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Bendrik R, Sundström B, Bröms K, Emtner M, Kallings LV, Peterson M. One leg testing in hip and knee osteoarthritis: A comparison with a two-leg oriented functional outcome measure and self-reported functional measures. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01126-9. [PMID: 38552834 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the responsiveness of two unilateral lower-limb performance-based tests, the one-leg rise test and the maximal step-up test, with the bilateral 30-second chair-stand test and the self-reported measure of physical function (HOOS/KOOS). Specific aims were to evaluate responsiveness, floor/ceiling effect and association between the instruments. METHOD Data was included from 111 participants, mean age 61.3 years (8.3), with clinically verified hip or knee osteoarthritis, who reported less than 150 minutes/week of moderate or vigorous intensity physical activity. Responsiveness, how well the instruments captured improvements, was measured as Cohen's standardised mean difference for effect size, and was assessed from baseline to 12 months following a physical activity intervention. Other assessments were floor and ceiling effects, and correlations between tests. RESULTS The maximal step-up test had an effect size of 0.57 (95% CI 0.37, 0.77), the 30-second chair-stand 0.48 (95% CI 0.29, 0.68) and the one-leg rise test 0.12 (95% CI 0.60, 0.31). The one-leg rise test had a floor effect as 72% of the participants scored zero at baseline and 63% at 12 months. The correlation between performance-based tests and questionnaires was considered to be minor (r = 0.188 to 0.226) (p = 0.018 to 0.048). CONCLUSION The unilateral maximal step-up test seems more responsive to change in physical function compared to the bilateral 30-second chair-stand test, although the tests did not differ statistically in effect size. The maximal step-up test provides specific information about each leg for the individual and allows for comparison between the legs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bendrik
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Practice, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden.
| | - B Sundström
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden; Department of Public health and Clinical Medicine/Rheumatology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - K Bröms
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Practice, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M Emtner
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - L V Kallings
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Practice, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - M Peterson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Practice, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Academic Primary Health Care, Region Uppsala, Sweden.
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Irvine MK, Zimba R, Avoundjian T, Peterson M, Emmert C, Kulkarni SG, Philbin MM, Kelvin EA, Nash D. Patient Education and Decision Support for Long-Acting Injectable HIV Antiretroviral Therapy: Protocol for Tool Development and Pilot Testing with Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Medical Case Management Programs in New York. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e56892. [PMID: 38536227 PMCID: PMC11007615 DOI: 10.2196/56892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-acting injectable (LAI) HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) presents a major opportunity to facilitate and sustain HIV viral suppression, thus improving health and survival among people living with HIV and reducing the risk of onward transmission. However, realizing the public health potential of LAI ART requires reaching patients who face barriers to daily oral ART adherence and thus can clinically benefit from alternative treatment modalities. Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Part A medical case management (MCM) programs provide an array of services to address barriers to HIV care and treatment among economically and socially marginalized people living with HIV. These programs have demonstrated effectiveness in improving engagement along the continuum of care, but findings of limited program impact on durable viral suppression highlight the need to further innovate and hone strategies to support long-term ART adherence. OBJECTIVE This study aims to adapt and expand Ryan White MCM service strategies to integrate LAI ART regimen options, with the larger goal of improving health outcomes in the populations that could most benefit from alternatives to daily oral ART regimens. METHODS In 3 phases of work involving patient and provider participants, this study uses role-specific focus groups to elicit perceptions of LAI versus daily oral ART; discrete choice experiment (DCE) surveys to quantify preferences for different ART delivery options and related supports; and a nonrandomized trial to assess the implementation and utility of newly developed tools at 6 partnering Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Part A MCM programs based in urban, suburban, and semirural areas of New York. Findings from the focus groups and DCEs, as well as feedback from advisory board meetings, informed the design and selection of the tools: a patient-facing, 2-page fact sheet, including frequently asked questions and a side-by-side comparison of LAI with daily oral ART; a patient-facing informational video available on YouTube (Google Inc); and a patient-provider decision aid. Implementation outcomes, measured through provider interviews, surveys, and service reporting, will guide further specification of strategies to integrate LAI ART options into MCM program workflows. RESULTS The study was funded in late April 2021 and received approval from the institutional review board in May 2021 under protocol 20-096. Focus groups were conducted in late 2021 (n=21), DCEs ran from June 2022 to January 2023 (n=378), and tools for piloting were developed by May 2023. The trial (May 2023 through January 2024) has enrolled >200 patients. CONCLUSIONS This study is designed to provide evidence regarding the acceptability, feasibility, appropriateness, and utility of a package of patient-oriented tools for comparing and deciding between LAI ART and daily oral ART options. Study strengths include formative work to guide tool development, a mixed methods approach, and the testing of tools in real-world safety-net service settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05833542; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05833542. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/56892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Irvine
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections (BHHS), New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Zimba
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
| | - Tigran Avoundjian
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections (BHHS), New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections (BHHS), New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
| | - Connor Emmert
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections (BHHS), New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sarah G Kulkarni
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
| | - Morgan M Philbin
- Division of Vulnerable Populations, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Kelvin
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
| | - Denis Nash
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (ISPH), Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, United States
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López-Castro T, Jakubowski A, Masyukova M, Peterson M, Pierz A, Kodali S, Arnsten JH, Starrels JL, Nahvi S. Loss, liberation, and agency: Patient experiences of methadone treatment at opioid treatment programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 157:209235. [PMID: 38061636 PMCID: PMC10932891 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.209235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its safety and effectiveness, methadone treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) remains highly stigmatized, and stringent opioid treatment program (OTP) attendance requirements create barriers to retention for many patients. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a shift in federal regulations governing methadone, including a blanket exemption permitting increased take-home doses of methadone. We studied the impact of these changes upon established patients' experiences of OTP care. METHOD We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 18 OTP patients who met our criteria of having established OTP care (i.e., enrolled at the OTP for at least 12 weeks) and were administered methadone three to six days weekly prior to the March 2020 blanket exemption. Interviews centered on how COVID-19 had affected their experiences of receiving treatment at an OTP. RESULTS We identified three interconnected themes relevant to transformation of OTP care by the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants described mourning therapeutic OTP relationships and structure (1. loss), yet feeling more satisfaction with fewer in-person OTP visits (2. liberation), and appreciating more opportunities to self-direct their OUD care (3. agency). DISCUSSION Structural changes made to OTP care early in the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in loss of community and structure. Increasing the availability of take-home methadone also improved patient experience and sense of agency. Our findings join a diverse body of converging evidence in support of policy changes allowing for more flexible dosing and individualized OTP care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa López-Castro
- Department of Psychology, Colin Powell School of Civic and Global Leadership, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States.
| | - Andrea Jakubowski
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
| | - Mariya Masyukova
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States; Project Renwal, Inc. 200 Varick Street, 9th Floor New York, NY 10014
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States; Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 321 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Amanda Pierz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States; The City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 W. 125(th) Street, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Sruthi Kodali
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
| | - Julia H Arnsten
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
| | - Joanna L Starrels
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
| | - Shadi Nahvi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, United States
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Irvine MK, Abdelqader F, Levin B, Thomas J, Avoundjian T, Peterson M, Zimba R, Braunstein SL, Robertson MM, Nash D. Study protocol for data to suppression (D2S): a cluster-randomised, stepped-wedge effectiveness trial of a reporting and capacity-building intervention to improve HIV viral suppression in housing and behavioural health programmes in New York City. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076716. [PMID: 37451738 PMCID: PMC10351323 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With progress in the 'diagnose', 'link' and 'retain' stages of the HIV care continuum, viral suppression (VS) gains increasingly hinge on antiretroviral adherence among people with HIV (PWH) retained in care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that unsuppressed viral load among PWH in care accounts for 20% of onward transmission. HIV intervention strategies include 'data to care' (D2C)-using surveillance to identify out-of-care PWH for follow-up. However, most D2C efforts target care linkage, not antiretroviral adherence, and limit client-level data sharing to medical (versus support-service) providers. Drawing on lessons learnt in D2C and successful local pilots, we designed a 'data-to-suppression' intervention that offers HIV support-service programmes surveillance-based reports listing their virally unsuppressed clients and capacity-building assistance for quality-improvement activities. We aimed to scale and test the intervention in agencies delivering Ryan White HIV/AIDS Programme-funded behavioural health and housing services. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To estimate intervention effects, this study applies a cross-sectional, stepped-wedge design to the intervention's rollout to 27 agencies randomised within matched pairs to early or delayed implementation. Data from three 12-month periods (pre-implementation, partial implementation and full implementation) will be examined to assess intervention effects on timely VS (within 6 months of a report listing the client as needing follow-up for VS). Based on projected enrolment (n=1619) and a pre-implementation outcome probability of 0.40-0.45, the detectable effect size with 80% power is an OR of 2.12 (relative risk: 1.41-1.46). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's institutional review board (protocol: 21-036) with a waiver of informed consent. Findings will be disseminated via publications, conferences and meetings including provider-agency representatives. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05140421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Irvine
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Faisal Abdelqader
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Bruce Levin
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jacinthe Thomas
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Tigran Avoundjian
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Zimba
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sarah L Braunstein
- Bureau of Hepatitis, HIV, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, New York, USA
| | - McKaylee M Robertson
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Denis Nash
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
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5
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LeMasters K, Behne MF, Lao J, Peterson M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Suicides in state prisons in the United States: Highlighting gaps in data. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285729. [PMID: 37256862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to document data availability and reporting on suicide mortality in state prison systems. The United States leads the world in mass incarceration, a structural determinant of health, but lacks real-time reporting of prison health statistics. This absence is particularly notable in suicides, a leading cause of death that carceral policies play a key role in mitigating. METHODS Suicide data for each state prison system from 2017-2021 were gathered through statistical reports, press releases, and Freedom of Information Act requests. We graded states based on data availability. RESULTS Only sixteen states provide updated, frequent, granular, freely provided suicide data. An additional thirteen states provided frequently updated data but that had little granularity, was incomplete, or was not freely provided. Eight states provided sparse, infrequent, or outdated data, and thirteen provided no data at all. CONCLUSIONS The 2000 Death in Custody Reporting Act requires that states provide these data freely, yet the majority of states do not. There is a need for reliable, real-time data on suicides, suicide attempts, and conditions of confinement to better understand the harms of the carceral system and to advocate for change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael F Behne
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Lao
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Grundy SJ, Peterson M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Comprehensive Reform Urgently Needed in Hospital Shackling Policy for Incarcerated Patients in the United States. J Correct Health Care 2022; 28:384-390. [PMID: 36383104 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.21.07.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 2.2 million people are incarcerated in the United States. The carceral population is aging due to strict sentencing laws, which has increased the frequency and acuity of off-site medical care. Inpatient providers must follow departments of correction procedures when treating incarcerated patients, which often prevents adherence to standards of care and puts the health of patients at risk. Shackling is a common requirement during hospitalization and is associated with increased risk for complications. Current state and federal policies regarding shackling lack specifics to prevent patient harm. Incarcerated people have a constitutionally protected right to health care, but with current policy, we are not meeting this essential responsibility. Updates to policy are needed to ensure that patients receive compassionate, safe, and constitutionally mandated health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Grundy
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Elbatarny M, Stevens L, Dagenais F, Peterson M, Boodhwani M, Chu M, Ouzounian M. HEMIARCH VS EXTENDED ARCH REPLACEMENT IN ACUTE TYPE A DISSECTION: CANADIAN MULTICENTRE DATA. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Elbatarny M, Trimarchi S, Korach A, Di Eusanio M, Pacini D, Bekeredijan R, Myrmel T, Bavaria J, Desai N, Sultan I, Patel H, Peterson M. OUTCOMES OF AXILLARY VS FEMORAL ARTERIAL CANNULATION IN ACUTE TYPE A DISSECTION REPAIR: AN INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTRE STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Maner M, Behne MF, Cullins Z, Cowan KN, Peterson M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Where Do You Go When Your Prison Cell Floods? Inadequacy of Current Climate Disaster Plans of US Departments of Correction. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:1382-1384. [PMID: 35981274 PMCID: PMC9480475 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.307044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Maner
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Michael Forrest Behne
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Zaire Cullins
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Kristen N Cowan
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Morgan Maner, Michael Forrest Behne, Zaire Cullins, Meghan Peterson, and Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein are with the Department of Social Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Research, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Kristen N. Cowan is with the Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Chapel A, Garg K, Zlochiver V, Peterson M, Plautz D, Kram J, Singh G, Port S, Galazka P. 501 Differences In Patient Characteristics And Coronary Calcium Score Computed Tomography In Self-referred Versus Physician-referred Population In A Large Midwestern Healthcare Network. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2022.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cowan KN, Peterson M, LeMasters K, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Overlapping Crises: Climate Disaster Susceptibility and Incarceration. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19127431. [PMID: 35742683 PMCID: PMC9224462 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate-related disasters are becoming more frequent all over the world; however, there is significant variability in the impact of disasters, including which specific communities are the most vulnerable. The objective of this descriptive study was to examine how climate disaster susceptibility is related to the density of incarceration at the county level in the United States. Percent of the population incarcerated in the 2010 census and the Expected Annual Loss (EAL) from natural hazards were broken into tertiles and mapped bivariately to examine the overlap of areas with high incarceration and susceptibility to climate disasters. Over 13% of counties were in the highest tertile for both incarceration and EAL, with four states containing over 30% of these counties. The density of incarceration and climate disaster susceptibility are overlapping threats that must be addressed concurrently through (1) decarceration, (2) developing standardized guidance on evacuated incarcerated individuals during disasters, and (3) more deeply understanding how the health of everyone in these counties is jeopardized when prisons suffer from climate disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen N. Cowan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.P.); (L.B.-R.)
| | - Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.P.); (L.B.-R.)
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Segule MN, LeMasters K, Peterson M, Behne MF, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Incarcerated workers: overlooked as essential workers. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:506. [PMID: 35291982 PMCID: PMC8922977 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use the example of COVID-19 vaccine prioritization for incarcerated workers to call attention to the need to prioritize incarcerated workers' health. METHODS From November to December 2020, we searched publicly available information (e.g. Department Of Corrections websites and press releases) for 53 US prison systems, including all states, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and Puerto Rico. Coders reviewed if states had prison labor policies, if states had COVID-19 specific prison labor policies, the location of work, industries both pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic, the scope of work, and hourly wage. Findings were compared to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's occupational vaccine prioritization recommendations. RESULTS Every facility has incarcerated individuals working in some capacity with some resuming prison labor operations to pre-pandemic levels. All but one prison system has off-site work locations for their incarcerated population and many incarcerated workers have resumed their off-site work release assignments. Additionally, every state has incarcerated workers whose job assignments are considered frontline essential workers (e.g. firefighters). In at least five states, incarcerated workers are participating in frontline health roles that put them at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19. Yet, no state followed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended vaccination plan for its incarcerated population given their incarcerated workers' essential worker status. CONCLUSION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that incarcerated people be prioritized for vaccination primarily due to the risk present in congregate style prison and jail facilities. Furthermore, our review found that many incarcerated people perform labor that should be considered "essential", which provides another reason why they should have been among the first in line for COVID-19 vaccine allocation. These findings also highlight the need for incarcerated workers' health to be prioritized beyond COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Naila Segule
- Environmental Health Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,School of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan Peterson
- School of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Forrest Behne
- School of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- School of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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LeMasters K, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Maner M, Peterson M, Nowotny K, Bailey Z. Carceral epidemiology: mass incarceration and structural racism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e287-e290. [PMID: 35247354 PMCID: PMC8890762 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing epidemic of mass incarceration are closely intertwined, as COVID-19 entered US prisons and jails at astounding rates. Although observers warned of the swiftness with which COVID-19 could devastate people who are held and work in prisons and jails, their warnings were not heeded quickly enough. Incarcerated populations were deprioritised, and COVID-19 infected and killed those in jails and prisons at rates that outpaced the rates among the general population. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted what has been long-known: mass incarceration is a key component of structural racism that creates and exacerbates health inequities. It is imperative that the public health, particularly epidemiology, public policy, advocacy, and medical communities, are catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic to drastically rethink the USA's criminal legal system and the public health emergency that it has created and to push for progressive reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Morgan Maner
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Nowotny
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zinzi Bailey
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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LeMasters K, Ranapurwala S, Maner M, Nowotny KM, Peterson M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. COVID-19 community spread and consequences for prison case rates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266772. [PMID: 35417500 PMCID: PMC9007382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 and mass incarceration are closely intertwined with prisons having COVID-19 case rates much higher than the general population. COVID-19 has highlighted the relationship between incarceration and health, but prior work has not explored how COVID-19 spread in communities have influenced case rates in prisons. Our objective was to understand the relationship between COVID-19 case rates in the general population and prisons located in the same county. METHODS Using North Carolina's (NC) Department of Health and Human Services data, this analysis examines all COVID-19 tests conducted in NC from June-August 2020. Using interrupted time series analysis, we assessed the relationship between substantial community spread (50/100,000 detected in the last seven days) and active COVID-19 case rates (cases detected in the past 14 days/100,000) within prisons. RESULTS From June-August 2020, NC ordered 29,605 tests from prisons and detected 1,639 cases. The mean case rates were 215 and 427 per 100,000 in the general and incarcerated population, respectively. Once counties reached substantial COVID-19 spread, the COVID-19 prison case rate increased by 118.55 cases per 100,000 (95% CI: -3.71, 240.81). CONCLUSIONS Community COVID-19 spread contributes to COVID-19 case rates in prisons. In counties with prisons, community spread should be closely monitored. Stringent measures within prisons (e.g., vaccination) and decarceration should be prioritized to prevent COVID-19 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shabbar Ranapurwala
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Morgan Maner
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Nowotny
- Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Ibrahim M, Stevens L, Ouzounian M, Hage A, Dagenais F, Peterson M, El-Hamamsy I, Boodhwani M, Bozinovski J, Moon M, Yamashita MH, Atoui R, Bittira B, Payne D, Lachapelle K, Chu M, Chung J. EVOLVING SURGICAL TECHNIQUES AND IMPROVING OUTCOMES FOR AORTIC ARCH SURGERY IN CANADA. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meghan Peterson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Justin Berk
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI
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Selva Kumar D, Peterson M, Zhang C, Fagan P, Nahvi S. The impact of menthol cigarette use on quit attempts and abstinence among smokers with opioid use disorder. Addict Behav 2021; 118:106880. [PMID: 33706070 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An exceedingly high proportion of persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) smoke cigarettes. Smokers with OUD face multiple barriers to smoking cessation. While menthol cigarette use has been associated with low cessation rates, research has not explored the impact of menthol cigarette use on tobacco use outcomes among smokers with OUD. Participants were current smokers, in methadone treatment for OUD, participating in randomized controlled trials of smoking cessation therapies. We examined the use of menthol cigarettes, and the association between menthol cigarette use and achieving 24-hour quit attempts and seven-day point prevalence abstinence. Of 268 participants, 237 (88.4%) reported menthol use. A similar proportion of menthol and non-menthol smokers achieved a 24-hour quit attempt (83.1% vs. 83.8%, p = 0.92). Though fewer menthol smokers (vs. non-menthol smokers) achieved abstinence (12.7% vs. 22.6%), this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.14). In this sample of smokers with OUD, menthol smoking was nearly ubiquitous. Menthol smoking was not associated with differences in quit attempts, but was associated with differences in cessation that were not statistically significant. Menthol smoking may contribute to the challenges in achieving abstinence among smokers with OUD.
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Dykhoff HJ, Myasoedova E, Peterson M, Davis JM, Kronzer V, Coffey C, Gunderson T, Crowson CS. POS0023 RACIAL/ETHNIC AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN MULTIMORBIDITY BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND COMPARATORS IN A LARGE NATIONWIDE US STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased burden of multimorbidity. Racial/ethnic disparities have also been associated with an increased burden of multimorbidity.Objectives:We aimed to compare multimorbidity among different racial/ethnic groups and geographic regions of the US in patients with RA and comparators without RA.Methods:We used a large longitudinal, real-world data warehouse with de-identified administrative claims for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees, to identify cases of RA and matched controls. Cases were defined as patients aged ≥18 years with ≥2 diagnoses of RA in January 1, 2010 - June 30, 2019 and ≥1 prescription fill for methotrexate in the year after the first RA diagnosis. Controls were persons without RA matched 1:1 to RA cases on age, sex, census region, calendar year of index date (corresponding to the date of second diagnosis code for RA), and length of prior medical/pharmacy coverage. Race was classified as non-Hispanic White (White), non-Hispanic Black (Black), Asian, Hispanic, or other/unknown, based on self-report or derived rule sets. Multimorbidity (2 or more comorbidities) was defined using 25 chronic comorbidities from a combination of the Charlson and Elixhauser Comorbidity Indices assessed during the year prior to index date. Rheumatic comorbidities were not included. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results:The study included 16,363 cases with RA and 16,363 matched non-RA comparators (mean age 58.2 years, 70.7% female for both cohorts). Geographic regions were the same in both cohorts: 50% South, 26% Midwest, 13% West, and 11% Northeast. Race/ethnicity was not part of the matching criteria and varied slightly between the cohorts: among RA (non-RA) patients, 74% (74%) were White, 11% (9%) Hispanic, 10% (9%) Black, 3% (4%) Asian, and 3% (4%) other/unknown. Patients with RA had more multimorbidity than non-RA subjects (51.3% vs 44.8%). Multimorbidity comparisons across US geographic regions were similar in both cohorts, with comparable multimorbidity levels for patients in the West and Midwest and higher levels for those in the Northeast and South (Figure 1). Among the non-RA patients, 43.5% of Whites experienced multimorbidity, compared to 33.9% of Asians, 46.1% of Hispanics, and 58.4% of Blacks. These associations remained after adjustment for age, sex, and geographic region, with significantly lower multimorbidity among Asians (OR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.67-0.99) and significantly higher multimorbidity among Hispanics (OR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.07-1.37) and Blacks (OR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.54-1.97), compared to Whites in the non-RA cohort. Among the RA patients, racial/ethnic differences were less pronounced; 50.6% of Whites, 42.8% of Asians, 48.8% of Hispanics, and 58.4% of Blacks experienced multimorbidity. Adjusted analyses revealed no significant differences in multimorbidity for Asians (OR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.70-1.08) and Hispanics (OR: 1.06; 95%CI: 0.95-1.19) and a less pronounced increase in multimorbidity among Blacks (OR: 1.32; 95%CI: 1.17-1.49) compared to Whites in the RA cohort.Conclusion:This large nationwide study showed increased occurrence of multimorbidity in RA versus non-RA patients and in both cohorts for residents of the Northeast and South regions of the US. Racial/ethnic disparities in multimorbidity were more pronounced among patients without RA compared to RA patients. This indicates the effects of RA and race/ethnicity on multimorbidity do not aggregate. The underlying mechanisms for these associations require further investigation.Figure 1.Logistic regression models comparing multimorbidity levels in RA and non-RA cohorts.Disclosure of Interests:Hayley J. Dykhoff: None declared, Elena Myasoedova: None declared, Madeline Peterson: None declared, John M Davis III Grant/research support from: Research grant from Pfizer, Vanessa Kronzer: None declared, Caitrin Coffey: None declared, Tina Gunderson: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson: None declared.
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19
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Dykhoff HJ, Myasoedova E, Peterson M, Davis JM, Kronzer V, Coffey C, Gunderson T, Crowson CS. OP0213 SEX DIFFERENCES IN MULTIMORBIDITY BETWEEN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND COMPARATORS IN A LARGE NATIONWIDE US STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased burden of multimorbidity. Although many comorbidities vary by sex, sex differences in multimorbidity among individuals with RA have not been examined.Objectives:We aimed to compare multimorbidity between women and men with RA and comparators without RA.Methods:We used a large longitudinal, real-world data warehouse with de-identified administrative claims for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees, to identify cases of RA and matched controls. Cases were defined as patients aged ≥18 years with ≥2 diagnoses of RA in January 1, 2010 - June 30, 2019 and ≥1 prescription fill for methotrexate in the year after the first RA diagnosis. Controls were persons without RA matched 1:1 to RA cases on age, sex, census region, calendar year of index date (corresponding to the date of second diagnosis code for RA), and length of prior medical/pharmacy coverage. Race was classified as non-Hispanic White (White), non-Hispanic Black (Black), Asian, Hispanic, or other/unknown, based on self-report or derived rule sets. Multimorbidity (2 or more comorbidities) was defined using 25 chronic comorbidities from a combination of the Charlson and Elixhauser Comorbidity Indices assessed during the year prior to index date. Rheumatic comorbidities were not included. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results:The study included 16,363 cases with RA and 16,363 matched non-RA comparators (mean age 58.2 years, 70.7% female for both cohorts). In both cohorts, women were slightly younger (mean age 57.5 vs. 59.8 years). Among RA patients, women were more racially/ethnically diverse than men, with 72% of women (78% men) being White, 12% (10%) Hispanic, 11% (7%) Black, 3% (3%) Asian, and 3% (3%) other/unknown. Racial/ethnic diversity was similar among non-RA women and men with 74% women (75% men) being White, 9% (9%) Hispanic, 10% (8%) Black, 4% (4%) Asian, and 3% (4%) other/unknown. Patients with RA had more multimorbidity than non-RA subjects (51.3% vs 44.8%). Observed rates of multimorbidity were similar in women and men with RA (51.6% vs 50.5%, p=0.18), but among non-RA patients, women had lower observed rates of multimorbidity than men (43.7% vs 47.4%, p<0.0001). However, following adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and geographic region, multimorbidity among RA patients was greater in women versus men (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.11-1.28) and similar among non-RA women and men (OR: 0.97 for females; 95% CI: 0.90-1.05). Examination of individual comorbidities showed that women with RA had more depression, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and chronic pulmonary disease compared to men with RA and women without RA.Conclusion:This large nationwide study showed increased occurrence of multimorbidity in women with RA compared to men with RA, while women and men without RA had similar levels of multimorbidity following adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, and geographic region. The underlying mechanisms for these sex differences require further investigation.Disclosure of Interests:Hayley J. Dykhoff: None declared, Elena Myasoedova: None declared, Madeline Peterson: None declared, John M Davis III Grant/research support from: Research grant from Pfizer, Vanessa Kronzer: None declared, Caitrin Coffey: None declared, Tina Gunderson: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson: None declared
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Kaplowitz E, Truong AQ, Macmadu A, Peterson M, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Potter N, Green TC, Clarke JG, Rich JD. Fentanyl-related overdose during incarceration: a comprehensive review. Health Justice 2021; 9:13. [PMID: 34013442 PMCID: PMC8133055 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-021-00138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fentanyl and related compounds have recently saturated the illicit drug supply in the United States, leading to unprecedented rates of fatal overdose. Individuals who are incarcerated are particularly vulnerable, as the burden of opioid use disorder is disproportionately higher in this population, and tolerance generally decreases during incarceration. METHODS We conduct a systematic search for publications about fentanyl overdoses during incarceration in PubMed and PsycINFO, as well as lay press articles in Google, from January 1, 2013 through March 30th, 2021. RESULTS Not a single fentanyl overdose was identified in the medical literature, but 90 overdose events, comprising of 76 fatal and 103 nonfatal fentanyl overdoses, were identified in the lay press. Among the 179 overdoses, 138 occurred in jails and 41 occurred in prisons, across the country. CONCLUSIONS Fentanyl-related overdoses are occurring in correctional facilities with unknown but likely increasing frequency. In addition to the need for improved detection and reporting, immediate efforts to 1) increase understanding of the risks of fentanyl and how to prevent and treat overdose among correctional staff and residents, 2) ensure widespread prompt availability of naloxone and 3) expand the availability of medications to treat opioid use disorder for people who are incarcerated will save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Kaplowitz
- The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Opioids and Overdose , The Rhode Island Hospital , RI, Providence, USA.
| | - Ashley Q Truong
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandria Macmadu
- The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Traci C Green
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Opioids and Overdose , The Rhode Island Hospital , RI, Providence, USA
- The Heller School of Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine , Brown School of Medicine , RI, Providence, USA
| | | | - Josiah D Rich
- The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence on Opioids and Overdose , The Rhode Island Hospital , RI, Providence, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Peterson M. Antivenom use in veterinary medicine a thirty-five year personal journey. Toxicon 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Peterson M, Dykhoff HJ, Crowson CS, Davis III JM, Sangaralingham L, Myasoedova E. FRI0560 INCREASED RISK OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DIAGNOSIS IN STATIN USERS IN A LARGE NATIONWIDE US STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Studies evaluating the effect of statin use on the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) onset have shown conflicting results. Most of these studies evaluated European populations while data from the US are scarce.Objectives:We aimed to assess the association between statin use (and intensity) and RA occurrence using claims data from the US population.Methods:For this case-control study, we used the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, a large administrative database of commercially insured and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries, to identify cases of RA and matched controls. Cases were defined as patients with 2 or more diagnoses of RA in January 1, 2010 - June 30, 2019 who were ≥18 years old, filled ≥1 prescription for a conventional or biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug, and had no diagnoses of RA during the prior year. Controls were persons without RA matched 1:1 to RA cases on age, sex, census region, calendar year of index date (corresponding to the date of second diagnosis code for RA), and length of prior medical/pharmacy coverage. Statin use was defined as any filled prescription for a statin medication during prior coverage (excluding any new statin prescriptions filled up to 90 days before first RA diagnosis or index date). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR)with 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, race, census region, calendar year and Charlson comorbidity index (excluding RA component).Results:The study included 32,465 cases with RA (mean age 57.0, 72.2% female) and 32,465 matched controls (mean age 57.0, 72.2% female). There were 10,759 (33.1%) statin users among RA patients and 4,016 (12.4%) statin users among the matched controls. Statin use was associated with increased risk of RA (adjusted OR 3.34, 95%CI 3.19-3.49). All levels of statin intensity were associated with increased risk of RA (high OR: 3.60, 95% CI 3.28-3.94; medium OR: 3.20, 95% CI 3.04-3.37; low OR: 3.72, 95% CI 3.34-4.15) compared to non-users. Both former and current statin users showed an increased risk of RA (current OR: 3.04, 95% CI 2.80-3.30 and former OR: 3.37, 95% CI 3.20-3.54) compared to non-users.Conclusion:This large nationwide study showed increased risk of RA in statin-users vs non-users. The lack of dose dependence may suggest confounding by indication or a common genetic predisposition for cardiovascular disease and RA. The underlying mechanisms for these associations require further investigation.Disclosure of Interests:Madeline Peterson: None declared, Hayley J. Dykhoff: None declared, Cynthia S. Crowson Grant/research support from: Pfizer research grant, John M Davis III Grant/research support from: Research grants from Pfizer, Consultant of: Served on advisory boards for Abbvie and Sanofi-Genzyme, Lindsey Sangaralingham: None declared, Elena Myasoedova: None declared
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Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Crowley C, Montgomery MC, Peterson M, Zaller N, Martin R, Clarke J, Dubey M, Chan PA. Interest and Knowledge of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in a Unified Jail and Prison Setting. J Correct Health Care 2020; 26:36-41. [PMID: 32105164 DOI: 10.1177/1078345819897405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) may be an effective approach to prevent HIV among people who are currently incarcerated or who have been recently released from incarceration. However, awareness and interest in PrEP are largely unknown in this population. This study assessed 417 incarcerated men's lifetime HIV risk engagement and gauged their interest and willingness to take PrEP. Twenty percent reported ever injecting drugs and 4% ever having sex with a man without a condom; 88% had never heard of PrEP. More White men had heard of PrEP, but higher percentages of men of color were interested in learning more about PrEP and willing to take PrEP to prevent HIV. Future interventions should focus on PrEP education and uptake among individuals who are incarcerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meghan Peterson
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nickolas Zaller
- Office of Global Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Rhode Island Department of Corrections, Cranston, RI, USA
| | - Manisha Dubey
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Skarha
- Julianne Skarha and Meghan Peterson are with the School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI. Josiah D. Rich is with the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI. David Dosa is with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Center for Gerontology and HealthCare Research of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Julianne Skarha and Meghan Peterson are with the School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI. Josiah D. Rich is with the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI. David Dosa is with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Center for Gerontology and HealthCare Research of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Josiah D Rich
- Julianne Skarha and Meghan Peterson are with the School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI. Josiah D. Rich is with the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI. David Dosa is with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Center for Gerontology and HealthCare Research of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - David Dosa
- Julianne Skarha and Meghan Peterson are with the School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI. Josiah D. Rich is with the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and the Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI. David Dosa is with the Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Center for Gerontology and HealthCare Research of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Peterson M, Clarke J, Macmadu A, Truong A, Pognon K, Parker M, Marshall BDL, Green T, Martin R, Stein L, Rich JD. The benefits and implementation challenges of the first state-wide comprehensive medication for addictions program in a unified jail and prison setting. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107514. [PMID: 31614328 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of opioid use disorders among people who are incarcerated is high. People who are released from incarceration are at increased risk for overdose. The current study details the first year of implementation of a state-wide medications for addiction treatment (MAT) program in a unified jail and prison setting at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections in Cranston, Rhode Island. We conducted 40 semi-structured, qualitative interviews with people who were incarcerated and concurrently enrolled in the MAT program. Analysis employed a general, inductive approach in NVivo 12. We found that a majority of participants discussed program benefits such as reduced withdrawal symptoms, decreased prevalence of illicit drug use in the facility, improved general environment at the RIDOC, and increased post-release intentions to continue MAT. Suggested areas of improvement include reducing delays to first dose, increasing access to other recovery services in combination with MAT, improving staff training on stigma, and earlier access to medical discharge planning information prior to release. Our findings suggest that correctional MAT programs are acceptable to targeted populations and are a feasible intervention that may be transferable to other states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 333 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 335 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Miriam Hospital, 8 Third Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Rhode Island Department of Corrections, 40 Howard Ave., Cranston, RI 02920, USA
| | - Alexandra Macmadu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Ashley Truong
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Miriam Hospital, 8 Third Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Kimberly Pognon
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Miriam Hospital, 8 Third Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Morgan Parker
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 333 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 335 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Brandon D L Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Traci Green
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Rosemarie Martin
- Department of Behavioral and Social Science, Brown University, 121 S. Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Lynda Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, 142 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Josiah D Rich
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Miriam Hospital, 8 Third Street, Providence, RI 02906, USA
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Gandara D, Zou W, Jiang J, Yaung S, Fuhlbrück F, Wu J, Peterson M, Palma J, Ballinger M, Peters E, Shames D, Patil N. An exploratory analysis of on-treatment ctDNA measurement as a potential surrogate for overall survival for atezolizumab benefit in the OAK study. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz260.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chung J, Lodewyks C, Forbes T, Chu M, Peterson M, Lindsay T, Arora R, Ouzounian M. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF SPINAL CORD ISCHEMIA FOLLOWING AORTIC SURGERY: A NATIONWIDE SURVEY. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ghoneim A, Bouhout I, Hage A, El-Hamamsy I, M Boodhwani, Bozinovski J, Dagenais F, Kumar K, Payne D, Moon M, Herman C, Ouzounian M, Peterson M, Chu M. CONTEMPORARY OUTCOMES OF AORTIC ARCH REPAIR WITH HYPOTHERMIC CIRCULATORY ARREST: THE IMPACT OF URGENCY STATUS EVIDENCE FROM THE CANADIAN THORACIC AORTIC COLLABORATIVE. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Dearborn JL, Khera T, Peterson M, Shahab Z, Kernan WN. Diet quality in patients with stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2019; 4:154-157. [PMID: 31709122 PMCID: PMC6812639 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2018-000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A healthy diet is associated with reduced risk for stroke, myocardial infarction, cancer and death. We examined the prevalence of a healthy diet in patients with a recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA). Methods We recruited a convenience sample of 95 patients with a recent ischaemic stroke or TIA. Using information from a 125-item Food Frequency Questionnaire, we calculated dietary quality and the percentage of patients meeting recommended daily intake (RDI) for common macronutrients and elements. Results The mean age of patients was 66 years (SD: 16) and 46% were women. 39 patients (41%) were classified as having a healthy diet (35% of men and 48% of women). The majority of patients were within the RDI for carbohydrates (56.8%), total fat (61.1%), long-chain n-3 fats (68.4%), polyunsaturated fats (79.0%) and protein (96.8%). Very few patients consumed the recommended intake for sodium (25.3%), and even fewer consumed the RDI for potassium (4.2%), with the majority of patients consuming too much sodium and too little potassium. Conclusion We found that most patients with recent stroke or TIA were not following a healthy diet before their stroke event. For most patients, sodium intake was much above and potassium intake was much below RDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Dearborn
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tehmina Khera
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zartashia Shahab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Walter N Kernan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Peterson M, Macmadu A, Truong AQ, Rich J, Pognon K, Lurie M, Clarke JG, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness and interest among participants in a medications for addiction treatment program in a unified jail and prison setting in Rhode Island. J Subst Abuse Treat 2019; 106:73-78. [PMID: 31540614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
People who are incarcerated are at increased risk for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) acquisition upon release, and one possible intervention for prevention is the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) upon release. The present study assessed HIV risk perceptions as well as PrEP awareness and interest among 39 people who were incarcerated and enrolled in a structured Medication for Addiction Treatment (MAT) program at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections using semi-structured, qualitative interviews. Analysis was conducted using a generalized, inductive method in NVivo 12. While PrEP awareness was low across the study sample, some participants were interested in PrEP uptake or learning more about PrEP after they were provided with an overview of it. PrEP interest strongly related to current perceived HIV risk. Potential barriers included side effects, adherence, and reluctance to take medications in general. MAT programs for people who are criminal justice (CJ) involved may serve as useful linkage spaces to PrEP information, access, and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Peterson
- School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 S Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America; Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, 8 3rd Street, Providence, RI 02906, United States of America.
| | - Alexandria Macmadu
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, 8 3rd Street, Providence, RI 02906, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 S Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America.
| | - Ashley Q Truong
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, 8 3rd Street, Providence, RI 02906, United States of America.
| | - Josiah Rich
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, 8 3rd Street, Providence, RI 02906, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 S Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America; Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America.
| | - Kimberly Pognon
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, 8 3rd Street, Providence, RI 02906, United States of America.
| | - Mark Lurie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 S Main Street, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America.
| | - Jennifer G Clarke
- Rhode Island Department of Corrections, 40 Howard Ave, Cranston, RI 02920, United States of America; Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903, United States of America.
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, 333 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States of America; Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, 335 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States of America.
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Peterson M, Rich J, Macmadu A, Truong AQ, Green TC, Beletsky L, Pognon K, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. "One guy goes to jail, two people are ready to take his spot": Perspectives on drug-induced homicide laws among incarcerated individuals. Int J Drug Policy 2019; 70:47-53. [PMID: 31082662 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As overdose deaths have increased in the United States, some lawmakers have explored punitive, "supply-side" interventions aimed at reducing the supply of fentanyl. While a rationale of seeking to protect people who use drugs is often given to justify harsh sentences for fentanyl distribution, there is no research to our knowledge on perceptions of the effect of drug-induced homicide laws among people who use drugs. METHODS We conducted semi-structured, qualitative interviews with 40 people with opioid use disorder (OUD) who were enrolled in a medication for addiction treatment (MAT) program in a unified jail and prison system in Rhode Island on attitudes surrounding increased sentences for distribution of fentanyl, including recently enacted drug-induced homicide laws. Codes were developed using a generalized, inductive method and interviews analyzed in NVivo 12 after being coded by two coders. RESULTS Most participants stated that drug-induced homicide laws would not be an effective strategy to stem the overdose crisis. We identified key themes, including discussions surrounding the autonomy of people who use drugs, widespread fentanyl prevalence as a barrier to implementation of drug-induced homicide laws, discussions of mass incarceration as ineffective for addressing substance use disorders, feelings that further criminalization could lead to violence, criminalization as a justification for interpersonal loss, and intention as meaningful to categorizing an act as homicide. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of centering the experiences of people with OUD in creating policies surrounding the overdose epidemic, potential unintended health consequences of drug-induced homicides laws such as deterrence from calling 911 and increased violence, and how drug-induced homicide laws may undermine advances made in expanding access to OUD treatment for people who are criminal justice-involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Peterson
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, RI, United States.
| | - Josiah Rich
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexandria Macmadu
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ashley Q Truong
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Traci C Green
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Leo Beletsky
- School of Law and Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kimberly Pognon
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Peterson M, Zaller ND, Wohl DA. Best practices for identifying men who have sex with men for corrections-based pre-exposure prophylaxis provision. Health Justice 2019; 7:7. [PMID: 30982117 PMCID: PMC6717965 DOI: 10.1186/s40352-019-0088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Men who have sex with men (MSM) who are incarcerated are at increased risk for HIV acquisition, yet there are challenges associated with disclosing sexual identity/orientation among people who are incarcerated. METHODS The current study used semi-structured, qualitative interviews to explore attitudes and awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among 26 MSM who were incarcerated at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections. RESULTS Participants noted variable levels of willingness to disclose sexual identity/orientation. CONCLUSIONS CJ institutions should consider involving medical staff and outside agencies when using the CDC PrEP guidelines or consider a WHO-based, rather than behavior-based, approach to determining candidacy for PrEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 333 S. Columbia St., 341B MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | | | - Nickolas D. Zaller
- College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | - David A. Wohl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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McGrath R, Al Snih S, Markides K, Hackney K, Bailey R, Peterson M. The Burden of Functional Disabilities for Middle-Aged and Older Adults in the United States. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:172-174. [PMID: 30697627 PMCID: PMC8262105 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding the role of functional capacity on longevity is important as the population in the United States ages. The purpose of this study was to determine the burden of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL) disabilities for a nationally-representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States. DESIGN Longitudinal-Panel. SETTING Core interviews were often performed in person or over the telephone. PARTICIPANTS A sub-sample of 31,055 participants aged at least 50 years from the 1998-2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study who reported having a functional disability were included. MEASUREMENTS Ability to perform IADLs and ADLs were self-reported at each wave. The National Death Index was used to ascertain date of death. The number of years of life that were lost (YLLs) and years lived with a disability (YLDs) were summed for the calculation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Sampling weights were used in the analyses to make the DALYs nationally-representative. The results for YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs are reported in thousands. RESULTS Of the participants included, 14,990 had an IADL disability and 13,136 had an ADL disability. Men and women with an IADL disability had 236,037 and 233,772 DALYs, respectively; whereas, there were 178,594 DALYs for males and 253,630 DALYs for females with an ADL disability. Collectively, there were 469,809 years of healthy life lost from IADL impairments, and 432,224 years of healthy life lost from ADL limitations. CONCLUSIONS These findings should be used to inform healthcare providers and guide interventions aiming to preserve the functional capacity of aging adults. Prioritizing health-related resources for mitigating the burden of functional disabilities may help aging adults increase their quality of life and life expectancy over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McGrath
- Ryan McGrath, PhD, North Dakota State University, NDSU Dept. 2620, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108-6050,
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Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Peterson M, Arnold T, Nunn AS, Beckwith CG, Castonguay B, Junious E, Lewis C, Chan PA. Knowledge, interest, and anticipated barriers of pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and adherence among gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men who are incarcerated. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205593. [PMID: 30532275 PMCID: PMC6286000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Criminal justice (CJ) settings disproportionately include populations at high risk for acquiring HIV, and CJ-involved individuals are often at the intersection of multiple overlapping risk factors. However, few studies have examined attitudes about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among incarcerated men who have sex with men (MSM). This study explored interest in, knowledge of, and barriers to PrEP uptake among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections. Using semi-structured interviews, 26 MSM were interviewed about PrEP knowledge, interest, timing preferences for provision (e.g. before or after release), and barriers to uptake and adherence during community re-entry. Interviews were coded and analyzed using a general inductive approach. Participants demonstrated low initial knowledge of PrEP but high interest after being told more about it. Participants self-identified risk factors for HIV acquisition, including condomless sex and substance use. In addition, participants preferred provision of PrEP prior to release. Post-release barriers to PrEP uptake and adherence included 1) concerns about costs of PrEP medications; 2) anticipated partner or family disapproval; 3) lack of access to transportation; 4) unstable housing; 5) compounding impacts of multiple hardships leading to a de-prioritization of PrEP and 6) fears of future re-incarceration. These results point to the need for future PrEP interventions among incarcerated populations that address incarceration and PrEP related barriers during community re-entry via wraparound services that address PrEP and incarceration-related barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meghan Peterson
- Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Trisha Arnold
- Department of Psychology, Jackson State University, Jackson, Missouri, United States of America
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Amy S. Nunn
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Curt G. Beckwith
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Breana Castonguay
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eric Junious
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chantal Lewis
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Philip A. Chan
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Ryan
- . Royal College of Surgeons in Irel
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McGrath R, Al Snih S, Markides K, Peterson M. THE BURDEN OF NINE HEALTH CONDITIONS ACROSS RACE/ETHNICITY IN A NATIONALLY-REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Elbatarny M, Tam D, Edelman J, Rocha R, Chu M, Peterson M, El-Hamamsy I, Apoo J, Friedrich J, Boodhwani M, Yanagawa B, Ouzounian M. VALVE-SPARING ROOT REPLACEMENT VERSUS COMPOSITE VALVE GRAFT PROCEDURES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AORTIC ROOT DILATION. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Peterson M, Nowotny K, Dauria E, Arnold T, Brinkley-Rubinstein L. Institutional distrust among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men as a barrier to accessing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). AIDS Care 2018; 31:364-369. [PMID: 30227719 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1524114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Populations at highest risk for acquiring HIV are more likely to pass through criminal justice (CJ) settings, and CJ-involved individuals are often at the intersection of multiple overlapping risk factors. The present study explored interest in, knowledge of, and barriers to PrEP uptake among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men involved in the criminal justice system. Using semi-structured interviews, 26 participants who identified as MSM were asked about PrEP knowledge and interest, HIV risk, and incarceration experience. One theme that emerged across interviews was how institutional distrust in CJ settings may instill lack of trust in medical care after perceived mistreatment. Participants explained how lack of privacy fostered feelings that medical care was not confidential, care received was tied to status as an incarcerated person, and feelings of dehumanization led to distrust. Findings explore how distrust may hinder PrEP uptake and other HIV prevention efforts in CJ settings as well as after release. They highlight the need for greater privacy efforts and cultural humility, and explore how medical settings may function as spaces for people who are incarcerated to disclose HIV risk status. Few studies to our knowledge have examined the role of institutional distrust on men who have sex with men (MSM) in the context of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions. The present study has implications for creating best practices to structure HIV prevention interventions in CJ settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Peterson
- a School of Public Health , Brown University , Providence , RI , USA.,b Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights , Miriam Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Kathryn Nowotny
- c Department of Sociology , University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA
| | - Emily Dauria
- d Department of Psychiatry , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Trisha Arnold
- e Department of Psychology , Rhode Island Hospital , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
- f Department of Social Medicine , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA.,g Center for Health Equity Research , University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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Wang Z, Chan K, Peterson M, Guo Y. 6.3-O1Are China’s rural migrant workers more at higher occupational risks and injury? Evidence from a nationally-representative survey. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky047.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
| | - K Chan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - M Peterson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, China
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Peterson M, Pingel R, Lagali N, Dahlin LB, Rolandsson O. Association between HbA 1c and peripheral neuropathy in a 10-year follow-up study of people with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2017; 34:1756-1764. [PMID: 28929513 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the association between HbA1c and sural nerve function in a group of people with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance or Type 2 diabetes. METHODS We conducted a 10-year follow-up study in 87 out of an original 119 participants. At study commencement (2004), 64 men and 55 women (mean age 61.1 years) with normal glucose tolerance (n=39), impaired glucose tolerance (n=29), or Type 2 diabetes (n=51) were enrolled. At the 2014 follow-up (men, n=46, women, n=41; mean age 71.1 years), 36, nine and 42 participants in the normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes categories, respectively, were re-tested. Biometric data and blood samples were collected, with an electrophysiological examination performed on both occasions. RESULTS At follow-up, we measured the amplitude of the sural nerve in 74 of the 87 participants. The mean amplitude had decreased from 10.9 μV (2004) to 7.0 μV (2014; P<0.001). A 1% increase in HbA1c was associated with a ~1% average decrease in the amplitude of the sural nerve, irrespective of group classification. Crude and adjusted estimates ranged from -0.84 (95% CI -1.32, -0.37) to -1.25 (95% CI -2.31, -0.18). Although the mean conduction velocity of those measured at both occasions (n=73) decreased from 47.6 m/s to 45.8 m/s (P=0.009), any association with HbA1c level was weak. Results were robust with regard to potential confounders and missing data. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest an association between sural nerve amplitude and HbA1c at all levels of HbA1c . Decreased amplitude was more pronounced than was diminished conduction velocity, supporting the notion that axonal degeneration is an earlier and more prominent effect of hyperglycaemia than demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peterson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - R Pingel
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - N Lagali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Ophthalmology, Linköping University, Linköping
| | - L B Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Hand Surgery Lund University, Malmö
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö
| | - O Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Mazine A, Ghoneim A, Stevens L, El Hamamsy I, Harrington A, Losenno K, Hassan A, Peterson M, Chu M. THE LEARNING CURVE OF THORACIC AORTIC SURGERY WITH HYPOTHERMIC CIRCULATORY ARREST: A CUMULATIVE SUM ANALYSIS OF 348 OPERATIONS FROM THREE EARLY-CAREER SURGEONS. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Losenno K, Peterson M, Ouzounian M, Whitlock R, Dagenais F, Boodhwani M, Bhatnagar G, Poostizadeh A, Pozeg Z, Moon M, Kiaii B, Chu M. EARLY CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF A NOVEL FROZEN ELEPHANT TRUNK PROSTHESIS: THE CANADIAN THORACIC AORTIC COLLABORATIVE EXPERIENCE. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Pugh S, Bridgewater J, Finch-Jones M, Rees M, O'Reilly D, Peterson M, Davidson B, Hutchins R, Heaton N, Jiao L, Mudan S, Allen A, Mellor J, Griffiths G, Cunningham D, Maughan T, Garden J, Primrose J. Surgical quality and the impact of liver resection on outcome in the new EPOC study. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx393.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hunt LP, McInerney-Leo AM, Sinnott S, Sutton B, Cincotta R, Duncombe G, Chua J, Peterson M. Low first-trimester PAPP-A in IVF (fresh and frozen-thawed) pregnancies, likely due to a biological cause. J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:1367-1375. [PMID: 28718082 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-0996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to confirm a difference in the first-trimester screen maternal biochemistry and false-positive rates (FPR) between pregnancies conceived spontaneously and those conceived via assisted reproductive technologies (ART). METHODS Retrospective analysis of the complete population of women (17,889 pregnancies) who had undergone first-trimester screening between January 2004 and September 2009 at three private ultrasound clinics in Queensland, Australia was used in the study. The age, gestation, method of conception, ultrasound markers, biochemistry markers (PAPP-A, fβ-hCG), and type of biochemical analyzer platform (Brahms Kryptor, Immulite 2000) data was collated. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman's rank nonparametric correlation analysis, and Binary Logistic Regression analysis were used to analyze data. Spontaneous pregnancies were used as controls. Results were considered significant when the p value was less than 0.05. RESULTS After exclusions, 16,363 singleton pregnancies, including 1543 conceived via ART, were analyzed. Results from the two biochemistry platforms, Brahms Kryptor and Immulite 2000 were significantly different (p < 0.001); thus, the data was divided for analysis purposes. PAPP-A was universally significantly lower in IVF pregnancies compared to spontaneously conceived pregnancies (p < 0.001). Using the Brahms Kryptor platform, ICSI was associated with significantly decreased PAPP-A (p < 0.046), and a significantly increased FPR (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous studies IVF pregnancies had significantly lower PAPP-A levels supporting the need to appropriately adjust the combined first-trimester screening (cFTS) risk algorithm for IVF conceptions. The Brahms Kryptor and Immulite 2000 platforms are significantly different; however, the universally lower PAPP-A findings support the hypothesis that the lower PAPP-A is due to a biological cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren P Hunt
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia. .,School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia. .,Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - A M McInerney-Leo
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Level 7, 37 Kent Street, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - S Sinnott
- Specialised Obstetric & Gynaecological Imaging (so+gi), 4A/15 Tribune Street, South Bank, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - B Sutton
- Specialised Obstetric & Gynaecological Imaging (so+gi), 4A/15 Tribune Street, South Bank, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - R Cincotta
- Queensland Ultrasound for Women, 1/55 Little Edward Street, Spring Hill, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - G Duncombe
- Queensland Ultrasound for Women, 1/55 Little Edward Street, Spring Hill, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - J Chua
- Queensland Ultrasound for Women, 1/55 Little Edward Street, Spring Hill, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - M Peterson
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.,Specialised Obstetric & Gynaecological Imaging (so+gi), 4A/15 Tribune Street, South Bank, QLD, 4101, Australia
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Peterson M, Duchowny K. LOW NORMALIZED GRIP STRENGTH IS A BIOMARKER FOR DIABETES AND PHYSICAL DISABILITY IN AGING ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Peterson
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - K. Duchowny
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Peterson M. GRIP STRENGTH TRAJECTORIES FROM EARLY ADULTHOOD THROUGH MIDLIFE: THE FELS LONGITUDINAL STUDY. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- M.S. Stum
- Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota,
| | - R. Kilderia
- Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota,
- School of Social Work, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - M. Peterson
- Minnesota Elder Justice Center, St, Paul, Minnesota,
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Lopez-Ponnada EV, Lynn TJ, Peterson M, Ergas SJ, Mihelcic JR. Application of denitrifying wood chip bioreactors for management of residential non-point sources of nitrogen. J Biol Eng 2017; 11:16. [PMID: 28469703 PMCID: PMC5410704 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-017-0057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two important and large non-point sources of nitrogen in residential areas that adversely affect water quality are stormwater runoff and effluent from on-site treatment systems. These sources are challenging to control due to their variable flow rates and nitrogen concentrations. Denitrifying bioreactors that employ a lignocellulosic wood chip medium contained within a saturated (anoxic) zone are relatively new technology that can be implemented at the local level to manage residential non-point nitrogen sources. In these systems, wood chips serve as a microbial biofilm support and provide a constant source of organic substrate required for denitrification. Denitrifying wood chip bioreactors for stormwater management include biofilters and bioretention systems modified to include an internal water storage zone; for on-site wastewater, they include upflow packed bed reactors, permeable reactive barriers, and submerged wetlands. Laboratory studies have shown that these bioreactors can achieve nitrate removal efficiencies as high as 80-100% but could provide more fundamental insight into system design and performance. For example, the type and size of the wood chips, hydraulic loading rate, and dormant period between water applications affects the hydrolysis rate of the lignocellulosic substrate, which in turn affects the amount and bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon for denitrification. Additional field studies can provide a better understanding of the effect of varying environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, precipitation rates, household water use rates, and idle periods on nitrogen removal performance. Long-term studies are also essential for understanding operations and maintenance requirements and validating mathematical models that integrate the complex physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring in these systems. Better modeling tools could assist in optimizing denitrifying wood chip bioreactors to meet nutrient reduction goals in urban and suburban watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Lopez-Ponnada
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave./ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - T J Lynn
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, 700 University Blvd./MSC 213, Kingsville, TX 78363 USA
| | - M Peterson
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave./ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - S J Ergas
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave./ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - J R Mihelcic
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave./ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
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Sparano JA, Gray R, Oktay MH, Entenberg D, Rohan T, Xue X, Donovan M, Peterson M, Shuber A, Hamilton D, D'Alfonso T, Goldstein LJ, Gerlter F, Davidson N, Condeelis J, Jones J. Abstract S4-04: Tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM) score is associated with early distant recurrence in hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative early stage breast cancer (ESBC). Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-s4-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Metastasis is the primary cause of death in ESBC. We have shown in mouse models that a subpopulation of tumor cells expressing invasive Mena isoforms stream, form microanatomic structures (“TMEM”) with endothelial cells and macrophages, intravasate into the circulation at TMEM sites, and metastasize (Harney et al. Cancer Discovery, 2015). Further, TMEM sites (“MetaSites”) are identifiable in human ESBC, and “MetaSite score” [MS] is positively associated with distant recurrence in HR+/HER2- ESBC independent of clinicopathologic features, including IHC4 (Rohan et al. JNCI 2014). Here we determined the association between MS and recurrence in an independent ESBC cohort (E2197; NCT00003519).
Methods: We evaluated primary tumors from 600 patients (median followup 14.8 years) with ESBC (weighted % = 50% T1, 54% N0, 46% N1) treated with surgery and 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC or AT) and endocrine therapy. Grade, ER, PR, and HER2, and Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) were evaluated in central labs (Badve et al. JCO 2008), and MS was determined in a CLIA-certified lab using an analytically validated, fully automated digital pathology/image analysis method that identifies Mena expressing tumor cells in direct contact with CD68+ macrophages and CD31+ endothelial cells (ie, “TMEMs”, or “MetaSites”). The objectives were to determine the association between MS and distant relapse free interval (DRFI) and relapse free interval (RFI). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate time-to-event distributions. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess hazard ratio associated with MS while controlling for covariates, and allowing time-varying association with MS. Both Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods addressed stratified sampling by incorporating proper weights. All analyses were performed in R 3.2.3.
Results: MS ranged from 0-199; the weighted mean MS was lower in HR+/HER2- than TN (16.1 vs. 23.8, p=0.001) and HER2+ disease (26.2, p=0.003). MS was not associated with T or N status, and correlated poorly with RS (r=0.29). Proportional hazards models revealed a significant positive association between continuous MS and DRFI (p=0.001) and RFI (p=0.00006) in HR+/HER2- disease in years 0-5 (and by MS tertiles for DRFI [p=0.04] and RFI [p=0.01]), but not after year 5 or in TN or HER2+ disease. Proportional hazards models including clinical covariates (N0 vs. N1; T1 vs. T2; high vs. int. vs. low grade) also revealed significant positive associations for continuous MS with RFI (p=0.04), and borderline association with DRFI (p=0.08). Similar findings for MS (RFI p=0.05;DRFI p=0.10) were noted in a joint model including categorical RS (<18,18-30, >30).
Conclusions: MS, a novel metastasis biomarker reflecting interaction between streaming and metastasizing tumor cells and microenvironment, provides prognostic information complementary to classical clinicopathologic features and RS in HR+/HER2- ESBC. Further evaluation is warranted in order to identify patients at highest risk of recurrence within 5 years most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy or novel therapies. (Supported by BCRF and NCI CA21115, CA180794, CA23318, CA66636, CA180820).
Citation Format: Sparano JA, Gray R, Oktay MH, Entenberg D, Rohan T, Xue X, Donovan M, Peterson M, Shuber A, Hamilton D, D'Alfonso T, Goldstein LJ, Gerlter F, Davidson N, Condeelis J, Jones J. Tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM) score is associated with early distant recurrence in hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative early stage breast cancer (ESBC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr S4-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Sparano
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R Gray
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - MH Oktay
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D Entenberg
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - T Rohan
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - X Xue
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M Donovan
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M Peterson
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A Shuber
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D Hamilton
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - T D'Alfonso
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - LJ Goldstein
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - F Gerlter
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - N Davidson
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J Condeelis
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J Jones
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; ECOG-ACRIN Research Group, Boston, MA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; MetaStat, Inc, Boston, MA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA
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Peterson M, Gao J. Global Health: Recent Progress & Future Challenges. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/147827151604600408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Peterson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Gao
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK The Global Health: Recent Progress & Future Challenges symposium was held on 25 February 2016 at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
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