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Hassan MM, Albogami B, Mwabvu T, Awad MF, Kadi RH, Mohamed AA, Al-Orabi JA, Hassan MM, Elsharkawy MM. The Antibacterial Activity of Rhazya stricta Extracts against Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Some Soil Invertebrates at High Altitudes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083613. [PMID: 37110847 PMCID: PMC10142056 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella is a common dangerous pathogen for humans and animals and is widely present in the digestive system. The genus Klebsiella is ubiquitous, as it is endemic to surface water, soil, and sewage. In this study, 70 samples were obtained from soil-dwelling invertebrates from September 2021 to March 2022 from Taif and Shafa in different altitudinal regions of Saudi Arabia. Fifteen of these samples were identified as Klebsiella spp. The Klebsiella isolates were genetically identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae using rDNA sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the Klebsiella isolates was determined. Amplification of virulence genes was performed using PCR. In this study, 16S rDNA sequencing showed a similarity from 98% to 100% with related K. pneumonia from the NCBI database, and the sequences were deposited in the NCBI GenBank under accession numbers ON077036 to ON077050. The growth inhibition properties of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the medicinal plant Rhazya stricta's leaves against K. pneumoniae strains using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and disc diffusion were evaluated. In addition, the biofilm inhibitory potential of these extracts was investigated using crystal violet. HPLC analysis identified 19 components divided into 6 flavonoids, 11 phenolic acids, stilbene (resveratrol), and quinol, and revealed variations in the number of components and their quantities between extracts. Both extracts demonstrated interesting antibacterial properties against K. pneumoniae isolates. The 2 extracts also showed strong biofilm inhibitory activities, with percentages of inhibition extending from 81.5% to 98.7% and from 35.1% to 85.8% for the ethanolic and methanolic extracts, respectively. Rhazya stricta leaf extract revealed powerful antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against K. pneumoniae isolates and could be a good candidate for the treatment or prevention of K. pneumonia-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander Albogami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarombera Mwabvu
- School of Biology & Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Private Bag X 11283, Mbombela 1200, South Africa
| | - Mohamed F Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roqayah H Kadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Mohamed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal A Al-Orabi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Montaser M Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Centre, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Ghareeb YE, Soliman SS, Ismail TA, Hassan MA, Abdelkader MA, Abdel Latef AAH, Al-Khayri JM, ALshamrani SM, Safhi FA, Awad MF, El-Moneim DA, Hassanin AA. Improvement of German Chamomile ( Matricaria recutita L.) for Mechanical Harvesting, High Flower Yield and Essential Oil Content Using Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2940. [PMID: 36365394 PMCID: PMC9653700 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chamomile (Matricariarecutita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants with various applications. The flowers and flower heads are the main organs inthe production of essential oil. The essential improvement goals of chamomile are considered to be high flower yield and oil content, as well asthe suitability for mechanical harvesting. The present study aimed to improve the flower yield, oil content and mechanical harvestability of German chamomile via chemical and physical mutagens. Three German chamomile populations (Fayum, Benysuif and Menia) were irradiated with 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gray doses of gamma rays, as well as chemically mutagenized using 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 mol/mL of sodium azide for 4 h. The two mutagens produced a wide range of changes in the flowers' shape and size. At M3 generation, 18 mutants (11 from gamma irradiation and 7 from sodium azide mutagenization) were selected and morphologically characterized. Five out of eighteen mutants were selected for morphological and chemical characterization for oil content, oil composition and oil quality in M4 generation. Two promising mutants, F/LF5-2-1 and B/HNOF 8-4-2, were selected based on their performance in most studied traits during three generations, as well as the high percentage of cut efficiency and a homogenous flower horizon, which qualify them as suitable candidates for mechanical harvesting. The two mutants are late flowering elite mutants; the F/LF5-2-1 mutant possessed the highest oil content (1.77%) and number of flowers/plant (1595), while the second promising B/HNOF 8-4-2 mutant hada high oil content (1.29%) and chamazulene percentage (13.98%) compared to control plants. These results suggest that the B/HNOF 8-4-2 and F/LF5-2-1 mutants could be integrated as potential parents into breeding programs for a high number of flowers, high oil content, oil composition and oil color traits for German chamomile improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser E. Ghareeb
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Said S. Soliman
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Ismail
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Hassan
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Abdelkader
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | | | - Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salha M. ALshamrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A. Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Ullah H, Khan S, Rahim F, Taha M, Iqbal R, Sarfraz M, Shah SAA, Sajid M, Awad MF, Omran A, Albalawi MA, Abdelaziz MA, Al Areefy A, Jafri I. Benzimidazole Bearing Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Act as Potent α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors; Synthesis, Bioactivity Screening and Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27206921. [PMID: 36296520 PMCID: PMC9609971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most chronic metabolic diseases. In the past few years, our research group has synthesized and evaluated libraries of heterocyclic analogs against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and found encouraging results. The current study comprises the evaluation of benzimidazole-bearing thiosemicarbazone as antidiabetic agents. A library of fifteen derivatives (7-21) was synthesized, characterized via different spectroscopic techniques such as HREI-MS, NMR, and screened against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. All derivatives exhibited excellent to good biological inhibitory potentials. Derivatives 19 (IC50 = 1.30 ± 0.20 µM and 1.20 ± 0.20 µM) and 20 (IC50 = 1.60 ± 0.20 µM and 1.10 ± 0.01 µM) were found to be the most potent among the series when compared with standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 11.29 ± 0.07 and 11.12 ± 0.15 µM, respectively). These derivatives may potentially serve as the lead candidates for the development of new therapeutic representatives. The structure-activity relationship was carried out for all molecules which are mainly based upon the pattern of substituent/s on phenyl rings. Moreover, in silico docking studies were carried out to investigate the active binding mode of selected derivatives with the target enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (F.R.)
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (H.U.); (F.R.)
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Maliha Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Toba Tek Singh, Punjab 36050, Pakistan
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Omran
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza Al Areefy
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Science Collage, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Home Economics, Nutrition & Food Science Department, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo 11281, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Jafri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Hassanin AA, Osman A, Atallah OO, El-Saadony MT, Abdelnour SA, Taha HSA, Awad MF, Elkashef H, Ahmed AE, Abd El-Rahim I, Mohamed A, Eldomiaty AS. Phylogenetic comparative analysis: Chemical and biological features of caseins (alpha-S-1, alpha-S-2, beta- and kappa-) in domestic dairy animals. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:952319. [PMID: 36187819 PMCID: PMC9519386 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.952319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Caseins determine the physicochemical, physiological, and biological characteristics of milk. Four caseins—alpha-S-1, alpha-S-2, beta, and kappa—were analyzed phylogenetically and in silico and characterized regarding chemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant features in five dairy animals: Arabian camels, sheep, goats, cattle, and water buffalos. The sequence of full-length amino acids of the four caseins for the five species was retracted from the NCBI GenBank database. Multiple sequence alignment is used to examine further the candidate sequences for phylogenetic analysis using Clustal X and NJ-Plot tools. The results revealed that sheep and goats possess strong similarities (98.06%) because of their common ancestor. The same was observed with cattle and water buffalos (96.25%). The Arabian camel was located in a single subclade due to low similarity in casein residues and compositions with other dairy animals. Protein modeling showed that alpha-S1- and alpha-S2-caseins possess the highest number of phosphoserine residues. The in silico computed chemical properties showed that β-casein recorded highest hydrophobicity index and lowest basic amino acid content, while α-S2-casein showed the opposite. The computed biological parameters revealed that α-S2-casein presented the highest bactericidal stretches. Only Arabian camel β-casein and k-casein showed one bactericidal stretches. The analysis also revealed that β-casein, particularly in Arabian camels, possesses the highest antioxidant activity index. These results support the importance of the bioinformatics resources to determine milk casein micelles' chemical and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Abdallah A. Hassanin
| | - Ali Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Osama Osman Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Heba S. A. Taha
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Elkashef
- Dairy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Abd El-Rahim
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S. Eldomiaty
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Mohamed H, Awad MF, Shah AM, Sadaqat B, Nazir Y, Naz T, Yang W, Song Y. Coculturing of Mucor plumbeus and Bacillus subtilis bacterium as an efficient fermentation strategy to enhance fungal lipid and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) production. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13111. [PMID: 35908106 PMCID: PMC9338991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to improve lipid and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) production of an oleaginous fungus, Mucor plumbeus, through coculturing with Bacillus subtilis bacteria, optimising the environmental and nutritional culture conditions, and scaling them for batch fermentation. The maximum levels of biomass, lipid, fatty acid, and GLA in a 5 L bioreactor containing cellobiose and ammonium sulfate as the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, achieved during the coculturing processes were 14.5 ± 0.4 g/L, 41.5 ± 1.3, 24 ± 0.8, and 20 ± 0.5%, respectively. This strategy uses cellobiose in place of glucose, decreasing production costs. The nutritional and abiotic factor results suggest that the highest production efficiency is achieved at 6.5 pH, 30 °C temperature, 10% (v/v) inoculum composition, 200 rpm agitation speed, and a 5-day incubation period. Interestingly, the GLA concentration of cocultures (20.0 ± 0.5%) was twofold higher than that of monocultures (8.27 ± 0.11%). More importantly, the GC chromatograms of cocultures indicated the presence of one additional peak corresponding to decanoic acid (5.32 ± 0.20%) that is absent in monocultures, indicating activation of silent gene clusters via cocultivation with bacteria. This study is the first to show that coculturing of Mucor plumbeus with Bacillus subtilis is a promising strategy with industrialisation potential for the production of GLA-rich microbial lipids and prospective biosynthesis of new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China. .,Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Awad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.,Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Beenish Sadaqat
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Yusuf Nazir
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.,Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tahira Naz
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center of Microbial Lipids, School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.
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Hassane AMA, Hussien SM, Abouelela ME, Taha TM, Awad MF, Mohamed H, Hassan MM, Hassan MHA, Abo-Dahab NF, El-Shanawany ARA. In Vitro and In Silico Antioxidant Efficiency of Bio-Potent Secondary Metabolites From Different Taxa of Black Seed-Producing Plants and Their Derived Mycoendophytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:930161. [PMID: 35928959 PMCID: PMC9344008 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.930161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple health complications, and it has become a major focus in targeted research fields. As known, black seeds are rich sources of bio-active compounds and widely used to promote human health due to their excellent medicinal and pharmaceutical properties. The present study investigated the antioxidant potency of various black seeds from plants and their derived mycoendophytes, and determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents in different extracts, followed by characterization of major constituents by HPLC analysis. Finally, in silico docking determined their binding affinities to target myeloperoxidase enzymes. Ten dominant mycoendophytes were isolated from different black seed plants. Three isolates were then selected based on high antiradical potency and further identified by ITS ribosomal gene sequencing. Those isolated were Aspergillus niger TU 62, Chaetomium madrasense AUMC14830, and Rhizopus oryzae AUMC14823. Nigella sativa seeds and their corresponding endophyte A. niger had the highest content of phenolics in their n-butanol extracts (28.50 and 24.43 mg/g), flavonoids (15.02 and 11.45 mg/g), and antioxidant activities (90.48 and 81.48%), respectively, followed by Dodonaea viscosa and Portulaca oleracea along with their mycoendophytic R. oryzae and C. madrasense. Significant positive correlations were found between total phenolics, flavonoids, and the antioxidant activities of different tested extracts. The n-butanol extracts of both black seeds and their derived mycoendophytes showed reasonable IC50 values (0.81–1.44 mg/ml) compared to the control with significant correlations among their phytochemical contents. Overall, seventeen standard phenolics and flavonoids were used, and the compounds were detected in different degrees of existence and concentration in the examined extracts through HPLC analysis. Moreover, the investigation of the molecular simulation results of detected compounds against the myeloperoxidase enzyme revealed that, as a targeted antioxidant, rutin possessed a high affinity (−15.3184 kcal/mol) as an inhibitor. Taken together, the black seeds and their derived mycoendophytes are promising bio-prospects for the broad industrial sector of antioxidants with several valuable potential pharmaceutical and nutritional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah M. A. Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Abdallah M. A. Hassane, ; Mohamed E. Abouelela,
| | - Saleh M. Hussien
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Abdallah M. A. Hassane, ; Mohamed E. Abouelela,
| | - Taher M. Taha
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Al Bahah University, Al-Mandaq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Mohammad M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufiya University, Sheben Al Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohammad H. A. Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Nageh F. Abo-Dahab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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7
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Al-Khayri JM, Mahdy EMB, Taha HSA, Eldomiaty AS, Abd-Elfattah MA, Abdel Latef AAH, Rezk AA, Shehata WF, Almaghasla MI, Shalaby TA, Sattar MN, Ghazzawy HS, Awad MF, Alali KM, Jain SM, Hassanin AA. Genetic and Morphological Diversity Assessment of Five Kalanchoe Genotypes by SCoT, ISSR and RAPD-PCR Markers. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11131722. [PMID: 35807674 PMCID: PMC9268761 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Determining the appropriate parents for breeding programs is the most important decision that plant breeders must make to maximize the genetic variability and produce excellent recombinant genotypes. Several methods are used to identify genotypes with desirable phenotypic features for breeding experiments. In this study, five kalanchoe genotypes were morphologically characterized by assessing plant height, number of inflorescences, number of flowers, flower length, flower diameter and number of petals. The analysis showed the distinction of yellow kalanchoe in the plant height trait, while the orange kalanchoe was distinguished in the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers and flower length traits, whereas the violet kalanchoe possessed the largest flower diameter and the highest number of petals. The molecular profiling was performed by random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tools. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves and the PCR reactions were performed using ten primers for each SCoT, ISSR and RAPD marker. Only four out of ten primers showed amplicon profiles in all PCR markers. A total of 70 bands were generated by SCoT, ISSR and RAPD-PCR with 35 polymorphic bands and 35 monomorphic bands. The total number of bands of RAPD, ISSR and SCoT was 15, 17 and 38, respectively. The polymorphism percentages achieved by RAPD, ISSR and SCoT were 60.25%, 15% and 57%, respectively. The cluster analysis based on morphological data revealed two clusters. Cluster I consisted of violet and orange kalanchoe, and cluster II comprised red, yellow and purple kalanchoe. Whereas the cluster analysis based on molecular data revealed three clusters. Cluster I included only yellow kalanchoe, cluster II comprised orange and violet kalanchoe while cluster III comprised red, and purple kalanchoe. The study concluded that orange, violet and yellow kalanchoe are distinguished parents for breeding economically valued traits in kalanchoe. Also, the study concluded that SCoT and RAPD markers reproduced reliable banding patterns to assess the genetic polymorphism among kalanchoe genotypes that consider the basis stone for genetic improvements in ornamental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M. Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.R.); (W.F.S.); (K.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (A.A.H.A.L.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Ehab M. B. Mahdy
- National Gene Bank (NGB), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Heba S. A. Taha
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (H.S.A.T.); (A.S.E.)
| | - Ahmed S. Eldomiaty
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (H.S.A.T.); (A.S.E.)
| | | | - Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (A.A.H.A.L.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Adel A. Rezk
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.R.); (W.F.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Wael F. Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.R.); (W.F.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Mustafa I. Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (T.A.S.)
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A. Shalaby
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.A.); (T.A.S.)
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Muhammad N. Sattar
- Central Laboratories, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham S. Ghazzawy
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid M. Alali
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.R.); (W.F.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Shri Mohan Jain
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Abdallah A. Hassanin
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; (H.S.A.T.); (A.S.E.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-K.); (A.A.H.A.L.); (A.A.H.)
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Mohamed H, Ebrahim W, El-Neketi M, Awad MF, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Song Y. In Vitro Phytobiological Investigation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from the Malus domestica-Derived Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus tubingensis Strain AN103. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123762. [PMID: 35744888 PMCID: PMC9228098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi including black aspergilli have the potential to synthesize multiple bioactive secondary metabolites. Therefore, the search for active metabolites from endophytic fungi against pathogenic microbes has become a necessity for alternative and promising strategies. In this study, 25 endophytic fungal isolates associated with Malus domestica were isolated, grown, and fermented on a solid rice medium. Subsequently, their ethyl acetate crude extracts were pretested for biological activity. One endophytic fungal isolate demonstrated the highest activity and was chosen for further investigation. Based on its phenotypic, ITS ribosomal gene sequences, and phylogenetic characterization, this isolate was identified as Aspergillus tubingensis strain AN103 with the accession number (KR184138). Chemical investigations of its fermented cultures yielded four compounds: Pyranonigrin A (1), Fonsecin (2), TMC 256 A1 (3), and Asperazine (4). Furthermore, 1H-NMR, HPLC, and LC-MS were performed for the identification and structure elucidation of these metabolites. The isolated pure compounds showed moderate-to-potent antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (MIC value ranged from 31 and 121 to 14.5 and 58.3 μg/mL), respectively; in addition, the time−kill kinetics for the highly sensitive bacteria against isolated compounds was also investigated. The antifungal activity results show that (3) and (4) had the maximum effect against Fusarium solani and A. niger with inhibition zones of 16.40 ± 0.55 and 16.20 ± 0.20 mm, respectively, and (2) had the best effect against Candida albicans, with an inhibition zone of 17.8 ± 1.35 mm. Moreover, in a cytotoxicity assay against mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y, (4) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity (49% inhibition), whereas (1−3) reported weak cytotoxicity (15, 26, and 19% inhibition), respectively. Our results reveal that these compounds might be useful to develop potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial drugs and an alternative source for various medical and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-156-5330-1370 (H.M.); +86-139-0617-4047 (Y.S.)
| | - Weaam Ebrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (W.E.); (M.E.-N.)
| | - Mona El-Neketi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (W.E.); (M.E.-N.)
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huaiyuan Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yao Zhang
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-156-5330-1370 (H.M.); +86-139-0617-4047 (Y.S.)
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9
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Mohamed H, Awad MF, Shah AM, Nazir Y, Naz T, Hassane A, Nosheen S, Song Y. Evaluation of Different Standard Amino Acids to Enhance the Biomass, Lipid, Fatty Acid, and γ-Linolenic Acid Production in Rhizomucor pusillus and Mucor circinelloides. Front Nutr 2022; 9:876817. [PMID: 35592629 PMCID: PMC9112836 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.876817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, 18 standard amino acids were tested as a single nitrogen source on biomass, total lipid, total fatty acid (TFA) production, and yield of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) in Rhizomucor pusillus AUMC 11616.A and Mucor circinelloides AUMC 6696.A isolated from unusual habitats. Grown for 4 days at 28°C, shaking at 150 rpm, the maximum fungal biomass for AUMC 6696.A was 14.6 ± 0.2 g/L with arginine and 13.68 ± 0.1 g/L with asparagine, when these amino acids were used as single nitrogen sources, while AUMC 11616.A maximum biomass was 10.73 ± 0.8 g/L with glycine and 9.44 ± 0.6 g/L with valine. These were significantly higher than the ammonium nitrate control (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TFA were achieved with glycine for AUMC 11616.A, 26.2 ± 0.8% w/w of cell dry weight, and glutamic acid for AUMC 6696.A, 23.1 ± 1.3%. The highest GLA yield was seen with proline for AUMC 11616.A, 13.4 ± 0.6% w/w of TFA, and tryptophan for AUMC 6696.A, 12.8 ± 0.3%, which were 38% and 25% higher than the ammonium tartrate control. The effects of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, fermentation time, and agitation speed on biomass, total lipids, TFA, and GLA concentration of the target strains have also been investigated. Our results demonstrated that nitrogen assimilation through amino acid metabolism, as well as the use of glucose as a carbon source and abiotic factors, are integral to increasing the oleaginicity of tested strains. Few studies have addressed the role of amino acids in fermentation media, and this study sheds light on R. pusillus and M. circinelloides as promising candidates for the potential applications of amino acids as nitrogen sources in the production of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mohamed
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Hassan Mohamed,
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yusuf Nazir
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Tahira Naz
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Abdallah Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shaista Nosheen
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuanda Song
- Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Yuanda Song,
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Hassane AM, Taha TM, Awad MF, Mohamed H, Melebari M. Radical scavenging potency, HPLC profiling and phylogenetic analysis of endophytic fungi isolated from selected medicinal plants of saudi arabia. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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11
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ElSayed AI, Mohamed AH, Rafudeen MS, Omar AA, Awad MF, Mansour E. Polyamines mitigate the destructive impacts of salinity stress by enhancing photosynthetic capacity, antioxidant defense system and upregulation of calvin cycle-related genes in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3675-3686. [PMID: 35844395 PMCID: PMC9280241 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaleim I. ElSayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Azza H. Mohamed
- Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Mohammed Suhail Rafudeen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Ahmad A. Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Selem E, Hassan AASA, Awad MF, Mansour E, Desoky ESM. Impact of Exogenously Sprayed Antioxidants on Physio-Biochemical, Agronomic, and Quality Parameters of Potato in Salt-Affected Soil. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:210. [PMID: 35050098 PMCID: PMC8781455 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the harsh environmental stresses that destructively impact potato growth and production, particularly in arid regions. Exogenously applied safe-efficient materials is a vital approach for ameliorating plant growth, productivity, and quality under salinity stress. This study aimed at investigating the impact of foliar spray using folic acid (FA), ascorbic acid (AA), and salicylic acid (SA) at different concentrations (100, 150, or 200 mg/L) on plant growth, physiochemical ingredients, antioxidant defense system, tuber yield, and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Spunta) grown in salt-affected soil (EC = 7.14 dS/m) during two growing seasons. The exogenously applied antioxidant materials (FA, AA, and SA) significantly enhanced growth attributes (plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, and leaves area), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids), gas exchange (net photosynthetic rate, Pn; transpiration rate, Tr; and stomatal conductance, gs), nutrient content (N, P, and K), K+/ Na+ ratio, nonenzymatic antioxidant compounds (proline and soluble sugar content), enzymatic antioxidants (catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) tuber yield traits, and tuber quality (dry matter, protein, starch percentage, total carbohydrates, and sugars percentage) compared with untreated plants in both seasons. Otherwise, exogenous application significantly decreased Na+ and Cl- compared to the untreated control under salt stress conditions. Among the assessed treatments, the applied foliar of AA at a rate of 200 mg/L was more effective in promoting salt tolerance, which can be employed in reducing the losses caused by salinity stress in potato grown in salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Selem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Asem A. S. A. Hassan
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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13
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Habibullah M, Sarkar S, Islam MM, Ahmed KU, Rahman MZ, Awad MF, ElSayed AI, Mansour E, Hossain MS. Assessing the Response of Diverse Sesame Genotypes to Waterlogging Durations at Different Plant Growth Stages. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112294. [PMID: 34834656 PMCID: PMC8618815 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sesame is sensitive to waterlogging, and its growth is devastatingly impacted under excess moisture conditions. Thus, waterlogging tolerance is crucial to alleviate yield constraints, particularly under expected climate change. In this study, 119 diverse sesame genotypes were screened for their tolerance to 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of waterlogging relative to non-waterlogged conditions. All plants died under 72 h of waterlogging, while 13.45%, 31.93%, and 45.38% of genotypes survived at 48, 24, and 12 h, respectively. Based on the seedling parameters and waterlogging tolerance coefficients, genotypes BD-7008 and BD-6985 exhibited the highest tolerance to waterlogging, while BD-6996 and JP-01811 were the most sensitive ones. The responses of these four genotypes to waterlogged conditions were assessed at different plant growth stages-30, 40, and 50 days after sowing (DAS)-versus normal conditions. Waterlogging, particularly when it occurred within 30 DAS, destructively affected the physiological and morphological characteristics, which was reflected in the growth and yield attributes. Genotype BD-7008, followed by BD-6985, exhibited the highest chlorophyll and proline contents as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). These biochemical and physiological adjustments ameliorated the adverse effects of waterlogging, resulting in higher yields for both genotypes. Conversely, JP-01811 presented the lowest chlorophyll and proline contents as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, resulting in the poorest growth and seed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Habibullah
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (S.S.); (M.M.I.); (K.U.A.)
- Syngenta Bangladesh Limited, Green Rowshan Ara Tower (5th & 6th Floor), 55 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnaz Sarkar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (S.S.); (M.M.I.); (K.U.A.)
| | - Mohammad Mahbub Islam
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (S.S.); (M.M.I.); (K.U.A.)
| | - Kamal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.H.); (S.S.); (M.M.I.); (K.U.A.)
| | - Md. Zillur Rahman
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelaleim I. ElSayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.I.E.); (E.M.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.I.E.); (E.M.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Md. Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (A.I.E.); (E.M.); (M.S.H.)
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Elhusseiny SM, El-Mahdy TS, Awad MF, Elleboudy NS, Farag MMS, Yassein MA, Aboshanab KM. Proteome Analysis and In Vitro Antiviral, Anticancer and Antioxidant Capacities of the Aqueous Extracts of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus Edible Mushrooms. Molecules 2021; 26:4623. [PMID: 34361776 PMCID: PMC8348442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined aqueous extracts of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) and Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom). Proteome analysis was conducted using LC-Triple TOF-MS and showed the expression of 753 proteins by Pleurotus ostreatus, and 432 proteins by Lentinula edodes. Bioactive peptides: Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin reductase, serine proteinase and lectin, were identified in both mushrooms. The extracts also included promising bioactive compounds including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins and amino acids. The extracts showed promising antiviral activities, with a selectivity index (SI) of 4.5 for Pleurotus ostreatus against adenovirus (Ad7), and a slight activity for Lentinula edodes against herpes simplex-II (HSV-2). The extracts were not cytotoxic to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). On the contrary, they showed moderate cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Additionally, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation scavenging and ORAC assays. The two extracts showed potential antioxidant activities, with the maximum activity seen for Pleurotus ostreatus (IC50 µg/mL) = 39.46 ± 1.27 for DPPH; 11.22 ± 1.81 for ABTS; and 21.40 ± 2.20 for ORAC assays. This study encourages the use of these mushrooms in medicine in the light of their low cytotoxicity on normal PBMCs vis à vis their antiviral, antitumor and antioxidant capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza M. Elhusseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 4th Industrial Area, 6th of October City, Cairo 2566, Egypt; (S.M.E.); (T.S.E.-M.)
| | - Taghrid S. El-Mahdy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), 4th Industrial Area, 6th of October City, Cairo 2566, Egypt; (S.M.E.); (T.S.E.-M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nooran S. Elleboudy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (N.S.E.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Mohamed M. S. Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud A. Yassein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (N.S.E.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (N.S.E.); (M.A.Y.)
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15
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Soliman SE, Elabd NS, El-Kousy SM, Awad MF. Down regulation of miR-30a-5p and miR-182-5p in gastric cancer: Clinical impact and survival analysis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101079. [PMID: 34355069 PMCID: PMC8321916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Gastric Cancer (GC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing nations, only a few suitable gastric cancer serum biomarkers with acceptable sensitivity and specificity exist. This work aims to highlight and uncover miR-30a-5p and miR-182-5p's diagnostic roles regarding gastric cancer and their roles in predicting prognosis. Methods 148 patients participated in this study. Groups I, II, and III had 47 patients with GC, 54 patients with benign gastric lesions, and 47 apparently healthy subjects of coincided age and gender as controls, respectively. All participants were clinically evaluated and subjected to CBC, serum CEA, and CA19-9 by ELISA, and real-time PCR tests of miR-30a-5p and miR-182-5p. Results MiR30a-5p and miR-182-5p were down regulated in gastric cancer patients in Group I more than Groups II and III (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed that miR30a-5p had better AUC, sensitivity, and specificity (0.961%, 93.62%, and 90.74%respectively). When miR-182-5p was gathered with CEA and CA19-9, specificity raised to 98.15% and PPV to 97.6%. Lower miR-30a-5p levels are linked with the presence of distant metastases, advanced TNM stage, and degree of pathological differentiation of tumors in GC patients (p = 0.034, 0.019, 0.049) respectively. According to the multivariate analysis, miR30a-5p expression level could be an independent predictor of GC. Conclusion Our results exhibited that miRNAs, miR-30a-5p and miR182-5p, gene expression have a diagnostic power and can identify patients with GC. MiR-30a-5p displayed the highest diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Besides other known tumor markers, they could offer simple noninvasive biomarkers that predict gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa E Soliman
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Naglaa S Elabd
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine - Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Salah M El-Kousy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science - Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Awad
- Chemist at Faculty of Science - Menoufia University, Egypt Organic Chemistry, Egypt
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Atta OM, Manan S, Ahmed AAQ, Awad MF, Ul-Islam M, Subhan F, Ullah MW, Yang G. Development and Characterization of Yeast-Incorporated Antimicrobial Cellulose Biofilms for Edible Food Packaging Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142310. [PMID: 34301067 PMCID: PMC8309339 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique properties and advantages of edible films over conventional food packaging have led the way to their extensive exploration in recent years. Moreover, the incorporation of bioactive components during their production has further enhanced the intrinsic features of packaging materials. This study was aimed to develop edible and bioactive food packaging films comprising yeast incorporated into bacterial cellulose (BC) in conjunction with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and glycerol (Gly) to extend the shelf life of packaged food materials. First, yeast biomass and BC hydrogels were produced by Meyerozyma guilliermondii (MT502203.1) and Gluconacetobacter xylinus (ATCC53582), respectively, and then the films were developed ex situ by mixing 30 wt.% CMC, 30 wt.% Gly, 2 wt.% yeast dry biomass, and 2 wt.% BC slurry. FE-SEM observation showed the successful incorporation of Gly and yeast into the fibrous cellulose matrix. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the development of composite films through chemical interaction between BC, CMC, Gly, and yeast. The developed BC/CMC/Gly/yeast composite films showed high water solubility (42.86%). The yeast-incorporated films showed antimicrobial activities against three microbial strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Saccharomyces aureus, by producing clear inhibition zones of 16 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, respectively, after 24 h. Moreover, the films were non-toxic against NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells. Finally, the coating of oranges and tomatoes with BC/CMC/Gly/yeast composites enhanced the shelf life at different storage temperatures. The BC/CMC/Gly/yeast composite film-coated oranges and tomatoes demonstrated acceptable sensory features such as odor and color, not only at 6 °C but also at room temperature and further elevated temperatures at 30 °C and 40 °C for up to two weeks. The findings of this study indicate that the developed BC/CMC/Gly/yeast composite films could be used as edible packaging material with high nutritional value and distinctive properties related to the film component, which would provide protection to foods and extend their shelf life, and thus could find applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mohammad Atta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Sehrish Manan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
| | - Abeer Ahmed Qaed Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman;
| | - Fazli Subhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.U.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (O.M.A.); (S.M.); (A.A.Q.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.U.); (G.Y.)
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Abd El-Mageed TA, Belal EE, Rady MOA, Abd El-Mageed SA, Mansour E, Awad MF, Semida WM. Acidified Biochar as a Soil Amendment to Drought Stressed (Vicia faba L.) Plants: Influences on Growth and Productivity, Nutrient Status, and Water Use Efficiency. Agronomy 2021; 11:1290. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11071290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major threats to global food security. Biochar use in agriculture has received much attention and improving it through chemical modification offers a potential approach for enhancing crop productivity. There is still limited knowledge on how acidified biochar influences soil properties, and consequently its influences on the agricultural productivity of drought stressed plants. The water use efficiency (I-WUE) of drought stressed faba beans was investigated through the effects of acidified biochar (ACBio) (a 3:100 (w:w) combination of citric acid and biochar) on soil properties, growth, productivity, nutrient uptake, water productivity (WP), and irrigation. Two field experiments (2016/2017 and 2017/2018) were conducted in saline soil (ECe, 7.2 dS m−1) on faba been plants grown under three irrigation regimes (i.e., 100, 80, and 60% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) combined with three levels of ACBio (0, 5, and 10 t ha−1). Plants exposed to water stress presented a significant decrease in plant height, dry matter, leave area, chlorophyll content (SPAD), the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, and PI), water status (membrane stability index and relative water content), and seed yield. Acidified biochar soil incorporation improved soil properties (chemical and physical), plant growth, physiological responses, WP, I-WUE, and contents of N, P, K, and Ca. Results revealed that the application of ACBio at 10 t ha−1 and 5 t ha−1 significantly increased seed yield by 38.7 and 25.8%, respectively, compared to the control. Therefore, ACBio incorporation may find application in the future as a potential soil amendment for improving growth and productivity of faba bean plants under deficit irrigation.
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Fouda A, Awad MA, Eid AM, Saied E, Barghoth MG, Hamza MF, Awad MF, Abdelbary S, Hassan SED. An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5096. [PMID: 34065835 PMCID: PMC8151347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective compounds to control diseases caused by microbes and insects are the main challenges. Herein, the magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) are successfully fabricated by harnessing the metabolites secreted by Penicillium chrysogenum. The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, DLS, EDX, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Data showed the successful formation of crystallographic, spherical, well-dispersed MgO-NPs with sizes of 7-40 nm at a maximum wavelength of 250 nm. The EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O ions as the main components with weight percentages of 13.62% and 7.76%, respectively. The activity of MgO-NPs as an antimicrobial agent was investigated against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, and exhibited zone of inhibitions of 12.0 ± 0.0, 12.7 ± 0.9, 23.3 ± 0.8, 17.7 ± 1.6, and 14.7 ± 0.6 mm respectively, at 200 µg mL-1. The activity is decreased by decreasing the MgO-NPs concentration. The biogenic MgO-NPs exhibit high efficacy against different larvae instar and pupa of Anopheles stephensi, with LC50 values of 12.5-15.5 ppm for I-IV larvae instar and 16.5 ppm for the pupa. Additionally, 5 mg/cm2 of MgO-NPs showed the highest protection percentages against adults of Anopheles stephensi, with values of 100% for 150 min and 67.6% ± 1.4% for 210 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Awad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Ebrahim Saied
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed G. Barghoth
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammed F. Hamza
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, Cairo POB 530, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salah Abdelbary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.M.E.); (E.S.); (M.G.B.); (S.A.)
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Hassan SED, Fouda A, Saied E, Farag MMS, Eid AM, Barghoth MG, Awad MA, Hamza MF, Awad MF. Rhizopus oryzae-Mediated Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO-NPs): A Promising Tool for Antimicrobial, Mosquitocidal Action, and Tanning Effluent Treatment. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:372. [PMID: 34068709 PMCID: PMC8150313 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolites of the fungal strain Rhizopus oryaze were used as a biocatalyst for the green-synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The production methodology was optimized to attain the maximum productivity as follows: 4 mM of precursor, at pH 8, incubation temperature of 35 °C, and reaction time of 36 h between metabolites and precursor. The as-formed MgO-NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, SEM-EDX, XRD, DLS, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. These analytical techniques proved to gain crystalline, homogenous, and well-dispersed spherical MgO-NPs with an average size of 20.38 ± 9.9 nm. The potentiality of MgO-NPs was dose- and time-dependent. The biogenic MgO-NPs was found to be a promising antimicrobial agent against the pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with inhibition zones of 10.6 ± 0.4, 11.5 ± 0.5, 13.7 ± 0.5, 14.3 ± 0.7, and 14.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, at 200 μg mL-1. Moreover, MgO-NPs manifested larvicidal and adult repellence activity against Culex pipiens at very low concentrations. The highest decolorization percentages of tanning effluents were 95.6 ± 1.6% at 100 µg/ 100 mL after 180 min. At this condition, the physicochemical parameters of tannery effluents, including TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, and conductivity were reduced with percentages of 97.9%, 98.2%, 87.8%, 95.9%, and 97.3%, respectively. Moreover, the chromium ion was adsorbed with percentages of 98.2% at optimum experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad El-Din Hassan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Amr Fouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Ebrahim Saied
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Mohamed M. S. Farag
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Ahmed M. Eid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Mohammed G. Barghoth
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (E.S.); (M.M.S.F.); (A.M.E.); (M.G.B.)
| | - Mohamed A. Awad
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed F. Hamza
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, Cairo POB 530, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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Badawy AA, Abdelfattah NAH, Salem SS, Awad MF, Fouda A. Efficacy Assessment of Biosynthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) on Stored Grain Insects and Their Impacts on Morphological and Physiological Traits of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Plant. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10030233. [PMID: 33802973 PMCID: PMC8002698 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, CuO-NPs were fabricated by harnessing metabolites of Aspergillus niger strain (G3-1) and characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and XPS. Spherical, crystallographic CuO-NPs were synthesized in sizes ranging from 14.0 to 47.4 nm, as indicated by TEM and XRD. EDX and XPS confirmed the presence of Cu and O with weight percentages of 62.96% and 22.93%, respectively, at varied bending energies. FT-IR spectra identified functional groups of metabolites that could act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents to the CuO-NPs. The insecticidal activity of CuO-NPs against wheat grain insects Sitophilus granarius and Rhyzopertha dominica was dose- and time-dependent. The mortality percentages due to NP treatment were 55-94.4% (S. granarius) and 70-90% (R. dominica). A botanical experiment was done in a randomized block design. Low CuO-NP concentration (50 ppm) caused significant increases in growth characteristics (shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, and leaves number), photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophylls and carotenoids), and antioxidant enzymes of wheat plants. There was no significant change in carbohydrate or protein content. The use of CuO-NPs is a promising tool to control grain insects and enhance wheat growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Badawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.B.); (S.S.S.)
| | | | - Salem S. Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.B.); (S.S.S.)
| | - Mohamed F. Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr Fouda
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (A.A.B.); (S.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-111-3351244
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Awad MF, El-Shenawy FS, El-Gendy MMAA, El-Bondkly EAM. Purification, characterization, and anticancer and antioxidant activities of L-glutaminase from Aspergillus versicolor Faesay4. Int Microbiol 2021; 24:169-181. [PMID: 33389217 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
L-Glutaminase is an amidohydrolase which can act as a vital chemotherapeutic agent against various malignancies. In the present work, L-glutaminase productivity from Aspergillus versicolor Faesay4 was significantly increased by 7.72-fold (from 12.33 ± 0.47 to 95.15 ± 0.89 U/mL) by optimizing submerged fermentation parameters in Czapek's Dox (CZD) medium including an incubation period from 3 (12.33 ± 0.47 U/mL) to 6 days (23.36 ± 0.58 U/mL), an incubation temperature from 30 °C (23.36 ± 0.49 U/mL) to 25 °C (31.08 ± 0.60 U/mL), initial pH from pH 5.0 (8.49 ± 0.21 U/mL) to pH 7.0 (32.18 ± 0.57 U/mL), replacement of glucose (30.19 ± 0.52 U/mL) by sucrose (48.97 ± 0.67 U/mL) as the carbon source at a concentration of 2.0% (w/v), increasing glutamine concentration as the nitrogen source from 1.0% (w/v, 48.54 ± 0.48 U/mL) to 1.5% (w/v, 63.01 ± 0.60 U/mL), and addition of a mixture of KH2PO4 and NaCl (0.5% w/v for both) to SZD as the metal supplementation (95.15 ± 0.89 U/mL). Faesay4 L-glutaminase was purified to yield total activity 13,160 ± 22.76 (U), specific activity 398.79 ± 9.81 (U/mg of protein), and purification fold 2.1 ± 3.18 with final enzyme recovery 57.22 ± 2.17%. The pure enzyme showed a molecular weight of 61.80 kDa, and it was stable and retained 100.0% of its activity at a temperature ranged from 10 to 40 °C and pH 7.0. In our trials, to increase the enzyme activity by optimizing the assay conditions (which were temperature 60 °C, pH 7.0, substrate glutamine, substrate concentration 1.0%, and reaction time 60 min), the enzyme activity increased by 358.8% after changing the assay temperature from 60 to 30 °C and then increased by 138% after decreasing the reaction time from 60 to 40 min. However, both pH 7.0 and glutamine as the substrate remain the best assay parameters for the L-glutaminase activity. When the glutamine in the assay as the reaction substrate was replaced by asparagine, lysine, proline, methionine, cysteine, glycine, valine, phenylalanine, L-alanine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, and serine, the enzyme lost 23.86%, 29.0%, 31.0%, 48.3%, 50.0%, 73.6%, 74.51%, 80.42%, 82.5%, 83.43%, 88.36%, and 89.78% of its activity with glutamine, respectively. Furthermore, Mn2+, K+, Na+, and Fe3+ were enzymatic activators that increased the L-glutaminase activity by 25.0%, 18.05%, 10.97%, and 8.0%, respectively. Faesay4 L-glutaminase was characterized as a serine protease enzyme as a result of complete inhibition by all serine protease inhibitors (PMSF, benzamidine, and TLCK). Purified L-glutaminase isolated from Aspergillus versicolor Faesay4 showed potent DPPH scavenging activities with IC50 = 50 μg/mL and anticancer activities against human liver (HepG-2), colon (HCT-116), breast (MCF-7), lung (A-549), and cervical (Hela) cancer cell lines with IC50 39.61, 12.8, 6.18, 11.48, and 7.25 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Awad
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fareed Shawky El-Shenawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of fungi in aerobic and anoxic activated sludge from membrane bioreactors. Thirty-six samples from each aerobic and anoxic activated sludge were taken from two membrane bioreactors treating domestic wastewater. Over a period of 9 months, four samples from each plant were taken per month. The samples were prepared for count and identification of fungi. Sixty species belonging to 30 genera were collected from activated sludge samples under aerobic and anoxic conditions. In terms of fungal identification, under aerobic conditions Geotrichum candidum was found at 94.4% followed by Penicillium species at 80.6%, yeasts at 75.0%, and Trichoderma species at 50.0%; under anoxic conditions G. candidum at 86.1%, yeasts at 66.6%, and Penicillium species at 61.1% were the most prevalent. The results indicate that activated sludge is a habitat for growth and sporulation of different groups of fungi, both saprophytic and pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Awad
- Technische UniversitÄt, Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Kraume
- Technische UniversitÄt, Chair of Chemical and Process Engineering, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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