1
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Keane C, Hamad N, Barraclough A, Lee YY, Talaulikar D, Ku M, Wight J, Tatarczuch M, Swain F, Gregory GP. Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma: a Consensus Practice Statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance. Intern Med J 2021; 52:1624-1632. [PMID: 34927329 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a clinicopathological disease entity that accounts for 1 % of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Advanced patient age, adverse disease biology and complexities of diagnosis and treatment render outcomes markedly inferior to systemic NHL. Despite this, an increasing evidence base including limited randomised controlled clinical trial data is informing optimal therapeutic strategies with methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy schedules and intensified consolidation in selected patients. This practice statement represents an evidence-based review of the literature and has been devised to assist healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and management of this disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keane
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N Hamad
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Sydney, University of New South, UK
| | - A Barraclough
- Department of Haematology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y Y Lee
- Radiation Oncology, Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - D Talaulikar
- Department of Haematology, Canberra Hospital, ACT, Australia
| | - M Ku
- Department of Clinical Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Wight
- Department of Haematology, Townsville Hospital, Australia
| | - M Tatarczuch
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - F Swain
- Division of Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Australia
| | - G P Gregory
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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2
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Wight J, Hamad N, Campbell BA, Ku M, Lee K, Rose H, Armytage T, Latimer M, Lee HP, Lee ST, Dickinson M, Khor R, Verner E. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A consensus practice statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance. Intern Med J 2021; 52:1609-1623. [PMID: 34532916 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma subtype, accounting for 30-40% of lymphoma diagnoses. Though aggressive, cure is achievable in approximately 60% of cases with primary chemo-immunotherapy, and in a further substantial minority by salvage therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Despite promising activity in early phase clinical trials, no intensified or novel treatment regimen has improved outcomes over R-CHOP21 in randomised studies. However, there remain several areas of controversy including the most appropriate prognostic markers, CNS prophylaxis and the optimal treatment for patients with high-risk disease. This position statement presents an evidence-based synthesis of the literature for application in Australasian practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wight
- Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia.,Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - N Hamad
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Sydney, University of New South UK
| | - B A Campbell
- Department of Radiation oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria
| | - M Ku
- St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - K Lee
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Anatomical Pathology Department, NSW Health Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Rose
- University Hospital Geelong, Victoria.,School of Medicine, Deakin University Geelong, Victoria
| | - T Armytage
- Department of haematology, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South, UK
| | - M Latimer
- Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.,Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - H P Lee
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S T Lee
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - M Dickinson
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria
| | - R Khor
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - E Verner
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Hertzberg M, Ku M, Catalani O, Althaus B, Simko S, Gregory GP. A PHASE III TRIAL OF GLOFITAMAB PLUS GEMCITABINE AND OXALIPLATIN (GEMOX) VS RITUXIMAB PLUS GEMOX FOR RELAPSED/REFRACTORY DIFFUSE LARGE B‐CELL LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.165_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hertzberg
- Prince of Wales Hospital Department of Hematology Sydney Australia
| | - M. Ku
- St.Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Department of Haematology Melbourne Australia
| | - O. Catalani
- F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd, Statistics Basel Switzerland
| | - B. Althaus
- Genentech Inc., Product Development Hematology South San Francisco USA
| | - S. Simko
- Genentech Inc., Product Development Hematology South San Francisco USA
| | - G. P. Gregory
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Department of Clinical Haematology Melbourne Australia
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Kim W, Assouline S, Bartlett N, Bosch F, Budde L, Cheah C, Gregory G, Hong J, Ku M, Marlton P, Matasar M, Nastoupil L, Panizo C, Sehn L, Tzachanis D, Chu W, Hernandez M, Kwan A, Li C, Sison I, Wei M, Yin S, Yousefi K, Yoon S. AN ONGOING PHASE 1/1B TRIAL INVESTIGATING NOVEL TREATMENT REGIMENS WITH MOSUNETUZUMAB IN RELAPSED/REFRACTORY B-CELL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.15_2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W.S. Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - S. Assouline
- Division of Hematology; Jewish General Hospital; Montréal, QC Canada
| | - N.L. Bartlett
- Siteman Cancer Center; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; St. Louis MO United States
| | - F. Bosch
- Department of Hematology; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | - L.E. Budde
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation; City of Hope National Medical Center; Duarte CA United States
| | - C. Cheah
- Linear Clinical Research and School of Medicine; University of Western Australia; WA Australia
| | - G.P. Gregory
- School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - J. Hong
- Department of Oncology; ASAN Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - M. Ku
- Department of Haematology; St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne; Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - P. Marlton
- Department of Medicine; University of Queensland School of Medicine and Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - M. Matasar
- Lymphoma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Department of Medicine; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York NY United States
| | - L. Nastoupil
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Cancer Medicine; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston TX United States
| | - C. Panizo
- Haemotology and Haemotherapy Department; Clínica Universidad de Navarra; Pamplona Spain
| | - L.H. Sehn
- Medical Oncology; BC Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer and University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - D. Tzachanis
- Department of Medicine; University of California San Diego; La Jolla CA United States
| | - W. Chu
- Product Development Oncology; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA United States
| | - M.G. Hernandez
- Product Development Oncology; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA United States
| | - A. Kwan
- Product Development Oncology; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA United States
| | - C.C. Li
- Product Development Oncology; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA United States
| | - I. Sison
- Product Development Oncology; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA United States
| | - M.C. Wei
- Product Development Oncology; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA United States
| | - S. Yin
- Product Development Oncology; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA United States
| | - K. Yousefi
- Product Development, Biometrics, Biostatistics; Genentech, Inc.; South San Francisco CA United States
| | - S. Yoon
- Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Kwak MK, Ku M, Kang SO. Inducible NAD(H)-linked methylglyoxal oxidoreductase regulates cellular methylglyoxal and pyruvate through enhanced activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and methylglyoxal-oxidizing enzymes in glutathione-depleted Candida albicans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:18-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shin Y, Lee S, Ku M, Kwak MK, Kang SO. Cytochrome c peroxidase regulates intracellular reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal via enzyme activities of erythroascorbate peroxidase and glutathione-related enzymes in Candida albicans. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 92:183-201. [PMID: 29031807 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
D-erythroascorbate peroxidase (EAPX1) deficiency causes glutathione deprivation, leading to the accumulation of methylglyoxal and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and especially, induction of cytochrome c peroxidase (Ccp1) in Candida albicans. Nevertheless, reciprocal effects between changes in Ccp1 activity and the antioxidative D-erythroascorbic acid- and glutathione-dependent redox status, which reflects methylglyoxal biosynthesis altering pathophysiology are unclear in eukaryotes. To elucidate the effect of CCP1 expression on EAPX1 and glutathione reductase (Glr1) activity-mediated D-erythroascorbic acid biosynthesis and redox homeostasis, the CCP1 gene was disrupted and overexpressed. First, we demonstrated both glutathione-independent and-dependent metabolite contents and their corresponding gene transcripts and enzyme activities (i.e., Ccp1, catalase-peroxidase [KatG], superoxide dismutase [Sod], Eapx1, and Glr1) in CCP1 mutants. Second, methylglyoxal-oxidizing alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) and methylglyoxal-reducing oxidoreductase activity on glycolytic methylglyoxal and pyruvate production and NAD(P)H content were determined in these mutants. Contrary to our expectation, CCP1 disruption (42.19±3.22nmolO2h-1mgwetcell-1) failed to affect cell respiration compared to the wild-type strain (41.62±7.11nmolO2h-1mgwetcell-1) under cyanide treatment, and in contrast to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment (21.74±1.03nmol O2h-1mgwetcell-1). Additionally, Ccp1 predominantly detoxified H2O2 rather than negligible scavenging activities towards methylglyoxal and other oxidants. CCP1 deficiency stimulated Sod and Adh1 activity but downregulated Glr1, Eapx1, catalase, and peroxidase activity while enhancing KatG, EAPX1, and GLR1 transcription by decreasing glutathione and D-erythroascorbic acid and increasing pyruvate. Noticeably, the ROS-accumulating CCP1-deficient mutant maintained steady-state levels of methylglyoxal, which was revealed to be regulated by methylglyoxal-oxidizing and -reducing activity with drastic changes in NAD(P)H. We confirmed and clarified our results by showing that CCP1/EAPX1 double disruptants underwent severe growth defects due to the D-erythroascorbic acid and glutathione depletion because of pyruvate overaccumulation. These observations were made in both budding and hyphal-growing CCP1 mutants. The revealed metabolic network involving Ccp1 and other redox regulators affected ROS and methylglyoxal through D-erythroascorbic acid and glutathione-dependent metabolites, thereby influencing dimorphism. This is the first report of the Ccp1-mediated D-erythroascorbic acid and glutathione biosynthesis accompanying methylglyoxal scavengers for full fungal virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungHo Shin
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoung Lee
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - MyungHee Ku
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Seymour J, Opat S, Cull G, Trotman J, Gottlieb D, Simpson D, Marlton P, Anderson M, Ku M, Ritchie D, Ratnasingam S, Augustson B, Kim W, Wang L, Xue L, Hilger J, Huang J, Hedrick E, Roberts A, Tam C. HIGH OVERALL RESPONSE RATE WITH THE BTK INHIBITOR BGB-3111 IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA: AN UPDATE ON SAFETY AND ACTIVITY. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2438_97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.F. Seymour
- Department of Haematology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | - S. Opat
- Clinical Haematology; Monash Health; Clayton Australia
| | - G. Cull
- Department of Haematology; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Perth Australia
| | - J. Trotman
- Department of Haematology; Concord Hospital; Concord Australia
| | - D. Gottlieb
- Haematology Department; Westmead Hospital; Westmead Australia
| | - D. Simpson
- Aukland Haematology; North Shore Hospital; Aukland New Zealand
| | - P. Marlton
- University of Queensland School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Australia
| | - M. Anderson
- Department of Clinical Haematology & BMT, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Parkville Australia
| | - M. Ku
- Clinical Haematology, Austin Health; Heidelberg Australia
| | - D.S. Ritchie
- Department of Haematology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
| | | | - B. Augustson
- Department of Haematology; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Perth Australia
| | - W. Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; Samsung Medical Center; Seoul Korea, Republic of
| | - L. Wang
- Research and Development Center, BeiGene, Beijing and Emeryville; CA, US China
| | - L. Xue
- Research and Development Center, BeiGene, Beijing and Emeryville; CA, US China
| | - J. Hilger
- Research and Development Center, BeiGene, Beijing and Emeryville; CA, US China
| | - J. Huang
- Research and Development Center, BeiGene, Beijing and Emeryville; CA, US China
| | - E. Hedrick
- Research and Development Center, BeiGene, Beijing and Emeryville; CA, US China
| | - A.W. Roberts
- Department of Clinical Haematology & BMT, The Royal Melbourne Hospital; University of Melbourne; Parkville Australia
| | - C.S. Tam
- Department of Haematology; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; East Melbourne Australia
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Ku M, Baek YU, Kwak MK, Kang SO. Candida albicans glutathione reductase downregulates Efg1-mediated cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway and leads to defective hyphal growth and virulence upon decreased cellular methylglyoxal content accompanied by activating alcohol dehydrogenase and glycolytic enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:772-788. [PMID: 27751952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione reductase maintains the glutathione level in a reduced state. As previously demonstrated, glutathione is required for cell growth/division and its biosynthesizing-enzyme deficiency causes methylglyoxal accumulation. However, experimental evidences for reciprocal relationships between Cph1-/Efg1-mediated signaling pathway regulation and methylglyoxal production exerted by glutathione reductase on yeast morphology remain unclear. METHODS Glutathione reductase (GLR1) disruption/overexpression were performed to investigate aspects of pathological/morphological alterations in Candida albicans. These assumptions were proved by observations of cellular susceptibility to oxidants and thiols, and measurements of methylglyoxal and glutathione content in hyphal-inducing conditions mainly through the activity of GLR1-overexpressing cells. Additionally, the transcriptional/translational levels of bioenergetic enzymes and dimorphism-regulating protein kinases were examined in the strain. RESULTS The GLR1-deficient strain was non-viable when GLR1 expression under the control of a CaMAL2 promoter was conditionally repressed, despite partial rescue of growth by exogenous thiols. During filamentation, non-growing hyphal GLR1-overexpressing cells exhibited resistance against oxidants and cellular methylglyoxal was significantly decreased, which concomitantly increased expressions of genes encoding energy-generating enzymes, including fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1), with remarkable repression of Efg1-signaling cascades. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that GLR1-triggered Efg1-mediated signal transduction repression strictly reduces dimorphic switching and virulence by maintaining the basal level of methylglyoxal following the enhanced gene expressions of glycolytic enzymes and ADH1. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The Efg1 downregulatory mechanism by GLR1 expression has possibilities to involve in other complex network of signal pathways. Understanding how GLR1 overexpression affects multiple signaling pathways can help identify attractive targets for antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyungHee Ku
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Un Baek
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Lee E, Yang J, Ku M, Kim NH, Park Y, Park CB, Suh JS, Park ES, Yook JI, Mills GB, Huh YM, Cheong JH. Metabolic stress induces a Wnt-dependent cancer stem cell-like state transition. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1805. [PMID: 26136078 PMCID: PMC4650724 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment drive multiple clinically significant behaviors including dormancy, invasion, and metastasis as well as therapy resistance. These microenvironment-dependent phenotypes share typical characteristics with cancer stem cells (CSC). However, it is poorly understood how metabolic stress in the confined tumor microenvironment contributes to the emergence and maintenance of CSC-like phenotypes. Here, we demonstrate that chronic metabolic stress (CMS) in a long-term nutrient deprivation induces a Wnt-dependent phenoconversion of non-stem cancer cells toward stem-like state and this is reflected in the transcriptome analysis. Addition of Wnt3a as well as transfection of dominant-negative Tcf4 establishes an obligatory role for the Wnt pathway in the acquisition of CSC-like characteristics in response to metabolic stress. Furthermore, systematic characterization for multiple single cell-derived clones and negative enrichment of CD44+/ESA+ stem-like cancer cells, all of which recapitulate stem-like cancer characteristics, suggest stochastic adaptation rather than selection of pre-existing subclones. Finally, CMS in the tumor microenvironment can drive a CSC-like phenoconversion of non-stem cancer cells through stochastic state transition dependent on the Wnt pathway. These findings contribute to an understanding of the metabolic stress-driven dynamic transition of non-stem cancer cells to a stem-like state in the tumor metabolic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Nanomedical National Core Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Ku
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - N H Kim
- Department of Oral pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Park
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - C B Park
- Department of Oral pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - J-S Suh
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Park
- Yonsei-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - J I Yook
- Department of Oral pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - G B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y-M Huh
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Cheong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kwak MK, Song SH, Ku M, Kang SO. Candida albicans erythroascorbate peroxidase regulates intracellular methylglyoxal and reactive oxygen species independently of D-erythroascorbic acid. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1863-71. [PMID: 25957768 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans D-erythroascorbate peroxidase (EAPX1), which can catalyze the oxidation of D-erythroascorbic acid (EASC) to water, was observed to be inducible in EAPX1-deficient and EAPX1-overexpressing cells via activity staining. EAPX1-deficient cells have remarkably increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal independent of the intracellular EASC content. The increased methylglyoxal caused EAPX1-deficient cells to activate catalase-peroxidase and cytochrome c peroxidase, which led to defects in cell growth, viability, mitochondrial respiration, filamentation and virulence. These findings indicate that EAPX1 mediates cell differentiation and virulence by regulating intracellular methylglyoxal along with oxidative stresses, regardless of endogenous EASC biosynthesis or alternative oxidase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Song
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - MyungHee Ku
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lee JE, Oh JH, Ku M, Kim J, Lee JS, Kang SO. Ssn6 has dual roles in Candida albicans filament development through the interaction with Rpd31. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:513-20. [PMID: 25601565 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ssn6 is a crucial regulator of morphological transition and virulence in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Ssn6 has previously been reported to act in complex with the transcriptional repressor Tup1. Here, we report that Ssn6 also interacts with the histone deacetylase Rpd31, independently of Tup1. The ssn6/rpd31 double mutant strain formed elongated filaments, but failed to form filament extension, and this coincided with the down-regulation of the filament extension gene UME6. Occupancy patterns of Ssn6 and Rpd31 differed at the promoters of UME6 and the metabolic gene INO1. These findings indicate that, in C. albicans, Ssn6 has dual roles in filament development, depending on the interaction with Rpd31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hyun Oh
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - MyungHee Ku
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Shin Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Hu F, Ku M, Markovic D, Dzaye ODA, Lehnardt S, Wolf SA, Kettenmann H, Synowitz M. P17.40 * GLIOMA ASSOCIATED MICROGLIAL MMP9 EXPRESSION IS UP REGULATED BY TLR2 SIGNALLING AND SENSITIVE TO MINOCYCLINE. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Kwak MK, Ku M, Kang SO. NAD(+)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase 1 regulates methylglyoxal concentration in Candida albicans. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:1144-53. [PMID: 24607541 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We purified a fraction that showed NAD(+)-linked methylglyoxal dehydrogenase activity, directly catalyzing methylglyoxal oxidation to pyruvate, which was significantly increased in glutathione-depleted Candida albicans. It also showed NADH-linked methylglyoxal-reducing activity. The fraction was identified as a NAD(+)-linked alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) through mass spectrometric analyses. In ADH1-disruptants of both the wild type and glutathione-depleted cells, the intracellular methylglyoxal concentration increased significantly; defects in growth, differentiation, and virulence were observed; and G2-phase arrest was induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kwak
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - MyungHee Ku
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Ouk Kang
- Laboratory of Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences, and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Fairman A, Macarthur J, Cohen J, Hiesinger W, Ku M, Shudo Y, Atluri P, Woo Y. Biochemically Engineered Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1alpha Analog Increases Perfusion in The Ischemic Hindlimb. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Benoiton L, Autagavaia V, Pencheva L, Perley A, Hill O, Song N, Murphy D, Sheriff A, Allbon D, Ku M, Williams MJA, Wilkins GT, Chen VHT. Use of Bivalirudin During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute St Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Pak VV, Ku M, Li N, Kim MS, Kasymova TD, Kwon DY. Structures of the Peptide Leu-Pro-Tyr-Pro and Its Derivatives and the Nicotinamide Part of NADPH by a Semi-Empirical PM3 Method. Chem Nat Compd 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-005-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Rodríguez MC, Margos G, Compton H, Ku M, Lanz H, Rodríguez MH, Sinden RE. Plasmodium berghei: routine production of pure gametocytes, extracellular gametes, zygotes, and ookinetes. Exp Parasitol 2002; 101:73-6. [PMID: 12243741 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4894(02)00035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Rodríguez
- Infection and Immunity Section, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, Department of Biology, Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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18
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Ku M. Austrian universities. Scientists spar over reform plan. Science 2001; 292:1625-6. [PMID: 11387446 DOI: 10.1126/science.292.5522.1625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Ku M. Swiss science. New program draws praise, complaints. Science 2001; 291:964. [PMID: 11232571 DOI: 10.1126/science.291.5506.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Abstract
The micronuclear DNA of Paramecium tetraurelia is estimated to contain over 50,000 short DNA elements that are precisely removed during the formation of the transcriptionally active macronucleus. Each internal eliminated sequence (IES) is bounded by 5'-TA-3' dinucleotide repeats, a feature common to some classes of DNA transposons. We have developed an in vivo assay to analyze these highly efficient and precise DNA excision events. The microinjection of a cloned IES into mating cells results in accurately spliced products, and the transformed cells maintain the injected DNA as extrachromosomal molecules. A series of deletions flanking one side of a 28-bp IES were constructed and analyzed with the in vivo assay. Whereas 72 bp of DNA flanking the eliminated region is sufficient for excision, lengths of 31 and 18 bp result in reduced excision and removal of all wild-type sequences adjacent to the TA results in complete failure of excision. In contrast, nucleotide mutations within the middle of the 28-bp IES do not prevent excision. The results are consistent with a functional role for perfect inverted repeats flanking the IES.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ku
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Chow J, Munro C, Wong M, Gonzalez N, Ku M, Neville S, Munro R, Hall B, Cleland B, Howlin K, Suranyi MG. HomeChoice automated peritoneal dialysis machines: the impact of reuse of tubing and cassettes. Perit Dial Int 2000; 20:336-8. [PMID: 10898052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Chow
- Renal Unit, Liverpool Hospital, South Western Area Pathology Service, South Western Sydney Area Health Service, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
We have isolated and characterized a novel Xenopus wnt gene, Xwnt-11, whose expression pattern and overexpression phenotype suggest that it may be important for dorsal-ventral axis formation. Xwnt-11 mRNA is present during oogenesis and embryonic development through swimming tadpole stages. Xwnt-11 mRNA is ubiquitous in early oocytes and is localized during mid-oogenesis. By late oocyte stages, Xwnt-11 mRNA is localized to the vegetal cortex, with some mRNA in the vegetal cytoplasm. After egg maturation, Xwnt-11 mRNA is released from the vegetal cortex and is found in the vegetal cytoplasm. This early pattern of Xwnt-11 mRNA localization is similar to another vegetally localized maternal mRNA, Vg1 (D. A. Melton (1987) Nature 328, 80–82). In the late blastula, Xwnt-11 mRNA is found at high levels in the dorsal marginal zone. As gastrulation proceeds, Xwnt-11 mRNA appears in the lateral and ventral marginal zone and, during tadpole stages, it is found in the somites and first branchial arch. Injection of Xwnt-11 mRNA into UV-ventralized embryos can substantially rescue the UV defect by inducing the formation of dorsal tissues. The rescued embryos develop somitic muscle and neural tube; however, they lack notochord and anterior head structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Steinbeisser H, De Robertis EM, Ku M, Kessler DS, Melton DA. Xenopus axis formation: induction of goosecoid by injected Xwnt-8 and activin mRNAs. Development 1993; 118:499-507. [PMID: 7900991 DOI: 10.1242/dev.118.2.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compare the effects of three mRNAs-goosecoid, activin and Xwnt-8- that are able to induce partial or complete secondary axes when injected into Xenopus embryos. Xwnt-8 injection produces complete secondary axes including head structures whereas activin and goosecoid injection produce partial secondary axes at high frequency that lack head structures anterior to the auditory vesicle and often lack notochord. Xwnt-8 can activate goosecoid only in the deep marginal zone, i.e., in the region in which this organizer-specific homeobox gene is normally expressed on the dorsal side. Activin B mRNA, however, can turn on goosecoid in all regions of the embryo. We also tested the capacity of these gene products to restore axis formation in embryos in which the cortical rotation was blocked by UV irradiation. Whereas Xwnt-8 gives complete rescue of anterior structures, both goosecoid and activin give partial rescue. Rescued axes including hindbrain structures up to level of the auditory vesicle can be obtained at high frequency even in the absence of notochord structures. The possible functions of Wnt-like and activin-like signals and of the goosecoid homeobox gene, and their order of action in the formation of Spemann's organizer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Steinbeisser
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1737
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Lee JM, Ku M, Haberer SA. The bovine pericardial xenograft: III. Effect of uniaxial and sequential biaxial stress during fixation on the tensile viscoelastic properties of bovine pericardium. J Biomed Mater Res 1989; 23:491-506. [PMID: 2715162 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820230504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Our previous two articles have shown that glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium is nearly isotropic, whether fixed without constraints, with tethering, or with pressure. In this study, we have used uniaxial stress during fixation to produce bovine pericardial material with marked tensile anisotropy. Rectangular and cruciate pericardial samples have been mechanically examined after one of four treatments: (i) fixation under 88-kPa uniaxial stress, (ii) fixation under 176-kPa uniaxial stress, (iii) 3 h of 176-kPa uniaxial stress in saline followed by 24-h fixation under the same stress, (iv) fixation under 176-kPa uniaxial stress followed by a second fixation under 176-kPa stress in a direction normal to the first. Strips of material were cut at 0 degree, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees to direction of the initial stress, and tested for response to cyclic loading, stress relaxation, plastic deformation, and fracture properties. Fixation under uniaxial stress produced anistropy similar to that seen in porcine aortic valve leaflets; however, the overall extensibility of the material depended on the applied stress and the aspect ratio of the stressed sample. While loading in saline produced no change, the sequential biaxial stressing produced a reduction in anisotropy, suggesting exposure of additional crosslinking sites. Uniaxial stress during fixation may be a useful method for construction of anisotropic heart valve leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lee
- Centre for Biomaterials, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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