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Siciliano RE, Anderson AS, Vreeland AJ, Gruhn MA, Henry LM, Watson KH, Liu Q, Cole DA, Ebert J, Kuhn T, Compas BE. Physiology and emotions: Within individual associations during caregiver-adolescent conflict. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14397. [PMID: 37537701 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Concordance between physiological and emotional responses is central to models of emotion and has been shown to correspond to effective responses and well-being in adults. A deeper understanding of physiological-emotional concordance during ecologically relevant scenarios is essential to then determine if these associations predict mental health problems or can serve as a helpful biomarker of risk or resilience in adults and youth. The present study assessed the minute-to-minute associations between sympathetic (i.e., skin conductance level [SCL]) and parasympathetic (i.e., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) nervous system activity and self-reported emotions, assessed via video-mediated recall procedures, during a parent-adolescent conflict discussion task. Associations between emotion ratings and physiological activity were assessed in adolescents (N = 97; ages 10-15) and their adult caregivers (N = 97). Utilizing a multilevel modeling approach, findings demonstrated a significant positive association between SCL and emotion ratings for youth, suggesting that increased engagement and alertness contributed to more positive emotion. RSA was unrelated to emotion ratings. The presence of significant variability in associations indicated the presence of potential moderators. This could include clinically relevant processes (e.g., emotion regulation, relationship quality, and mental health). Future research should continue to build on findings to determine if, when, and for whom, physiological-emotional concordance occurs, and whether the degree of concordance predicts risk for mental and physical health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Siciliano
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allegra S Anderson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allison J Vreeland
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meredith A Gruhn
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lauren M Henry
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelly H Watson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Qimin Liu
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David A Cole
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jon Ebert
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tarah Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Henry LM, Watson KH, Cole DA, Torres S, Vreeland A, Siciliano RE, Anderson AS, Gruhn MA, Ciriegio A, Broll C, Ebert J, Kuhn T, Compas BE. Mean-level correspondence and moment-to-moment synchrony in adolescent and parent affect: Exploring associations with adolescent age and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:809-822. [PMID: 35387703 PMCID: PMC9881583 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interactions with parents are integral in shaping the development of children's emotional processes. Important aspects of these interactions are overall (mean level) affective experience and affective synchrony (linkages between parent and child affect across time). Respectively, mean-level affect and affective synchrony reflect aspects of the content and structure of dyadic interactions. Most research on parent-child affect during dyadic interactions has focused on infancy and early childhood; adolescence, however, is a key period for both normative emotional development and the emergence of emotional disorders. We examined affect in early to mid-adolescents (N = 55, Mage = 12.27) and their parents using a video-mediated recall task of 10-min conflict-topic discussions. Using multilevel modeling, we found evidence of significant level-2 effects (mean affect) and level-1 effects (affective synchrony) for parents and their adolescents. Level-2 and level-1 associations were differentially moderated by adolescent age and adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. More specifically, parent-adolescent synchrony was stronger when adolescents were older and had more internalizing problems. Further, more positive adolescent mean affect was associated with more positive parent affect (and vice versa), but only for dyads with low adolescent externalizing problems. Results underscore the importance of additional research examining parent-child affect in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Henry
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelly H. Watson
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A. Cole
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sofia Torres
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Allison Vreeland
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Meredith A. Gruhn
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Abagail Ciriegio
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cassandra Broll
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jon Ebert
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tarah Kuhn
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bruce E. Compas
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Anderson AS, Watson KH, Reising MM, Dunbar JP, Gruhn MA, Compas BE. Adolescents’ Coping and Internalizing Symptoms: Role of Maternal Socialization of Coping and Depression Symptoms. Mental Health & Prevention 2023; 30. [PMID: 37064864 PMCID: PMC10104443 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhp.2023.200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Parental emotion socialization, including processes of the socialization of coping and emotion regulation, is a key factor in shaping children's adjustment in response to acute and chronic stress. Given well-established links between parental depression and youth psychopathology, levels of parental depression symptoms are an important factor for understanding emotion socialization and regulation processes. The present study examined associations among maternal coping and depression symptoms with their adolescents' coping and internalizing problems. A sample of 120 adolescents (45% female, M = 12.27, SD = 1.90) and their mothers participated in a cross-sectional, multi-informant study. Mothers' depression symptoms and adolescents' coping were significantly related to adolescents' internalizing problems. Adolescents' coping moderated the association between maternal depression symptoms and adolescents' internalizing problems, where at low and moderate levels of primary control coping, maternal depression predicted greater internalizing symptoms in adolescents. Further, this study expanded on prior work, demonstrating that the relationship between adolescents' coping and internalizing symptoms was associated with the degree to which mothers model coping. Taken together, results suggest that maternal coping and adolescent coping serve as salient risk and protective factors in the context of family stress. Findings emphasize a need for researchers to further clarify the role of emotion socialization processes in adolescents' development of coping in the context of family stress.
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Machlin L, Gruhn MA, Miller AB, Milojevich HM, Motton S, Findley AM, Patel K, Mitchell A, Martinez DN, Sheridan MA. Predictors of family violence in North Carolina following initial COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 130:105376. [PMID: 34728100 PMCID: PMC8556186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is evidence that family violence increased in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies have characterized longitudinal trends in family violence across the course of initial stay-at-home orders. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study is to investigate patterns and predictors of family violence, such as child maltreatment and harsh punishment, during the first eight weeks of the pandemic after initial stay-at-home orders in North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants included 120 families with children ages 4-11 (53% non-White, 49% female) and a primary caregiver (98% female) living in rural and suburban areas in North Carolina. Participants were recruited based on high risk of pre-pandemic family violence exposure. METHODS Caregivers completed weekly surveys during the pandemic assessing family violence, caregiver employment status, and caregiver emotion reactivity. In addition, all caregivers completed pre-pandemic surveys on family violence. RESULTS Mixed-effects models revealed that family violence was highest following initial stay-at-home orders and decreased linearly over time. Higher pre-pandemic child violence exposure and caregiver unemployment were associated with higher initial family violence. Higher caregiver emotion reactivity was associated with changes in family violence across time. CONCLUSIONS We observed high levels of family violence following stay-at-home orders, especially in families with higher baseline violence, higher caregiver emotion reactivity, and caregiver unemployment or underemployment. These associations suggest that vulnerable families may respond to the additional stressor of stay-at-home orders with increased violence and thus need additional support in moments of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machlin
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America.
| | - Meredith A Gruhn
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Adam Bryant Miller
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America; Mental Health Risk and Resilience Research Program, RTI International, United States of America
| | | | - Summer Motton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Abigail M Findley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Kinjal Patel
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
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Anderson AS, Siciliano RE, Henry LM, Watson KH, Gruhn MA, Kuhn TM, Ebert J, Vreeland AJ, Ciriegio AE, Guthrie C, Compas BE. Adverse childhood experiences, parenting, and socioeconomic status: Associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescence. Child Abuse Negl 2022; 125:105493. [PMID: 35091303 PMCID: PMC8826588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), low socioeconomic status (SES), and harsh parenting practices each represent well-established risk factors for mental health problems. However, research supporting these links has often focused on only one of these predictors and psychopathology, and interactions among these variables in association with symptoms are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The current study utilized a cross-sectional, multi-informant, and multi-method design to investigate the associations of ACEs, SES, parenting, and concurrent internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data are from a volunteer sample of 97 adolescents and their caregivers recruited from 2018 to 2021 in a southern U.S. metropolitan area to sample a range of exposure to ACEs. METHODS Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations among adolescents' ACEs exposure, SES, observed parenting practices, and symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. RESULTS Lower SES was associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, while higher ACEs exposure and observed parenting were related to externalizing but not internalizing symptoms. Associations of adolescents' exposure to physical abuse and perceived financial insecurity with externalizing symptoms were moderated by warm and supportive parenting behaviors. Conversely, harsh parenting was linked to increased levels of externalizing symptoms, particularly in the context of low income. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the presence of multiple risk factors may incur greater vulnerability to externalizing problems, while warm and supportive parenting practices may provide a buffer against externalizing problems for adolescents exposed to physical abuse. Links between ACEs, SES, parenting, and youth adjustment should continue to be explored, highlighting parenting as a potentially important and malleable intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon Ebert
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
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Gruhn MA, West A, Hamlat E, Weinstein S. Assessing change in suicidal ideation intensity for youth in treatment for pediatric bipolar disorder. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 26:795-809. [PMID: 33715470 DOI: 10.1177/1359104521996762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal ideation (SI) is significantly higher for youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), yet clinical correlates of suicidality remain poorly understood in this population. The current study investigates how change in risk factors for SI relate to change in SI intensity over a 6-month period of treatment. METHOD Children ages 9 to 13 (N = 71; 41% female; 54% Caucasian; Mean age = 9.17) engaged in one of two psychotherapy treatment conditions and completed assessments of SI risk factors and psychopathology symptoms at baseline (pre-treatment), 4 and 8 weeks (during treatment), 12 weeks (post-treatment), and 39 weeks (follow-up assessment at 6 months post-treatment). Children also completed assessments of SI intensity at baseline, post-treatment (12 weeks), and 6 months post-treatment. RESULTS Mixed-effects regression models indicate that increases in health-related quality of life in the family, mobilization of the family to acquire/accept help for PBD, and child self-concept were associated with decreased SI intensity over time. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of family and child level factors in influencing longitudinal change in SI intensity in youth with PBD. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Gruhn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy West
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Elissa Hamlat
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sally Weinstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
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Siciliano RE, Thigpen JC, Desjardins L, Cook JL, Steele EH, Gruhn MA, Ichinose M, Park S, Esbenshade AJ, Pastakia D, Wellons JC, Compas BE. Working memory training in pediatric brain tumor survivors after recent diagnosis: Challenges and initial effects. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2021; 11:412-421. [PMID: 33501845 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2021.1875226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Research shows promise for cognitive interventions for children diagnosed with brain tumors. Interventions have been delivered approximately 5 years postdiagnosis on average, yet recent evidence shows cognitive deficits may appear near diagnosis. The present study assessed the feasibility and initial effects of working memory training in children with brain tumors delivered soon after diagnosis and followed 2 years postdiagnosis. Children completed baseline assessments 10 months postdiagnosis and were randomized to complete adaptive or nonadaptive (i.e., control) Cogmed Working Memory Training. Children were administered the WISC-IV Working Memory Index (WMI) and NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NTCB), and parents completed attentional and executive function measures at four time points. On average, participants completed half of prescribed Cogmed sessions. Retention for the three follow-up assessments proved difficult. For both Cogmed groups, WMI and NTCB scores significantly improved immediately postintervention compared to baseline scores. Significant differences were not maintained at the remaining follow-ups. There was preliminary evidence for improved executive function at the final follow-up on parent-reported measures. Working memory training closer to diagnosis proved difficult, though results suggest evidence of cognitive improvement. Future studies should continue to examine potentially efficacious interventions for children with brain tumors and optimal delivery windows to maximize impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Siciliano
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer C Thigpen
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leandra Desjardins
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jessica L Cook
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ellen H Steele
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meredith A Gruhn
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Megan Ichinose
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam J Esbenshade
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Devang Pastakia
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - John C Wellons
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Compas BE, Jaser SS, Dunbar JP, Watson KH, Bettis AH, Gruhn MA, Williams EK. Coping and Emotion Regulation from Childhood to Early Adulthood: Points of Convergence and Divergence. Aust J Psychol 2020; 66:71-81. [PMID: 24895462 DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Processes of coping with stress and the regulation of emotion reflect basic aspects of development and play an important role in models of risk for psychopathology and the development of preventive interventions and psychological treatments. However, research on these two constructs has been represented in two separate and disconnected bodies of work. We examine possible points of convergence and divergence between these constructs with regard to definitions and conceptualization, research methods and measurement, and interventions to prevent and treat psychopathology. There is clear evidence that coping and emotion regulation are distinct but closely related constructs in all of these areas. The field will benefit from greater integration of methods and findings in future research.
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Gruhn MA, Compas BE. Effects of maltreatment on coping and emotion regulation in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 103:104446. [PMID: 32200195 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment is consistently linked to adverse mental and physical health problems, making the identification of risk and resilience processes crucial for prevention efforts. The ways that individuals cope and regulate emotions in response to stress may buffer against pre-existing risk, while deficits in these processes have the potential to amplify risk. Thus, a candidate mechanism to explain the association between early-life abuse and neglect and later maladjustment is the way in which previously-maltreated youth respond to stress throughout development. OBJECTIVE The current review provides a quantitative analysis of the impact of early-life maltreatment on coping and emotion regulation processes during childhood and adolescence (5-18 years). METHODS Thirty-five studies (N = 11,344) met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Effect sizes were calculated between maltreatment and broad domains (e.g., "emotion dysregulation"), intermediate factors (e.g., "problem-focused coping"), and specific strategies (e.g., "emotional suppression") of coping and emotion regulation. RESULTS Maltreatment was significantly related to decreased emotion regulation (r = -.24, p < .001) and increased emotion dysregulation (r = .28, p < .001) at the domain level. No significant findings emerged at the factor level. At the strategy level, maltreatment was significantly related to increased avoidance (r = .25, p < .001), emotional suppression (r = .24, p < .001), and emotional expression (r = .25, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that maltreatment is broadly associated with poor emotion regulation as well as increased avoidance, emotional suppression, and expression of negative emotions in response to stress. Implications of these findings are discussed and an agenda for future research is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Gruhn
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, United States.
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, United States.
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Vreeland A, Ebert JS, Kuhn TM, Gracey KA, Shaffer AM, Watson KH, Gruhn MA, Henry L, Dickey L, Siciliano RE, Anderson A, Compas BE. Predictors of placement disruptions in foster care. Child Abuse Negl 2020; 99:104283. [PMID: 31765852 PMCID: PMC7984659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children who are removed from a dangerous or neglectful home and placed in state custody subsequently experience additional disruptions while in custody, which can compound the effects of ongoing stress and instability. As such, placement stability has been identified as a critical objective and a key indicator of success for children residing in substitutive care. OBJECTIVE To examine the utility of child protective services data in identifying predictors of placement disruption. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The current study examined data from youth in Tennessee state custody who had been assessed using the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) assessment within 30-days of their first, out-of-home placement. The sample included 8,853 youth ages 5-19 years old (M = 13.1; SD = 4.0; 44.8 % female). METHODS Demographics, placement information, and the CANS assessment were collected by the Tennessee Department of Children's Services for all child welfare episodes for children as part of the system's usual standard of care. Bivariate correlation and linear regression models were conducted. RESULTS Multiple risk indices from the CANS appeared to significantly increase risk of placement disruption, including child internalizing and externalizing symptoms, school difficulties, youth affect dysregulation, and child age. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that data collected as part of standard practice by child welfare workers such as the CANS is both feasible and has utility for identifying sources of risk for placement disruptions and to inform possible targets of intervention to enhance placement stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Vreeland
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States.
| | - John S Ebert
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Tarah M Kuhn
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Kathy A Gracey
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - April M Shaffer
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Kelly H Watson
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Meredith A Gruhn
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Lauren Henry
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Lindsay Dickey
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Rachel E Siciliano
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Allegra Anderson
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology & Human Development, Peabody 552, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
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Desjardins L, Thigpen JC, Kobritz M, Bettis AH, Gruhn MA, Ichinose M, Hoskinson K, Fraley C, Vreeland A, McNally C, Compas BE. Parent reports of children's working memory, coping, and emotional/behavioral adjustment in pediatric brain tumor patients: A pilot study. Child Neuropsychol 2017; 24:959-974. [PMID: 28969482 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2017.1365828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurocognitive problems in childhood survivors of brain tumors are well documented. Further, research has shown that problems in cognitive functioning may be associated with impairment in the use of complex strategies needed to cope with stress, including secondary control coping strategies (e.g., acceptance and cognitive reappraisal) which have been associated with fewer adjustment problems. The present study measured cognitive function, coping strategies, and adjustment in children ages 6-16 years at the time of brain tumor diagnosis and at two follow-up time-points up to 1 year post-diagnosis. In a prospective design, working memory was assessed in a total of 29 pediatric brain tumor patients prior to undergoing surgery, child self-reported coping was assessed at 6 months post-diagnosis, and parent-reported child adjustment was assessed at 12 months post-diagnosis. Significant correlations were found between working memory difficulties and secondary control coping. Secondary control coping was also negatively correlated with child attention and total problems. Regression analyses did not support secondary control coping mediating the association between working memory difficulties and child attention or total problems. These findings represent the first longitudinal assessment of the association between working memory, coping, and adjustment across the first year of a child's brain tumor diagnosis and suggest a possible role for early interventions addressing both working memory difficulties and coping in children with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Desjardins
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Jennifer C Thigpen
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Molly Kobritz
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Alexandra H Bettis
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Meredith A Gruhn
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Megan Ichinose
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Kristen Hoskinson
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Claire Fraley
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Allison Vreeland
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Colleen McNally
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Bruce E Compas
- a Department of Psychology & Human Development , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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12
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Compas BE, Jaser SS, Bettis AH, Watson KH, Gruhn MA, Dunbar JP, Williams E, Thigpen JC. Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis and narrative review. Psychol Bull 2017; 143:939-991. [PMID: 28616996 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this meta-analytic and narrative review, we examine several overarching issues related to the study of coping, emotion regulation, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence, including the conceptualization and measurement of these constructs. We report a quantitative meta-analysis of 212 studies (N = 80,850 participants) that measured the associations between coping and emotion regulation with symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Within the meta-analysis we address the association of broad domains of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., total coping, emotion regulation), intermediate factors of coping and emotion regulation (e.g., primary control coping, secondary control coping), and specific coping and emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotional expression, cognitive reappraisal) with internalizing and externalizing symptoms. For cross-sectional studies, which made up the majority of studies included, we examine 3 potential moderators: age, measure quality, and single versus multiple informants. Finally, we separately consider findings from longitudinal studies as these provide stronger tests of the effects. After accounting for publication bias, findings indicate that the broad domain of emotion regulation and adaptive coping and the factors of primary control coping and secondary control coping are related to lower levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Further, the domain of maladaptive coping, the factor of disengagement coping, and the strategies of emotional suppression, avoidance, and denial are related to higher levels of symptoms of psychopathology. Finally, we offer a critique of the current state of the field and outline an agenda for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | | | - Kelly H Watson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Meredith A Gruhn
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Jennifer P Dunbar
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Ellen Williams
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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Gruhn MA, Dunbar JP, Watson KH, Reising MM, McKee L, Forehand R, Cole DA, Compas BE. Testing specificity among parents' depressive symptoms, parenting, and child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. J Fam Psychol 2016; 30:309-319. [PMID: 26882467 PMCID: PMC4920647 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the specificity in relations between observed withdrawn and intrusive parenting behaviors and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms in an at-risk sample of children (ages 9 to 15 years old) of parents with a history of depression (N = 180). Given past findings that parental depression and parenting behaviors may differentially impact boys and girls, gender was examined as a moderator of the relations between these factors and child adjustment. Correlation and linear regression analyses showed that parental depressive symptoms were significantly related to withdrawn parenting for parents of boys and girls and to intrusive parenting for parents of boys only. When controlling for intrusive parenting, preliminary analyses demonstrated that parental depressive symptoms were significantly related to withdrawn parenting for parents of boys, and this association approached significance for parents of girls. Specificity analyses yielded that, when controlling for the other type of problem (i.e., internalizing or externalizing), withdrawn parenting specifically predicted externalizing problems but not internalizing problems in girls. No evidence of specificity was found for boys in this sample, suggesting that impaired parenting behaviors are diffusely related to both internalizing and externalizing symptoms for boys. Overall, results highlight the importance of accounting for child gender and suggest that targeting improvement in parenting behaviors and the reduction of depressive symptoms in interventions with parents with a history of depression may have potential to reduce internalizing and externalizing problems in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Gruhn
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Jennifer P Dunbar
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Kelly H Watson
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | | | | | - Rex Forehand
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont
| | - David A Cole
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Bruce E Compas
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
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Gruhn MA, Lord JH, Jaser SS. Collaborative and Overinvolved Parenting Differentially Predict Outcomes in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Health Psychol 2016; 35:2016-13811-001. [PMID: 26998735 PMCID: PMC5031507 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined the impact of collaborative and intrusive parenting on depression and glycemic control in children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Research examining the association between parenting and child adjustment in this population has been limited by a reliance primarily on questionnaire data and cross-sectional analyses. To address these gaps, the current study used an observational coding system to measure the effects of parenting on child adjustment over a 1-year period. METHOD Youth (10 to 16 years old) with T1D and their mothers (N = 81) were recruited from an outpatient pediatrics diabetes clinic. Mothers' symptoms of anxiety and depression and children's depressive symptoms were assessed by self- reports; parenting behaviors were assessed via video-recorded observations coded using the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales; and adolescents' glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was obtained from medical records. RESULTS Bivariate correlations and linear regression analyses revealed that higher levels of observed collaborative parenting were related to significantly lower HbA1c 12 months later, and higher levels of observed overinvolved parenting were related to significantly greater child depressive symptoms 12 months later. Further, age and treatment type moderated the relation between overinvolved parenting and child depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Collaborative and overinvolved parenting appears important for adolescents in predicting both psychological and health-related outcomes over time. Parenting behaviors may serve as an important target for future interventions to enhance adjustment in these children. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Lord JH, Young MT, Gruhn MA, Grey M, Delamater AM, Jaser SS. Effect of race and marital status on mothers' observed parenting and adolescent adjustment in youth with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2014; 40:132-43. [PMID: 25248850 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsu078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine demographic differences in parenting behaviors and adjustment in youth with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Adolescents' psychosocial adjustment was assessed via self-reports and parent reports, and clinical data were obtained from adolescents' medical records. Mother-adolescent dyads (N = 93) engaged in a videotaped discussion task, which was coded for observed parenting behaviors. RESULTS Single and non-White mothers exhibited significantly more overinvolved and less collaborative parenting behaviors. Higher levels of overinvolved parenting and lower levels of collaborative parenting were associated with poorer adolescent adjustment (i.e., higher levels of externalizing problems). Observed parenting was not significantly associated with glycemic control. There was an indirect effect of marital status and race/ethnicity on externalizing behaviors through parenting. CONCLUSIONS The current study highlights parenting as a potential target for interventions, especially in single and minority mothers, to improve adjustment in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadienne H Lord
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami
| | - Mackenzie T Young
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami
| | - Meredith A Gruhn
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami
| | - Margaret Grey
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami
| | - Sarah S Jaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, School of Nursing, Yale University, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami
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Abstract
Sustained parental involvement in diabetes management has been generally advised to counteract the deteriorating adherence and glycemic control often seen during adolescence, yet until recently, little attention has been given to the optimal amount, type, and quality of parental involvement to promote the best health outcomes for adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This review synthesizes research regarding the involvement of caregivers-primarily mothers and fathers-of youth with T1D, with a focus on biopsychosocial outcomes. The recent literature on parental involvement in diabetes management highlights a shift in focus from not only amount but also the types (e.g., monitoring, problem-solving) and quality (e.g., warm, critical) of involvement in both mothers and fathers. We provide recommendations for ways that both parents can remain involved to facilitate greater collaboration in shared direct and indirect responsibility for diabetes care and improve outcomes in youth with T1D.
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