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Deweese MM, Roof E, Key AP. Food cue reward salience does not explain Hyperphagia in adolescents with Prader-Willi syndrome. Dev Neuropsychol 2023; 48:335-346. [PMID: 37929675 DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2023.2276950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is characterized by hyperphagia, an extreme and persistent hunger that emerges in early childhood. We used event-related potentials (ERPs) to objectively investigate brain responses to low- and high-calorie foods, animals, and household objects in 20 satiated adolescents with PWS. Late Positive Potential (LPP) responses to food images did not differ from non-food images. Rather, we observed larger ERPs to high-calorie foods relative to animal images (p=.001) in an earlier time window. These responses correlated with greater severity of hyperphagia (p = .01). Thus, hyperphagia associated with PWS may be due to altered satiety regulation rather than increased motivational salience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menton M Deweese
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth Roof
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Department of Hearing and Spositive potentialpeech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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2
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Versace F, Sambuco N, Deweese MM, Cinciripini PM. Electrophysiological normative responses to emotional, neutral, and cigarette-related images. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14196. [PMID: 36316228 PMCID: PMC10166608 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
To create reproducible emotional probes, affective scientists rely on sets of standardized pictures that are normed using subjective ratings of valence and emotional arousal. However, when emotional responses are investigated using neurophysiological measures, it might be more appropriate to select pictures integrating information from normative subjective reports and normative neurophysiological responses. Here, we provide electrophysiological normative responses for 323 emotional pictures (215 from the IAPS) covering a wide range of categories (erotica, romantic, appetizing foods, landscapes, people engaged in mundane activities, household objects, disgusting objects, accidents, sad people, violence, mutilations, and cigarette-related contents). Event-related potentials (ERPs) and subjective ratings of pleasure and emotional arousal were collected from 763 individuals (52% females, 41% white) aged between 18 and 65 (mean = 43). For each image, the mean amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP, an electrophysiological index of motivational relevance) and the mean subjective ratings of valence and arousal were calculated. We validated our procedure by showing that the subjective ratings of valence and arousal from this sample were highly correlated to the IAPS' published norms (Pearson r = .97 for pleasure and r = .82 for emotional arousal). LPP responses and subjective ratings of emotional arousal also were correlated (Pearson r = .61), but some categories reported being significantly more arousing than neutral (i.e., food, landscapes, and unpleasant objects) did not evoke LPPs significantly different from those evoked by neutral pictures. Researchers interested in probing the brain's affective systems can use these electrophysiological normative responses to create emotional probes that evoke reliable neuroaffective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicola Sambuco
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Menton M Deweese
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul M Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Deweese MM, Versace F, Kypriotakis G, Dirba D, Daniel CR, Schembre SM. Satiety does not affect neuroaffective electrophysiological responses to food-related or emotional visual cues. Behav Neurosci 2021; 135:571-580. [PMID: 33844564 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Continuing to eat even when full leads to excessive calorie consumption and obesity. Thus, understanding brain responses to food cues when satiated has important implications for weight control interventions. We used the late positive potential (LPP, a component of the event-related potentials (ERP) indexing motivational relevance) to determine the extent to which satiety affects brain responses to images of highly palatable foods (high-fat, high-sugar), high and low motivationally relevant (pleasant, unpleasant) and neutral stimuli in a sample of obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) individuals. Satiated individuals (N = 55, 21 with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were fed a nutritional drink prior to the experimental session and were individually matched with 55 unsatiated individuals who saw the same images during a passive viewing task. Satiety did not affect LPP response to food-related or motivationally relevant cues in either BMI < 25 kg/m2 or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals (p = .6). Irrespective of satiety, all participants showed larger LPPs as a function of the images' motivational relevance. There were no differences in LPP amplitude between BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals for any picture category, including food. However, within-group comparisons showed that BMI < 25 kg/m2 individuals had larger LPPs to low motivationally relevant pleasant images than to food-related cues (p < .001); this difference was not significant for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 individuals. Although satiety does not affect LPP responses to food-related cues, these results highlight the importance of evaluating reactivity to food-related cues in relation to other motivationally relevant stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Menton M Deweese
- Behavioral Science Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Francesco Versace
- Behavioral Science Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - George Kypriotakis
- Behavioral Science Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Danika Dirba
- Behavioral Science Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Epidemiology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Susan M Schembre
- Behavioral Science Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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Frank DW, Cinciripini PM, Deweese MM, Karam-Hage M, Kypriotakis G, Lerman C, Robinson JD, Tyndale RF, Vidrine DJ, Versace F. Toward Precision Medicine for Smoking Cessation: Developing a Neuroimaging-Based Classification Algorithm to Identify Smokers at Higher Risk for Relapse. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:1277-1284. [PMID: 31724052 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By improving our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying addiction, neuroimaging research is helping to identify new targets for personalized treatment interventions. When trying to quit, smokers with larger electrophysiological responses to cigarette-related, compared with pleasant, stimuli ("C > P") are more likely to relapse than smokers with the opposite brain reactivity profile ("P > C"). AIM AND METHOD The goal was to (1) build a classification algorithm to identify smokers characterized by P > C or C > P neuroaffective profiles and (2) validate the algorithm's classification outcomes in an independent data set where we assessed both smokers' electrophysiological responses at baseline and smoking abstinence during a quit attempt. We built the classification algorithm applying discriminant function analysis on the event-related potentials evoked by emotional images in 180 smokers. RESULTS The predictive validity of the classifier showed promise in an independent data set that included new data from 177 smokers interested in quitting; the algorithm classified 111 smokers as P > C and 66 as C > P. The overall abstinence rate was low; 15 individuals (8.5% of the sample) achieved CO-verified 12-month abstinence. Although individuals classified as P > C were nearly 2.5 times more likely to be abstinent than smokers classified as C > P (12 vs. 3, or 11% vs. 4.5%), this result was nonsignificant, preliminary, and in need of confirmation in larger trials. CONCLUSION These results suggest that psychophysiological techniques have the potential to advance our knowledge of the neurobiological underpinnings of nicotine addiction and improve clinical applications. However, larger sample sizes are necessary to reliably assess the predictive ability of our algorithm. IMPLICATIONS We assessed the clinical relevance of a neuroimaging-based classification algorithm on an independent sample of smokers enrolled in a smoking cessation trial and found those with the tendency to attribute more relevance to rewards than cues were nearly 2.5 times more likely to be abstinent than smokers with the opposite brain reactivity profile (11% vs. 4.5%). Although this result was not statistically significant, it suggests our neuroimaging-based classification algorithm can potentially contribute to the development of new precision medicine interventions aimed at treating substance use disorders. Regardless, these findings are still preliminary and in need of confirmation in larger trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Frank
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Paul M Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Menton M Deweese
- Department of Teaching and Learning, Peabody College at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Maher Karam-Hage
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - George Kypriotakis
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason D Robinson
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Damon J Vidrine
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Versace F, Frank DW, Stevens EM, Deweese MM, Guindani M, Schembre SM. The reality of "food porn": Larger brain responses to food-related cues than to erotic images predict cue-induced eating. Psychophysiology 2019; 56:e13309. [PMID: 30556253 PMCID: PMC6446735 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While some individuals can defy the lure of temptation, many others find appetizing food irresistible. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological mechanisms that increase individuals' vulnerability to cue-induced eating. Using ERPs, a direct measure of brain activity, we showed that individuals with larger late positive potentials in response to food-related cues than to erotic images are more susceptible to cue-induced eating and, in the presence of a palatable food option, eat more than twice as much as individuals with the opposite brain reactivity profile. By highlighting the presence of individual brain reactivity profiles associated with susceptibility to cue-induced eating, these findings contribute to the understanding of the neurobiological basis of vulnerability to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - David W. Frank
- Department of Behavioral ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Elise M. Stevens
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research CenterThe University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOklahoma
| | - Menton M. Deweese
- Department of Teaching and LearningVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Michele Guindani
- Department of StatisticsThe University of California, IrvineIrvineCalifornia
| | - Susan M. Schembre
- Department of Family and Community MedicineUniversity of Arizona, College of Medicine–TucsonTucsonArizona
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Stevens EM, Frank D, Codispoti M, Kypriotakis G, Cinciripini PM, Claiborne K, Deweese MM, Engelmann JM, Green CE, Karam-Hage M, Minnix JA, Ng J, Robinson JD, Tyndale RF, Vidrine DJ, Versace F. The Late Positive Potentials Evoked by Cigarette-Related and Emotional Images Show no Gender Differences in Smokers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3240. [PMID: 30824792 PMCID: PMC6397300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
When trying to quit, women are less likely than men to achieve long-term smoking abstinence. Identifying the neuropsychological mechanisms underlying women's higher relapse vulnerability will help clinicians to develop effective tailored smoking cessation interventions. Here we used event-related potentials (ERPs), a direct measure of brain activity, to evaluate the extent to which neurophysiological responses to cigarette-related and other emotional stimuli differ between female and male smokers. Both women and men showed similar patterns of brain reactivity across all picture categories; pleasant and unpleasant images prompted larger Late Positive Potentials (LPPs, a robust measure of motivational relevance) than neutral images in both groups, and cigarette-related images prompted lower LPPs than high arousing emotional images in both groups. Unlike previous studies, there were no differences between male and female smokers with regard to LPP responses to cigarette-related images. This suggests that the LPP may not be ideally suited to discriminate neurophysiological gender differences or that there are simply no gender differences in the neurophysiological responses to cigarette-related stimuli. We collected ERPs from 222 non-nicotine-deprived smokers (101 women) while they watched a slideshow that included high and low emotionally arousing pleasant and unpleasant pictures, cigarette-related, and neutral pictures. We used the mean amplitude of the LPP to assess the affective significance that participants attributed to these pictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Stevens
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - David Frank
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Menton M Deweese
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Teaching and Learning, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Charles E Green
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maher Karam-Hage
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Ng
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason D Robinson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damon J Vidrine
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Versace F, Stevens EM, Robinson JD, Cui Y, Deweese MM, Engelmann JM, Green CE, Karam-Hage M, Lam CY, Minnix JA, Wetter DW, Cinciripini PM. Brain Responses to Cigarette-Related and Emotional Images in Smokers During Smoking Cessation: No Effect of Varenicline or Bupropion on the Late Positive Potential. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 21:234-240. [PMID: 29220524 PMCID: PMC6329398 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Varenicline and bupropion are two effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. Researchers have hypothesized that they might be effective, in part, because they reduce cue reactivity and cue-induced cravings. Here, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to directly measure brain responses to cigarette-related and other motivationally relevant images during a pharmacologically aided quit attempt. Methods Smokers involved in a 12-week placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial of smoking cessation medications (varenicline, bupropion, placebo) took part in the study. We assessed participants at two time points: 24 h (n = 140) and 4 weeks (n = 176) after the quit date. At both sessions, we measured the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), an ERP component reliably associated with motivational relevance, and self-reported tonic craving using the brief version of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU-Brief). Results At both sessions, emotional and cigarette-related images evoked significantly larger LPPs than neutral images. Neither drug type nor smoking abstinence altered this effect at either session. At both sessions, varenicline and bupropion significantly reduced self-reported tonic craving relative to the placebo condition. Conclusions While both varenicline and bupropion reduced self-reported tonic craving, neither medication altered the amplitude of the LPP to cigarette-related or emotional pictures in smokers attempting to quit. These medications may influence abstinence by means other than by reducing neuroaffective responses to cigarette-related cues. Smokers should be prepared for the likelihood that even after several weeks of successful abstinence, once treatment ends, cigarette-related cues may remain motivationally relevant and trigger cravings that might lead to relapse. Implications Bupropion and varenicline do not alter electrophysiological responses, as measured by the LPP, to cigarette-related and emotional images. These findings help explain why cigarette-related cues can trigger relapse when smoking cessation medication treatments end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versace
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elise M Stevens
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jason D Robinson
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Menton M Deweese
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey M Engelmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Charles E Green
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Maher Karam-Hage
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Cho Y Lam
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jennifer A Minnix
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David W Wetter
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Paul M Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Versace F, Engelmann JM, Deweese MM, Robinson JD, Green CE, Lam CY, Minnix JA, Karam-Hage MA, Wetter DW, Schembre SM, Cinciripini PM. Beyond Cue Reactivity: Non-Drug-Related Motivationally Relevant Stimuli Are Necessary to Understand Reactivity to Drug-Related Cues. Nicotine Tob Res 2017; 19:663-669. [PMID: 28486715 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurobiological models of addiction posit that drug use can alter reward processes in two ways: (1) by increasing the motivational relevance of drugs and drug-related cues and (2) by reducing the motivational relevance of non-drug-related rewards. Here, we discuss the results from a series of neuroimaging studies in which we assessed the extent to which these hypotheses apply to nicotine dependence. In these studies, we recorded smokers’ and nonsmokers’ brain responses to a wide array of motivationally relevant visual stimuli that included pleasant, unpleasant, cigarette-related, and neutral images. Based on these findings, we highlight the flaws of the traditional cue reactivity paradigm and we conclude that responses to non-drug-related motivationally relevant stimuli should be used to appropriately gauge the motivational relevance of cigarette-related cues and to identify smokers attributing higher motivational relevance to drug-related cues than to non-drug-related rewards. Identifying these individuals is clinically relevant as they achieve lower rates of long-term smoking abstinence when attempting to quit. Finally, we show how this approach may be extended beyond nicotine dependence to inform theoretical and clinical research in the study of obesity. Implications The cue reactivity paradigm (ie, comparing responses evoked by drug-related cues to those evoked by neutral cues) cannot provide conclusive information about the motivational relevance of drug-related cues. Responses to non-drug-related motivationally relevant stimuli should be used to appropriately gauge the level of motivational relevance that substance-dependent individuals attribute to drug-related cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versace
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jeffrey M Engelmann
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Menton M Deweese
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jason D Robinson
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Charles E Green
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Cho Y Lam
- Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer A Minnix
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Maher A Karam-Hage
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Susan M Schembre
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Paul M Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Deweese MM, Müller M, Keil A. Extent and time-course of competition in visual cortex between emotionally arousing distractors and a concurrent task. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:961-70. [PMID: 26790572 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Emotionally arousing cues automatically attract attentional resources, which may be at the cost of processing task-related information. Of central importance is how the visual system resolves competition for processing resources among stimuli differing in motivational salience. Here, we assessed the extent and time-course of competition between emotionally arousing distractors and task-related stimuli in a frequency-tagging paradigm. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) were evoked using random-dot kinematograms that consisted of rapidly flickering (8.57 Hz) dots, superimposed upon emotional or neutral distractor pictures flickering at 12 Hz. The time-varying amplitude of the ssVEP evoked by the motion detection task showed a significant reduction to the task-relevant stream while emotionally arousing pictures were presented as distractors. Competition between emotionally arousing pictures and moving dots began 450 ms after picture onset and persisted for an additional 2600 ms. Competitive effects of the overlapping task and picture stream revealed cost effects for the motion detection task when unpleasant pictures were presented as distractors between 450 and 1650 ms after picture onset, where an increase in ssVEP amplitude to the flickering picture stimulus was at the cost of ssVEP amplitude to the flickering dot stimulus. Cost effects were generalized to all emotionally arousing contents between 1850 and 3050 ms after picture onset, where the greatest amount of competition was evident for conditions in which emotionally arousing pictures, compared to neutral, served as distractors. In sum, the processing capacity of the visual system as measured by ssVEPs is limited, resulting in prioritized processing of emotionally relevant cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menton M Deweese
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, P.O. Box 112766, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Matthias Müller
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Keil
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, P.O. Box 112766, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Deweese MM, Claiborne KN, Ng J, Dirba DD, Stewart HL, Schembre SM, Versace F. Dispensing apparatus for use in a cued food delivery task. MethodsX 2016; 2:446-57. [PMID: 26870667 PMCID: PMC4678323 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobiological models of obesity postulate that obese individuals have difficulty regulating food intake partly because they attribute excessive salience to stimuli signaling food availability. Typically, human studies that investigate the relationship between brain responses to food-related stimuli and obesity present food cues without subsequent delivery of food. However, in order to identify the brain correlates of cue reactivity, we must record brain responses to food-related cues signaling food availability. Therefore, we have developed a dispensing apparatus for use in a cued-food delivery task in which event-related potentials (ERPs) to food-related images predicting food delivery and images not predicting food delivery can be recorded. Here, we describe a method where:•The experimental apparatus dispenses an edible item (i.e., a chocolate candy) which may or may not be eaten, or a non-edible control item (e.g., a plastic bead).•Deposit boxes are available to store uneaten candies and the non-edible control items.•The dispensing mechanism is capable of recording the exact timestamp when each delivery event occurs (e.g., release from the dispenser, arrival in the receptacle, storage in the deposit box).
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Affiliation(s)
- Menton M Deweese
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Ng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Danika D Dirba
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannah L Stewart
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan M Schembre
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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