1
|
Arasu K, Chang CY, Wong SY, Ong SH, Yang WY, Chong MHZ, Mavinkurve M, Khoo EJ, Chinna K, Weaver CM, Chee WSS. Effect of soluble corn fibre and calcium supplementation on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in preadolescent Malaysian children-a double-blind randomised controlled trial (PREBONE-Kids Study). Osteoporos Int 2023; 34:783-792. [PMID: 36808216 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Soluble corn fibre (SCF) with calcium did not improve bone indices after 1 year in preadolescent children. INTRODUCTION SCF has been reported to improve calcium absorption. We investigated the long-term effect of SCF and calcium on bone indices of healthy preadolescent children aged 9-11 years old. METHODS In a double-blind, randomised, parallel arm study, 243 participants were randomised into four groups: placebo, 12-g SCF, 600-mg calcium lactate gluconate (Ca) and 12-g SCF + 600-mg calcium lactate gluconate (SCF + Ca). Total body bone mineral content (TBBMC) and total body bone mineral density (TBBMD) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS At 6 months, SCF + Ca had a significant increase in TBBMC from baseline (27.14 ± 6.10 g, p = 0.001). At 12 months, there was a significant increase in TBBMC from baseline in the SCF + Ca (40.28 ± 9.03 g, p = 0.001) and SCF groups (27.34 ± 7.93 g, p = 0.037). At 6 months, the change in TBBMD in the SCF + Ca (0.019 ± 0.003 g/cm2) and Ca (0.014 ± 0.003 g/cm2) groups was significantly different (p < 0.05) from SCF (0.004 ± 0.002 g/cm2) and placebo (0.002 ± 0.003 g/cm2). However, the changes in TBBMD and TBBMC were not significantly different among groups at 12 months. CONCLUSION SCF did not increase TBBMC and TBBMD in Malaysian children after 1 year although calcium supplementation increased TBBMD at 6 months. Further work is needed to fully understand the mechanism and health benefits of prebiotics in this study population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03864172.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanimolli Arasu
- Division of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yuan Chang
- Division of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Yee Wong
- Division of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yew Yang
- Division of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megan Hueh Zan Chong
- Division of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meenal Mavinkurve
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Erwin Jiayuan Khoo
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Business and Management, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Winnie Siew Swee Chee
- Division of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang CY, Arasu K, Wong SY, Ong SH, Yang WY, Chong MHZ, Mavinkurve M, Khoo EJ, Chinna K, Weaver CM, Chee WSS. Factors associated with bone health status of Malaysian pre-adolescent children in the PREBONE-Kids Study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:382. [PMID: 34479539 PMCID: PMC8414720 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modifiable lifestyle factors and body composition can affect the attainment of peak bone mass during childhood. This study performed a cross-sectional analysis of the determinants of bone health among pre-adolescent (N = 243) Malaysian children with habitually low calcium intakes and vitamin D status in Kuala Lumpur (PREBONE-Kids Study). Methods Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) at the lumbar spine (LS) and total body (TB) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcium intake was assessed using 1-week diet history, MET (metabolic equivalent of task) score using cPAQ physical activity questionnaire, and serum 25(OH) vitamin D using LC-MS/MS. Results The mean calcium intake was 349 ± 180 mg/day and mean serum 25(OH)D level was 43.9 ± 14.5 nmol/L. In boys, lean mass (LM) was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.539, p < 0.001), LSBMD (β = 0.607, p < 0.001), TBBMC (β = 0.675, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.481, p < 0.01). Height was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.346, p < 0.001) and TBBMC (β = 0.282, p < 0.001) while fat mass (FM) (β = 0.261, p = 0.034) and physical activity measured as MET scores (β = 0.163, p = 0.026) were significant predictors of TBBMD in boys. Among girls, LM was also a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.620, p < 0.001), LSBMD (β = 0.700, p < 0.001), TBBMC (β = 0.542, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.747, p < 0.001). Calcium intake was a significant predictor of LSBMC (β = 0.102, p = 0.034), TBBMC (β = 0.122, p < 0.001) and TBBMD (β = 0.196, p = 0.002) in girls. Conclusions LM was the major determinant of BMC and BMD among pre-adolescent Malaysian children alongside other modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity and calcium intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Yuan Chang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kanimolli Arasu
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Yee Wong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yew Yang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megan Hueh Zan Chong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meenal Mavinkurve
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, Negeri Sembilan, 70300, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Erwin Jiayuan Khoo
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, Negeri Sembilan, 70300, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Winnie Siew Swee Chee
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chee WSS, Chang CY, Arasu K, Wong SY, Ong SH, Yang WY, Chong MHZ, Mavinkurve M, Khoo EJ, Chinna K, Weaver CM. Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nutrients 2021; 13:2175. [PMID: 34202743 PMCID: PMC8308301 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on vitamin D status and its determinants in growing children in countries with ample sunshine such as Malaysia have been limited. The aim of our study was to determine factors associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations such as lifestyle, dietary intake, anthropometry, and body composition in 243 pre-adolescent Malaysian children from low-income families living in Kuala Lumpur. This cross-sectional study measured bone density and body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while serum 25(OH)D was measured using LC-MS/MS. Time spent outdoors, body surface area exposed to sunlight, dietary intake, and physical activity level were assessed using questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and stepwise analysis were performed to identify significant predictors for serum 25(OH)D. About 69.4% had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L, and 18.9% were vitamin-D-deficient with 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L. Girls had a nine-fold higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than boys. Body surface area exposed to sunlight, Sun Index, and fat mass were significant predictors of 25(OH)D concentrations in this population. Modifiable lifestyle factors such as sun exposure and reducing obesity are important public health guidance to ensure optimal vitamin D status in these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Siew Swee Chee
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.Y.C.); (K.A.); (S.Y.W.); (S.H.O.); (W.Y.Y.); (M.H.Z.C.)
| | - Chung Yuan Chang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.Y.C.); (K.A.); (S.Y.W.); (S.H.O.); (W.Y.Y.); (M.H.Z.C.)
| | - Kanimolli Arasu
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.Y.C.); (K.A.); (S.Y.W.); (S.H.O.); (W.Y.Y.); (M.H.Z.C.)
| | - Soon Yee Wong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.Y.C.); (K.A.); (S.Y.W.); (S.H.O.); (W.Y.Y.); (M.H.Z.C.)
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.Y.C.); (K.A.); (S.Y.W.); (S.H.O.); (W.Y.Y.); (M.H.Z.C.)
| | - Wai Yew Yang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.Y.C.); (K.A.); (S.Y.W.); (S.H.O.); (W.Y.Y.); (M.H.Z.C.)
| | - Megan Hueh Zan Chong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.Y.C.); (K.A.); (S.Y.W.); (S.H.O.); (W.Y.Y.); (M.H.Z.C.)
| | - Meenal Mavinkurve
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, Seremban 70300, Malaysia; (M.M.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Erwin Jiayuan Khoo
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, Seremban 70300, Malaysia; (M.M.); (E.J.K.)
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, No. 1, Jalan Taylor’s, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Connie M. Weaver
- Distinguished Professor Emerita, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arasu K, Chang CY, Wong SY, Ong SH, Yang WY, Chong MHZ, Mavinkurve M, Khoo EJ, Chinna K, Weaver CM, Chee WSS. Design and strategies used for recruitment and retention in a double blind randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of soluble corn fiber on bone indices in pre-adolescent children (PREBONE-Kids study) in Malaysia. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100801. [PMID: 34195468 PMCID: PMC8233130 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recruitment and retention in longitudinal nutrition intervention studies among children is challenging and scarcely reported. This paper describes the strategies and lessons learned from a 1-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among pre-adolescent children on the effects of soluble corn fiber (SCF) on bone indices (PREBONE-Kids). Methods Participants (9–11 years old) were recruited and randomized into 4 treatment groups (600 mg calcium, 12 g SCF, 12 g SCF plus 600 mg calcium and placebo). Interventions were consumed as a fruit-flavored powdered drink for 1-year. School-based recruitment was effective due to support on study benefits from parents and teachers, peer influence and a 2-weeks study run-in for participants to assess their readiness to commit to the study protocol. Retention strategies focused on building rapport through school-based fun activities, WhatsApp messaging, providing health screening and travel reimbursements for study measurements. Compliance was enhanced by providing direct on-site school feeding and monthly non-cash rewards. Choice of 2 flavors for the intervention drinks were provided to overcome taste fatigue. Satisfaction level on the manner in which the study was conducted was obtained from a voluntary sub-set of participants. Results The study successfully enrolled 243 participants within 6 months and retained 82.7% of the participants at the end of 1 year, yielding a drop-out rate of 17.3%. Compliance to the intervention drink was 85% at the start and remained at 78.7% at the end of 1 year. More than 95% of the participants provided good feedback on intervention drinks, rapport building activities, communication and overall study conduct. Conclusion Successful strategies focused on study benefits, rapport building, frequent communication using social media and non-cash incentives helped improved compliance and retention rate. The lessons learned to maintain a high retention and compliance rate in this study provide valuable insights for future studies in a similar population. PREBONE-Kids contributes to evidence on the effect of soluble corn fiber on bone indices in pre-adolescent Asian children. School-based recruitment, study nature, perceived benefits and study run-in were effective strategies for recruitment. Rapport building, direct on-site feeding and rewarding protocol adherence were critical for good retention and compliance.
Collapse
Key Words
- 25-OHD, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- BAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- BMC, bone mineral content
- BMD, bone mineral density
- CTX, carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks
- Calcium
- Compliance
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- MET, total metabolic equivalent
- OC, osteocalcin
- P1NP, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide
- PBM, peak bone mass
- Pre-adolescent children
- SCF, soluble corn fibre
- Soluble corn fiber
- Study retention
- iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanimolli Arasu
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yuan Chang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soon Yee Wong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shu Hwa Ong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Yew Yang
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Megan Hueh Zan Chong
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Meenal Mavinkurve
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Erwin Jiayuan Khoo
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Jalan Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Winnie Siew Swee Chee
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, 57000, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khor GL, Shyam S, Misra S, Fong B, Chong MHZ, Sulaiman N, Lee YL, Cannan R, Rowan A. Correlation between dietary intake and serum ganglioside concentrations: a cross-sectional study among Malaysian toddlers. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|