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Parain K, Chesneau A, Locker M, Borday C, Perron M. Regeneration from three cellular sources and ectopic mini-retina formation upon neurotoxic retinal degeneration in Xenopus. Glia 2024; 72:759-776. [PMID: 38225726 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative abilities are not evenly distributed across the animal kingdom. The underlying modalities are also highly variable. Retinal repair can involve the mobilization of different cellular sources, including ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) stem cells, the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), or Müller glia. To investigate whether the magnitude of retinal damage influences the regeneration modality of the Xenopus retina, we developed a model based on cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) intraocular injection, allowing for a dose-dependent control of cell death extent. Analyses in Xenopus laevis revealed that limited CoCl2 -mediated neurotoxicity only triggers cone loss and results in a few Müller cells reentering the cell cycle. Severe CoCl2 -induced retinal degeneration not only potentializes Müller cell proliferation but also enhances CMZ activity and unexpectedly triggers RPE reprogramming. Surprisingly, reprogrammed RPE self-organizes into an ectopic mini-retina-like structure laid on top of the original retina. It is thus likely that the injury paradigm determines the awakening of different stem-like cell populations. We further show that these cellular sources exhibit distinct neurogenic capacities without any bias towards lost cells. This is particularly striking for Müller glia, which regenerates several types of neurons, but not cones, the most affected cell type. Finally, we found that X. tropicalis also has the ability to recruit Müller cells and reprogram its RPE following CoCl2 -induced damage, whereas only CMZ involvement was reported in previously examined degenerative models. Altogether, these findings highlight the critical role of the injury paradigm and reveal that three cellular sources can be reactivated in the very same degenerative model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Parain
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Albert Chesneau
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Morgane Locker
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Caroline Borday
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
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2
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Bitard J, Grellier EK, Lourdel S, Filipe HP, Hamon A, Fenaille F, Castelli FA, Chu-Van E, Roger JE, Locker M, Perron M. Uveitic glaucoma-like features in Yap conditional knockout mice. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:48. [PMID: 38272861 PMCID: PMC10811226 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive and irreversible degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells. Despite medical advances aiming at slowing degeneration, around 40% of treated glaucomatous patients will undergo vision loss. It is thus of utmost importance to have a better understanding of the disease and to investigate more deeply its early causes. The transcriptional coactivator YAP, an important regulator of eye homeostasis, has recently drawn attention in the glaucoma research field. Here we show that Yap conditional knockout mice (Yap cKO), in which the deletion of Yap is induced in both Müller glia (i.e. the only retinal YAP-expressing cells) and the non-pigmented epithelial cells of the ciliary body, exhibit a breakdown of the aqueous-blood barrier, accompanied by a progressive collapse of the ciliary body. A similar phenotype is observed in human samples that we obtained from patients presenting with uveitis. In addition, aged Yap cKO mice harbor glaucoma-like features, including deregulation of key homeostatic Müller-derived proteins, retinal vascular defects, optic nerve degeneration and retinal ganglion cell death. Finally, transcriptomic analysis of Yap cKO retinas pointed to early-deregulated genes involved in extracellular matrix organization potentially underlying the onset and/or progression of the observed phenotype. Together, our findings reveal the essential role of YAP in preserving the integrity of the ciliary body and retinal ganglion cells, thereby preventing the onset of uveitic glaucoma-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bitard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France.
| | - Elodie-Kim Grellier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sophie Lourdel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Helena Prior Filipe
- West Lisbon Hospitals Center, Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Annaïg Hamon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Florence Anne Castelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Emeline Chu-Van
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme E Roger
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Morgane Locker
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France.
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Donval A, Hernandez Puente CV, Lainé A, Roman D, Vessely R, Leclercq J, Perron M, Locker M. Awakening adult neural stem cells: NOX signalling as a positive regulator of the quiescence-to-proliferation transition in the Xenopus retina. Development 2024; 151:dev201463. [PMID: 38108453 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing wealth of data suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling might be crucial in conferring embryonic or adult stem cells their specific properties. However, how stem cells control ROS production and scavenging, and how ROS in turn contribute to stemness, remain poorly understood. Using the Xenopus retina as a model system, we first investigated the redox status of retinal stem cells (RSCs). We discovered that they exhibit higher ROS levels compared with progenitors and retinal neurons, and express a set of specific redox genes. We next addressed the question of ROS functional involvement in these cells. Using pharmacological or genetic tools, we demonstrate that inhibition of NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production increases the proportion of quiescent RSCs. Surprisingly, this is accompanied by an apparent acceleration of the mean division speed within the remaining proliferating pool. Our data further unveil that such impact on RSC cell cycling is achieved by modulation of the Wnt/Hedgehog signalling balance. Altogether, we highlight that RSCs exhibit distinctive redox characteristics and exploit NADPH oxidase signalling to limit quiescence and fine-tune their proliferation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Donval
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | | | - Anaïs Lainé
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Diana Roman
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Romain Vessely
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Julien Leclercq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Morgane Locker
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
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Bocquet B, Borday C, Erkilic N, Mamaeva D, Donval A, Masson C, Parain K, Kaminska K, Quinodoz M, Perea-Romero I, Garcia-Garcia G, Jimenez-Medina C, Boukhaddaoui H, Coget A, Leboucq N, Calzetti G, Gandolfi S, Percesepe A, Barili V, Uliana V, Delsante M, Bozzetti F, Scholl HP, Corton M, Ayuso C, Millan JM, Rivolta C, Meunier I, Perron M, Kalatzis V. TBC1D32 variants disrupt retinal ciliogenesis and cause retinitis pigmentosa. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169426. [PMID: 37768732 PMCID: PMC10721274 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal disease (IRD) and is characterized by photoreceptor degeneration and progressive vision loss. We report 4 patients presenting with RP from 3 unrelated families with variants in TBC1D32, which to date has never been associated with an IRD. To validate TBC1D32 as a putative RP causative gene, we combined Xenopus in vivo approaches and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) retinal models. Our data showed that TBC1D32 was expressed during retinal development and that it played an important role in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiation. Furthermore, we identified a role for TBC1D32 in ciliogenesis of the RPE. We demonstrated elongated ciliary defects that resulted in disrupted apical tight junctions, loss of functionality (delayed retinoid cycling and altered secretion balance), and the onset of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like phenotype. Last, our results suggested photoreceptor differentiation defects, including connecting cilium anomalies, that resulted in impaired trafficking to the outer segment in cones and rods in TBC1D32 iPSC-derived retinal organoids. Overall, our data highlight a critical role for TBC1D32 in the retina and demonstrate that TBC1D32 mutations lead to RP. We thus identify TBC1D32 as an IRD-causative gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Bocquet
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Borday
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Nejla Erkilic
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Daria Mamaeva
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Alicia Donval
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Christel Masson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Karine Parain
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Karolina Kaminska
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Quinodoz
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Perea-Romero
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Garcia-Garcia
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit of Rare Diseases, IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Jimenez-Medina
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Hassan Boukhaddaoui
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Arthur Coget
- Department of Neuroradiology and
- Institute for Human Functional Imaging (I2FH), University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giacomo Calzetti
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine and Surgery
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Bozzetti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Hendrik P.N. Scholl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Millan
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular, Cellular and Genomics Biomedicine Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit of Rare Diseases, IIS La Fe-Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlo Rivolta
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel (IOB), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Meunier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
- National Reference Centre for Inherited Sensory Diseases, University of Montpellier, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Vasiliki Kalatzis
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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5
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Parain K, Donval A, Chesneau A, Lun JX, Borday C, Perron M. Generating Retinal Injury Models in Xenopus Tadpoles. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37902314 DOI: 10.3791/65771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal neurodegenerative diseases are the leading causes of blindness. Among numerous therapeutic strategies being explored, stimulating self-repair recently emerged as particularly appealing. A cellular source of interest for retinal repair is the Müller glial cell, which harbors stem cell potential and an extraordinary regenerative capacity in anamniotes. This potential is, however, very limited in mammals. Studying the molecular mechanisms underlying retinal regeneration in animal models with regenerative capabilities should provide insights into how to unlock the latent ability of mammalian Müller cells to regenerate the retina. This is a key step for the development of therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. To this aim, we developed several retinal injury paradigms in Xenopus: a mechanical retinal injury, a transgenic line allowing for nitroreductase-mediated photoreceptor conditional ablation, a retinitis pigmentosa model based on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated rhodopsin knockout, and a cytotoxic model driven by intraocular CoCl2 injections. Highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, we describe here this series of protocols that generate various degenerative conditions and allow the study of retinal regeneration in Xenopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Parain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Alicia Donval
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Albert Chesneau
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Jing Xian Lun
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Caroline Borday
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay;
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay;
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6
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Hottin C, Perron M, Roger JE. GSK3 Is a Central Player in Retinal Degenerative Diseases but a Challenging Therapeutic Target. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182898. [PMID: 36139472 PMCID: PMC9496697 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a key regulator of many cellular signaling processes and performs a wide range of biological functions in the nervous system. Due to its central role in numerous cellular processes involved in cell degeneration, a rising number of studies have highlighted the interest in developing therapeutics targeting GSK3 to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although recent works strongly suggest that inhibiting GSK3 might also be a promising therapeutic approach for retinal degenerative diseases, its full potential is still under-evaluated. In this review, we summarize the literature on the role of GSK3 on the main cellular functions reported as deregulated during retinal degeneration, such as glucose homeostasis which is critical for photoreceptor survival, or oxidative stress, a major component of retinal degeneration. We also discuss the interest in targeting GSK3 for its beneficial effects on inflammation, for reducing neovascularization that occurs in some retinal dystrophies, or for cell-based therapy by enhancing Müller glia cell proliferation in diseased retina. Together, although GSK3 inhibitors hold promise as therapeutic agents, we highlight the complexity of targeting such a multitasked kinase and the need to increase our knowledge of the impact of reducing GSK3 activity on these multiple cellular pathways and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hottin
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
| | - Jérôme E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France
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7
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Meléndez García R, Haccard O, Chesneau A, Narassimprakash H, Roger J, Perron M, Marheineke K, Bronchain O. A non-transcriptional function of Yap regulates the DNA replication program. eLife 2022; 11:75741. [PMID: 35838349 PMCID: PMC9328763 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In multicellular eukaryotic organisms, the initiation of DNA replication occurs asynchronously throughout S-phase according to a regulated replication timing program. Here, using Xenopus egg extracts, we showed that Yap (Yes-associated protein 1), a downstream effector of the Hippo signalling pathway, is required for the control of DNA replication dynamics. We found that Yap is recruited to chromatin at the start of DNA replication and identified Rif1, a major regulator of the DNA replication timing program, as a novel Yap binding protein. Furthermore, we show that either Yap or Rif1 depletion accelerates DNA replication dynamics by increasing the number of activated replication origins. In Xenopus embryos, using a Trim-Away approach during cleavage stages devoid of transcription, we found that either Yap or Rif1 depletion triggers an acceleration of cell divisions, suggesting a shorter S-phase by alterations of the replication program. Finally, our data show that Rif1 knockdown leads to defects in the partitioning of early versus late replication foci in retinal stem cells, as we previously showed for Yap. Altogether, our findings unveil a non-transcriptional role for Yap in regulating replication dynamics. We propose that Yap and Rif1 function as brakes to control the DNA replication program in early embryos and post-embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Haccard
- Genome Biology, CNRS, CEA, University Paris Sud, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Jérôme Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Saclay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Saclay, France
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8
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Mounié M, Costa N, Gourdy P, Latorre C, Schirr-Bonnans S, Lagarrigue JM, Roussel H, Martini J, Buisson JC, Chauchard MC, Delaunay J, Taoui S, Poncet MF, Cosma V, Lablanche S, Coustols-Valat M, Chaillous L, Thivolet C, Sanz C, Penfornis A, Lepage B, Colineaux H, Hanaire H, Molinier L, Turnin MC, Benhamou PY, Rodier M, Ayon F, Puel-Olivier F, Fontaine S, Perron M, Arrivié J, Cousty-Pech F, Rouby C, Lafon F, Moura I. Correction to: Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of a Remote Monitoring Programme Including Lifestyle Education Software in Type 2 Diabetes: Results of the Educ@dom Study. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1131-1132. [PMID: 35316510 PMCID: PMC9076765 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mounié
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nadège Costa
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 INSERM/UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Latorre
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Solène Schirr-Bonnans
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Henri Roussel
- CNAM, DRSM Occitanie, 2 rue Georges Vivent, 31082, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Martini
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- DIAMIP Network, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Marie-Christine Chauchard
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- DIAMIP Network, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacqueline Delaunay
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Soumia Taoui
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alfred Penfornis
- Sud Francilien Hospital, Corbeil-Essonnes, and Paris-Saclay University, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Benoît Lepage
- Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Colineaux
- Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Hanaire
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 INSERM/UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Molinier
- Health-Economic Unit, Medical Information Department, University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- CERPOP, INSERM - University Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Christine Turnin
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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9
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Dupuis F, Perreault K, Hébert LJ, Perron M, Fredette MA, Desmeules F, Roy JS. Group-based exercice training programs for military members presenting musculoskeletal disorders - protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:366. [PMID: 35436907 PMCID: PMC9016952 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and the most prevalent source of disability among soldiers. Their high prevalence in armed forces and limited ressources have led to problems related to access to physical rehabilitation care. To increase access, supervised group-based exercise programs for the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders (low back pain, patellofemoral pain, rotator cuff-related shoulder pain or lateral ankle sprain) have been developed at a Canadian Armed forces (CAF) base, but their effectiveness has not been evaluated. The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the mid- and long-term effects of these group-based training programs on pain severity and functional limitations, in comparison with usual individual physiotherapy care. Secondary objectives include comparing both interventions in terms of health-related quality of life, pain-related fear, and patients' satisfaction. METHODS One hundred and twenty soldiers with a new medical referral for physiotherapy services for one of the four targeted musculoskeletal disorders will be consecutively recruited. They will be randomly assigned to either group-based training program or usual individual physiotherapy care, and will take part in the assigned 12-week intervention. There will be four evaluation sessions over 26 weeks (baseline, week 6, 12 and 26). At each follow-up, functional limitations, pain severity, health-related quality of life and pain-related fears will be assessed. Patients satisfaction with treatment will also be evaluated at the end of the intervention period. Either two-way repeated measures ANOVA will be used to analyse and compare the effects of the interventions. DISCUSSION This RCT will determine the effectiveness of group-based training programs compared to usual individual physiotherapy care. This new intervention model could represent an efficient, and more pro-active approach to manage a higher number of soldiers with musculoskeletal disorders. It could improve access to physical rehabilitation care and improve the health of soldiers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT05235152 ), February 11th 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dupuis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - K Perreault
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - L J Hébert
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de radiologie et médecine nucléaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Armed Forces, BFC USS Valcartier, Québec, Canada
| | - M Perron
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Maj A Fredette
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec, Canada
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Canadian Armed Forces, BFC USS Valcartier, Québec, Canada
| | - F Desmeules
- École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CRHMR), Montréal, Canada
| | - J S Roy
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec, Canada.
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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Masson C, García-García D, Bitard J, Grellier ÉK, Roger JE, Perron M. Yap haploinsufficiency leads to Müller cell dysfunction and late-onset cone dystrophy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:631. [PMID: 32801350 PMCID: PMC7429854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signalling regulates eye growth during embryogenesis through its effectors YAP and TAZ. Taking advantage of a Yap heterozygous mouse line, we here sought to examine its function in adult neural retina, where YAP expression is restricted to Müller glia. We first discovered an unexpected temporal dynamic of gene compensation. At postnatal stages, Taz upregulation occurs, leading to a gain of function-like phenotype characterised by EGFR signalling potentiation and delayed cell-cycle exit of retinal progenitors. In contrast, Yap+/- adult retinas no longer exhibit TAZ-dependent dosage compensation. In this context, Yap haploinsufficiency in aged individuals results in Müller glia dysfunction, late-onset cone degeneration, and reduced cone-mediated visual response. Alteration of glial homeostasis and altered patterns of cone opsins were also observed in Müller cell-specific conditional Yap-knockout aged mice. Together, this study highlights a novel YAP function in Müller cells for the maintenance of retinal tissue homeostasis and the preservation of cone integrity. It also suggests that YAP haploinsufficiency should be considered and explored as a cause of cone dystrophies in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Masson
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France.
| | - Diana García-García
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Juliette Bitard
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Élodie-Kim Grellier
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jérôme E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France.
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France.
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11
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García-García D, Locker M, Perron M. Update on Müller glia regenerative potential for retinal repair. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 64:52-59. [PMID: 32619816 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinal regeneration efficiency from Müller glia varies tremendously among vertebrate species, being extremely limited in mammals. Efforts towards the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying Müller cell proliferative and neurogenic potential should help finding strategies to awake them and ensure regeneration in mammals. We provide here an update on the most recent and original progresses made in the field. These include remarkable discoveries regarding (i) unprecedented cross-species comparison of Müller cell transcriptome using single-cell technologies, (ii) the identification of new strategies to promote both the proliferative and the neurogenic potential of mammalian Müller cells, (iii) the role of the epigenome in regulating Müller glia plasticity, (iv) miRNA-based regulatory mechanisms of Müller cell response to injury, and (v) the influence of inflammatory signals on the regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana García-García
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Retina France, Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Morgane Locker
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Retina France, Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Retina France, Institut des Neurosciences Paris Saclay, Orsay, France.
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12
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Abstract
Cell cycle progression is intimately linked to cell fate commitment during development. In addition, adult stem cells show specific proliferative behaviors compared to progenitors. Exploring cell cycle dynamics and regulation is therefore of utmost importance, but constitutes a great challenge in vivo. Here we provide a protocol for evaluating in vivo the length of all cell cycle phases of neural stem and progenitor cells in the post-embryonic Xenopus retina. These cells are localized in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ), a peripheral region of the retina that sustains continuous neurogenesis throughout the animal's life. The CMZ bears two tremendous advantages for cell cycle kinetics analyses. First, this region, where proliferative cells are sequestered, can be easily delineated. Second, the spatial organization of the CMZ mirrors the temporal sequence of retinal development, allowing for topological distinction between retinal stem cells (residing in the most peripheral margin), and amplifying progenitors (located more centrally). We describe herein how to determine CMZ cell cycle parameters using a combination of (i) a cumulative labeling assay, (ii) the percentage of labeled mitosis calculation, and (iii) the mitotic index measurement. Taken together, these techniques allow us to estimate total cell cycle length (TC) as well as the duration of all cell cycle phases (TS/G2/M/G1). Although the method presented here was adapted to the particular system of the CMZ, it should be applicable to other tissues and developmental stages as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Locker
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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13
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Hamon A, García-García D, Ail D, Bitard J, Chesneau A, Dalkara D, Locker M, Roger JE, Perron M. Linking YAP to Müller Glia Quiescence Exit in the Degenerative Retina. Cell Rep 2019; 27:1712-1725.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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14
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May R, Masden EA, Bennet F, Perron M. Considerations for upscaling individual effects of wind energy development towards population-level impacts on wildlife. J Environ Manage 2019; 230:84-93. [PMID: 30273787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of wind energy poses challenges to policy- and decision-makers to address conflicts with wildlife. Conflicts are associated with impacts of existing and planned projects on wildlife, and associated difficulties of prediction where impacts are subject to considerable uncertainty. Many post-construction studies have demonstrated adverse effects on individuals of various bird and bat species. These effects may come in the form of collision-induced mortality or behavioral or physiological changes reducing the fitness of individuals exposed to wind energy facilities. Upscaling these individual effects to population impacts provides information on the true value of interest from a conservation point of view. This paper identifies methodological issues associated when moving from individual effects to population impacts in the context of wind energy. Distinct methodological approaches to predict population impacts are described using published case studies. The various choices of study design and metrics available to detect significant changes at the population level are further assessed based on these. Ways to derive impact thresholds relevant for decision-making are discussed in detail. Robust monitoring schemes and sophisticated modelling techniques may inevitably be unable to describe the whole complexity of wind and wildlife interactions and the natural variability of animal populations. Still, they will provide an improved understanding of the response of wildlife to wind energy and better-informed policies to support risk-based decision-making. Policies that support the use of adaptive management will promote assessments at the population level. Providing information to adequately balance the development of wind energy with the persistence of wildlife populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R May
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box 5685 Sluppen, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - E A Masden
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College-UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Ormlie Road, Thurso, Caithness KW14 7EE, UK
| | - F Bennet
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - M Perron
- Nateco AG, Sissacherstrasse 20, CH-4460 Gelterkinden, Switzerland
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15
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Murphy BG, Perron M, Murakami E, Bauer K, Park Y, Eckstrand C, Liepnieks M, Pedersen NC. The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:226-233. [PMID: 29778200 PMCID: PMC7117434 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
GS-441524 inhibited replication of serotype II FIP virus (FIPV) in CRFK cell cultures at an EC50 of approximately 1 uM and no toxicity at 100 uM. GS-441524 inhibited wildtype FIPV replication in macrophage cultures from ascitic fluid of two cats with naturally occurring FIP. GS-441525 is triphosphorylated by CRFK cells in vitro and PBMC in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies in laboratory cats demonstrated effective blood levels over 24 h after a single dose of 5 mg/kg SC or IV. Severe experimental effusive FIP was successfully treated with 2 or 5 mg/kg GS-441524 SC q24 h for two weeks.
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and highly lethal coronavirus disease of domestic cats. Recent studies of diseases caused by several RNA viruses in people and other species indicate that antiviral therapy may be effective against FIP in cats. The small molecule nucleoside analog GS-441524 is a molecular precursor to a pharmacologically active nucleoside triphosphate molecule. These analogs act as an alternative substrate and RNA-chain terminator of viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase. We determined that GS-441524 was non-toxic in feline cells at concentrations as high as 100 uM and effectively inhibited FIPV replication in cultured CRFK cells and in naturally infected feline peritoneal macrophages at concentrations as low as 1 uM. We determined the pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 in cats in vivo and established a dosage that would sustain effective blood levels for 24 h. In an experimental FIPV infection of cats, GS-441524 treatment caused a rapid reversal of disease signs and return to normality with as little as two weeks of treatment in 10/10 cats and with no apparent toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Perron
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - K Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Y Park
- Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - C Eckstrand
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M Liepnieks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - N C Pedersen
- Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA.
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16
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Borday C, Parain K, Thi Tran H, Vleminckx K, Perron M, Monsoro-Burq AH. An atlas of Wnt activity during embryogenesis in Xenopus tropicalis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193606. [PMID: 29672592 PMCID: PMC5908154 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins form a family of highly conserved secreted molecules that are critical mediators of cell-cell signaling during embryogenesis. Partial data on Wnt activity in different tissues and at different stages have been reported in frog embryos. Our objective here is to provide a coherent and detailed description of Wnt activity throughout embryo development. Using a transgenic Xenopus tropicalis line carrying a Wnt-responsive reporter sequence, we depict the spatial and temporal dynamics of canonical Wnt activity during embryogenesis. We provide a comprehensive series of in situ hybridization in whole-mount embryos and in cross-sections, from gastrula to tadpole stages, with special focus on neural tube, retina and neural crest cell development. This collection of patterns will thus constitute a valuable resource for developmental biologists to picture the dynamics of Wnt activity during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Borday
- CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Karine Parain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Hong Thi Tran
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Vleminckx
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- * E-mail: (MP); (AHMB)
| | - Anne H. Monsoro-Burq
- CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire, Orsay, France
- Institut Curie Research Division, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3347, INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (MP); (AHMB)
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17
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Abstract
Xenopus is an attractive model system for regeneration studies, as it exhibits an extraordinary regenerative capacity compared to mammals. It is commonly used to study body part regeneration following amputation, for instance of the limb, the tail, or the retina. Models with more subtle injuries are also needed for human degenerative disease modeling, allowing for the study of stem cell recruitment for the regeneration of a given cellular subtype. We present here a model to ablate photoreceptor cells in the Xenopus retina. This method is based on the nitroreductase/metronidazole (NTR/MTZ) system, a combination of chemical and genetic tools, allowing for the conditional ablation of targeted cells. This type of approach establishes Xenopus as a powerful model to study cellular regeneration and stem cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Chesneau
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, France.
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18
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Clisson M, Annabi M, Hervault M, Shen M, Perron M, Boilard A, Tastet L, Clavel M. SEX DIFFERENCES IN AORTIC STENOSIS: INSIGHT FROM DYSLIPIDEMIC AND DIABETIC MOUSE MODEL. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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19
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Bessodes N, Parain K, Bronchain O, Bellefroid EJ, Perron M. Prdm13 forms a feedback loop with Ptf1a and is required for glycinergic amacrine cell genesis in the Xenopus Retina. Neural Dev 2017; 12:16. [PMID: 28863786 PMCID: PMC5580440 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-017-0093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amacrine interneurons that modulate synaptic plasticity between bipolar and ganglion cells constitute the most diverse cell type in the retina. Most are inhibitory neurons using either GABA or glycine as neurotransmitters. Although several transcription factors involved in amacrine cell fate determination have been identified, mechanisms underlying amacrine cell subtype specification remain to be further understood. The Prdm13 histone methyltransferase encoding gene is a target of the transcription factor Ptf1a, an essential regulator of inhibitory neuron cell fate in the retina. Here, we have deepened our knowledge on its interaction with Ptf1a and investigated its role in amacrine cell subtype determination in the developing Xenopus retina. Methods We performed prdm13 gain and loss of function in Xenopus and assessed the impact on retinal cell fate determination using RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that prdm13 in the amphibian Xenopus is expressed in few retinal progenitors and in about 40% of mature amacrine cells, predominantly in glycinergic ones. Clonal analysis in the retina reveals that prdm13 overexpression favours amacrine cell fate determination, with a bias towards glycinergic cells. Conversely, knockdown of prdm13 specifically inhibits glycinergic amacrine cell genesis. We also showed that, as in the neural tube, prdm13 is subjected to a negative autoregulation in the retina. Our data suggest that this is likely due to its ability to repress the expression of its inducer, ptf1a. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that Prdm13, downstream of Ptf1a, acts as an important regulator of glycinergic amacrine subtype specification in the Xenopus retina. We also reveal that Prdm13 regulates ptf1a expression through a negative feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bessodes
- ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.,Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197- Neuro-PSI, Bat. 445, 91405, ORSAY Cedex, France
| | - Karine Parain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197- Neuro-PSI, Bat. 445, 91405, ORSAY Cedex, France
| | - Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197- Neuro-PSI, Bat. 445, 91405, ORSAY Cedex, France
| | - Eric J Bellefroid
- ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197- Neuro-PSI, Bat. 445, 91405, ORSAY Cedex, France. .,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France.
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20
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Hamon A, Masson C, Bitard J, Gieser L, Roger JE, Perron M. Retinal Degeneration Triggers the Activation of YAP/TEAD in Reactive Müller Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1941-1953. [PMID: 28384715 PMCID: PMC6024660 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose During retinal degeneration, Müller glia cells respond to photoreceptor loss by undergoing reactive gliosis, with both detrimental and beneficial effects. Increasing our knowledge of the complex molecular response of Müller cells to retinal degeneration is thus essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this work was to identify new factors involved in Müller cell response to photoreceptor cell death. Methods Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed from wild-type and degenerating rd10 mouse retinas at P30. The changes in mRNA abundance for several differentially expressed genes were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR). Protein expression level and retinal cellular localization were determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Pathway-level analysis from whole transcriptomic data revealed the Hippo/YAP pathway as one of the main signaling pathways altered in response to photoreceptor degeneration in rd10 retinas. We found that downstream effectors of this pathway, YAP and TEAD1, are specifically expressed in Müller cells and that their expression, at both the mRNA and protein levels, is increased in rd10 reactive Müller glia after the onset of photoreceptor degeneration. The expression of Ctgf and Cyr61, two target genes of the transcriptional YAP/TEAD complex, is also upregulated following photoreceptor loss. Conclusions This work reveals for the first time that YAP and TEAD1, key downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, are specifically expressed in Müller cells. We also uncovered a deregulation of the expression and activity of Hippo/YAP pathway components in reactive Müller cells under pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Hamon
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Christel Masson
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Juliette Bitard
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Linn Gieser
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jérôme E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France 2Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
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21
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Langhe R, Chesneau A, Colozza G, Hidalgo M, Ail D, Locker M, Perron M. Müller glial cell reactivation in Xenopus models of retinal degeneration. Glia 2017; 65:1333-1349. [PMID: 28548249 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A striking aspect of tissue regeneration is its uneven distribution among different animal classes, both in terms of modalities and efficiency. The retina does not escape the rule, exhibiting extraordinary self-repair properties in anamniote species but extremely limited ones in mammals. Among cellular sources prone to contribute to retinal regeneration are Müller glial cells, which in teleosts have been known for a decade to re-acquire a stem/progenitor state and regenerate retinal neurons following injury. As their regenerative potential was hitherto unexplored in amphibians, we tackled this issue using two Xenopus retinal injury paradigms we implemented: a mechanical needle poke injury and a transgenic model allowing for conditional photoreceptor cell ablation. These models revealed that Müller cells are indeed able to proliferate and replace lost cells following damage/degeneration in the retina. Interestingly, the extent of cell cycle re-entry appears dependent on the age of the animal, with a refractory period in early tadpole stages. Our findings pave the way for future studies aimed at identifying the molecular cues that either sustain or constrain the recruitment of Müller glia, an issue of utmost importance to set up therapeutic strategies for eye regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Langhe
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Albert Chesneau
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Gabriele Colozza
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Magdalena Hidalgo
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Divya Ail
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Morgane Locker
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, 91405, France
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22
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Schietroma C, Parain K, Estivalet A, Aghaie A, Boutet de Monvel J, Picaud S, Sahel JA, Perron M, El-Amraoui A, Petit C. Usher syndrome type 1-associated cadherins shape the photoreceptor outer segment. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1849-1864. [PMID: 28495838 PMCID: PMC5461027 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201612030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) causes combined hearing and sight defects, but USH1 protein function in the retina is unclear. Schietroma et al. use Xenopus to model the deficiency in two USH1 proteins—protocadherin-15 and cadherin-23—and identify crucial roles for these molecules in shaping the photoreceptor outer segment. Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1) causes combined hearing and sight defects, but how mutations in USH1 genes lead to retinal dystrophy in patients remains elusive. The USH1 protein complex is associated with calyceal processes, which are microvilli of unknown function surrounding the base of the photoreceptor outer segment. We show that in Xenopus tropicalis, these processes are connected to the outer-segment membrane by links composed of protocadherin-15 (USH1F protein). Protocadherin-15 deficiency, obtained by a knockdown approach, leads to impaired photoreceptor function and abnormally shaped photoreceptor outer segments. Rod basal outer disks displayed excessive outgrowth, and cone outer segments were curved, with lamellae of heterogeneous sizes, defects also observed upon knockdown of Cdh23, encoding cadherin-23 (USH1D protein). The calyceal processes were virtually absent in cones and displayed markedly reduced F-actin content in rods, suggesting that protocadherin-15–containing links are essential for their development and/or maintenance. We propose that calyceal processes, together with their associated links, control the sizing of rod disks and cone lamellae throughout their daily renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Schietroma
- Institut Pasteur, Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMRS 1120, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris, Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France.,Syndrome de Usher et Autres Atteintes Rétino-Cochléaires, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Karine Parain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Amrit Estivalet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMRS 1120, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris, Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France.,Syndrome de Usher et Autres Atteintes Rétino-Cochléaires, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Asadollah Aghaie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMRS 1120, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris, Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France.,Syndrome de Usher et Autres Atteintes Rétino-Cochléaires, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Jacques Boutet de Monvel
- Institut Pasteur, Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMRS 1120, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris, Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris, Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France.,Retinal information processing - Pharmacology and Pathology, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris, Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France.,Retinal information processing - Pharmacology and Pathology, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, 94405 Orsay, France
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Institut Pasteur, Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, 75015 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMRS 1120, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris, Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Petit
- Institut Pasteur, Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, 75015 Paris, France .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-UMRS 1120, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris, Complexité du Vivant, 75005 Paris, France.,Syndrome de Usher et Autres Atteintes Rétino-Cochléaires, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France.,Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Retinal degenerative diseases have immense socio-economic impact. Studying animal models that recapitulate human eye pathologies aids in understanding the pathogenesis of diseases and allows for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies. Some non-mammalian species are known to have remarkable regenerative abilities and may provide the basis to develop strategies to stimulate self-repair in patients suffering from these retinal diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Non-mammalian organisms, such as zebrafish and Xenopus, have become attractive model systems to study retinal diseases. Additionally, many fish and amphibian models of retinal cell ablation and cell lineage analysis have been developed to study regeneration. These investigations highlighted several cellular sources for retinal repair in different fish and amphibian species. Moreover, major differences in repair mechanisms have been reported in these animal models. SUMMARY This review aims to emphasize first on the importance of zebrafish and Xenopus models in studying the pathogenesis of retinal diseases and, second, on the different modes of regeneration processes in these model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ail
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Centre d’Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
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24
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Hamon A, Roger JE, Yang XJ, Perron M. Müller glial cell-dependent regeneration of the neural retina: An overview across vertebrate model systems. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:727-38. [PMID: 26661417 PMCID: PMC4900950 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal dystrophies are a major cause of blindness for which there are currently no curative treatments. Transplantation of stem cell‐derived neuronal progenitors to replace lost cells has been widely investigated as a therapeutic option. Another promising strategy would be to trigger self‐repair mechanisms in patients, through the recruitment of endogenous cells with stemness properties. Accumulating evidence in the past 15 year0s has revealed that several retinal cell types possess neurogenic potential, thus opening new avenues for regenerative medicine. Among them, Müller glial cells have been shown to be able to undergo a reprogramming process to re‐acquire a stem/progenitor state, allowing them to proliferate and generate new neurons for repair following retinal damages. Although Müller cell–dependent spontaneous regeneration is remarkable in some species such as the fish, it is extremely limited and ineffective in mammals. Understanding the cellular events and molecular mechanisms underlying Müller cell activities in species endowed with regenerative capacities could provide knowledge to unlock the restricted potential of their mammalian counterparts. In this context, the present review provides an overview of Müller cell responses to injury across vertebrate model systems and summarizes recent advances in this rapidly evolving field. Developmental Dynamics 245:727–738, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The present review provides an overview of Müller cell responses to injury across vertebrate model systems and summarizes recent advances in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaïg Hamon
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France
| | - Xian-Jie Yang
- Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Thérapeutique en Ophtalmologie, Retina France, Orsay, France.,Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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25
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Van Woudenberg M, Abrahamowicz M, Leonard G, Perron M, Richer L, Veillette S, Gaudet D, Paus T, Pausova Z. Visceral fat enhances blood pressure reactivity to physical but not mental challenges in male adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:395-402. [PMID: 26364941 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess visceral fat is a major risk factor for hypertension. Enhanced blood pressure (BP) reactivity and delayed BP recovery from physical and mental challenges predict future hypertension. OBJECTIVES Determine whether visceral fat is associated with higher BP reactivity and delayed BP recovery from physical and mental challenges during adolescence. METHODS In a community-based sample of 283 male and 308 female adolescents, we measured visceral fat with magnetic resonance imaging, total body fat with bioimpedance, and beat-by-beat BP with a Finometer at rest and during physical (10-min standing) and mental (2-min math stress) challenges. RESULTS Males vs. females showed greater BP reactivity and no differences in BP recovery from either type of challenges. Visceral fat was positively associated with BP reactivity to standing up only and in males only (+8.4 ± 3.6 mmHg per 1 log cm(3) of visceral fat, P = 0.008), and this association was independent of total body fat. No association was seen between visceral fat and BP recovery from either type of challenge in either sex. All these associations were independent of age, puberty stage, height and initial BP. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent males vs. females demonstrate greater BP reactivity but similar BP recovery from physical and mental challenges. Excess visceral fat enhances BP reactivity to physical but not mental challenges in males only.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Woudenberg
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Abrahamowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - G Leonard
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Perron
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - L Richer
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - S Veillette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - D Gaudet
- Community Genomic Centre, Université de Montréal, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - T Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Cabochette P, Vega-Lopez G, Bitard J, Parain K, Chemouny R, Masson C, Borday C, Hedderich M, Henningfeld KA, Locker M, Bronchain O, Perron M. YAP controls retinal stem cell DNA replication timing and genomic stability. eLife 2015; 4:e08488. [PMID: 26393999 PMCID: PMC4578106 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult frog retina retains a reservoir of active neural stem cells that contribute to continuous eye growth throughout life. We found that Yap, a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, is specifically expressed in these stem cells. Yap knock-down leads to an accelerated S-phase and an abnormal progression of DNA replication, a phenotype likely mediated by upregulation of c-Myc. This is associated with an increased occurrence of DNA damage and eventually p53-p21 pathway-mediated cell death. Finally, we identified PKNOX1, a transcription factor involved in the maintenance of genomic stability, as a functional and physical interactant of YAP. Altogether, we propose that YAP is required in adult retinal stem cells to regulate the temporal firing of replication origins and quality control of replicated DNA. Our data reinforce the view that specific mechanisms dedicated to S-phase control are at work in stem cells to protect them from genomic instability. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08488.001 In animals, stem cells divide to produce the new cells needed to grow and renew tissues and organs. Understanding the biology of these cells is of the utmost importance for developing new treatments for a wide range of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Before a stem cell divides, it copies its DNA and the two sets of genetic instructions are then separated so that the two daughter cells both have a complete set. This process needs to be as accurate as possible because any errors would result in incorrect genetic information being passed on to the daughter cells. Stem cells in the light-sensitive part of the eye—called the retina—divide to produce the cells that detect light and relay visual information to the brain. In many animals, these stem cells stop dividing soon after birth and the retina stops growing. However, the stem cells in frogs and fish continue to divide throughout the life of the animal, which enables the eye to keep on growing. A protein called YAP regulates the growth of organs in animal embryos, but it is not clear what role this protein plays in stem cells, particularly after birth. To address this question, Cabochette et al. studied YAP in the retina of frog tadpoles. The experiments show that YAP is produced in the stem cells of the retina after birth and is required for the retina to continue to grow. Cabochette et al. used tools called ‘photo-cleavable Morpholinos’ to alter the production of YAP in adult stem cells. The cells that produced less YAP copied their DNA more quickly and more of their DNA became damaged, which eventually led to the death of these cells. Further experiments revealed that YAP interacts with a protein called PKNOX1, which is involved in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Cabochette et al.'s findings provide the first insights into how YAP works in the stem cells of the retina and demonstrate that it plays a crucial role in regulating when DNA is copied. A future challenge is to find out whether YAP plays a similar role in the stem cells of other organs in adult animals. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08488.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Cabochette
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Guillermo Vega-Lopez
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Juliette Bitard
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Karine Parain
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Romain Chemouny
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Christel Masson
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Caroline Borday
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Hedderich
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristine A Henningfeld
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Institute of Developmental Biochemistry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Morgane Locker
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Odile Bronchain
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Muriel Perron
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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27
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Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway regulates proliferation in a variety of tissues, however its specific effects on the cell cycle are unclear. During retinal proliferation in particular, the role of Hh has been controversial, with studies variably suggesting a stimulatory or an inhibitory effect on proliferation. Our recent data provide an underlying mechanism, which reconciles these different views. We showed that Hh signaling in the retina accelerates the G(1) and G(2) phases of the cell cycle and then pushes these rapidly dividing cells out of the cell cycle prematurely. From this and other evidence, we propose that Hh converts quiescent retinal stem cells into fast-cycling transient amplifying progenitors that are closer to cell cycle exit and differentiation. This is, we suggest, likely to be a general role of Hh in the nervous system and other tissues. This function of Hh in cell cycle kinetics and cell cycle exit may have implications for tumorigenesis and brain evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Agathocleous
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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28
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Hidalgo M, Locker M, Chesneau A, Perron M. Stem Cells and Regeneration in the Xenopus Retina. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0787-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Hanotel J, Bessodes N, Thélie A, Hedderich M, Parain K, Van Driessche B, Brandão KDO, Kricha S, Jorgensen MC, Grapin-Botton A, Serup P, Van Lint C, Perron M, Pieler T, Henningfeld KA, Bellefroid EJ. The Prdm13 histone methyltransferase encoding gene is a Ptf1a-Rbpj downstream target that suppresses glutamatergic and promotes GABAergic neuronal fate in the dorsal neural tube. Dev Biol 2013; 386:340-57. [PMID: 24370451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcriptional activator Ptf1a determines inhibitory GABAergic over excitatory glutamatergic neuronal cell fate in progenitors of the vertebrate dorsal spinal cord, cerebellum and retina. In an in situ hybridization expression survey of PR domain containing genes encoding putative chromatin-remodeling zinc finger transcription factors in Xenopus embryos, we identified Prdm13 as a histone methyltransferase belonging to the Ptf1a synexpression group. Gain and loss of Ptf1a function analyses in both frog and mice indicates that Prdm13 is positively regulated by Ptf1a and likely constitutes a direct transcriptional target. We also showed that this regulation requires the formation of the Ptf1a-Rbp-j complex. Prdm13 knockdown in Xenopus embryos and in Ptf1a overexpressing ectodermal explants lead to an upregulation of Tlx3/Hox11L2, which specifies a glutamatergic lineage and a reduction of the GABAergic neuronal marker Pax2. It also leads to an upregulation of Prdm13 transcription, suggesting an autonegative regulation. Conversely, in animal caps, Prdm13 blocks the ability of the bHLH factor Neurog2 to activate Tlx3. Additional gain of function experiments in the chick neural tube confirm that Prdm13 suppresses Tlx3(+)/glutamatergic and induces Pax2(+)/GABAergic neuronal fate. Thus, Prdm13 is a novel crucial component of the Ptf1a regulatory pathway that, by modulating the transcriptional activity of bHLH factors such as Neurog2, controls the balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal fate in the dorsal and caudal part of the vertebrate neural tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hanotel
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, and ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bessodes
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, and ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Aurore Thélie
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, and ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Hedderich
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Karine Parain
- UPR CNRS 3294 Neurobiology and Development, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Benoit Van Driessche
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Karina De Oliveira Brandão
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, and ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sadia Kricha
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, and ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Mette C Jorgensen
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anne Grapin-Botton
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Palle Serup
- DanStem, University of Copenhagen, 3B Blegdamsvej, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muriel Perron
- UPR CNRS 3294 Neurobiology and Development, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Tomas Pieler
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristine A Henningfeld
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eric J Bellefroid
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, and ULB Neuroscience Institute, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
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30
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El Yakoubi W, Borday C, Hamdache J, Parain K, Tran HT, Vleminckx K, Perron M, Locker M. Hes4 controls proliferative properties of neural stem cells during retinal ontogenesis. Stem Cells 2013; 30:2784-95. [PMID: 22969013 PMCID: PMC3549485 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The retina of fish and amphibian contains genuine neural stem cells located at the most peripheral edge of the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). However, their cell-of-origin as well as the mechanisms that sustain their maintenance during development are presently unknown. We identified Hes4 (previously named XHairy2), a gene encoding a bHLH-O transcriptional repressor, as a stem cell-specific marker of the Xenopus CMZ that is positively regulated by the canonical Wnt pathway and negatively by Hedgehog signaling. We found that during retinogenesis, Hes4 labels a small territory, located first at the pigmented epithelium (RPE)/neural retina (NR) border and later in the retinal margin, that likely gives rise to adult retinal stem cells. We next addressed whether Hes4 might impart this cell subpopulation with retinal stem cell features: inhibited RPE or NR differentiation programs, continuous proliferation, and slow cell cycle speed. We could indeed show that Hes4 overexpression cell autonomously prevents retinal precursor cells from commitment toward retinal fates and maintains them in a proliferative state. Besides, our data highlight for the first time that Hes4 may also constitute a crucial regulator of cell cycle kinetics. Hes4 gain of function indeed significantly slows down cell division, mainly through the lengthening of G1 phase. As a whole, we propose that Hes4 maintains particular stemness features in a cellular cohort dedicated to constitute the adult retinal stem cell pool, by keeping it in an undifferentiated and slowly proliferative state along embryonic retinogenesis. Stem Cells 2012;30:2784–2795
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31
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Parain K, Mazurier N, Bronchain O, Borday C, Cabochette P, Chesneau A, Colozza G, El Yakoubi W, Hamdache J, Locker M, Gilchrist MJ, Pollet N, Perron M. A large scale screen for neural stem cell markers in Xenopus retina. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:491-506. [PMID: 22275214 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell research suffers from a lack of molecular markers to specifically assess stem or progenitor cell properties. The organization of the Xenopus ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) in the retina allows the spatial distinction of these two cell types: stem cells are confined to the most peripheral region, while progenitors are more central. Despite this clear advantage, very few genes specifically expressed in retinal stem cells have been discovered so far in this model. To gain insight into the molecular signature of these cells, we performed a large-scale expression screen in the Xenopus CMZ, establishing it as a model system for stem cell gene profiling. Eighteen genes expressed specifically in the CMZ stem cell compartment were retrieved and are discussed here. These encode various types of proteins, including factors associated with proliferation, mitotic spindle organization, DNA/RNA processing, and cell adhesion. In addition, the publication of this work in a special issue on Xenopus prompted us to give a more general illustration of the value of large-scale screens in this model species. Thus, beyond neural stem cell specific genes, we give a broader highlight of our screen outcome, describing in particular other retinal cell markers that we found. Finally, we present how these can all be easily retrieved through a novel module we developed in the web-based annotation tool XenMARK, and illustrate the potential of this powerful searchable database in the context of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Parain
- Neurobiology and Development Laboratory, CNRS UPR 3294, Univ Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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Abstract
Organogenesis is regulated by a complex network of intrinsic cues, diffusible signals and cell/cell or cell/matrix interactions that drive the cells of a prospective organ to differentiate and collectively organize in three dimensions. Generating organs in vitro from embryonic stem (ES) cells may provide a simplified system to decipher how these processes are orchestrated in time and space within particular and between neighboring tissues. Recently, this field of stem cell research has also gained considerable interest for its potential applications in regenerative medicine. Among human pathologies for which stem cell-based therapy is foreseen as a promising therapeutic strategy are many retinal degenerative diseases, like retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. Over the last decade, progress has been made in producing ES-derived retinal cells in vitro, but engineering entire synthetic retinas was considered beyond reach. Recently however, major breakthroughs have been achieved with pioneer works describing the extraordinary self-organization of murine and human ES cells into a three dimensional structure highly resembling a retina. ES-derived retinal cells indeed assemble to form a cohesive neuroepithelial sheet that is endowed with the intrinsic capacity to recapitulate, outside an embryonic environment, the main steps of retinal morphogenesis as observed in vivo. This represents a tremendous advance that should help resolving fundamental questions related to retinogenesis. Here, we will discuss these studies, and the potential applications of such stem cell-based systems for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Colozza
- Gabriele Colozza, Morgane Locker, Muriel Perron, Laboratory of Neurobiology and Development, UPR CNRS 3294, University Paris-Sud, 91405 ORSAY Cedex, France
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Borday C, Cabochette P, Parain K, Mazurier N, Janssens S, Tran HT, Sekkali B, Bronchain O, Vleminckx K, Locker M, Perron M. Antagonistic cross-regulation between Wnt and Hedgehog signalling pathways controls post-embryonic retinal proliferation. Development 2012; 139:3499-509. [PMID: 22899850 DOI: 10.1242/dev.079582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Continuous neurogenesis in the adult nervous system requires a delicate balance between proliferation and differentiation. Although Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signalling pathways are thought to share a mitogenic function in adult neural stem/progenitor cells, it remains unclear how they interact in this process. Adult amphibians produce retinal neurons from a pool of neural stem cells localised in the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). Surprisingly, we found that perturbations of the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways result in opposite proliferative outcomes of neural stem/progenitor cells in the CMZ. Additionally, our study revealed that Wnt and Hedgehog morphogens are produced in mutually exclusive territories of the post-embryonic retina. Using genetic and pharmacological tools, we found that the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways exhibit reciprocal inhibition. Our data suggest that Sfrp-1 and Gli3 contribute to this negative cross-regulation. Altogether, our results reveal an unexpected antagonistic interplay of Wnt and Hedgehog signals that may tightly regulate the extent of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the Xenopus retina.
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Pausova Z, Mahboubi A, Abrahamowicz M, Leonard G, Perron M, Richer L, Veillette S, Gaudet D, Paus T. Distinct contributions of peripheral and visceral fat to blood pressure in adolescent males and females. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Haghighi A, Mahboubi A, Abrahamowicz M, Leonard G, Perron M, Richer L, Veillette S, Gaudet D, Paus T, Pausova Z. Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking may increase the risk for obesity through fetal programming of energy and fat intake. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Melka M, Bernard M, Paterson A, Syme C, Abrahamowicz M, Lourdusamy A, Schumann G, Leonard G, Perron M, Richer L, Veillette S, Gaudet D, Paus T, Pausova Z. Genome-wide scan for genes of adolescent obesity and obesity-related high blood pressure. Can J Diabetes 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(11)52011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Laberge L, Prévost C, Perron M, Mathieu J, Auclair J, Gaudreault M, Richer L, Jean S, Veillette S. Clinical and genetic knowledge and attitudes of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Public Health Genomics 2010; 13:424-30. [PMID: 20689257 DOI: 10.1159/000316238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The goal was to assess clinical and genetic knowledge and attitudes in patients affected by myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). METHODS Two hundred patients with molecular confirmation of the diagnosis of DM1 completed a multi-choice questionnaire. DM1 patients' knowledge and views were compared to clinically normal DM1 noncarriers (n = 264) and controls (n = 1,474). RESULTS Knowledge of the DM1 mode of inheritance was better in noncarriers than in patients (p < 0.001). Noncarriers were more aware than DM1 patients of the common clinical characteristics of DM1 such as limitations in physical activities and problems related to employment, schooling, activities of daily living, parenthood, peer relationships, and personality (p < 0.001). Compared to controls, DM1 patients felt less informed about the availability of clinical genetic services (p < 0.05) and new genetic technologies (p < 0.001). Among patients, logistic regression revealed that each additional year of education (p < 0.05) and each additional 100 CTG repeats (p < 0.01), respectively, increased and decreased the odds of knowing the DM1 mode of inheritance by about 23% and 18% respectively, independently of age, age at onset of symptoms, gender, severity of muscular impairment, and intellectual quotient. CONCLUSIONS DM1 patients' genetic knowledge is significantly dependent of the level of education and the number of CTG repeats. Healthcare providers should be aware of this situation in order to adjust counselling and education accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Laberge
- ÉCOBES Recherche et Transfert, Cégep de Jonquière, Saguenay, Qué., Canada.
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Locker M, El Yakoubi W, Mazurier N, Dullin JP, Perron M. A decade of mammalian retinal stem cell research. Arch Ital Biol 2010; 148:59-72. [PMID: 20830969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ten years have now passed since the discovery of quiescent neural stem cells within the mammalian retina. Beside the fascinating aspect of stem cell biology in basic science, these cells have also offered hope for the treatment of incurable retinal diseases. The field has thus rapidly evolved, fluctuating between major advances and recurring doubts. In this review, we will retrace the efforts of scientists during this last decade to characterize these cells and to use them in regenerative medicine. We will also highlight advances made in animal models capable of stem cell-mediated retinal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Locker
- CNRS UPR 3294 Neurobiology and Development, Institut de Neurobiologie "A. Fessard", Université Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex, France
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Paus T, Nawaz-Khan I, Leonard G, Perron M, Pike GB, Pitiot A, Richer L, Susman E, Veillette S, Pausova Z. Sexual dimorphism in the adolescent brain: Role of testosterone and androgen receptor in global and local volumes of grey and white matter. Horm Behav 2010; 57:63-75. [PMID: 19703457 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we examined sex differences in the volumes of grey and white matter, and in grey-matter "density," in a group of typically developing adolescents participating in the Saguenay Youth Study (n=419; 12-18 years). In male adolescents, we also investigated the role of a functional polymorphism in androgen-receptor gene (AR) in moderating the effect of testosterone on volumes of grey and white matter and grey-matter density. Overall, both absolute and relative volumes of white matter were larger in male vs. females adolescents. The relative grey-matter volumes were slightly larger in female than male adolescents and so was the grey-matter density in a large number of cortical regions. In male adolescents, functional polymorphism of AR moderated the effect of testosterone on relative white- and grey-matter volumes. Following a discussion of several methodological and interpretational issues, we outline future directions in investigating brain-behavior relationships vis-à-vis psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Paus
- Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Lotfipour S, Leonard G, Perron M, Pike B, Richer L, Séguin JR, Toro R, Veillette S, Pausova Z, Paus T. Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking interacts with a polymorphism in the alpha6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene to influence drug use and striatum volume in adolescence. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:6-8. [PMID: 20029407 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gilchrist MJ, Christensen MB, Bronchain O, Brunet F, Chesneau A, Fenger U, Geach TJ, Ironfield HV, Kaya F, Kricha S, Lea R, Massé K, Néant I, Paillard E, Parain K, Perron M, Sinzelle L, Souopgui J, Thuret R, Ymlahi-Ouazzani Q, Pollet N. Database of queryable gene expression patterns for Xenopus. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:1379-88. [PMID: 19347954 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise localization of gene expression within the developing embryo, and how it changes over time, is one of the most important sources of information for elucidating gene function. As a searchable resource, this information has up until now been largely inaccessible to the Xenopus community. Here, we present a new database of Xenopus gene expression patterns, queryable by specific location or region in the embryo. Pattern matching can be driven either from an existing in situ image, or from a user-defined pattern based on development stage schematic diagrams. The data are derived from the work of a group of 21 Xenopus researchers over a period of 4 days. We used a novel, rapid manual annotation tool, XenMARK, which exploits the ability of the human brain to make the necessary distortions in transferring data from the in situ images to the standard schematic geometry. Developmental Dynamics 238:1379-1388, 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Dullin JP, Borday C, Locker M, Hamdache J, Parain K, Perron M. 17-P032 The role of the RNA-binding proteins Musashi in retinal stem cells. Mech Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Borday C, Parain K, Hamdache J, Locker M, Perron M. 14-P012 Interactions between canonical Wnt pathway and Hedgehog signalling in retinal stem/precursor cells. Mech Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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El yakoubi W, Locker M, Hamdache J, Parain K, Nichane M, Bellefroid E, Perron M. 14-P013 Implication of XHairy1/2 transcription factors in retinal stem cell maintenance. Mech Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2009.06.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lotfipour S, Ferguson E, Leonard G, Perron M, Pike B, Richer L, Séguin JR, Toro R, Veillette S, Pausova Z, Paus T. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Drug Use during Adolescence: Role of Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking and BDNF Genotype. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Locker M, Borday C, Perron M. Stemness or Not Stemness? Current Status and Perspectives of Adult Retinal Stem Cells. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2009; 4:118-30. [DOI: 10.2174/157488809788167382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Perrin JS, Leonard G, Perron M, Pike GB, Pitiot A, Richer L, Veillette S, Pausova Z, Paus T. Sex differences in the growth of white matter during adolescence. Neuroimage 2009; 45:1055-66. [PMID: 19349224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in the maturation of white matter during adolescence (12 to 18 years of age). We measured lobular volumes of white matter and white-matter "density" throughout the brain using T1-weighted images, and estimated the myelination index using magnetisation-transfer ratio (MTR). In male adolescents, we observed age-related increases in white-matter lobular volumes accompanied by decreases in the lobular values of white-matter MTR. White-matter density in the putative cortico-spinal tract (pCST) decreased with age. In female adolescents, on the other hand, we found only small age-related increase in white-matter volumes and no age-related changes in white-matter MTR, with the exception of the frontal lobe where MTR increased. White-matter density in the pCST also increased with age. These results suggest that sex-specific mechanisms may underlie the growth of white matter during adolescence. We speculate that these mechanisms involve primarily age-related increases in axonal calibre in males and increased myelination in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Perrin
- Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
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Kafouri S, Leonard G, Perron M, Richer L, Séguin JR, Veillette S, Pausova Z, Paus T. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and cognitive performance in adolescence. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 38:158-72. [PMID: 19039007 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyn250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cigarette smoking during pregnancy remains high. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is known to be associated with cognitive and behavioural sequelae in childhood and adolescence. We assessed the relationship between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and cognitive abilities in adolescent offspring (n = 503, 12- to 18-years old) using an extensive 6-h battery of tests. METHODS Non-exposed adolescents (controls) were matched to exposed adolescents (cases) by maternal education and school attended. Cognitive abilities were evaluated using a neuropsychological battery consisting of 33 tasks measuring verbal abilities, visuo-spatial skills, verbal and visual memory, processing speed, resistance to interference and motor dexterity. RESULTS We found no differences between cases and controls in any of the cognitive domains whether potential confounders were included in the model or not. In addition to maternal smoking during pregnancy, we also evaluated the effect of sex and age on the various cognitive abilities in this large adolescent sample and found that most of the abilities continue to improve during adolescence to the same extent in girls and boys, with several age-independent sex differences. CONCLUSIONS We found no effect of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy on cognitive abilities of the adolescent offspring when matching cases and controls by maternal education, the most common confounder of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kafouri
- Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Richards GS, Simionato E, Perron M, Adamska M, Vervoort M, Degnan BM. Sponge genes provide new insight into the evolutionary origin of the neurogenic circuit. Curr Biol 2008; 18:1156-61. [PMID: 18674909 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The nerve cell is a eumetazoan (cnidarians and bilaterians) synapomorphy [1]; this cell type is absent in sponges, a more ancient phyletic lineage. Here, we demonstrate that despite lacking neurons, the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica expresses the Notch-Delta signaling system and a proneural basic helix loop helix (bHLH) gene in a manner that resembles the conserved molecular mechanisms of primary neurogenesis in bilaterians. During Amphimedon development, a field of subepithelial cells expresses the Notch receptor, its ligand Delta, and a sponge bHLH gene, AmqbHLH1. Cells that migrate out of this field express AmqDelta1 and give rise to putative sensory cells that populate the larval epithelium. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that AmqbHLH1 is descendent from a single ancestral bHLH gene that later duplicated to produce the atonal/neurogenin-related bHLH gene families, which include most bilaterian proneural genes [2]. By way of functional studies in Xenopus and Drosophila, we demonstrate that AmqbHLH1 has a strong proneural activity in both species with properties displayed by both neurogenin and atonal genes. From these results, we infer that the bilaterian neurogenic circuit, comprising proneural atonal-related bHLH genes coupled with Notch-Delta signaling, was functional in the very first metazoans and was used to generate an ancient sensory cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma S Richards
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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