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Parker MF, Mooradian GC, Karins JP, OʼConnor DM, Speer BA, Owensby PD, Velasco A. Hyperspectral diagnostic imaging of the cervix: report on a new investigational device. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2015; 4:119-24. [PMID: 25951034 DOI: 10.1046/j.1526-0976.2000.43001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe our experience with a noncontact in vivo fluorescence imaging device for the detection and localization of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-two women with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, and 4 women with normal Pap smears, were recruited to undergo fluorescence imaging of the cervix during colposcopy. After topically applying dilute acetic acid, the surface of the cervix was scanned with 365 nm ultraviolet light for about 12 sec. Colposcopy and biopsies of visualized lesions were then performed. The fluorescence emission curves generated by normal cervical tissue and various states of cervical pathology were inspected and assigned relative scores of 1-5 based on the height and slope of the curves at peak fluorescence emissions. A score of 1 indicated a curve with high magnitude and distinct peak, and a score of 5 described a curve of low magnitude and rounded/flattened peak. Scores of 2-4 represented curves with incremental changes of about 25% in the height of the curve between scores of 1 and 5. Biopsies were classified as high grade (HG, CIN 2/3), low grade (LG, HPV/CIN 1), or nondysplastic (ND). Among women with abnormal Pap smears, only those who had biopsies with concordant interpretations by two independent pathologists were included in the descriptive analysis. All of the patients with normal Pap smears were included. RESULTS A total of 35 women were included in the analysis. Of 62 women with abnormal Pap smears who underwent fluorescence imaging and colposcopy, 31 met the inclusion criteria. Among these 31 women, Pap smears consisted of 6 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 16 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSILs), and 9 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSILs). Of the 4 women with normal Pap smears, 1 had an abnormal colposcopy and a nondysplastic biopsy. Among all 35 women, 42 total biopsies were included, consisting of 11 HG, 25 LG, and 6 ND. Normal squamous tissue generated a score of 1, normal metaplastic tissue a score of 2 or 3, and normal columnar tissue of score of 5 in 35/35 (100%) women. Among the 11 HG lesions, 8 had a score of 4 and 2 had a score of 5. One case was uninterpretable due to a low signal-to-noise ratio. Among the 25 LG lesions, 15 had a score of 3, 6 had a score of 4 or 5, 2 had a score of 1, and 2 cases were uninterpretable. CONCLUSIONS HG lesions generated spectra distinct from normal tissue in 8/10 (80%) evaluable cases, but LG lesions generated spectra indistinguishable from that of normal metaplastic tissue. Further modifications to this technique are needed before an objective, reproducible, and discriminatory scoring system can be developed. ▪.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Parker
- *Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI; †Science & Engineering Associates, Inc., San Diego, CA; ‡formerly with Science & Technology International, Honolulu, HI, and San Diego, CA; §Innovative Technical Solutions, Honolulu, HI, and San Diego, CA; and ∥Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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Gillman KW, Parker MF, Silva M, Degnan AP, Tora GO, Lodge NJ, Li YW, Lelas S, Taber M, Krause RG, Bertekap RL, Newton AE, Pieschl RL, Lengyel KD, Johnson KA, Taylor SJ, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. Design, optimization, and in vivo evaluation of a series of pyridine derivatives with dual NK1 antagonism and SERT inhibition for the treatment of depression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:407-11. [PMID: 23253443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted pyridines, ether linked to a phenylpiperidine core were optimized for dual NK(1)/SERT affinity. Optimization based on NK(1)/SERT binding affinities, and minimization of off-target ion channel activity lead to the discovery of compound 44. In vivo evaluation of 44 in the gerbil forced swim test (a depression model), and ex-vivo NK(1)/SERT receptor occupancy data support the potential of a dual acting compound for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W Gillman
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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3
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Parker MF, Barten DM, Bergstrom CP, Bronson JJ, Corsa JA, Dee MF, Gai Y, Guss VL, Higgins MA, Keavy DJ, Loo A, Mate RA, Marcin LR, McElhone KE, Polson CT, Roberts SB, Macor JE. 2-(N-Benzyl-N-phenylsulfonamido)alkyl amide derivatives as γ-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6828-31. [PMID: 23046960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of (N-benzyl-N-phenylsulfonamido)alkyl amides were developed from classic and parallel synthesis strategies. Compounds with good in vitro and in vivo γ-secretase activity were identified and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Parker
- Molecular Sciences and Candidate Optimization and Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb R&D, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, United States.
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Deskus JA, Dischino DD, Mattson RJ, Ditta JL, Parker MF, Denhart DJ, Zuev D, Huang H, Hartz RA, Ahuja VT, Wong H, Mattson GK, Molski TF, Grace JE, Zueva L, Nielsen JM, Dulac H, Li YW, Guaraldi M, Azure M, Onthank D, Hayes M, Wexler E, McDonald J, Lodge NJ, Bronson JJ, Macor JE. [18F](R)-5-chloro-1-(1-cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)-3-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)-2,5-dimethyl phenylamino)pyrazin-2(1H)-one: introduction of N3-phenylpyrazinones as potential CRF-R1 PET imaging agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6651-5. [PMID: 23010264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on a favorable balance between CRF-R1 affinity, lipophilicity and metabolic stability, compound 10 was evaluated for potential development as PET radioligand. Compound [(18)F]10 was prepared with high radiochemical purity and showed promising binding properties in rat brain imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Deskus
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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Marcin LR, Higgins MA, Zusi FC, Zhang Y, Dee MF, Parker MF, Muckelbauer JK, Camac DM, Morin PE, Ramamurthy V, Tebben AJ, Lentz KA, Grace JE, Marcinkeviciene JA, Kopcho LM, Burton CR, Barten DM, Toyn JH, Meredith JE, Albright CF, Bronson JJ, Macor JE, Thompson LA. Synthesis and SAR of indole-and 7-azaindole-1,3-dicarboxamide hydroxyethylamine inhibitors of BACE-1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:537-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gillman KW, Starrett JE, Parker MF, Xie K, Bronson JJ, Marcin LR, McElhone KE, Bergstrom CP, Mate RA, Williams R, Meredith JE, Burton CR, Barten DM, Toyn JH, Roberts SB, Lentz KA, Houston JG, Zaczek R, Albright CF, Decicco CP, Macor JE, Olson RE. Discovery and Evaluation of BMS-708163, a Potent, Selective and Orally Bioavailable γ-Secretase Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:120-4. [PMID: 24900185 DOI: 10.1021/ml1000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the course of our research efforts to develop a potent and selective γ-secretase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated a series of carboxamide-substituted sulfonamides. Optimization based on potency, Notch/amyloid-β precursor protein selectivity, and brain efficacy after oral dosing led to the discovery of 4 (BMS-708163). Compound 4 is a potent inhibitor of γ-secretase (Aβ40 IC50 = 0.30 nM), demonstrating a 193-fold selectivity against Notch. Oral administration of 4 significantly reduced Aβ40 levels for sustained periods in brain, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid in rats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W. Gillman
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - John E. Starrett
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Michael F. Parker
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Kai Xie
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Joanne J. Bronson
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Lawrence R. Marcin
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Kate E. McElhone
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Carl P. Bergstrom
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Robert A. Mate
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Richard Williams
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Albany Molecular Research Incorporated, 26 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York 15098
| | - Jere E. Meredith
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Catherine R. Burton
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Donna M. Barten
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Jeremy H. Toyn
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Susan B. Roberts
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Kimberley A. Lentz
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - John G. Houston
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Robert Zaczek
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Charles F. Albright
- Neuroscience Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Carl P. Decicco
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - John E. Macor
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
| | - Richard E. Olson
- Neuroscience Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492
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Bergstrom CP, Sloan CP, Wang HH, Parker MF, Smith DW, Zheng M, Hansel SB, Polson CT, Barber LE, Bursuker I, Guss VL, Corsa JA, Barten DM, Felsenstein KM, Roberts SB. Nitrogen-appended N-alkylsulfonamides as inhibitors of gamma-secretase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:175-8. [PMID: 18023581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and gamma-secretase inhibition data for a series of nitrogen-appended N-alkylsulfonamides (11-47) are described. Inhibition of brain Abeta in transgenic mice was demonstrated by two of these compounds (23 and 44).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl P Bergstrom
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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Parker MF, Bronson JJ, Barten DM, Corsa JA, Du W, Felsenstein KM, Guss VL, Izzarelli D, Loo A, McElhone KE, Marcin LR, Padmanabha R, Pak R, Polson CT, Toyn JH, Varma S, Wang J, Wong V, Zheng M, Roberts SB. Amino-caprolactam derivatives as gamma-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:5790-5. [PMID: 17869509 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of amino-caprolactam sulfonamides were developed from a screening hit. Compounds with good in vitro and in vivo gamma-secretase activity are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Parker
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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Parker MF, Barten DM, Bergstrom CP, Bronson JJ, Corsa JA, Deshpande MS, Felsenstein KM, Guss VL, Hansel SB, Johnson G, Keavy DJ, Lau WY, Mock J, Prasad CVC, Polson CT, Sloan CP, Smith DW, Wallace OB, Wang HH, Williams A, Zheng M. N-(5-Chloro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-alkyl-arylsulfonamides as γ-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4432-6. [PMID: 17606371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-alkylbenzenesulfonamides were developed from a high throughput screening hit. Classic and parallel synthesis strategies were employed to produce compounds with good in vitro and in vivo gamma-secretase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Parker
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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10
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of nonadherence and impediments to care in a military colposcopy and loop excision electrocautery procedure (LEEP) clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS The nonadherence rate for colposcopy and LEEP appointments was determined for a 6-month period at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Nonadherence was defined as failure to keep an appointment or cancellation within 24 hours of the scheduled time. A nurse coordinator telephoned all nonadherent women. Women who agreed to participate were administered a structured survey to elicit their reasons for default from their appointments. RESULT Sixty-one (15%) of 405 women were nonadherent. Of the 61 nonadherent women, 55 (90%) agreed to participate, 4 (7%) were unable to be contacted, and 2 (3%) declined participation. The average age of participants was 30 years. Beneficiary status of the 55 women was as follows: dependent, 27 (49%); active duty, 25 (45%); retired, 2 (4%); and veteran, 1 (2%). The most common reasons for default overall for 55 women were onset of menses (15 [27%]), unplanned family or personal event (9 [16%]), forgetting (8 [15%]), and work conflict (7 [13%]). Leading reasons for 25 active duty women included work conflict (7 [28%]) and menses (6 [24%]). Leading reasons for 27 dependent women included menses (9 [33%]), unplanned family or personal event (6 [22%]), and forgetting (5 [19%]). CONCLUSIONS Despite unrestricted access to care in the military clinic, the default rate was similar to rates reported for civilian clinics. Previsit interventions likely to improve compliance include sending informational packets to patients, better attention to scheduling around the time of expected menses, and initiating an appointment reminder system. To decrease the high percentage of nonadherence attributable to work conflicts for active duty women, supervisors need to be better informed about both medical and deployment implications of an unevaluated abnormal Pap smear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Yauger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5001, USA.
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Epperson JR, Bruce MA, Catt JD, Deskus JA, Hodges DB, Karageorge GN, Keavy DJ, Mahle CD, Mattson RJ, Ortiz AA, Parker MF, Takaki KS, Watson BT. Chronobiotic activity of N-[2-(2,7-dimethoxyfluoren-9-yl)ethyl]-propanamide. Synthesis and melatonergic pharmacology of fluoren-9-ylethyl amides. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4601-11. [PMID: 15358287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of fluoren-9-yl ethyl amides (2) were synthesized and evaluated for human melatonin MT(1) and MT(2) receptor binding. N-[2-(2,7-dimethoxyfluoren-9-yl)ethyl]propanamide (2b) was selected and evaluated in functional assays measuring intrinsic activity at the human MT(1) and MT(2) receptors and demonstrated full agonism at both receptors. The chronobiotic properties of 2b were demonstrated in both acute and chronic rat models where 2b produced an acute phase advance of 32 min at 1mg/kg and chronically entrained free-running rats with a mean effective dose of 0.23 mg/kg. Compound 2b is significantly less efficacious than melatonin in constricting human coronary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Epperson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Pkwy, Wallingford, CT 06492-7660, USA.
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Prasad C, Wallace OB, Noonan JW, Sloan CP, Lau W, Vig S, Parker MF, Smith DW, Hansel SB, Polson CT, Barten DM, Felsenstein KM, Roberts SB. Corrigendum to “Hydroxytriamides as potent γ-secretase inhibitors”. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prasad CVC, Wallace OB, Noonan JW, Sloan CP, Lau W, Vig S, Parker MF, Smith DW, Hansel SB, Polson CT, Barten DM, Felsenstein KM, Roberts SB. Hydroxytriamides as potent γ-secretase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1917-21. [PMID: 15050627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2003] [Revised: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Using a cell-based assay, we have identified optimal residues and key recognition elements necessary for inhibition of gamma-secretase. An (S)-hydroxy group or 3,5-difluorophenylacetyl group at the amino terminus and N-methyltertiary amide moiety at the carboxy terminus provided potent gamma-secretase inhibitors with an IC(50) <10 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V C Prasad
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA.
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Krivak TC, McBroom JW, Sundborg MJ, Crothers B, Parker MF. Large cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 82:187-91. [PMID: 11426984 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma is a rare malignancy. These tumors appear to mimic the aggressive behavior of small cell neuroendocrine tumors. Metastasis and recurrent disease are common. Due to the low incidence of these tumors, optimal therapy has not been delineated. CASES Two patients presented with large cell neuroendocrine cervical carcinoma, stage IB1 and IIA, at our institution from 1997 to 1999. We describe the clinical course for these two patients and review the relevant literature for the management of large cell cervical carcinoma. CONCLUSION Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, early-stage large cell neuroendocrine tumors of the cervix are aggressive. Disease recurrences are frequent and distant metastasis is common. Multimodal therapy should be considered at the time of initial diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Krivak
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 6900 Georgia Avenue, Washington, DC, 20307, USA.
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Parker MF. Letters to the editor. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2001; 5:122-3. [PMID: 17043604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M F Parker
- Department of Obsterics-Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Farley JH, Hines JF, Taylor RR, Carlson JW, Parker MF, Kost ER, Rogers SJ, Harrison TA, Macri CI, Parham GP. Equal care ensures equal survival for African-American women with cervical carcinoma. Cancer 2001; 91:869-73. [PMID: 11241257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND [corrected] It was the purpose of this study to investigate whether race is an independent prognostic factor in the survival of patients with cervical carcinoma in a health care system with minimal racial bias, and few barriers to access to care. METHODS Records for patients with a diagnosis of invasive cervical carcinoma from 1988 to 1999 were obtained from the Automated Central Tumor Registry for the United States Military Health Care System. Clinical data including race, age at diagnosis, histology, grade, stage, socioeconomic status, treatment modality, and survival also were obtained. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS One thousand five hundred fifty-three patients were obtained for review. Sixty-five percent of patients were Caucasian, and 35% were minorities. Of the minorities, 29% were African Americans (AAs). Mean age of diagnosis was similar among AAs and Caucasians, 44 and 42 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the distribution of age, stage, grade, or histology between Caucasians and AAs. Forty-six percent of patients were treated with surgery and 56% with radiation therapy, with no difference in type of treatment between the Caucasian and AA groups. Five- and 10-year survival rates for Caucasians and AAs were 75%, and 76%, and 64% 65% (P = 0.59), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In an equal access, unbiased, nonracial environment, race is not an independent predictor of survival for patients with cervical carcinoma. This study has shown, for the first time to the authors' knowledge, that when they receive equal treatment for cervical carcinoma, AA women's survival can approach that of their nonminority counterparts (75% at 10 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Farley
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tripler Army Medical Center Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, 1 Jarrett White Road TAMC, HI 96859-5000, USA.
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary appendiceal malignancy metastatic to the ovaries is a rare condition that may mimic late stage ovarian cancer. This condition is rarely diagnosed preoperatively. CASES Three patients referred to our institution from 1994 to 1999 for presumed late stage ovarian cancer were found to have primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoid, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma metastatic to the ovaries at laparotomy. We describe the clinical course of these patients and review the relevant literature. CONCLUSION It is important for the gynecologic oncologist to be aware of the clinicopathological features and surgical management of these malignancies, as the incidence, prognosis, and recommended treatment vary with histological subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W McBroom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5001, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine if adnexal cyst fluid glucose, protein, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels can discriminate between cancerous and noncancerous adnexal masses. METHODS Intracystic fluid was aspirated from adnexal masses immediately after operative excision. Patient age and menopausal status, mass size, and cyst fluid specific gravity were recorded. Cyst fluid and intraoperative serum glucose, protein, and LDH levels were measured. Masses were grouped by histopathologic diagnosis. Cyst fluid chemical levels and cyst fluid/serum ratios were compared among and between the groups. RESULTS Fifty-eight adnexal masses were analyzed: 15 nonneoplastic (group 1), 23 benign neoplastic (group 2), and 20 malignant (group 3). There were no significant differences among the groups with regard to patient age, menopausal status, or cyst fluid specific gravity. Cyst size (cm2) was significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.01), with the largest mean size found in the cancer group. No significant differences in cyst chemistries or cyst fluid/serum ratios were found between groups 1 and 2. Comparing groups 1 and 3, all values were significantly different (P < 0.05), with the greatest level of significance attained by comparison of cyst fluid LDH levels (P < 0.001). Groups 2 and 3 statistically differed in cyst fluid levels and cyst fluid/serum ratios of both protein and LDH, with the highest levels of significance achieved by comparisons of cyst fluid levels and ratios of LDH (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The cyst fluid LDH level was found to be the best single chemistry for distinguishing noncancerous (groups 1 and 2) from cancerous (group 3) adnexal masses. A cyst fluid LDH level of >/=451 U/L imparted a 90% sensitivity and 71% specificity for detecting malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of adnexal cyst fluid LDH may help to distinguish benign from malignant adnexal masses. More cases are needed to adequately assess the predictive value and clinical utility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Parker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Hawaii, 96859, USA
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Keenan RM, Callahan JF, Samanen JM, Bondinell WE, Calvo RR, Chen L, DeBrosse C, Eggleston DS, Haltiwanger RC, Hwang SM, Jakas DR, Ku TW, Miller WH, Newlander KA, Nichols A, Parker MF, Southhall LS, Uzinskas I, Vasko-Moser JA, Venslavsky JW, Wong AS, Huffman WF. Conformational preferences in a benzodiazepine series of potent nonpeptide fibrinogen receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1999; 42:545-59. [PMID: 10052962 DOI: 10.1021/jm980166z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the direct design of highly potent nonpeptide 3-oxo-1,4-benzodiazepine fibrinogen receptor antagonists from a constrained, RGD-containing cyclic semipeptide. The critical features incorporated into the design of these nonpeptides were the exocyclic amide at the 8-position which overlaid the Arg carbonyl, the phenyl ring which maintained an extended Gly conformation, and the diazepine ring which mimicked the gamma-turn at Asp. In this paper, we investigate conformational preferences of the 8-substituted benzodiazepine analogues by examining structural modifications to both the exocyclic amide and the seven-membered diazepine ring and by studying the conformation of the benzodiazepine ring using molecular modeling, X-ray crystallography, and NMR. We found that the directionality of the amide at the 8-position had little effect on activity and the (E)-olefin analogue retained significant potency, indicating that the trans orientation of the amide, and not the carbonyl or NH groups, made the largest contribution to the observed activity. For the diazepine ring, with the exception of the closely analogous 3-oxo-2-benzazepine ring system described previously, all of the modifications led to a significant reduction in activity compared to the potent 3-oxo-1, 4-benzodiazepine parent ring system, implicating this particular type of ring system as a desirable structural feature for high potency. Energy minimizations of a number of the modified analogues revealed that none could adopt the same low-energy conformation as the one shared by the active (S)-isomer of the 3-oxo-1, 4-benzodiazepines and 3-oxo-2-benzazepines. The overall data suggest that the features contributing to the observed high potency in this series are the orientation of the 3-4 amide and the conformational constraint imposed by the seven-membered ring, both of which position the key acidic and basic groups in the proper spatial relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Keenan
- Research and Development Division, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, P.O. Box 5089, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA
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21
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Abstract
In an attempt to characterize the molecular alterations of cervical adenocarcinoma, we analyzed 32 paraffin-embedded specimens for the presence of K-ras mutations, p53 overexpression, p16 and Rb protein expression, and the presence of HPV 16 and 18 DNA. Overall 25/32 (78%) of the tumors displayed an abnormality in at least one of these analyses. K-ras mutations were detected by PCR amplification and RFLP analysis in 3 tumors, including 2 at codon 12 and 1 at codon 61. p53 overexpression determined by immunohistochemistry was demonstrated with > 80% of tumor nuclei staining in 4 cases, 10-15% of nuclei staining in 3 cases, and < 1% of nuclei staining in 5 cases. The pattern of staining was diffuse in 6 cases, focal in 1 case, and scattered in 5 cases. Analysis of p16 protein expression in 23 specimens revealed 1 tumor with abnormal staining, while Rb protein expression was determined to be normal in all 25 tumors tested. HPV DNA, detected by PCR with type-specific primers, was found in 16 tumors (50%), including 7 (22%) with HPV 16 and 9 (28%) with HPV 18. There was no correlation among these abnormalities except that the presence of HPV and strong p53 overexpression (> 80% tumor nuclei staining) were mutually exclusive events. Clinical correlation demonstrated that p53 overexpression involving the majority of tumor cell nuclei is characteristic of advanced stage disease, while HPV positivity and activated ras genes are associated with early stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Parker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology/Gynecologic Oncology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA
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Miller WH, Ali FE, Bondinell WE, Callahan JF, Calvo RR, Eggleston DS, Curtis Haltiwanger R, Huffman WF, Hwang SM, Jakas DR, Keenan RM, Koster PF, Ku TW, Kwon C, Newlander KA, Nichols AJ, Parker MF, Samanen JM, Southall LS, Takata DT, Uzinskas IN, Valocik RE, Vasko-Moser JA, Wong AS, Yellin TO, Yuan CC. Structure-activity relationships in 3-oxo-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-acetic acid GPIIb/IIIa antagonists. The 2-benzazepine series. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gherman RB, Parker MF, Macri CI. Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary associated with antecedent tamoxifen use. Obstet Gynecol 1994; 84:717-9. [PMID: 9205462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased attention has been focused recently on the estrogenic effects of tamoxifen. Review of the literature reveals an association between tamoxifen use and gynecologic tumors. CASE A 52-year-old postmenopausal woman was treated with tamoxifen for stage II estrogen receptor-positive breast carcinoma. Her aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels increase markedly after 6 months of tamoxifen use. After an additional 17 months of elevated serum transaminases, the patient was found to have a stage Ic granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. CONCLUSION Patients with tamoxifen-induced liver dysfunction may be at increased risk for granulosa cell tumors because of alterations in tamoxifen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Gherman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bethesda Naval Hospital, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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