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Poursani EM, Mercatelli D, Raninga P, Bell JL, Saletta F, Kohane FV, Neumann DP, Zheng Y, Rouaen JRC, Jue TR, Michniewicz FT, Schadel P, Kasiou E, Tsoli M, Cirillo G, Waters S, Shai-Hee T, Cazzoli R, Brettle M, Slapetova I, Kasherman M, Whan R, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Vahdat L, Ziegler D, Lock JG, Giorgi FM, Khanna K, Vittorio O. Copper chelation suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibition of canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways in cancer. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:132. [PMID: 37480151 PMCID: PMC10362738 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic cancer cells exploit Epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) to enhance their migration, invasion, and resistance to treatments. Recent studies highlight that elevated levels of copper are implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Clinical trials using copper chelators are associated with improved patient survival; however, the molecular mechanisms by which copper depletion inhibits tumor progression and metastasis are poorly understood. This remains a major hurdle to the clinical translation of copper chelators. Here, we propose that copper chelation inhibits metastasis by reducing TGF-β levels and EMT signaling. Given that many drugs targeting TGF-β have failed in clinical trials, partly because of severe side effects arising in patients, we hypothesized that copper chelation therapy might be a less toxic alternative to target the TGF-β/EMT axis. RESULTS Our cytokine array and RNA-seq data suggested a link between copper homeostasis, TGF-β and EMT process. To validate this hypothesis, we performed single-cell imaging, protein assays, and in vivo studies. Here, we used the copper chelating agent TEPA to block copper trafficking. Our in vivo study showed a reduction of TGF-β levels and metastasis to the lung in the TNBC mouse model. Mechanistically, TEPA significantly downregulated canonical (TGF-β/SMAD2&3) and non-canonical (TGF-β/PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK, and TGF-β/WNT/β-catenin) TGF-β signaling pathways. Additionally, EMT markers of MMP-9, MMP-14, Vimentin, β-catenin, ZEB1, and p-SMAD2 were downregulated, and EMT transcription factors of SNAI1, ZEB1, and p-SMAD2 accumulated in the cytoplasm after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that copper chelation therapy represents a potentially effective therapeutic approach for targeting TGF-β and inhibiting EMT in a diverse range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh M Poursani
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele Mercatelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Prahlad Raninga
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federica Saletta
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Felix V Kohane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel P Neumann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ye Zheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jourdin R C Rouaen
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filip T Michniewicz
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Piper Schadel
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Kasiou
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Shafagh Waters
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tyler Shai-Hee
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Riccardo Cazzoli
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iveta Slapetova
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kasherman
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Renee Whan
- Katharina Gauss Light Microscopy Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - David Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - John G Lock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - KumKum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Montgomery K, Williams TJ, Brettle M, Berengut JF, Zhang E, Zaugg J, Hugenholtz P, Ferrari BC. Persistence and resistance: survival mechanisms of Candidatus Dormibacterota from nutrient-poor Antarctic soils. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4491. [PMID: 36123758 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Montgomery K, Williams TJ, Brettle M, Berengut JF, Zhang E, Zaugg J, Hugenholtz P, Ferrari BC. Persistence and resistance: survival mechanisms of Candidatus Dormibacterota from nutrient-poor Antarctic soils. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4276-4294. [PMID: 34029441 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Candidatus Dormibacterota is an uncultured bacterial phylum found predominantly in soil that is present in high abundances within cold desert soils. Here, we interrogate nine metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including six new MAGs derived from soil metagenomes obtained from two eastern Antarctic sites. Phylogenomic and taxonomic analyses revealed these MAGs represent four genera and five species, representing two order-level clades within Ca. Dormibacterota. Metabolic reconstructions of these MAGs revealed the potential for aerobic metabolism, and versatile adaptations enabling persistence in the 'extreme' Antarctic environment. Primary amongst these adaptations were abilities to scavenge atmospheric H2 and CO as energy sources, as well as using the energy derived from H2 oxidation to fix atmospheric CO2 via the Calvin-Bassham-Benson cycle, using a RuBisCO type IE. We propose that these allow Ca. Dormibacterota to persist using H2 oxidation and grow using atmospheric chemosynthesis in terrestrial Antarctica. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed Ca. Dormibacterota to be coccoid cells, 0.3-1.4 μm in diameter, with some cells exhibiting the potential for a symbiotic or syntrophic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Montgomery
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Timothy J Williams
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathan F Berengut
- EMBL Australia Node for Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Eden Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Julian Zaugg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Belinda C Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
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4
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Tran C, Heng B, Teo JD, Humphrey SJ, Qi Y, Couttas TA, Stefen H, Brettle M, Fath T, Guillemin GJ, Don AS. Sphingosine 1-phosphate but not Fingolimod protects neurons against excitotoxic cell death by inducing neurotrophic gene expression in astrocytes. J Neurochem 2019; 153:173-188. [PMID: 31742704 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an essential lipid metabolite that signals through a family of five G protein-coupled receptors, S1PR1-S1PR5, to regulate cell physiology. The multiple sclerosis drug Fingolimod (FTY720) is a potent S1P receptor agonist that causes peripheral lymphopenia. Recent research has demonstrated direct neuroprotective properties of FTY720 in several neurodegenerative paradigms; however, neuroprotective properties of the native ligand S1P have not been established. We aimed to establish the significance of neurotrophic factor up-regulation by S1P for neuroprotection, comparing S1P with FTY720. S1P induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF) gene expression in primary human and murine astrocytes, but not in neurons, and to a much greater extent than FTY720. Accordingly, S1P but not FTY720 protected cultured neurons against excitotoxic cell death in a primary murine neuron-glia coculture model, and a neutralizing antibody to LIF blocked this S1P-mediated neuroprotection. Antagonists of S1PR1 and S1PR2 both inhibited S1P-mediated neurotrophic gene induction in human astrocytes, indicating that simultaneous activation of both receptors is required. S1PR2 signaling was transduced through Gα13 and the small GTPase Rho, and was necessary for the up-regulation and activation of the transcription factors FOS and JUN, which regulate LIF, BDNF, and HBEGF transcription. In summary, we show that S1P protects hippocampal neurons against excitotoxic cell death through up-regulation of neurotrophic gene expression, particularly LIF, in astrocytes. This up-regulation requires both S1PR1 and S1PR2 signaling. FTY720 does not activate S1PR2, explaining its relative inefficacy compared to S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Tran
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- MND Research Centre, Neuroinflammation group, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Teo
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Timothy A Couttas
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- MND Research Centre, Neuroinflammation group, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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5
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Brettle M, Stefen H, Djordjevic A, Fok SYY, Chan JW, van Hummel A, van der Hoven J, Przybyla M, Volkerling A, Ke YD, Delerue F, Ittner LM, Fath T. Developmental Expression of Mutant PFN1 in Motor Neurons Impacts Neuronal Growth and Motor Performance of Young and Adult Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:231. [PMID: 31611772 PMCID: PMC6776973 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment and no cure. Mutations in profilin 1 were identified as a cause of familial ALS (fALS) in 2012. We investigated the functional impact of mutant profilin 1 expression in spinal cords during mouse development. We developed a novel mouse model with the expression of profilin 1 C71G under the control of the Hb9 promoter, targeting expression to α-motor neurons in the spinal cord during development. Embryos of transgenic mice showed evidence of a significant reduction of brachial nerve diameter and a loss of Mendelian inheritance. Despite the lack of transgene expression, adult mice presented with significant motor deficits. Transgenic mice had a significant reduction in the number of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Further analysis of these motor neurons in aged transgenic mice revealed reduced levels of TDP-43 and ChAT expression. Although profilin 1 C71G was only expressed during development, adult mice presented with some ALS-associated pathology and motor symptoms. This study highlights the effect of profilin 1 during neurodevelopment and the impact that this may have in later ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Brettle
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Djordjevic
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra Y Y Fok
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Biomedical Imaging Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Josephine W Chan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Annika van Hummel
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia van der Hoven
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Magdalena Przybyla
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexander Volkerling
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Yazi D Ke
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fabien Delerue
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,Dementia Research Centre and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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6
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Stefen H, Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi A, Brettle M, Fok S, Suchowerska AK, Tedla N, Barber T, Warkiani ME, Fath T. A Novel Microfluidic Device-Based Neurite Outgrowth Inhibition Assay Reveals the Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Activity of Tropomyosin Tpm3.1 in Hippocampal Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1557-1563. [PMID: 30218404 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Overcoming neurite inhibition is integral for restoring neuronal connectivity after CNS injury. Actin dynamics are critical for neurite growth cone formation and extension. The tropomyosin family of proteins is a regarded as master regulator of actin dynamics. This study investigates tropomyosin isoform 3.1 (Tpm3.1) as a potential candidate for overcoming an inhibitory substrate, as it is known to influence neurite branching and outgrowth. We designed a microfluidic device that enables neurons to be grown adjacent to an inhibitory substrate, Nogo-66. Results show that neurons, overexpressing hTpm3.1, have an increased propensity to overcome Nogo-66 inhibition. We propose Tpm3.1 as a potential target for promoting neurite growth in an inhibitory environment in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stefen
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuron Culture Core Facility (NCCF), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amin Hassanzadeh-Barforoushi
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research/The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sandra Fok
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Suchowerska
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- Inflammation Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracie Barber
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit, School of Medical Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuron Culture Core Facility (NCCF), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dementia Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2019, Australia.
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7
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Stefen H, Suchowerska AK, Chen BJ, Brettle M, Kuschelewski J, Gunning PW, Janitz M, Fath T. Tropomyosin isoforms have specific effects on the transcriptome of undifferentiated and differentiated B35 neuroblastoma cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:570-583. [PMID: 29632810 PMCID: PMC5881551 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosins, a family of actin‐associated proteins, bestow actin filaments with distinct biochemical and physical properties which are important for determining cell shape and regulating many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. Here, we used RNA‐seq to investigate the effect of four tropomyosin isoforms on gene expression in undifferentiated and differentiated rat B35 neuroblastoma cells. In undifferentiated cells, overexpression of tropomyosin isoforms Tpm1.12, Tpm2.1, Tpm3.1, and Tpm4.2 differentially regulates a vast number of genes, clustering into several gene ontology terms. In differentiated cells, tropomyosin overexpression exerts a much weaker influence on overall gene expression. Our findings are particularly compelling because they demonstrate that tropomyosin‐dependent changes are attenuated once the cells are induced to follow a defined path of differentiation. Database Sequence data for public availability are deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive under the accession number PRJEB24136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stefen
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit School of Medical Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Bei Jun Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit School of Medical Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Jennifer Kuschelewski
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit School of Medical Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Peter William Gunning
- Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit School of Medical Sciences UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegenerative and Repair Unit School of Medical Science UNSW Sydney NSW Australia
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8
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Patel S, Fok SYY, Stefen H, Tomanić T, Parić E, Herold R, Brettle M, Djordjevic A, Fath T. Functional characterisation of filamentous actin probe expression in neuronal cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187979. [PMID: 29145435 PMCID: PMC5690639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded filamentous actin probes, Lifeact, Utrophin and F-tractin, are used as tools to label the actin cytoskeleton. Recent evidence in several different cell types indicates that these probes can cause changes in filamentous actin dynamics, altering cell morphology and function. Although these probes are commonly used to visualise actin dynamics in neurons, their effects on axonal and dendritic morphology has not been systematically characterised. In this study, we quantitatively analysed the effect of Lifeact, Utrophin and F-tractin on neuronal morphogenesis in primary hippocampal neurons. Our data show that the expression of actin-tracking probes significantly impacts on axonal and dendrite growth these neurons. Lifeact-GFP expression, under the control of a pBABE promoter, caused a significant decrease in total axon length, while another Lifeact-GFP expression, under the control of a CAG promoter, decreased the length and complexity of dendritic trees. Utr261-EGFP resulted in increased dendritic branching but Utr230-EGFP only accumulated in cell soma, without labelling any neurites. Lifeact-7-mEGFP and F-tractin-EGFP in a pEGFP-C1 vector, under the control of a CMV promoter, caused only minor changes in neuronal morphology as detected by Sholl analysis. The results of this study demonstrate the effects that filamentous actin tracking probes can have on the axonal and dendritic compartments of neuronal cells and emphasise the care that must be taken when interpreting data from experiments using these probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrujna Patel
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sandra Y. Y. Fok
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Stefen
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuron Culture Core Facility (NCCF), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Tomanić
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Esmeralda Parić
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosanna Herold
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Djordjevic
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit (NRU), School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuron Culture Core Facility (NCCF), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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9
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Abstract
Regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is dependent on a plethora of actin-associated proteins in all eukaryotic cells. The family of tropomyosins plays a key role in controlling the function of several of these actin-associated proteins and their access to actin filaments. In order to understand the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in highly dynamic subcellular compartments of neurons such as growth cones of developing neurons and the synaptic compartment of mature neurons, it is pivotal to decipher the functional role of tropomyosins in the nervous system. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding and recent findings on the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by tropomyosins and potential implication that this has for the dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shrujna Patel
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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10
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An H, Brettle M, Lee T, Heng B, Lim CK, Guillemin GJ, Lord MS, Klotzsch E, Geczy CL, Bryant K, Fath T, Tedla N. Soluble LILRA3 promotes neurite outgrowth and synapses formation through high affinity interaction with Nogo 66. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1198-209. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory proteins, particularly Nogo 66, a highly conserved 66 amino acid loop of Nogo A, play key roles in limiting the intrinsic capacity of the central nervous system to regenerate after injury. Ligation of surface Nogo receptors (NgRs) and/or leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor B2 (LILRB2) and its mouse orthologue the paired-immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIRB) by Nogo 66 transduces inhibitory signals that potently inhibit neurite outgrowth. Here we show that soluble leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor A3 (LILRA3) is a high affinity receptor for Nogo 66, suggesting that LILRA3 might be a competitive antagonist to these cell surface inhibitory receptors. Consistent with this, LILRA3 significantly reversed Nogo 66-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth and promoted synapse formation in primary cortical neurons via regulation of the MEK/ERK pathway. LILRA3 represents a new antagonist to Nogo 66-mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth in the CNS, a function distinct from its immune-regulatory role in leukocytes. This report is also the first to demonstrate that a member of LILR family normally not expressed in rodents exerts functions on mouse neurons through the highly homologous Nogo 66 ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan An
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Terry Lee
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Chai K. Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Megan S. Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Enrico Klotzsch
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn L. Geczy
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine Bryant
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicodemus Tedla
- Inflammation and Infection Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Brettle M, Suchowerska AK, Chua SW, Ittner LM, Fath T. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutant profilin 1 increases dendritic arborisation and spine formation in primary hippocampal neurons. Neurosci Lett 2015; 609:223-8. [PMID: 26499959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron disease and familial ALS accounts for 10% of cases. The identification of familial ALS mutations in the actin-binding protein profilin 1 directly implicates actin dynamics and regulation in the pathogenesis of ALS. The mechanism by which these mutations cause ALS is unknown. In this study we show that expression of the ALS-associated actin-binding deficient mutant of PFN1 (PFN1(C71G)) results in increased dendritic arborisation and spine formation, and cytoplasmic inclusions in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra K Suchowerska
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sook W Chua
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lars M Ittner
- Dementia Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia.
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12
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Curthoys NM, Freittag H, Connor A, Desouza M, Brettle M, Poljak A, Hall A, Hardeman E, Schevzov G, Gunning PW, Fath T. Tropomyosins induce neuritogenesis and determine neurite branching patterns in B35 neuroblastoma cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 58:11-21. [PMID: 24211701 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The actin cytoskeleton is critically involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. RESULTS The actin cytoskeleton-associated protein tropomyosin induces neurite outgrowth in B35 neuroblastoma cells and regulates neurite branching in an isoform-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that tropomyosins are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton during neurite outgrowth. SIGNIFICANCE Revealing the molecular machinery that regulates the actin cytoskeleton during neurite outgrowth may provide new therapeutic strategies to promote neurite regeneration after nerve injury. SUMMARY The formation of a branched network of neurites between communicating neurons is required for all higher functions in the nervous system. The dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton is fundamental to morphological changes in cell shape and the establishment of these branched networks. The actin-associated proteins tropomyosins have previously been shown to impact on different aspects of neurite formation. Here we demonstrate that an increased expression of tropomyosins is sufficient to induce the formation of neurites in B35 neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, our data highlight the functional diversity of different tropomyosin isoforms during neuritogenesis. Tropomyosins differentially impact on the expression levels of the actin filament bundling protein fascin and increase the formation of filopodia along the length of neurites. Our data suggest that tropomyosins are central regulators of actin filament populations which drive distinct aspects of neuronal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Margarita Curthoys
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hannah Freittag
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Neuromuscular and Regenerative Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrea Connor
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Melissa Desouza
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Merryn Brettle
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anne Poljak
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Bioanalytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amelia Hall
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Edna Hardeman
- Neuromuscular and Regenerative Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Galina Schevzov
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter William Gunning
- Oncology Research Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas Fath
- Neurodegeneration and Repair Unit, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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