instrument based on hyperspectral imaging allows high spatial and spectral resolutions to be acquired all along a sediment core. In this study, we obtain a model characterized by a 0.95 r prediction, with 0.77 wt% of model uncertainty based on 27 relevant wavelengths. The concentration map shows the variation inside each laminae and flood deposit. LOI550 reference values obtained with the loss on ignition are highly correlated to the inc/coh ratio used as a proxy of the organic matter in X-ray fluorescence with a correlation coefficient of 0.81. This ratio is also correlated with the averaged subsampled hyperspectral prediction with a r of 0.65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Jacq
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France; Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance (LISTIC), Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, 74944 Annecy Le Vieux Cedex, France.
| | - Yves Perrette
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Bernard Fanget
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Didier Coquin
- Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance (LISTIC), Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, 74944 Annecy Le Vieux Cedex, France
| | - Ruth Martinez-Lamas
- Laboratoire de Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6143, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, Université de Caen, UMR CNRS 6143, 14000 Caen, France; IFREMER, UR Géosciences Marines, Laboratoire Géophysique et Enregistrements Sédimentaires, BP70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Maxime Debret
- Laboratoire de Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, Université de Rouen, UMR CNRS 6143, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France, Université de Caen, UMR CNRS 6143, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Fabien Arnaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, EDYTEM, 73000 Chambéry, France
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Jouffroy-Bapicot I, Vannière B, Iglesias V, Debret M, Delarras JF. 2000 Years of Grazing History and the Making of the Cretan Mountain Landscape, Greece. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156875. [PMID: 27280287 PMCID: PMC4900590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes that led to the recent evolution of Mediterranean landscapes is a challenging question that can be addressed with paleoecological data. Located in the White Mountains of Crete, Asi Gonia peat bog constitutes an exceptional 2000-years-long sedimentary archive of environmental change. In this study, we document the making of the White Mountains landscape and assess human impact on ecosystem trajectories. The paleoenvironmental reconstruction is based on high-resolution analyses of sediment, pollen, dung fungal spores and charcoal obtained from a 6-m core collected from the bog. Multiproxy analyses and a robust chronological control have shed light on anthropogenic and natural processes that have driven ecological changes, giving rise to the present-day Mediterranean ecosystem. Our results suggest that sediment accumulation began during the transition from the Hellenistic to the Roman period, likely due to watershed management. The evolution of the peat bog as well as vegetation dynamics in the surrounding area were linked to past climate changes but were driven by human activities, among which breeding was of great importance. Charcoal analysis reveals that fire was largely used for the construction and maintenance of sylvo-agropastoral areas. Pollen data allow the identification of three main vegetation assemblages: 1) evergreen oak forest (before ca. 850 AD), 2) heather maquis (ca. 850 to 1870 AD), 3) phrygana/steppe landscape. Rapid changes between phases in vegetation development are associated with tipping-points in ecosystem dynamics resulting from anthropogenic impact. The modern ecosystem did not get established until the 20th century, and it is characterized by biodiversity loss along with a dramatic drying of the peat bog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon Cedex, France
- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, USR 3124 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Boris Vannière
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon Cedex, France
- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, USR 3124 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Virginia Iglesias
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon Cedex, France
- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, USR 3124 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Maxime Debret
- Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière, UMR 6143 CNRS, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Delarras
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon Cedex, France
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