1
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Yu HA, Baik C, Kim DW, Johnson ML, Hayashi H, Nishio M, Yang JCH, Su WC, Gold KA, Koczywas M, Smit EF, Steuer CE, Felip E, Murakami H, Kim SW, Su X, Sato S, Fan PD, Fujimura M, Tanaka Y, Patel P, Sternberg DW, Sellami D, Jänne PA. Translational insights and overall survival in the U31402-A-U102 study of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:437-447. [PMID: 38369013 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is broadly expressed in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is the target of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a HER3 antibody attached to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. U31402-A-U102 is an ongoing phase I study of HER3-DXd in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC that progressed after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC) who received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks had a confirmed objective response rate (cORR) of 39%. We present median overall survival (OS) with extended follow-up in a larger population of patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC and an exploratory analysis in those with acquired genomic alterations potentially associated with resistance to HER3-DXd. PATIENTS AND METHODS Safety was assessed in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC previously treated with EGFR TKI who received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg; efficacy was assessed in those who also had prior PBC. RESULTS In the safety population (N = 102), median treatment duration was 5.5 (range 0.7-27.5) months. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 76.5% of patients; the overall safety profile was consistent with previous reports. In 78/102 patients who had prior third-generation EGFR TKI and PBC, cORR by blinded independent central review (as per RECIST v1.1) was 41.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 30.0% to 52.7%], median progression-free survival was 6.4 (95% CI 4.4-10.8) months, and median OS was 16.2 (95% CI 11.2-21.9) months. Patients had diverse mechanisms of EGFR TKI resistance at baseline. At tumor progression, acquired mutations in ERBB3 and TOP1 that might confer resistance to HER3-DXd were identified. CONCLUSIONS In patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC after EGFR TKI and PBC, HER3-DXd treatment was associated with a clinically meaningful OS. The tumor biomarker characterization comprised the first description of potential mechanisms of resistance to HER3-DXd therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Female
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Middle Aged
- Male
- Aged
- Mutation
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects
- Aged, 80 and over
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/therapeutic use
- Camptothecin/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
- Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use
- Immunoconjugates/adverse effects
- Immunoconjugates/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Yu
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York.
| | - C Baik
- University of Washington/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, USA
| | - D-W Kim
- Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M L Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute at Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, USA
| | | | - M Nishio
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J C-H Yang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City
| | - W-C Su
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - K A Gold
- Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, San Diego
| | | | - E F Smit
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C E Steuer
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - E Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - S-W Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - X Su
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - S Sato
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - P-D Fan
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | | | - Y Tanaka
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - P Patel
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | | | - D Sellami
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, USA
| | - P A Jänne
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
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2
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Lobo RR, Siregar MU, da Silva SS, Monteiro AR, Salas-Solis G, Vicente ACS, Vinyard JR, Johnson ML, Ma S, Sarmikasoglou E, Coronella CJ, Hiibel SR, Faciola AP. Partial replacement of soybean meal with microalgae biomass on in vitro ruminal fermentation may reduce ruminal protein degradation. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1460-1471. [PMID: 37944802 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with algal sources on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Using 6 fermenters in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin square with 3 periods of 10 d each, we tested 3 treatments: a control diet (CRT) with SBM at 17.8% of the diet dry matter (DM); and 50% SBM biomass replacement with either Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CHL); or Spirulina platensis (SPI). The basal diet was formulated to meet the requirements of a 680-kg Holstein dairy cow producing 45 kg/d of milk with 3.5% fat and 3% protein. All diets had a similar nutritional composition (16.0% CP; 34.9% NDF; 31.0% starch, DM basis) and fermenters were provided with 106 g DM/d split into 2 portions. After 7 d of adaptation, samples were collected for 3 d of each period for analyses of ruminal fermentation at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after morning feeding for evaluation of the ruminal fermentation kinetics. For the evaluation of the daily production of total metabolites and for the evaluation of nutrient degradability, samples from the effluent containers were collected daily. Statistical analysis was performed with the MIXED procedure of SAS with treatment, time, and their interactions considered as fixed effects; day, square, and fermenter were considered as random effects. Orthogonal contrasts (CRT vs. algae; and CHL vs. SPI) were used to depict the treatment effect, and significance was declared when P ≤ 0.05. Fermenters that received algae-based diets had a greater propionate molar concentration and molar proportion when compared with the fermenters fed CRT diets. In addition, those algae-fed fermenters had lower branched short-chain fatty acids (BSCFA) and isoacids (IA), which are biomarkers of ruminal protein degradation, along with lower ammonia (NH3-N) concentration and greater nonammonia nitrogen (NAN). When contrasting with fermenters fed SPI-diets, fermenters fed based CHL-diets had a lower molar concentration of BSCFA and IA, along with lower NH3-N concentration and flow, and greater NAN, bacterial nitrogen flow, and efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Those results indicate that CHL protein may be more resistant to ruminal degradation, which would increase efficiency of nitrogen utilization. In summary, partially replacing SBM with algae biomass, especially with CHL, is a promising strategy to improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization, due to the fact that fermenters fed CHL-based diets resulted in a reduction in BSCFA and IA, which are markers of protein degradation, and it would improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization. However, further validation using in vivo models are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - M U Siregar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - S S da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - A R Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608; Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, 13400-970
| | - G Salas-Solis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - A C S Vicente
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - J R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - S Ma
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - C J Coronella
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557
| | - S R Hiibel
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608.
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3
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Oberhofer G, Johnson ML, Ivy T, Antoshechkin I, Hay BA. Cleave and Rescue gamete killers create conditions for gene drive in plants. bioRxiv 2024:2023.10.13.562303. [PMID: 37873352 PMCID: PMC10592828 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Gene drive elements promote the spread of linked traits, even when their presence confers a fitness cost to carriers, and can be used to change the composition or fate of wild populations. Cleave and Rescue (ClvR) drive elements sit at a fixed chromosomal position and include a DNA sequence-modifying enzyme such as Cas9/gRNAs (the Cleaver/Toxin) that disrupts endogenous versions of an essential gene, and a recoded version of the essential gene resistant to cleavage (the Rescue/Antidote). ClvR spreads by creating conditions in which those lacking ClvR die because they lack functional versions of the essential gene. We demonstrate the essential features of ClvR gene drive in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana through killing of gametes that fail to inherit a ClvR that targets the essential gene YKT61, whose expression is required in male and female gametes for their survival. Resistant (uncleavable but functional) alleles, which can slow or prevent drive, were not observed. Modeling shows plant ClvRs are likely to be robust to certain failure modes and can be used to rapidly drive population modification or suppression. Possible applications in plant breeding, weed control, and conservation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Oberhofer
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Michelle L. Johnson
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Tobin Ivy
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Igor Antoshechkin
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Bruce A. Hay
- California Institute of Technology. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering. 1200 East California Boulevard, MC156-29, Pasadena, CA 91125
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4
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Hood K, Johnson ML, Dy E, Schwehm J, Jeffries J. with Rare Kidney Disease. Nephrol Nurs J 2024; 51:47-60. [PMID: 38456727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 35 million people in the United States, many of whom are undiagnosed. Included in this number are individuals with many types of rare kidney diseases, affecting 20,000 to 200,000 individuals nationwide. There is a major need to educate these individuals on the disease and its progression, especially since many individuals are not aware they have the disease. Descriptive correlational research was conducted in a nationwide sample of adult individuals living with rare glomerular kidney disease. Patient activation and quality of life were the concepts studied across the five CKD stages. New findings included statistically significant differences between participants' self-reported mental health quality of life and CKD Stage 1, with CKD Stages 4 and 5 in the rare kidney disease population. Nurses are essential for educating and supporting patients with rare kidney disease to preserve kidney function and slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Hood
- Thought Leader Liaison, Travere Therapeutics, San Antonio, TX
- member of ANNA's Alamo City Chapter
| | - Michelle L Johnson
- Nurse Educator, Dialysis Center of Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
- member and the secretary of ANNA's Platte River Chapter
| | - Erin Dy
- Assistant Professor of Nursing, Chamberlain University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeff Schwehm
- Associate Professor of Biomedical Sciences, Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jay Jeffries
- Doctoral Student of Educational Psychology with a specialization in Quantitative, Qualitative and Psychometric Methods, Graduate Research Assistant for the Nebraska Evaluation and Research Center
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5
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Borghaei H, de Marinis F, Dumoulin D, Reynolds C, Theelen WSME, Percent I, Gutierrez Calderon V, Johnson ML, Madroszyk-Flandin A, Garon EB, He K, Planchard D, Reck M, Popat S, Herbst RS, Leal TA, Shazer RL, Yan X, Harrigan R, Peters S. SAPPHIRE: phase III study of sitravatinib plus nivolumab versus docetaxel in advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2024; 35:66-76. [PMID: 37866811 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy revolutionized treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, most patients progress due to primary or acquired resistance. Sitravatinib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can shift the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment toward an immunostimulatory state. Combining sitravatinib with nivolumab (sitra + nivo) may potentially overcome initial CPI resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the phase III SAPPHIRE study, patients with advanced non-oncogenic driven, nonsquamous NSCLC who initially benefited from (≥4 months on CPI without progression) and subsequently experienced disease progression on or after CPI combined with or following platinum-based chemotherapy were randomized 1 : 1 to sitra (100 mg once daily administered orally) + nivo (240 mg every 2 weeks or 480 mg every 4 weeks administered intravenously) or docetaxel (75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks administered intravenously). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), duration of response (DOR; all assessed by blinded independent central review), and safety. RESULTS A total of 577 patients included randomized: sitra + nivo, n = 284; docetaxel, n = 293 (median follow-up, 17.1 months). Sitra + nivo did not significantly improve OS versus docetaxel [median, 12.2 versus 10.6 months; hazard ratio (HR) 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-1.05; P = 0.144]. The median PFS was 4.4 versus 5.4 months, respectively (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.89-1.32; P = 0.452). The ORR was 15.6% for sitra + nivo and 17.2% for docetaxel (P = 0.597); CBR was 75.5% and 64.5%, respectively (P = 0.004); median DOR was 7.4 versus 7.1 months, respectively (P = 0.924). Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 53.0% versus 66.7% of patients receiving sitra + nivo versus docetaxel, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although median OS was numerically longer with sitra + nivo, the primary endpoint was not met in patients with previously treated advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. The safety profiles demonstrated were consistent with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Borghaei
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - F de Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - D Dumoulin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Reynolds
- Ocala Cancer Center, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute - North Region (SCRI), Ocala, USA
| | - W S M E Theelen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Percent
- North Port Cancer Center, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute - South Region (SCRI), Port Charlotte, USA
| | - V Gutierrez Calderon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, USA
| | | | - E B Garon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - K He
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - D Planchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - M Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, LungenClinic, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - S Popat
- Lung Unit, Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R S Herbst
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale University, New Haven
| | - T A Leal
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta
| | - R L Shazer
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | - X Yan
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | - R Harrigan
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, USA
| | - S Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Betz ME, Meza K, Friedman K, Moceri-Brooks J, Johnson ML, Simonetti J, Baker JC, Bryan CJ, Anestis MD. 'Whether it's your weapon or not, it's your home': US military spouse perspectives on personal firearm storage. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002591. [PMID: 38135459 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the USA, an estimated 45% of veterans personally own firearms. Firearm access increases the risk of suicide, so suicide prevention efforts in the US Department of Defense (DoD) focus on lethal means safety, including reducing firearm access. Spouse input may enhance effective messaging and intervention delivery of lethal means safety. This study used qualitative methods to explore the perspectives of military spouses or partners on personal firearm storage, including at-home decisions, on-base storage and existing messaging from the DoD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative data were obtained using 1:1 interviews and focus groups with spouses/partners of US military service members (active duty, Reserve, National Guard, recently separated from the military) and representatives from military support organisations. Sessions focused on personal firearm storage (at home or on military installations) and military messaging around secure firearm storage and firearm suicide prevention. Data were analysed using a team-based, mixed deductive-inductive approach. RESULTS Across 56 participants (August 2022-March 2023), the themes were variability in current home firearm storage and spousal participation in decision-making; uncertainty about firearm storage protocols on military installations; mixed awareness of secure firearm storage messaging from the military; and uncertainty about procedures or protocols for removing firearm access for an at-risk person. CONCLUSION US military spouses are important messengers for firearm safety and suicide prevention, but they are currently underutilised. Tailored prevention campaigns should consider spousal dynamics and incorporate education about installation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Betz
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - K Meza
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - K Friedman
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J Moceri-Brooks
- New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J Simonetti
- Firearm Injury Prevention Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center for Suicide Prevention, Veterans Health Administration, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - J C Baker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - C J Bryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention, VA Finger Lakes Health Care System, Canandaigua, New York, USA
| | - M D Anestis
- New Jersey Gun Violence Research Center, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Sarmikasoglou E, Johnson ML, Vinyard JR, Sumadong P, Lobo RR, Arce-Cordero JA, Bahman A, Ravelo A, Halima S, Salas-Solis GK, Hikita C, Watanabe T, Faciola AP. Effects of cashew nutshell extract and monensin on microbial fermentation in a dual-flow continuous culture. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8746-8757. [PMID: 37678783 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) to monensin and evaluate changes in in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and microbial nitrogen outflow. Treatments were randomly assigned to 8 fermenters in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 experimental periods of 10 d (7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for sample collection). Basal diets contained 43.5:56.5 forage: concentrate ratio and each fermenter was fed 106 g of DM/d divided equally between 2 feeding times. Treatments were control (CON, basal diet without additives), 2.5 μM monensin (MON), 0.1 mg CNSE granule/g DM (CNSE100), and 0.2 mg CNSE granule/g DM (CNSE200). On d 8 to10, samples were collected for pH, lactate, NH3-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), mixed protozoa counts, organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. Data were analyzed with the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of (1) ADD (CON vs. MON, CNSE100, and CNSE200); (2) MCN (MON vs. CNSE100 and CNSE200); and (3) DOSE (CNSE100 vs. CNSE200). We observed that butyrate concentration in all treatments was lower compared with CON and the concentration for MON was lower compared with CNSE treatments. Protozoal population in all treatments was lower compared with CON. No effects were observed for pH, lactate, NH3-N, total VFA, OM, or N utilization. Within the 24-h pool, protozoal generation time, tended to be lower, while NDF digestibility tended to be greater in response to all additives. Furthermore, the microbial N flow, and the efficiency of N use tended to be lower for the monensin treatment compared with CNSE treatments. Overall, our results showed that both monensin and CNSE decreased butyrate synthesis and protozoal populations, while not affecting OM digestibility and tended to increase NDF digestibility; however, such effects are greater with monensin than CNSE nutshell.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - P Sumadong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - J A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - A Bahman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - A Ravelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - S Halima
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - G K Salas-Solis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - C Hikita
- SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo, Japan 101-0022
| | | | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.
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8
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Steer KE, Johnson ML, Edmonds CE, Adjerid K, Bond LE, German RZ, Mayerl CJ. The Impact of Varying Nipple Properties on Infant Feeding Physiology and Performance Throughout Ontogeny in a Validated Animal Model. Dysphagia 2023:10.1007/s00455-023-10630-w. [PMID: 37947879 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Infant feeding requires successful interactions between infant physiology and the maternal (or bottle) nipple. Within artificial nipples, there is variation in both nipple stiffness and flow rates, as well as variation in infant physiology as they grow and mature. However, we have little understanding into how infants interact with variable nipple properties to generate suction and successfully feed. We designed nipples with two different stiffnesses and hole sizes and measured infant feeding performance through ontogeny using a pig model. We evaluated their response to nipple properties using high-speed X-Ray videofluoroscopy. Nipple properties substantially impacted sucking physiology and performance. Hole size had the most profound impact on the number of sucks infants took per swallow. Pressure generation generally increased with age, especially in nipples where milk acquisition was more difficult. However, most strikingly, in nipples with lower flow rates the relationship between suction generation and milk acquisition was disrupted. In order to design effective interventions for infants with feeding difficulties, we must consider how variation in nipple properties impacts infant physiology in a targeted manner. While reducing flow rate may reduce the frequency an infant aspirates, it may impair systems involved in sensorimotor integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Steer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - C E Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, USA
| | - K Adjerid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - L E Bond
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - R Z German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - C J Mayerl
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 St Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA.
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9
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Johnson ML, Steer KE, Edmonds CE, Adjerid K, German RZ, Mayerl CJ. Nipple properties affect sensorimotor integration during bottle feeding in an infant pig model. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2023; 339:767-776. [PMID: 37438924 PMCID: PMC10528713 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Infant feeding is a critical neurological milestone in development defined by the coordination of muscles, peripheral nerves, and brainstem nuclei. In infants, milk flow rate is often limited to improve feeding performance without treating the underlying deficiencies in the sucking and swallowing processes. Modification of the neuromotor response via sensory information from the nipple during bottle feeding is an unexplored avenue for physiology-based interventions. In this study, we assessed how differences in nipple hole size and nipple stiffness affect sucking muscle activation and subsequent movement. We fabricated four bottle nipples of varying hole size and stiffness to determine how variation in nipple properties affects the sucking behavior of infant pigs. Our results demonstrate that sensory information from the nipple affects sucking motor output. Nipple hole sizes and stiffnesses with a larger milk flow rate resulted in greater muscle activity and kinematic movement. Additionally, our results suggest that sensorimotor interventions are better directed toward modulating tongue function rather than the mandible movements due to a greater response to sensory information. Understanding how sensory information influences infant feeding is instrumental in promoting effective infant feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- ML Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - KE Steer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
| | - CE Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - K Adjerid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - RZ German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - CJ Mayerl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ
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10
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Steer KE, Johnson ML, Adjerid K, Bond LE, Howe SP, Khalif A, Nkachukwu KC, Edmonds CE, German RZ, Mayerl CJ. The Function of the Mammal Extrinsic Tongue Musculature in the Transition from Suckling to Drinking. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:641-652. [PMID: 37160353 PMCID: PMC10503468 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from suckling to drinking is a developmental pathway that all mammals take. In both behaviors, the tongue is the primary structure involved in acquiring, transporting, and swallowing the liquid. However, the two processes are fundamentally different: during suckling, the tongue must function as a pump to generate suction to move milk, whereas during drinking, the tongue moves backwards and forwards through the mouth to acquire and move water. Despite these fundamental differences, we have little understanding of how tongues role varies between these behaviors. We used an infant pig model to investigate the relationships between anatomy, physiology, and function of the tongue to examine how lingual function is modulated in the transition from infancy to adulthood. We found that while some muscles were proportionally largest at birth, others were proportionally larger at the time of weaning. Furthermore, we found variation in tongue movements between suckling and drinking along both the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes, resulting in differences in tongue deformation between the two behaviors. The extrinsic tongue muscles also changed in function differently between drinking and suckling. Genioglossus increased its activity and turned on and off earlier in the cycle during drinking, whereas hyoglossus fired at lower amplitudes during drinking, and turned on and off later in the cycle. Together, the data highlight the significant need for high neuroplasticity in the control of the tongue at a young age in mammals and suggest that the ability to do so is key in the ontogeny and evolution of feeding in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Steer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - K Adjerid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Lousiana, 70118, USA
| | - L E Bond
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - S P Howe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - A Khalif
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - K C Nkachukwu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - C E Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - R Z German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown OH 44272, USA
| | - C J Mayerl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Lara-Castillo N, Masunaga J, Brotto L, Vallejo JA, Javid K, Wacker MJ, Brotto M, Bonewald LF, Johnson ML. Muscle secreted factors enhance activation of the PI3K/Akt and β-catenin pathways in murine osteocytes. Bone 2023; 174:116833. [PMID: 37385426 PMCID: PMC10926931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and bone interact at the level of mechanical loading through the application of force by muscles to the skeleton and more recently focus has been placed on molecular/biochemical coupling of these two tissues. We sought to determine if muscle and muscle-derived factors were essential to the osteocyte response to loading. Botox® induced muscle paralysis was used to investigate the role of muscle contraction during in vivo tibia compression loading. 5-6 month-old female TOPGAL mice had their right hindlimb muscles surrounding the tibia injected with either BOTOX® or saline. At four days post injections when muscle paralysis peaked, the right tibia was subjected to a single session of in vivo compression loading at ∼2600 με. At 24 h post-load we observed a 2.5-fold increase in β-catenin signaling in osteocytes in the tibias of the saline injected mice, whereas loading of tibias from Botox® injected mice failed to active β-catenin signaling in osteocytes. This suggests that active muscle contraction produces a factor(s) that is necessary for or conditions the osteocyte's ability to respond to load. To further investigate the role of muscle derived factors, MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells and a luciferase based β-catenin reporter (TOPflash-MLO-Y4) cell line we developed were treated with conditioned media (CM) from C2C12 myoblasts (MB) and myotubes (MT) and ex vivo contracted Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) and Soleus (Sol) muscles under static or loading conditions using fluid flow shear stress (FFSS). 10 % C2C12 myotube CM, but not myoblast or NIH3T3 fibroblast cells CM, induced a rapid activation of the Akt signaling pathway, peaking at 15 min and returning to baseline by 1-2 h under static conditions. FFSS applied to MLO-Y4 cells for 2 h in the presence of 10 % MT-CM resulted in a 6-8 fold increase in pAkt compared to a 3-4 fold increase under control or when exposed to 10 % MB-CM. A similar response was observed in the presence of 10 % EDL-CM, but not in the presence of 10 % Sol-CM. TOPflash-MLO-Y4 cells were treated with 10 ng/ml Wnt3a in the presence or absence of MT-CM. While MT-CM resulted in a 2-fold activation and Wnt3a produced a 10-fold activation, the combination of MT-CM + Wnt3a resulted in a 25-fold activation of β-catenin signaling, implying a synergistic effect of factors in MT-CM with Wnt3a. These data provide clear evidence that specific muscles and myotubes produce factors that alter important signaling pathways involved in the response of osteocytes to mechanical load. These data strongly suggest that beyond mechanical loading there is a molecular coupling of muscle and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America.
| | - J Masunaga
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - L Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, 411 S. Nedderman Dr, Arlington, TX 76019, United States of America
| | - J A Vallejo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Sciences, UMKC School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - K Javid
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - M J Wacker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UMKC School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - M Brotto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UMKC School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
| | - L F Bonewald
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America
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12
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Cho BC, Penkov K, Bondarenko I, Kurochkin A, Pikiel J, Ahn HK, Korożan ME, Osipov M, Odintsova S, Braiteh F, Ribas A, Grilley-Olson JE, Lugowska I, Bonato V, Damore MA, Yang W, Jacobs IA, Bowers M, Li M, Johnson ML. A phase Ib/II dose expansion study of subcutaneous sasanlimab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and urothelial carcinoma. ESMO Open 2023; 8:101589. [PMID: 37385154 PMCID: PMC10485400 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sasanlimab is an antibody to the programmed cell death protein 1 receptor. We report updated data of subcutaneous sasanlimab in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and urothelial carcinoma dose expansion cohorts from a first-in-human phase Ib/II study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were ≥18 years of age with NSCLC or urothelial carcinoma, and no prior immunotherapies, who progressed on or were intolerant to systemic therapy, or for whom systemic therapy was refused or unavailable. Patients received subcutaneous sasanlimab at 300 mg every 4 weeks (q4w). Primary objectives were to evaluate safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy by objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Sixty-eight and 38 patients with NSCLC and urothelial carcinoma, respectively, received subcutaneous sasanlimab. Overall, sasanlimab was well tolerated; 13.2% of patients experienced grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events. Confirmed ORR was 16.4% and 18.4% in the NSCLC and urothelial carcinoma cohorts, respectively. ORR was generally higher in patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (≥25%) and high tumor mutational burden (TMB; >75%). In the NSCLC and urothelial carcinoma cohorts, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 and 2.9 months, respectively; corresponding median overall survival (OS) was 14.7 and 10.9 months. Overall, longer median PFS and OS correlated with high PD-L1 expression and high TMB. Longer median PFS and OS were also associated with T-cell inflamed gene signature in the urothelial carcinoma cohort. CONCLUSIONS Subcutaneous sasanlimab at 300 mg q4w was well tolerated with promising clinical efficacy observed. Phase II and III clinical trials of sasanlimab are ongoing to validate clinical benefit. Subcutaneous sasanlimab may be a potential treatment option for patients with NSCLC or urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - K Penkov
- Private Healthcare Institution Clinical Hospital "RZhD-Medicine", St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - I Bondarenko
- Department of Oncology and Medical Oncology, Dnipropetrovsk City Multiple-Discipline Clinical Hospital, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - A Kurochkin
- Municipal Non-profit Enterprise of Sumy Regional Council, Sumy Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - J Pikiel
- Poradnia Onkologiczna, Szpitale Pomorskie Sp. z o.o, Gdynia, Poland
| | - H K Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M E Korożan
- Oddzial Onkologii Klinicznej, Szpital Grudziądz, Grudziądz, Poland
| | - M Osipov
- Sbhi "Lrcod", Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region, Russian Federation
| | - S Odintsova
- Current Medical Technology, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - F Braiteh
- Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - A Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - I Lugowska
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - W Yang
- Pfizer Inc, San Diego, USA
| | | | | | - M Li
- Pfizer Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Tennessee Oncology PLLC, Nashville, USA.
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13
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Vinyard JR, Ravelo A, Sarmikasoglou E, Monteiro HF, Arce-Cordero JA, Johnson ML, Agustinho BC, Lobo RR, Yungmann MG, Winter AHR, Gilbertsen LM, Mills MN, Soltis M, Ghizzi LG, Gusmão JO, Ferraretto LF, Faciola AP. Effects of exogenous amylolytic or fibrolytic enzymes inclusion on in vitro fermentation of lactating dairy cow diets in a dual-flow continuous-culture system. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1002-1012. [PMID: 36543642 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of including exogenous amylolytic or fibrolytic enzymes in a diet for high-producing dairy cows on in vitro ruminal fermentation. Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermentors were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square. The treatments were control (CON), a xylanase and glucanase mixture (T1), an α-amylase mixture (T2), or a xylanase, glucanase, and α-amylase mixture (T3). Treatments were included at a rate of 0.008% of diet dry matter (DM) for T1 and T2 and at 0.02% for T3. All treatments replaced the equivalent amount of soybean meal in the diet compared with CON. All diets were balanced to have the same nutrient composition [30.2% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 16.1% crude protein (CP), and 30% starch; DM basis], and fermentors were fed 106 g/d divided into 2 feedings. At each feeding, T2 was pipetted into the respective fermentor and an equivalent amount of deionized water was added to each fermentor to eliminate potential variation. Experimental periods were 10 d (7 d for adaptation and 3 d for sample collection). Composite samples of daily effluent were collected and analyzed for volatile fatty acids (VFA), NH3-N, and lactate concentrations, degradability of DM, organic matter, NDF, CP, and starch, and flow and metabolism of N. Samples of fermentor contents were collected from each fermentor at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after feeding to determine kinetics of pH, NH3-N, lactate, and VFA concentrations over time. All data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.), and the repeated variable of time was included for kinetics measurements. Treatment did not affect mean pH, degradability, N flow and metabolism, or the concentrations of VFA, NH3-N, or lactate in the effluent samples. Treatment did not affect pH, acetate:propionate ratio, or the concentrations of lactate, NH3-N, total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, or caproate. However, the concentration of total VFA tended to change at each time point depending upon the treatment, and T2 tended to have a greater proportion of 2-methylbutyrate and isovalerate than CON, T1, or T3. As 2-methylbutyrate and isovalerate are branched-chain VFA that are synthesized from branched-chain amino acids, T2 may have an increased fermentation of branched-chain amino acids or decreased uptake by fibrolytic microorganisms. Although we did not observe changes in N metabolism due to the enzymes, there could be changes in microbial populations that utilize branched-chain VFA. Overall, the tested enzymes did not improve in vitro ruminal fermentation in the diet of high-producing dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - A Ravelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - H F Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - J A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Escuela de Zootecnia, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - B C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal, Veterinary, and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - M G Yungmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - A H R Winter
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - L M Gilbertsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - M N Mills
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - M Soltis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996
| | - L G Ghizzi
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
| | - J O Gusmão
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - L F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608.
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14
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Lobo RR, Arce-Cordero JA, So S, Soltis M, Nehme Marinho M, Agustinho BC, Ravelo AD, Vinyard JR, Johnson ML, Monteiro HF, Sarmikasoglou E, Faciola AP. Production, physiological response, and calcium and magnesium balance of lactating Holstein cows fed different sources of supplemental magnesium with or without ruminal buffer. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:990-1001. [PMID: 36526456 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary replacement of magnesium oxide (MgO) with calcium-magnesium hydroxide [CaMg(OH)2] and its interaction with ruminal buffer (sodium sesquicarbonate) supplementation on production, Ca and Mg balance, and overall physiological response of mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows. Sixty cows averaging 40.5 ± 7.0 kg of milk/d were used. Treatments were assigned following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: (1) MgO, (2) MgO + buffer, (3) CaMg(OH)2, or (4) CaMg(OH)2 + buffer. Diets were formulated to have 16.5% of crude protein, 1.82 Mcal/kg of net energy for lactation, 0.67% Ca, 0.39% P, and 0.25% Mg, all on a dry matter (DM) basis. Treatments were individually top dressed. Milk production, composition, and DM intake were evaluated. A subsample of 20 cows were randomly selected for the evaluation of Ca and Mg balance, blood gases, and electrolytes. Ruminal fluid was also collected for evaluation of pH and Ca and Mg solubility. Effects of Mg source, buffer, and the interaction Mg source × buffer were analyzed through orthogonal contrasts. An interaction of Mg source × buffer was found for DM intake and feed efficiency, in which cows fed CaMg(OH)2 had a similar feed efficiency regardless of ruminal buffer inclusion; however, when cows were fed MgO, the inclusion of buffer reduced feed efficiency. No effects on body weight and milk yield were observed. Buffer addition tended to increase the concentrations of fat, protein, and solids-not-fat, without affecting the yields of these milk components. Magnesium source and buffer did not affect ruminal fluid, blood, urine, or fecal pH; however, buffer supplementation increased urinary pH. Treatment with CaMg(OH)2 increased blood concentration of HCO3-, total CO2, and base excess compared with cows fed MgO. No differences were observed in the ruminal solubility of Ca and Mg or on milk or urinary Ca and Mg excretion. Greater plasma Mg concentration was observed for animals fed MgO compared with cows fed CaMg(OH)2; however, both sources were above the threshold recommended in the literature for dairy cows. Also, a reduction in fecal Mg excretion was observed in animals fed CaMg(OH)2. In summary, we provide evidence that CaMg(OH)2 could replace MgO without affecting performance, overall physiological response, or Ca and Mg balance of mid-lactating dairy Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Lobo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - J A Arce-Cordero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - S So
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, National University of Battambang, Battambang 02352, Cambodia
| | - M Soltis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37998
| | - M Nehme Marinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - B C Agustinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844
| | - A D Ravelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | - J R Vinyard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - H F Monteiro
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - E Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - A P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608.
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15
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Mayerl CJ, Adjerid KA, Edmonds CE, Gould FDH, Johnson ML, Steer KE, Bond LE, German RZ. Regional Variation in Contractile Patterns and Muscle Activity in Infant Pig Feeding. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac046. [PMID: 36531210 PMCID: PMC9756950 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
At the level of the whole muscle, contractile patterns during activity are a critical and necessary source of variation in function. Understanding if a muscle is actively lengthening, shorting, or remaining isometric has implications for how it is working to power a given behavior. When feeding, the muscles associated with the tongue, jaws, pharynx, and hyoid act together to transport food through the oral cavity and into the esophagus. These muscles have highly coordinated firing patterns, yet also exhibit high levels of regional heterogeneity in both their timing of activity and their contractile characteristics when active. These high levels of variation make investigations into function challenging, especially in systems where muscles power multiple behaviors. We used infant pigs as a model system to systematically evaluate variation in muscle firing patterns in two muscles (mylohyoid and genioglossus) during two activities (sucking and swallowing). We also evaluated the contractile characteristics of mylohyoid during activity in the anterior and posterior regions of the muscle. We found that the posterior regions of both muscles had different patterns of activity during sucking versus swallowing, whereas the anterior regions of the muscles did not. Furthermore, the anterior portion of mylohyoid exhibited concentric contractions when active during sucking, whereas the posterior portion was isometric during sucking and swallowing. This difference suggests that the anterior portion of mylohyoid in infant pigs is functioning in concert with the tongue and jaws to generate suction, whereas the posterior portion is likely acting as a hyoid stabilizer during sucking and swallowing. Our results demonstrate the need to evaluate both the contractile characteristics and activity patterns of a muscle in order to understand its function, especially in cases where there is potential for variation in either factor within a single muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Mayerl
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - K A Adjerid
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - C E Edmonds
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - F D H Gould
- Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - K E Steer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - L E Bond
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
| | - R Z German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA
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Qiao EM, Guram K, Kotha NV, Voora RS, Qian AS, Ahn GS, Kalavacherla S, Pindus R, Banegas MP, Stewart TF, Johnson ML, Murphy JD, Rose BS. Association Between Primary Care Use Prior to Cancer Diagnosis and Subsequent Cancer Mortality in the Veterans Affairs Health System. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2242048. [PMID: 36374497 PMCID: PMC9664263 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.42048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Primary care physicians (PCPs) are significant contributors of early cancer detection, yet few studies have investigated whether consistent primary care translates to improved downstream outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of prediagnostic primary care use with metastatic disease at diagnosis and cancer-specific mortality (CSM). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used databases with primary care and referral linkage from multiple Veterans' Affairs centers from 2004 to 2017 and had a 68-month median follow-up. Analysis was completed between July 2021 and September 2022. Participants included veterans older than 39 years who had been diagnosed with 1 of 12 cancers. Inclusion criteria included known clinical staging, survival follow-up, cause of death, and receiving care at the Veterans Affairs health system (VA). EXPOSURES Prediagnostic PCP use, measured in the 5 years prior to diagnosis. PCP visits were binned into none (0 visits), some (1-4 visits), and annual (5 visits). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Metastatic disease at diagnosis, cancer-specific mortality (CSM) for entire cohort and stratified by tumor subtype. RESULTS Among 245 425 patients representing 12 tumor subtypes, mean age was 65.8 (9.3) years, and the cohort skewed male (97.6%), and White (76.1%), with higher levels of comorbidity (58.6% with Charlson Comorbidity Index scores ≥2). Compared with no prior visit, some PCP use was associated with 26% decreased odds of metastatic disease at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71-0.76; P < .001) and 12% reduced risk of CSM (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.86-0.89; P < .001). Annual PCP use was associated with 39% decreased odds of metastatic disease (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.59-0.63; P < .001) and 21% reduced risk of CSM (SHR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.77-0.81; P < .001). Among tumor subtypes, prostate cancer had the largest effect size for prior PCP use on metastatic disease at diagnosis (OR for annual use, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.30-0.35; P < .001) and CSM (SHRfor annual use, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.48-0.55; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, increased primary care use before cancer diagnosis was associated with significant decreases in metastatic disease at diagnosis and cancer-related death, with potentially the greatest difference from annual use. PCPs play a vital role in cancer prevention, and additional resources should be allocated to assist these physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund M. Qiao
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Kripa Guram
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Nikhil V. Kotha
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Rohith S. Voora
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Alexander S. Qian
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Grace S. Ahn
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sandhya Kalavacherla
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Ramona Pindus
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Matthew P. Banegas
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Tyler F. Stewart
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Michelle L. Johnson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - James D. Murphy
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Brent S. Rose
- VA San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, California
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
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Johnson ML, Walsh SE. Food Assistance Programs and Reduced Hospitalizations for Older Adults with Diabetes. J Frailty Aging 2022; 12:67-70. [PMID: 36629087 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2022.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an increasingly common and costly condition for older adults. Each year, as many as 1 in 3 Medicare dollars is spent to treat and manage diabetes and associated comorbidities for people with diabetes. To control health care spending in the US, it is imperative that we identify factors for reducing hospitalizations for these individuals. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify predictors of hospitalization in the past 12 months for community-dwelling older adults with diabetes. Data from round five of the National Health and Aging Trends Study were analyzed to assess the impact of food assistance programs on the risk of hospitalization in the past 12 months for 1094 Medicare recipients ages 65 and older with diabetes. Previous research on the social determinants of health has demonstrated that social stressors like poverty and exposure to racism are associated with poorer health outcomes overall, but we did not find a statistically-significant association between race, gender, age or Medicare/ Medicaid dual-eligibility and hospitalization for our study population. Notably, receipt of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, Meals on Wheels services or other food assistance was associated with a 43% reduction in the risk of hospitalization in the past 12 months. Food assistance programs appear to be a promising strategy for reducing hospitalizations associated with diabetes and its comorbidities. Primary care providers, diabetes educators and other health professionals should be more proactive in their referrals to food assistance programs and other community supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Sarah E. Walsh, 340 Marshall, School of Health Sciences, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, Phone 734.487.2364 / Fax 734.487.4095,
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Piana MR, Hallett RA, Johnson ML, Sonti NF, Brandt LA, Aronson MFJ, Ashton M, Blaustein M, Bloniarz D, Bowers AA, Carr ME, D’Amico V, Dewald L, Dionne H, Doroski DA, Fahey RT, Forgione H, Forrest T, Hale J, Hansen E, Hayden L, Hines S, Hoch JM, Ieataka T, Lerman SB, Murphy C, Nagele E, Nislow K, Parker D, Pregitzer CC, Rhodes L, Schuler J, Sherman A, Trammell T, Wienke BM, Witmer T, Worthley T, Yesilonis I. Climate Adaptive Silviculture for the City: Practitioners and Researchers Co-create a Framework for Studying Urban Oak-Dominated Mixed Hardwood Forests. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.750495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban forested natural areas are an important component of the forest and tree canopy in northeastern United States urban areas. Although similar to native forests in surrounding regions in structure, composition, and function, these natural areas are threatened by multiple, co-occurring biological and climate stressors that are exacerbated by the urban environment. Furthermore, forests in cities often lack application of formal silvicultural approaches reliant upon evidence-based applied ecological sciences. These include both urban- and climate-adapted silvicultural techniques to increase the resilience and sustainability of native forests in cities. With this in mind, we convened a group of urban forest practitioners and researchers from along a latitudinal gradient in the northeastern United States to participate in a workshop focused on co-developing long-term, replicated ecological studies that will underlie the basis for potential silvicultural applications to urban forests. In this article we review the process and outcomes of the workshop, including an assessment of forest vulnerability, and adaptive capacity across the region, as well as shared management goals and objectives. We discuss the social and ecological challenges of managing urban oak-dominated mixed hardwood forests relative to non-urban forests and identify potential examples of urban- and climate-adapted silviculture strategies created by practitioners and researchers. In doing so, we highlight the challenges and need for basic and long-term applied ecological research relevant to silvicultural applications in cities.
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Schoenfeld AJ, Antonia SJ, Awad MM, Felip E, Gainor J, Gettinger SN, Hodi FS, Johnson ML, Leighl NB, Lovly CM, Mok T, Perol M, Reck M, Solomon B, Soria JC, Tan DSW, Peters S, Hellmann MD. Clinical definition of acquired resistance to immunotherapy in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1597-1607. [PMID: 34487855 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance (AR) to programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-(L)1] blockade is frequent in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), occurring in a majority of initial responders. Patients with AR may have unique properties of persistent antitumor immunity that could be re-harnessed by investigational immunotherapies. The absence of a consistent clinical definition of AR to PD-(L)1 blockade and lack of uniform criteria for ensuing enrollment in clinical trials remains a major barrier to progress; such clinical definitions have advanced biologic and therapeutic discovery. We examine the considerations and potential controversies in developing a patient-level definition of AR in NSCLC treated with PD-(L)1 blockade. Taking into account the specifics of NSCLC biology and corresponding treatment strategies, we propose a practical, clinical definition of AR to PD-(L)1 blockade for use in clinical reports and prospective clinical trials. Patients should meet the following criteria: received treatment that includes PD-(L)1 blockade; experienced objective response on PD-(L)1 blockade (inclusion of a subset of stable disease will require future investigation); have progressive disease occurring within 6 months of last anti-PD-(L)1 antibody treatment or rechallenge with anti-PD-(L)1 antibody in patients not exposed to anti-PD-(L)1 in 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Schoenfeld
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA; Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - S J Antonia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - M M Awad
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - E Felip
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gainor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - S N Gettinger
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - F S Hodi
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, USA
| | - N B Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - C M Lovly
- Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - T Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Department of Clinical Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M Perol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - M Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research, LungenClinic Grosshansdorf, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - B Solomon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J-C Soria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - D S W Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Peters
- Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M D Hellmann
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nursing students need to learn about sleep health to provide safe patient care. The purpose of this study was to investigate sleep in nursing students and describe factors that affect their sleep. METHOD This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design with a convenience sample from baccalaureate nursing programs in a midwestern region of the United States. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Sleep Hygiene Index. RESULTS Two hundred fifty-four nursing students reported poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and maladaptive sleep hygiene, regardless of their year of study or enrollment status. Behavior of technology use into the night was the most frequent reason why students lost sleep. CONCLUSION Learning the importance of sleep hygiene, good sleep quality, and the associated health benefits may assist nursing students with achieving optimal daytime functioning. Consideration should be given to sleep health content as a thread through nursing curriculum. [J Nurs Educ. 2021;60(4):196-202.].
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Abstract
Introduction: Immigrating to a new country poses many challenges, including managing daily health care in a new environment. Yazidis experiencing long-standing ethnoreligious persecution in Northern Iraq, fled their homeland seeking safety and refuge in the United States, where approximately 10,000 Yazidi immigrants reside. Method: The researchers collaborated with Yazidi community members to design the healthy lifestyle intervention and ensure cultural sensitivity. Six weekly classes addressed healthy lifestyle behaviors. Data were collected on health promoting activities, biomarkers, and participants' experiences with the intervention. Results: Participants reported doing slightly more health promoting activities postintervention. Age-related health promoting activities were significantly different at baseline, χ2(2) = 6.093, p = .048, but not postintervention, χ2(2) = 0.212, p = .899. Median loss in biomarkers trended toward clinically significant findings. Participants recommended more strategies to manage stress. Discussion: The pilot study provided an empowering example of nurses collaborating with community members to design a culturally sensitive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany Hunt
- Bryan College of Health Sciences, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Johnson LR, Johnson ML, Aronson MFJ, Campbell LK, Carr ME, Clarke M, D’Amico V, Darling L, Erker T, Fahey RT, King KL, Lautar K, Locke DH, Morzillo AT, Pincetl S, Rhodes L, Schmit JP, Scott L, Sonti NF. Conceptualizing social-ecological drivers of change in urban forest patches. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-00977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Johnson ML, Saffrey MJ, Taylor VJ. Gastrointestinal capacity, gut hormones and appetite change during rat pregnancy and lactation. Reproduction 2019; 157:431-443. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation increase maternal appetite and adiposity, which in humans can lead to long-term body mass retention. Previous rat reproduction studies suggest that appetite-inhibiting gut hormone, peptide-YY (PYY), is elevated, despite hyperphagia also that gastrointestinal size increases. The present study characterised changes in orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) ghrelin and anorexigenic (appetite-inhibiting) PYY and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and gastrointestinal architecture during pregnancy and lactation, in matched fed and fasted plasma and gut tissue samples taken during the dark phase. Enteroendocrine cells were immunolabelled, and gut masses and lengths were measured. Fasted plasma ghrelin reduced during pregnancy: it was lowest by day 18, recovered to control values at parturition, then increased by the end of lactation. Ghrelin-immunoreactive stomach cells and stomach ghrelin concentrations were highest at birth, prior to the onset of lactation-associated hyperphagia. Plasma fed GLP-1 concentrations were elevated during pregnancy, and together with higher colon concentrations of PYY and GLP-1 during early lactation, they were associated with gastrointestinal tissue expansion, not satiety. Body mass increased during lactation, whereas white adipose tissue depots depleted. Extensive gut remodelling coincided with elevated colon concentrations of PYY and GLP-1. Modifications included stomach and caecum expansion, and duodenal, ascending and descending colon circumference increases, all peaking by day 10 of lactation; increased intestinal masses and lengths peaking at lactation day 10 for small intestine and lactation day 25 for large intestine. If these physical tissue increases persist post-partum, they could accelerate future nutrient assimilation and storage in dams, and may contribute to increased obesity risk.
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Blevins CH, Dierkhising RA, Geno DM, Johnson ML, Vela MF, Ravi K, Iyer PG, Katzka DA. Obesity and GERD impair esophageal epithelial permeability through 2 distinct mechanisms. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13403. [PMID: 30062771 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which obesity leads to damage independent of reflux is unclear. We aimed to determine the influence of obesity on mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI), a functional measure of the epithelial barrier, in the presence and absence of acid reflux, using ambulatory pH impedance measurements. METHODS Twenty-four-hour pH impedance studies performed off medications in Caucasian men with a normal endoscopic examination were assessed for level of acid exposure and MNBI. Four patient groups were studied: Group 1, Not obese and normal acid exposure; Group 2, Obese and normal acid exposure; Group 3, Not obese and increased acid exposure; and Group 4, Obese with increased acid exposure. RESULTS One hundred patients were studied (25 in each group). Mean esophageal mucosal impedance (MI) was substantially lower in obese patients without reflux (Group 2) and non-obese patients with reflux (Group 3) compared to normal controls (non-obese, no reflux, Group 1). MI was progressively lower in the distal (vs the proximal) esophagus in GER patients, compared to those without GER. This difference persisted in the presence or absence of obesity. In contrast, in obese patients, the mean MI was significantly lower throughout the esophagus when compared to the non-obese patients and also persisted in the presence and absence of accompanying reflux. Obesity and reflux were both independently negatively correlated with MI. CONCLUSION Obesity is associated with abnormal esophageal MNBI. In contrast to gastro-esophageal reflux, this decrease is pan-esophageal. These data may support a systemic mechanism by which obesity alters the esophageal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Blevins
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R A Dierkhising
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D M Geno
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M F Vela
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - K Ravi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - P G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D A Katzka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
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Stramek AK, Johnson ML, Taylor VJ. Improved timed-mating, non-invasive method using fewer unproven female rats with pregnancy validation via early body mass increases. Lab Anim 2018; 53:148-159. [PMID: 29783908 DOI: 10.1177/0023677218774076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
For studies requiring accurate conception-timing, reliable, efficient methods of detecting oestrus reduce time and costs, whilst improving welfare. Standard methods use vaginal cytology to stage cycle, and breeders are paired-up using approximately five proven females with proven males to achieve at least one conception on a specific day. We describe an alternative, fast, consistent, non-invasive method of timed-mating using detection of lordosis behaviour in Wistar and Lister-Hooded rats that used unproven females with high success rates. Rats under reverse lighting had body masses recorded pre-mating, day (d) 3-4, d8, d10 and d18 of pregnancy. Using only the presence of the oestrus dance to time-mate females for 24 hours, 89% of Wistar and 88% of Lister-Hooded rats successfully conceived. We did not observe behavioural oestrus in Sprague-Dawleys without males being present. Significant body mass increases following mating distinguished pregnant from non-pregnant rats, as early as d4 of pregnancy (10% ± 1.0 increase cf. 3% ± 1.2). The pattern of increases throughout gestation was similar for all pregnant rats until late pregnancy, when there were smaller increases for primi- and multiparous rats (32% ± 2.5; 25% ± 2.4), whereas nulliparous rats had highest gains (38% ± 1.5). This method demonstrated a distinct refinement of the previous timed-mating common practice used, as disturbance of females was minimised. Only the number required of nulli-, primi- or multiparous rats were mated, and body mass increases validated pregnancy status. This new breeding management method is now established practice for two strains of rat and has resulted in a reduction in animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata K Stramek
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, UK
| | | | - Victoria J Taylor
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, UK
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Johnson ML, Novem Auyeung DS, Sonti NF, Pregitzer CC, McMillen HL, Hallett R, Campbell LK, Forgione HM, Kim M, Charlop-Powers S, Svendsen ES. Social-ecological research in urban natural areas: an emergent process for integration. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0763-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cleveland AA, Johnson ML, Gargano JW, Park IU, Griffin MR, Niccolai LM, Schafer S, Bennett NM, Markowitz LE, Unger ER. Cervical Adenocarcinoma in Situ in the United States: Results from Population-based Laboratory Surveillance, 2008–2014. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017. [PMCID: PMC5632134 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx162.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer screening methods are more effective for detection of squamous cell carcinoma precursor lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CIN2 and 3) than for less-common adenocarcinoma precursors (adenocarcinoma in situ; AIS). Primary prevention through human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is expected to impact both CIN and AIS, although less data exist about the HPV types associated with AIS. We analyzed HPV types detected in AIS and CIN identified through population-based surveillance. Methods The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and partners conduct surveillance for CIN2, CIN3, and AIS (CIN2+) among women aged ≥18 years in five locations in the United States. Specimen blocks for women aged 18–39 are sent to CDC for HPV typing using L1 consensus PCR. We analyzed cases with AIS only, AIS with CIN2 or 3 (AIS+CIN), and CIN3 only, the highest grade squamous cell precursor. We used chi-square tests to compare HPV types by histology. Types evaluated were HPV16 and 18 (high-risk (HR) types targeted by all HPV vaccines), 5 additional HR types targeted by the 9-valent vaccine (31/33/45/52/58; “additional 9vHPV”), and 7 other HR non-vaccine types (35/39/51/56/59/66/68). Results Between 2008 and 2014, 18,394 women were diagnosed with CIN2+. Of those, 517 (2.8%) had AIS (283 AIS only, 234 AIS+CIN) and 5,766 (31%) had CIN3 only. Median ages at diagnosis for AIS, AIS+CIN, and CIN3 were 37, 32, and 31 years, respectively. HPV typing results were available for 89 AIS, 99 AIS+CIN, and 2,923 CIN3 cases; HPV was detected in nearly all specimens (99% AIS, 100% AIS+CIN, 98% CIN3), and 21% of positive specimens had >1 HPV type identified. HPV16 (AIS: 51%, AIS+CIN: 64%, CIN3: 59%; p ≤ 0.001) and HPV18 (AIS: 39%, AIS+CIN: 31%, CIN3: 5%; P ≤ 0.001) were most common. Additional 9vHPV types (AIS: 3%, AIS+CIN: 12%, CIN3: 26%; P ≤ 0.001), and HR non-vaccine types (AIS: 6%, AIS+CIN2+: 2%, CIN3+: 9%; P ≤ 0.001) were detected less frequently. Conclusion HPV types differed by histology, with AIS having a greater proportion of HPV 18 and a lower proportion of additional 9vHPV and HR non-vaccine types. This report on the largest sample of genotyped AIS cases to date provides data for vaccine impact monitoring, and suggests a high opportunity for vaccine prevention of AIS. Disclosures M. R. Griffin, MedImmune: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia W Gargano
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ina U Park
- California Department of Health, Richmond, California
| | | | | | | | - Nancy M Bennett
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Johnson ML, Saffrey MJ, Taylor VJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) increases in plasma and colon tissue prior to estrus and circulating levels change with increasing age in reproductively competent Wistar rats. Peptides 2017; 90:55-62. [PMID: 28237410 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a well-documented association between cyclic changes to food intake and the changing ovarian hormone levels of the reproductive cycle in female mammals. Limited research on appetite-controlling gastrointestinal peptides has taken place in females, simply because regular reproductive changes in steroid hormones present additional experimental factors to account for. This study focussed directly on the roles that gastrointestinal-secreted peptides may have in these reported, naturally occurring, changes to food intake during the rodent estrous cycle and aimed to determine whether peripheral changes occurred in the anorexigenic (appetite-reducing) hormones peptide-YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in female Wistar rats (32-44 weeks of age). Total forms of each peptide were measured in matched fed and fasted plasma and descending colon tissue samples for each animal during the dark (feeding) phase. PYY concentrations did not significantly change between defined cycle stages, in either plasma or tissue samples. GLP-1 concentrations in fed plasma and descending colon tissue were significantly increased during proestrus, just prior to a significant reduction in fasted stomach contents at estrus, suggesting increased satiety and reduced food intake at this stage of the cycle. Increased proestrus GLP-1 concentrations could contribute to the reported reduction in food intake during estrus and may also have biological importance in providing the optimal nutritional and metabolic environment for gametes at the potential point of conception. Additional analysis of the findings demonstrated significant interactions of ovarian cycle stage and fed/fasted status with age on GLP-1, but not PYY plasma concentrations. Slightly older females had reduced fed plasma GLP-1 suggesting that a relaxation of regulatory control of this incretin hormone may also take place with increasing age in reproductively competent females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Johnson
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - M Jill Saffrey
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Victoria J Taylor
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
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Eberhardt W, Garassino MC, Rizvi NA, Besse B, Jänne PA, Peters S, Keong Toh C, Kurata T, Carcereny Costa E, Koczywas M, Felip Font E, Chaft J, Qiu J, Kowanetz M, Zou W, Coleman S, Mocci S, Sandler A, Gettinger S, Johnson ML. Atezolizumab as first-line therapy (1L) for advanced PD-L1-selected NSCLC patients: updated ORR, PFS, OS and exploratory biomarker results from the BIRCH study. Pneumologie 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1598277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Eberhardt
- Universitätsklinikum Essen, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Cancer Center, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - MC Garassino
- Fondazione Irccs Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Thoracic Oncology Unit
| | - NA Rizvi
- New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center
| | - B Besse
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif France and Paris Sud University
| | | | | | | | - T Kurata
- Kansai Medical University Hirakata Hospital
| | - E Carcereny Costa
- Catalan Institute of Oncology Badalona – Germans Trias I Pujol Hospital Badalona
| | | | | | - J Chaft
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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Johnson ML, Redmer DA, Reynolds LP, Grazul-Bilska AT. Gap junctional connexin messenger RNA expression in the ovine uterus and placenta: effects of estradiol-17β-treatment, early pregnancy stages, and embryo origin. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2017; 58:104-112. [PMID: 27835804 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions play a major role in direct, contact-dependent cell-cell communication, and they have been implicated in the regulation of cellular metabolism and the coordination of cellular functions during growth and differentiation of organs and tissues. Gap junctional channels, composed of connexin (Cx) proteins, have been detected and shown to be influenced by hormones (eg, estrogen and progesterone) in uterine and placental tissues in several species. We hypothesized that (1) the messenger RNA (mRNA) for Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 is expressed in the uterus of ovariectomized sheep treated with estradiol-17β (E2) and in ovine placenta during early pregnancy, (2) E2-treatment of ovariectomized ewes would cause time-specific changes in Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 mRNA expression (experiment 1), and (3) expression of these 4 Cx would vary across the days of early pregnancy (experiment 2) and will be affected by embryo origin (ie, after application of assisted reproductive technologies [ARTs]; experiment 3). Thus, we collected uterine tissues at 0 to 24 h after E2 treatments (experiment 1), and placental tissues during days 14 to 30 of early pregnancy after natural (NAT) breeding (experiment 2) and on day 22 of early pregnancy established after transfer of embryos generated through natural breeding (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or in vitro activation (IVA, parthenotes; experiment 3). In experiment 1, the expression of Cx26, Cx37, and Cx43 mRNA increased (P < 0.05) and Cx32 mRNA decreased (P < 0.06) in both caruncular and intercaruncular tissues after E2 treatment. In experiment 2, during early pregnancy, there were significant changes (P < 0.01) across days in the expression of Cx26, Cx37, and Cx43 mRNA in the maternal placenta, accompanied by changes (P < 0.001) in Cx37 and Cx43 mRNA in the fetal placenta. In experiment 3, in maternal placenta, Cx32 mRNA expression was decreased (P < 0.001) in NAT-ET, IVF, and IVA groups compared to the NAT group; but in fetal placenta, Cx32 mRNA expression was increased (P < 0.05) in NAT-ET, IVF and IVF groups, and Cx26 mRNA expression was increased (P < 0.05) in IVA compared to NAT group. These data suggest that Cx26, Cx32, Cx37, and Cx43 play specific roles in E2-regulated uterine function and in placental development during early gestation both after natural mating and with application of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - D A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - L P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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Johnson ML, Saffrey MJ, Taylor VJ. Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations Were Altered with Oestrous Cycle Stage and Increasing Age in Reproductively Competent Wistar Females. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166229. [PMID: 27829021 PMCID: PMC5102396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in appetite occur during the ovarian cycle in female mammals. Research on appetite-regulatory gastrointestinal peptides in females is limited, because reproductive changes in steroid hormones present additional experimental factors to control for. This study aimed to explore possible changes in the orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin during the rodent oestrous cycle. Fed and fasted plasma and stomach tissue samples were taken from female Wistar rats (32-44 weeks of age) at each stage of the oestrous cycle for total ghrelin quantification using radioimmunoassay. Sampling occurred during the dark phase when most eating takes place in rats. Statistical analysis was by paired-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA on normally distributed data, with Tukey post-hoc tests, or Kruskal-Wallis if not. GLM univariate analysis was used to assess main effects and interactions in ghrelin concentrations in the fed or fasted state and during different stages of the ovarian cycle, with age as a covariate. No consistent fed to fasted ghrelin increases were measured in matched plasma samples from the same animals, contrary to expectations. Total ghrelin concentrations did not significantly change between cycle stages with ANOVA, in either fed or fasted plasma or in stomach tissue. This was despite significantly decreased fasted stomach contents at oestrus (P = 0.028), suggesting decreased food intake. There was however a significant interaction in ghrelin plasma concentrations between fed and fasted proestrus rats and a direct effect of age with rats over 37 weeks old having lower circulating concentrations of ghrelin in both fed and fasted states. The biological implications of altered ghrelin plasma concentrations from 37 weeks of age are as yet unknown, but warrant further investigation. Exploring peripheral ghrelin regulatory factor changes with increasing age in reproductively competent females may bring to light potential effects on offspring development and nutritional metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Johnson
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - M. Jill Saffrey
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J. Taylor
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Smith SD, Yoon R, Johnson ML, Natarajan L, Beck E. The effect of involvement in a student-run free clinic project on attitudes toward the underserved and interest in primary care. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016; 25:877-89. [PMID: 24858891 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2014.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
METHODS The authors designed a survey instrument to examine the effect of involvement in a student-run free clinic project (SRFCP) on medical student self-reported attitudes toward the underserved and interest in primary care. From 2001-2010, first-and second-year medical students in an introductory service-learning elective course rated each of 15 statements on a seven-point Likert scale pre/post survey. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was performed on all matched pairs and an intent-to-treat analysis included unmatched pairs. RESULTS The response rate was 97.9%, with 914 of 934 students enrolled participating. Significant increases were seen in each of the 15 items in matched pre/post survey pairs, N = 433 (47.4%), or with an intent-to-treat analysis, N = 914 (p ≤ .002 for all). CONCLUSIONS This study found that medical student involvement in a SRFCP improved student knowledge, skills, attitudes and self-efficacy with the underserved, interest in work with the underserved after graduation, and interest in primary care.
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Hariri S, Markowitz LE, Bennett NM, Niccolai LM, Schafer S, Bloch K, Park IU, Scahill MW, Julian P, Abdullah N, Levine D, Whitney E, Unger ER, Steinau M, Bauer HM, Meek J, Hadler J, Sosa L, Powell SE, Johnson ML. Monitoring Effect of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in US Population, Emerging Infections Program, 2008-2012. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 21:1557-61. [PMID: 26291379 PMCID: PMC4550135 DOI: 10.3201/eid2109.141841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for surveillance of cervical precancers and associated types were developed to monitor effect of HPV vaccination. In 2007, five Emerging Infections Program (EIP) sites were funded to determine the feasibility of establishing a population-based surveillance system for monitoring the effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on pre-invasive cervical lesions. The project involved active population-based surveillance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ as well as associated HPV types in women >18 years of age residing in defined catchment areas; collecting relevant clinical information and detailed HPV vaccination histories for women 18–39 years of age; and estimating the annual rate of cervical cancer screening among the catchment area population. The first few years of the project provided key information, including data on HPV type distribution, before expected effect of vaccine introduction. The project’s success exemplifies the flexibility of EIP’s network to expand core activities to include emerging surveillance needs beyond acute infectious diseases. Project results contribute key information regarding the impact of HPV vaccination in the United States.
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Mauro NA, Vogt AJ, Derendorf KS, Johnson ML, Rustan GE, Quirinale DG, Kreyssig A, Lokshin KA, Neuefeind JC, An K, Wang XL, Goldman AI, Egami T, Kelton KF. Electrostatic levitation facility optimized for neutron diffraction studies of high temperature liquids at a spallation neutron source. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:013904. [PMID: 26827330 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutron diffraction studies of metallic liquids provide valuable information about inherent topological and chemical ordering on multiple length scales as well as insight into dynamical processes at the level of a few atoms. However, there exist very few facilities in the world that allow such studies to be made of reactive metallic liquids in a containerless environment, and these are designed for use at reactor-based neutron sources. We present an electrostatic levitation facility, NESL (for Neutron ElectroStatic Levitator), which takes advantage of the enhanced capabilities and increased neutron flux available at spallation neutron sources (SNSs). NESL enables high quality elastic and inelastic neutron scattering experiments to be made of reactive metallic and other liquids in the equilibrium and supercooled temperature regime. The apparatus is comprised of a high vacuum chamber, external and internal neutron collimation optics, and a sample exchange mechanism that allows up to 30 samples to be processed between chamber openings. Two heating lasers allow excellent sample temperature homogeneity, even for samples approaching 500 mg, and an automated temperature control system allows isothermal measurements to be conducted for times approaching 2 h in the liquid state, with variations in the average sample temperature of less than 0.5%. To demonstrate the capabilities of the facility for elastic scattering studies of liquids, a high quality total structure factor for Zr64Ni36 measured slightly above the liquidus temperature is presented from experiments conducted on the nanoscale-ordered materials diffractometer (NOMAD) beam line at the SNS after only 30 min of acquisition time for a small sample (∼100 mg).
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Mauro
- Department of Physics, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois 60540, USA
| | - A J Vogt
- Instrument and Source Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K S Derendorf
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - G E Rustan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D G Quirinale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A Kreyssig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K A Lokshin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J C Neuefeind
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Ke An
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Xun-Li Wang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - A I Goldman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - T Egami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - K F Kelton
- Department of Physics and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Johnson ML, Zimmerman L, Welch JL, Hertzog M, Pozehl B, Plumb T. Patient activation with knowledge, self-management and confidence in chronic kidney disease. J Ren Care 2015; 42:15-22. [DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lani Zimmerman
- University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Janet L. Welch
- Indiana University School of Nursing; Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Melody Hertzog
- University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Bunny Pozehl
- University of Nebraska Medical Center; Lincoln Nebraska USA
| | - Troy Plumb
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nephrology; Omaha Nebraska USA
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Li BT, Drilon A, Johnson ML, Hsu M, Sima CS, McGinn C, Sugita H, Kris MG, Azzoli CG. A prospective study of total plasma cell-free DNA as a predictive biomarker for response to systemic therapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancers. Ann Oncol 2015; 27:154-9. [PMID: 26487589 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While previous studies have reported on the prognostic value of total plasma cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) in lung cancers, few have prospectively evaluated its predictive value for systemic therapy response. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the association between changes in total cfDNA and radiologic response to systemic therapy in patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Paired blood collections for cfDNA and computed tomography (CT) assessments by RECIST v1.0 were performed at baseline and 6-12 weeks after therapy initiation. Total cfDNA levels were measured in plasma using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Associations between changes in cfDNA and radiologic response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were measured using Kruskal-Wallis and Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS A total of 103 patients completed paired cfDNA and CT response assessments. Systemic therapy administered included cytotoxic chemotherapy in 57% (59/103), molecularly targeted therapy in 17% (17/103), and combination therapy in 26% (27/103). Median change in cfDNA from baseline to response assessment did not significantly differ by radiologic response categories of progression of disease, stable disease and partial response (P = 0.10). However, using radiologic response as continuous variable, there was a weak positive correlation between change in radiologic response and change in cfDNA (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.21, P = 0.03). Baseline cfDNA levels were not associated with PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.20, P = 0.41] or OS (HR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.93-1.17, P = 0.51), neither were changes in cfDNA. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, changes in total cfDNA over time did not significantly predict radiologic response from systemic therapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Pretreatment levels of total cfDNA were not prognostic of survival. Total cfDNA level is not a highly specific predictive biomarker and future investigations in cfDNA should focus on tumor-specific genomic alterations using expanded capabilities of next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Li
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Drilon
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - C S Sima
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - C McGinn
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - H Sugita
- Department of Biochemistry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M G Kris
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - C G Azzoli
- Thoracic Oncology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, USA
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Reynolds LP, Haring JS, Johnson ML, Ashley RL, Redmer DA, Borowicz PP, Grazul-Bilska AT. Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: estrogen and progesterone receptor messenger RNA expression in pregnancies derived from in vivo-produced and in vitro-produced embryos. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2015; 53:60-9. [PMID: 26119037 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids are important regulators of angiogenesis and growth in reproductive tissues, including the placenta. In experiment (exp.) 1, to examine the expression of a suite of sex steroid receptors throughout early pregnancy, maternal (caruncular [CAR]) and fetal (fetal membranes [FM]) placental tissues were collected on days 14 to 30 after mating and on day 10 after estrus (nonpregnant controls). In exp. 2, to examine the hypothesis that assisted reproductive technology would affect the expression of the same suite of sex steroid receptors, pregnancies were achieved through natural mating (NAT) or transfer of embryos from natural mating (NAT-ET), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or in vitro activation (IVA), and CAR and FM were collected on day 22. In exp. 1, for CAR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of estrogen receptors (ESR) 1 and 2, nuclear (n) progesterone receptors (PGR) and membrane (m) PGRα, β, and γ were affected (P < 0.02) by pregnancy stage, as were ESR1, nPGR, and mPGRα, β, and γ for FM (P < 0.03). In exp. 2, for CAR, mRNA expression of ESR1 and nPGR was decreased (P < 0.001) in NAT-ET, IVF, and IVA groups compared with NAT. For FM, mRNA expression of ESR1 tended to be greater (P = 0.10) in the IVA group compared with NAT and NAT-ET, and GPER1 was greater (P < 0.05) in NAT-ET and IVF compared with NAT. These data establish the normal pattern of sex steroid receptor mRNA expression in maternal and fetal placenta during early pregnancy in sheep, and in addition, suggest that altered expression of placental sex steroid receptors may be an early event leading to poor placental vascularization and growth after assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
| | - J S Haring
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - R L Ashley
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - D A Redmer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - P P Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - A T Grazul-Bilska
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Lara-Castillo N, Kim-Weroha NA, Kamel MA, Javaheri B, Ellies DL, Krumlauf RE, Thiagarajan G, Johnson ML. In vivo mechanical loading rapidly activates β-catenin signaling in osteocytes through a prostaglandin mediated mechanism. Bone 2015; 76:58-66. [PMID: 25836764 PMCID: PMC4447591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The response of the skeleton to loading appears to be mediated through the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and osteocytes have long been postulated to be the primary mechanosensory cells in bone. To examine the kinetics of the mechanoresponse of bone and cell types involved in vivo, we performed forearm loading of 17-week-old female TOPGAL mice. β-catenin signaling was observed only in embedded osteocytes, not osteoblasts, at 1h post-loading, spreading to additional osteocytes and finally to cells on the bone surface by 24h. This early activation at 1h appeared to be independent of receptor (Lrp5/6) mediated activation as it occurred in the presence of the inhibitors sclerostin and/or Dkk1. The COX-2 inhibitor, Carprofen, blocked the activation of β-catenin signaling and decline in sclerostin positive osteocytes post-loading implying an important role for prostaglandin. In vitro, PI3K/Akt activation was shown to be required for β-catenin nuclear translocation downstream from prostaglandin in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells supporting this mechanism. Downstream targets of β-catenin signaling, sclerostin and Dkk1, were also examined and found to be significantly downregulated in osteocytes in vivo at 24h post-loading. The pattern of initially activated osteocytes appeared random and in order to understand this heterogeneous expression, a novel finite element model of the strain field in the ulna was developed, which predicts highly variable local magnitudes of strain experienced by osteocytes. In summary, both in vivo and in vitro models show the rapid activation of β-catenin in response to load through the early release of prostaglandin and that strain fields in the bone are extremely heterogeneous resulting in heterogeneous activation of the β-catenin pathway in osteocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lara-Castillo
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - N A Kim-Weroha
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - M A Kamel
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - B Javaheri
- The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - D L Ellies
- OsteoGeneX Inc, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - R E Krumlauf
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - G Thiagarajan
- UMKC School of Computing and Engineering, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- UMKC School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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Hariri S, Johnson ML, Bennett NM, Bauer HM, Park IU, Schafer S, Niccolai LM, Unger ER, Markowitz LE. Population-based trends in high-grade cervical lesions in the early human papillomavirus vaccine era in the United States. Cancer 2015; 121:2775-81. [PMID: 26098295 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) lesions can be monitored as early indicators of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine impact. Changes to screening utilization will affect observed reductions in CIN2+ rates and complicate the interpretation of vaccine impact. METHODS From 2008 to 2012, 9119 cases of CIN2+ among 18- to 39-year-old residents of catchment areas in California, Connecticut, New York, and Oregon were reported to the HPV-IMPACT Project, a sentinel system for monitoring the population impact of HPV vaccine. Age-stratified CIN2+ incidence rates were calculated for each catchment. Annual cervical screening was estimated for California, New York, and Oregon catchments with administrative and survey data. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to examine trends. RESULTS From 2008 to 2012, the incidence of CIN2+ significantly decreased among 18- to 20-year-olds (California, from 94 to 5 per 100,000 women; Connecticut, from 450 to 57 per 100,000 women; New York, from 299 to 43 per 100,000 women; and Oregon, from 202 to 37 per 100,000 women; Ptrend < .0001) and among 21- to 29-year-olds in Connecticut (from 762 to 589 per 100,000 women) and New York (from 770 to 465 per 100,000 women; Ptrend < .001); rates did not differ among 30- to 39-year-olds. During the same period, screening rates also declined, with the largest decreases among 18- to 20-year-olds (from 67% in Oregon to 88% in California) and with smaller declines among 21- to 29-year-olds (13%-27%) and 30- to 39-year-olds (3%-21%). CONCLUSIONS The declines in CIN2+ detection in young women were likely due to reduced screening but could also reflect the impact of vaccination. These data illustrate challenges in interpreting CIN2+ ecologic trends in the new era of cervical cancer prevention and emphasize the importance of information such as HPV types detected in lesions to assess the impact of HPV vaccine on cervical precancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hariri
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michelle L Johnson
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nancy M Bennett
- Center for Community Health and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Heidi M Bauer
- STD Control Branch, HIV/STD/TB Program, Center for Public Health Practice, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Ina U Park
- STD Control Branch, HIV/STD/TB Program, Center for Public Health Practice, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
| | - Sean Schafer
- HIV/STD/TB Program, Center for Public Health Practice, Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, Oregon
| | - Linda M Niccolai
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
A dozen years ago the identification of causal mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene involved in two rare bone disorders propelled research in the bone field in totally new directions. Since then, there have been an explosion in the number of reports that highlight the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of bone homeostasis. In this review we discuss some of the most recent reports (in the past 2 years) highlighting the involvement of the members of the LRP family (LRP5, LRP6, LRP4, and more recently LRP8) in the maintenance of bone and their implications in bone diseases. These reports include records of new single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes that suggest variants in these genes can contribute to subtle variation in bone traits to mutations that give rise to extreme bone phenotypes. All of these serve to further support and reinforce the importance of this tightly regulated pathway in bone. Furthermore, we discuss provocative reports suggesting novel approaches through inhibitors of this pathway to treat rarer diseases such as Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome (OPPG), Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), and Sclerosteosis/Van Buchem disease. It is hoped that by understanding the role of each component of the pathway and their involvement in bone diseases that this knowledge will allow us to develop new, more effective therapeutic approaches for more common diseases such as post-menopausal osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis as well as these rarer bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lara-Castillo
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, UMKC School of Dentistry, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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Johnson ML. Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular size and function and function and its application in coronary artery disese. Adv Cardiol 2015; 17:105-22. [PMID: 1274774 DOI: 10.1159/000398832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hariri S, Unger ER, Schafer S, Niccolai LM, Park IU, Bloch KC, Bennett NM, Steinau M, Johnson ML, Markowitz LE. HPV type attribution in high-grade cervical lesions: assessing the potential benefits of vaccines in a population-based evaluation in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 24:393-9. [PMID: 25416715 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two currently available vaccines targeting human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 could prevent 70% of cervical cancers and 50% of high-grade cervical lesions. Next-generation vaccines against additional types, such as a candidate 9-valent vaccine against HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58, could further reduce HPV-associated disease burden. METHODS HPV was typed in archived tissues from women ages 21 to 39 years residing in five catchment areas in the United States with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) using L1 consensus PCR and type-specific hybridization. Type attribution was estimated using weights to account for lesions with multiple types detected. RESULTS From 2008 to 2011, 5,498 of 6,306 (87.2%) specimens obtained from 8,469 women with CIN2+ had valid typing results; HPV DNA was detected in 97.3%. Overall, 50.1% of lesions were attributable to HPV16/18, ranging from 50.3% to 52.4% among those ages 21 to 34 years, and significantly declined in 35 to 39 year-olds (43.5%). HPV16/18 attribution was higher in non-Hispanic whites (56.4%) versus racial/ethnic minorities (range, 41.8%-45.9%; P < 0.001). HPV31/33/45/52/58 attribution was 25.0% overall and increased with age (P < 0.001). A higher proportion of CIN2+ was attributable to HPV31/33/45/52/58 in non-Hispanic black (29.9%), Hispanic (29.2%), and Asian (33.1%) women compared with non-Hispanic whites (22.8%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, 75% of lesions were attributable to 7 oncogenic HPV types: 50% to HPV16/18 and 25% to HPV31/33/45/52/58. HPV16/18 had the largest attributable fraction in CIN2+ across all subpopulations, although to a lesser extent in older women and racial/ethnic minorities. IMPACT Vaccines targeting additional oncogenic HPV types could prevent more high-grade cervical lesions, especially among racial/ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hariri
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sean Schafer
- HIV/STD/TB Program, Center for Public Health Practice, Oregon Public Health Division, Portland, Oregon
| | - Linda M Niccolai
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ina U Park
- California Department of Public Health, STD Control Branch, Richmond, California
| | - Karen C Bloch
- Departments of Medicine and Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Nancy M Bennett
- Center for Community Health and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Martin Steinau
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michelle L Johnson
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauri E Markowitz
- Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Meyer SR, Johnson ML, Lilieholm RJ, Cronan CS. Development of a stakeholder-driven spatial modeling framework for strategic landscape planning using Bayesian networks across two urban-rural gradients in Maine, USA. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kitase Y, Lee S, Gluhak-Heinrich J, Johnson ML, Harris SE, Bonewald LF. CCL7 is a protective factor secreted by mechanically loaded osteocytes. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1108-15. [PMID: 25274752 PMCID: PMC4212466 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514553008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In a search for factors up-regulated by mechanical strain in osteocytes, we discovered that chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7), a chemotactic myokine, was highly expressed in MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells. Although MLO-Y4 cells secrete potent chemotactic factors for osteoclast precursors, CCL7 was not responsible for this activity. CCL7 was increased in osteocytes in response to tooth movement in vivo. Since mechanical loading plays a crucial role in maintaining osteocyte viability, CCL7 was tested for protective activity and found to be protective against cell death induced by dexamethasone and etoposide. CCL7 specific antibody partially, but in combination with indomethacin, completely abrogated the protective effects of fluid flow shear stress against dexamethasone-induced cell death. CCL7 activated the β-catenin pathway through phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), suggesting that this pathway is responsible for the observed protective effects. A related cytokine, CCL2, also produced by MLO-Y4 cells but not regulated by mechanical loading, proved to be more potent and protected against cell death induced by not only dexamethasone, but also by Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα). Whereas osteocytes may produce CCL2 in constitutively low levels, a major function of mechanically induced CCL7 may be to selectively protect osteocytes in an autocrine manner against glucocorticoid-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kitase
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S Lee
- Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon City, Republic of Korea
| | | | - M L Johnson
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S E Harris
- Periodontics and Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - L F Bonewald
- Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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45
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Smith SD, Marrone L, Gomez A, Johnson ML, Edland SD, Beck E. Clinical outcomes of diabetic patients at a student-run free clinic project. Fam Med 2014; 46:198-203. [PMID: 24652638 PMCID: PMC5872808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to determine if the quality of care of diabetic patients at a Student-Run Free Clinic Project (SRFCP) meets the standard of care, is comparable with other published outcomes, and whether pertinent diabetic clinical indicators improve over time. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of diabetic patients at three University of California-San Diego (UCSD) SRFCP sites from December 1, 2008 to December 1, 2009 (n=182), calculated the percentage who received recommended screening tests, percent at goal, and compared these to published outcomes using Fisher's exact tests. Baseline measures were compared to most recent values using paired t tests. RESULTS The percentage of patients who received recommended screening tests (process measures) was blood pressure (BP) 100%, HbA1c 99.5%, creatinine 99.5%, LDL 93%, HDL and triglycerides 88%, microalbumin/creatinine ratio 80%, and ophthalmology exam 32%. Intermediate outcomes included: 70% of patients were at LDL goal <100, 70% had microalbumin/creatinine ratio <30, 61% of males were at HDL goal %gt;40, 47% of females at HDL goal>50, 52% with triglycerides <150, 45% had BP <130/80, and 30% of patients had HbA1c <7. Mean HbA1c, LDL, HDL, triglycerides and blood pressure improved significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic patients at UCSD SRFCP reached goals for both process measures and intermediate outcomes at rates that meet or exceed published outcomes of insured and uninsured diabetics on nearly all measures, with the exception of ophthalmology screening. Glycemic control, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure improved significantly during care at the UCSD SRFCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny D Smith
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California-San Diego
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46
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Gangopadhyay AK, Blodgett ME, Johnson ML, McKnight J, Wessels V, Vogt AJ, Mauro NA, Bendert JC, Soklaski R, Yang L, Kelton KF. Anomalous thermal contraction of the first coordination shell in metallic alloy liquids. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044505. [PMID: 25669553 DOI: 10.1063/1.4861666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A K Gangopadhyay
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M E Blodgett
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - M L Johnson
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J McKnight
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - V Wessels
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - A J Vogt
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - N A Mauro
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J C Bendert
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - R Soklaski
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - L Yang
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K F Kelton
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Johnson ML, Nair KS. Assessment of old and new proteins: a novel methodology. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23 Suppl 1:S6-S11. [PMID: 22784971 PMCID: PMC3537901 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein modifications and the accumulation of those proteins are implicated in a host of diseases from Parkinson's and Alzheimer's to both insulin independent and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Accumulation of irreversibly modified proteins occurs when the degradation rate of proteins is reduced or the rate of modification increases. Although the synthesis rates of individual proteins in vivo have been extensively studied the methodology to measure degradation rates of individual proteins in vivo remains to be well developed. However, the ability to measure the relative age of a particular protein pool in relation to the quality of the pool (amount of damage) is a recent advance. This brief review describes a novel methodology to simultaneously measure the synthesis rate of individual proteins along with the accumulation of oxidative damage to those proteins in vivo. The results of a recent investigation on individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus are described. Accelerated damage to de novo synthesized ApoA-1 is shown during short-term insulin cessation, which has potential clinical implications. Future implications of the novel method in diabetes and aging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - K S Nair
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Endocrinology, 200 First Street SW, Joseph 5-194, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Lakowicz JR, Szmacinski H, Johnson ML. Calcium imaging using fluorescence lifetimes and long-wavelength probes. J Fluoresc 2013; 2:47-62. [PMID: 24243158 DOI: 10.1007/bf00866388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/1992] [Revised: 05/12/1992] [Accepted: 06/08/1992] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe imaging of calcium concentrations using the long-wavelength Ca(2+) indicators, Calcium Green, Orange, and Crimson. The lifetimes of these probes were measured using the frequency-domain method and were found to increase from 50% to severalfold in response to calcium. The two-dimensional images of the calcium concentration were obtained using a new apparatus for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). We also describe procedures to correct for the position-dependent frequency response of the gain-modulated image intensifier used in the FLIM apparatus. Importantly, the FLIM method does not require the probe to display shifts in the excitation or emission spectra. Using the FLIM method, calcium imaging is possible using probes which display changes in lifetime in response to calcium. Consequently, calcium imaging is possible with excitation wavelengths ranging from 488 to as long as 620 nm, where autofluorescence and/or photochemical damage is minimal. These probes are also suitable for calcium measurements of single cells using lifetime-based flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland at Baltimore, 660 West Redwood Strect, 21201, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lakowicz JR, Cherek H, Kuśba J, Gryczynski I, Johnson ML. Review of fluorescence anisotropy decay analysis by frequency-domain fluorescence spectroscopy. J Fluoresc 2013; 3:103-16. [PMID: 24234774 DOI: 10.1007/bf00865324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/1993] [Revised: 08/27/1993] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This didactic paper summarizes the mathematical expressions needed for analysis of fluorescence anisotropy decays from polarized frequency-domain fluorescence data. The observed values are the phase angle difference between the polarized components of the emission and the modulated anisotropy, which is the ratio of the polarized and amplitude-modulated components of the emission. This procedure requires a separate measurement of the intensity decay of the total emission. The expressions are suitable for any number of exponential components in both the intensity decay and the anisotropy decay. The formalism is generalized for global analysis of anisotropy decays measured at different excitation wavelengths and for different intensity decay times as the result of quenching. Additionally, we describe the expressions required for associated anisotropy decays, that is, anisotropy decays where each correlation time is associated with a decay time present in the anisotropy decay. And finally, we present expressions appropriate for distributions of correlation times. This article should serve as a reference for researchers using frequency-domain fluorometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 North Greene Street, 21201, Baltimore, Maryland
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Johnson
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Scarborough, UK
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