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Kraus P, Bainglass E, Ramirez FF, Svaluto-Ferro E, Ercole L, Kunz B, Huber SP, Plainpan N, Marzari N, Battaglia C, Pizzi G. A bridge between trust and control: computational workflows meet automated battery cycling. J Mater Chem A Mater 2024; 12:10773-10783. [PMID: 38725523 PMCID: PMC11077506 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta06889g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Compliance with good research data management practices means trust in the integrity of the data, and it is achievable by full control of the data gathering process. In this work, we demonstrate tooling which bridges these two aspects, and illustrate its use in a case study of automated battery cycling. We successfully interface off-the-shelf battery cycling hardware with the computational workflow management software AiiDA, allowing us to control experiments, while ensuring trust in the data by tracking its provenance. We design user interfaces compatible with this tooling, which span the inventory, experiment design, and result analysis stages. Other features, including monitoring of workflows and import of externally generated and legacy data are also implemented. Finally, the full software stack required for this work is made available in a set of open-source packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kraus
- Materials for Energy Conversion, Empa Überlandstr. 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Technische Universität Berlin, Centre for Advanced Ceramic Materials Hardenbergstr. 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Edan Bainglass
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Francisco F Ramirez
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Enea Svaluto-Ferro
- Materials for Energy Conversion, Empa Überlandstr. 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Loris Ercole
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Kunz
- Materials for Energy Conversion, Empa Überlandstr. 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Sebastiaan P Huber
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nukorn Plainpan
- Materials for Energy Conversion, Empa Überlandstr. 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Corsin Battaglia
- Materials for Energy Conversion, Empa Überlandstr. 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering Gloriastrasse 35 8092 Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Materials (IMX), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pizzi
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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2
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Gazzarrini E, Cersonsky RK, Bercx M, Adorf CS, Marzari N. The rule of four: anomalous distributions in the stoichiometries of inorganic compounds. NPJ Comput Mater 2024; 10:73. [PMID: 38751828 PMCID: PMC11090804 DOI: 10.1038/s41524-024-01248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Why are materials with specific characteristics more abundant than others? This is a fundamental question in materials science and one that is traditionally difficult to tackle, given the vastness of compositional and configurational space. We highlight here the anomalous abundance of inorganic compounds whose primitive unit cell contains a number of atoms that is a multiple of four. This occurrence-named here the rule of four-has to our knowledge not previously been reported or studied. Here, we first highlight the rule's existence, especially notable when restricting oneself to experimentally known compounds, and explore its possible relationship with established descriptors of crystal structures, from symmetries to energies. We then investigate this relative abundance by looking at structural descriptors, both of global (packing configurations) and local (the smooth overlap of atomic positions) nature. Contrary to intuition, the overabundance does not correlate with low-energy or high-symmetry structures; in fact, structures which obey the rule of four are characterized by low symmetries and loosely packed arrangements maximizing the free volume. We are able to correlate this abundance with local structural symmetries, and visualize the results using a hybrid supervised-unsupervised machine learning method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gazzarrini
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rose K. Cersonsky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Marnik Bercx
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl S. Adorf
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Bonfà P, Onuorah IJ, Lang F, Timrov I, Monacelli L, Wang C, Sun X, Petracic O, Pizzi G, Marzari N, Blundell SJ, De Renzi R. Magnetostriction-Driven Muon Localization in an Antiferromagnetic Oxide. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:046701. [PMID: 38335330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.046701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Magnetostriction results from the coupling between magnetic and elastic degrees of freedom. Though it is associated with a relatively small energy, we show that it plays an important role in determining the site of an implanted muon, so that the energetically favorable site can switch on crossing a magnetic phase transition. This surprising effect is demonstrated in the cubic rocksalt antiferromagnet MnO which undergoes a magnetostriction-driven rhombohedral distortion at the Néel temperature T_{N}=118 K. Above T_{N}, the muon becomes delocalized around a network of equivalent sites, but below T_{N} the distortion lifts the degeneracy between these equivalent sites. Our first-principles simulations based on Hubbard-corrected density-functional theory and molecular dynamics are consistent with the experimental data and help to resolve a long-standing puzzle regarding muon data on MnO, as well as having wider applicability to other magnetic oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Bonfà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ifeanyi John Onuorah
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Franz Lang
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Iurii Timrov
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Monacelli
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chennan Wang
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Sun
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS-2 and Peter Grünberg Institute PGI-4, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oleg Petracic
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS-2 and Peter Grünberg Institute PGI-4, JARA-FIT, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Giovanni Pizzi
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Blundell
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto De Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Universitá di Parma, I-43124 Parma, Italy
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4
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Vahdat M, Li S, Huang S, Bondaz L, Bonnet N, Hsu KJ, Marzari N, Agrawal KV. Mechanistic Insights on Functionalization of Graphene with Ozone. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces 2023; 127:22015-22022. [PMID: 38024196 PMCID: PMC10658624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of graphene to O3 results in functionalization of its lattice with epoxy, even at room temperature. This reaction is of fundamental interest for precise lattice patterning, however, is not well understood. Herein, using van der Waals density functional theory (vdW-DFT) incorporating spin-polarized calculations, we find that O3 strongly physisorbs on graphene with a binding energy of -0.46 eV. It configures in a tilted position with the two terminal O atoms centered above the neighboring graphene honeycombs. A dissociative chemisorption follows by surpassing an energy barrier of 0.75 eV and grafting an epoxy group on graphene reducing the energy of the system by 0.14 eV from the physisorbed state. Subsequent O3 chemisorption is preferred on the same honeycomb, yielding two epoxy groups separated by a single C-C bridge. We show that capturing the onset of spin in oxygen during chemisorption is crucial. We verify this finding with experiments where an exponential increase in the density of epoxy groups as a function of reaction temperature yields an energy barrier of 0.66 eV, in agreement with the DFT prediction. These insights will help efforts to obtain precise patterning of the graphene lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Tohidi Vahdat
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Shaoxian Li
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Luc Bondaz
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Nicéphore Bonnet
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kuang-Jung Hsu
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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5
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Dos Santos Dias M, Biniskos N, Dos Santos FJ, Schmalzl K, Persson J, Bourdarot F, Marzari N, Blügel S, Brückel T, Lounis S. Topological magnons driven by the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the centrosymmetric ferromagnet Mn 5Ge 3. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7321. [PMID: 37951946 PMCID: PMC10640582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase of the quantum-mechanical wave function can encode a topological structure with wide-ranging physical consequences, such as anomalous transport effects and the existence of edge states robust against perturbations. While this has been exhaustively demonstrated for electrons, properties associated with the elementary quasiparticles in magnetic materials are still underexplored. Here, we show theoretically and via inelastic neutron scattering experiments that the bulk ferromagnet Mn5Ge3 hosts gapped topological Dirac magnons. Although inversion symmetry prohibits a net Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the unit cell, it is locally allowed and is responsible for the gap opening in the magnon spectrum. This gap is predicted and experimentally verified to close by rotating the magnetization away from the c-axis with an applied magnetic field. Hence, Mn5Ge3 realizes a gapped Dirac magnon material in three dimensions. Its tunability by chemical doping or by thin film nanostructuring defines an exciting new platform to explore and design topological magnons. More generally, our experimental route to verify and control the topological character of the magnons is applicable to bulk centrosymmetric hexagonal materials, which calls for systematic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dos Santos Dias
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA, D-52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen and CENIDE, D-47053, Duisburg, Germany.
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK.
| | - N Biniskos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at MLZ, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16, Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - F J Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland.
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - K Schmalzl
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at ILL, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - J Persson
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2) and Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-4), JARA-FIT, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - F Bourdarot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, MEM, MDN, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - N Marzari
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Blügel
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - T Brückel
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2) and Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-4), JARA-FIT, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - S Lounis
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich & JARA, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen and CENIDE, D-47053, Duisburg, Germany
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6
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Qiao J, Pizzi G, Marzari N. Projectability disentanglement for accurate and automated electronic-structure Hamiltonians. NPJ Comput Mater 2023; 9:208. [PMID: 38666055 PMCID: PMC11041802 DOI: 10.1038/s41524-023-01146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Maximally-localized Wannier functions (MLWFs) are broadly used to characterize the electronic structure of materials. Generally, one can construct MLWFs describing isolated bands (e.g. valence bands of insulators) or entangled bands (e.g. valence and conduction bands of insulators, or metals). Obtaining accurate and compact MLWFs often requires chemical intuition and trial and error, a challenging step even for experienced researchers and a roadblock for high-throughput calculations. Here, we present an automated approach, projectability-disentangled Wannier functions (PDWFs), that constructs MLWFs spanning the occupied bands and their complement for the empty states, providing a tight-binding picture of optimized atomic orbitals in crystals. Key to the algorithm is a projectability measure for each Bloch state onto atomic orbitals, determining if that state should be kept identically, discarded, or mixed into the disentanglement. We showcase the accuracy on a test set of 200 materials, and the reliability by constructing 21,737 Wannier Hamiltonians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Qiao
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pizzi
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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7
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Linscott EB, Colonna N, De Gennaro R, Nguyen NL, Borghi G, Ferretti A, Dabo I, Marzari N. koopmans: An Open-Source Package for Accurately and Efficiently Predicting Spectral Properties with Koopmans Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7097-7111. [PMID: 37610300 PMCID: PMC10601481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade we have developed Koopmans functionals, a computationally efficient approach for predicting spectral properties with an orbital-density-dependent functional framework. These functionals impose a generalized piecewise linearity condition to the entire electronic manifold, ensuring that orbital energies match the corresponding electron removal/addition energy differences (in contrast to semilocal DFT, where a mismatch between the two lies at the heart of the band gap problem and, more generally, the unreliability of Kohn-Sham orbital energies). This strategy has proven to be very powerful, yielding molecular orbital energies and solid-state band structures with comparable accuracy to many-body perturbation theory but at greatly reduced computational cost while preserving a functional formulation. This paper reviews the theory of Koopmans functionals, discusses the algorithms necessary for their implementation, and introduces koopmans, an open-source package that contains all of the code and workflows needed to perform Koopmans functional calculations and obtain reliable spectral properties of molecules and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B. Linscott
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Colonna
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo De Gennaro
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc Linh Nguyen
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa
University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- A&A
Green Phoenix Group JSC, Phenikaa Research
and Technology Institute (PRATI), No. 167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Giovanni Borghi
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ismaila Dabo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute,
and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer
Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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8
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Vahdat MT, Li S, Huang S, Pignedoli CA, Marzari N, Agrawal KV. Unraveling the Oxidation of a Graphitic Lattice: Structure Determination of Oxygen Clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:168001. [PMID: 37925704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.168001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the oxidation of graphitic lattice is of great interest for atomic-scale lattice manipulation. Herein, we build epoxy cluster, atom by atom, using Van der Waals' density-functional theory aided by Clar's aromatic π-sextet rule. We predict the formation of cyclic epoxy trimers and its linear chains propagating along the armchair direction of the lattice to minimize the system's energy. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy on oxidized graphitic lattice, we identify linear chains as bright features that have a threefold symmetry, and which exclusively run along the armchair direction of the lattice confirming the theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tohidi Vahdat
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaoxian Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
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9
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Rivano N, Marzari N, Sohier T. Infrared-active phonons in one-dimensional materials and their spectroscopic signatures. NPJ Comput Mater 2023; 9:194. [PMID: 38666058 PMCID: PMC11041644 DOI: 10.1038/s41524-023-01140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Dimensionality provides a clear fingerprint on the dispersion of infrared-active, polar-optical phonons. For these phonons, the local dipoles parametrized by the Born effective charges drive the LO-TO splitting of bulk materials; this splitting actually breaks down in two-dimensional materials. Here, we develop the theory for one-dimensional (1D) systems-nanowires, nanotubes, and atomic and polymeric chains. Combining an analytical model with the implementation of density-functional perturbation theory in 1D boundary conditions, we show that the dielectric splitting in the dispersion relations collapses as x 2 log ( x ) at the zone center. The dielectric properties and the radius of the 1D materials are linked by the present work to these red shifts, opening infrared and Raman characterization avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Rivano
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thibault Sohier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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10
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Margot F, Lisi S, Cucchi I, Cappelli E, Hunter A, Gutiérrez-Lezama I, Ma K, von Rohr F, Berthod C, Petocchi F, Poncé S, Marzari N, Gibertini M, Tamai A, Morpurgo AF, Baumberger F. Electronic Structure of Few-Layer Black Phosphorus from μ-ARPES. Nano Lett 2023; 23:6433-6439. [PMID: 37460109 PMCID: PMC10375583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) stands out among two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors because of its high mobility and thickness dependent direct band gap. However, the quasiparticle band structure of ultrathin BP has remained inaccessible to experiment thus far. Here we use a recently developed laser-based microfocus angle resolved photoemission (μ-ARPES) system to establish the electronic structure of 2-9 layer BP from experiment. Our measurements unveil ladders of anisotropic, quantized subbands at energies that deviate from the scaling observed in conventional semiconductor quantum wells. We quantify the anisotropy of the effective masses and determine universal tight-binding parameters, which provide an accurate description of the electronic structure for all thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Margot
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Lisi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Irène Cucchi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Cappelli
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hunter
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Lezama
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - KeYuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian von Rohr
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Berthod
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petocchi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Poncé
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, BE-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Laboratory of Theory and Simulation of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gibertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Tamai
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alberto F Morpurgo
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Felix Baumberger
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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11
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Simoncelli M, Mauri F, Marzari N. Thermal conductivity of glasses: first-principles theory and applications. NPJ Comput Mater 2023; 9:106. [PMID: 38666060 PMCID: PMC11041661 DOI: 10.1038/s41524-023-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Predicting the thermal conductivity of glasses from first principles has hitherto been a very complex problem. The established Allen-Feldman and Green-Kubo approaches employ approximations with limited validity-the former neglects anharmonicity, the latter misses the quantum Bose-Einstein statistics of vibrations-and require atomistic models that are very challenging for first-principles methods. Here, we present a protocol to determine from first principles the thermal conductivity κ(T) of glasses above the plateau (i.e., above the temperature-independent region appearing almost without exceptions in the κ(T) of all glasses at cryogenic temperatures). The protocol combines the Wigner formulation of thermal transport with convergence-acceleration techniques, and accounts comprehensively for the effects of structural disorder, anharmonicity, and Bose-Einstein statistics. We validate this approach in vitreous silica, showing that models containing less than 200 atoms can already reproduce κ(T) in the macroscopic limit. We discuss the effects of anharmonicity and the mechanisms determining the trend of κ(T) at high temperature, reproducing experiments at temperatures where radiative effects remain negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Simoncelli
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group of the Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Campi D, Mounet N, Gibertini M, Pizzi G, Marzari N. Expansion of the Materials Cloud 2D Database. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 37310789 PMCID: PMC10403156 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are among the most promising candidates for beyond-silicon electronic, optoelectronic, and quantum computing applications. Recently, their recognized importance sparked a push to discover and characterize novel 2D materials. Within a few years, the number of experimentally exfoliated or synthesized 2D materials went from a few to more than a hundred, with the number of theoretically predicted compounds reaching a few thousand. In 2018 we first contributed to this effort with the identification of 1825 compounds that are either easily (1036) or potentially (789) exfoliable from experimentally known 3D compounds. Here, we report on a major expansion of this 2D portfolio thanks to the extension of the screening protocol to an additional experimental database (MPDS) as well as the updated versions of the two databases (ICSD and COD) used in our previous work. This expansion leads to the discovery of an additional 1252 monolayers, bringing the total to 3077 compounds and, notably, almost doubling the number of easily exfoliable materials to 2004. We optimize the structural properties of all these monolayers and explore their electronic structure with a particular emphasis on those rare large-bandgap 2D materials that could be precious in isolating 2D field-effect-transistor channels. Finally, for each material containing up to 6 atoms per unit cell, we identify the best candidates to form commensurate heterostructures, balancing requirements on supercell size and minimal strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R.Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicolas Mounet
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gibertini
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125 Modena, Italy
- Centro S3, Istituto di Nanoscienze-CNR, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pizzi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations (LMS), Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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Poncé S, Royo M, Gibertini M, Marzari N, Stengel M. Accurate Prediction of Hall Mobilities in Two-Dimensional Materials through Gauge-Covariant Quadrupolar Contributions. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:166301. [PMID: 37154627 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.166301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts, accurate computations of electron-phonon and carrier transport properties of low-dimensional materials from first principles have remained elusive. By building on recent advances in the description of long-range electrostatics, we develop a general approach to the calculation of electron-phonon couplings in two-dimensional materials. We show that the nonanalytic behavior of the electron-phonon matrix elements depends on the Wannier gauge, but that a missing Berry connection restores invariance to quadrupolar order. We showcase these contributions in a MoS_{2} monolayer, calculating intrinsic drift and Hall mobilities with precise Wannier interpolations. We also find that the contributions of dynamical quadrupoles to the scattering potential are essential, and that their neglect leads to errors of 23% and 76% in the room-temperature electron and hole Hall mobilities, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Poncé
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miquel Royo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marco Gibertini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/a, I-41125 Modena, Italy
- Centro S3, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Via Campi 213/a, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Massimiliano Stengel
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Schubert Y, Marzari N, Linscott E. Testing Koopmans spectral functionals on the analytically solvable Hooke's atom. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:144113. [PMID: 37061501 DOI: 10.1063/5.0138610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Koopmans spectral functionals are a class of orbital-density-dependent functionals designed to accurately predict spectroscopic properties. They do so markedly better than their Kohn-Sham density-functional theory counterparts, as demonstrated in earlier works on benchmarks of molecules and bulk systems. This work is a complementary study where-instead of comparing against real, many-electron systems-we test Koopmans spectral functionals on Hooke's atom, a toy two-electron system that has analytical solutions for particular strengths of its harmonic confining potential. As these calculations clearly illustrate, Koopmans spectral functionals do an excellent job of describing Hooke's atom across a range of confining potential strengths. This work also provides broader insights into the features and capabilities of Koopmans spectral functionals more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Schubert
- Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward Linscott
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Timrov I, Kotiuga M, Marzari N. Unraveling the effects of inter-site Hubbard interactions in spinel Li-ion cathode materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9061-9072. [PMID: 36919455 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00419h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Accurate first-principles predictions of the structural, electronic, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of cathode materials can be key in the design of novel efficient Li-ion batteries. Spinel-type cathode materials LixMn2O4 and LixMn1.5Ni0.5O4 are promising candidates for Li-ion battery technologies, but they present serious challenges when it comes to their first-principles modeling. Here, we use density-functional theory with extended Hubbard functionals-DFT+U+V with on-site U and inter-site V Hubbard interactions-to study the properties of these transition-metal oxides. The Hubbard parameters are computed from first-principles using density-functional perturbation theory. We show that while U is crucial to obtain the right trends in properties of these materials, V is essential for a quantitative description of the structural and electronic properties, as well as the Li-intercalation voltages. This work paves the way for reliable first-principles studies of other families of cathode materials without relying on empirical fitting or calibration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iurii Timrov
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Kotiuga
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
CsSnI3 is a promising ecofriendly solution for energy harvesting technologies. It exists at room temperature in either a black perovskite polymorph or a yellow 1D double-chain, which irreversibly deteriorates in the air. In this work, we unveil the relative thermodynamic stability between the two structures with a first-principles sampling of the CsSnI3 finite-temperature phase diagram, discovering how it is driven by anomalously large quantum and anharmonic ionic fluctuations. Thanks to a comprehensive treatment of anharmonicity, the simulations deliver a remarkable agreement with known experimental data for the transition temperatures of the orthorhombic, rhombohedral, and cubic perovskite structures and the thermal expansion coefficient. We disclose how the perovskite polymorphs are the ground state above 270 K and discover an abnormal decrease in heat capacity upon heating in the cubic black perovskite. Our results also significantly downplay the Cs+ rattling modes' contribution to mechanical instability. The remarkable agreement with experiments validates our methodology, which can be systematically applied to all metal halides.
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Materzanini G, Chiarotti T, Marzari N. Solids that are also liquids: elastic tensors of superionic materials. NPJ Comput Mater 2023; 9:10. [PMID: 38666054 PMCID: PMC11041723 DOI: 10.1038/s41524-022-00948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Superionics are fascinating materials displaying both solid- and liquid-like characteristics: as solids, they respond elastically to shear stress; as liquids, they display fast-ion diffusion at normal conditions. In addition to such scientific interest, superionics are technologically relevant for energy, electronics, and sensing applications. Characterizing and understanding their elastic properties is, e.g., urgently needed to address their feasibility as solid-state electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries. However, static approaches to elasticity assume well-defined reference positions around which atoms vibrate, in contrast with the quasi-liquid motion of the mobile ions in fast ionic conductors. Here, we derive the elastic tensors of superionics from ensemble fluctuations in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble, exploiting extensive Car-Parrinello simulations. We apply this approach to paradigmatic Li-ion conductors, and complement with a block analysis to compute statistical errors. Static approaches sampled over the trajectories often overestimate the response, highlighting the importance of a dynamical treatment in determining elastic tensors in superionics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Materzanini
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Tommaso Chiarotti
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Huang S, Villalobos LF, Li S, Vahdat MT, Chi HY, Hsu KJ, Bondaz L, Boureau V, Marzari N, Agrawal KV. In Situ Nucleation-Decoupled and Site-Specific Incorporation of Å-Scale Pores in Graphene Via Epoxidation. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2206627. [PMID: 36271513 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Generating pores in graphene by decoupled nucleation and expansion is desired to achieve a fine control over the porosity, and is desired to advance several applications. Herein, epoxidation is introduced, which is the formation of nanosized epoxy clusters on the graphitic lattice as nucleation sites without forming pores. In situ gasification of clusters inside a transmission electron microscope shows that pores are generated precisely at the site of the clusters by surpassing an energy barrier of 1.3 eV. Binding energy predictions using ab initio calculations combined with the cluster nucleation theory reveal the structure of the epoxy clusters and indicate that the critical cluster is an epoxy dimer. Finally, it is shown that the cluster gasification can be manipulated to form Å-scale pores which then effectively sieve gas molecules based on their size. This decoupled cluster nucleation and pore formation will likely pave the way for an independent control of pore size and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Huang
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Luis Francisco Villalobos
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Shaoxian Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Tohidi Vahdat
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1950, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Heng-Yu Chi
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Kuang-Jung Hsu
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Luc Bondaz
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Victor Boureau
- Interdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy, EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, CH-1950, Switzerland
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Colonna N, De Gennaro R, Linscott E, Marzari N. Koopmans Spectral Functionals in Periodic Boundary Conditions. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5435-5448. [PMID: 35924825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Koopmans spectral functionals aim to describe simultaneously ground-state properties and charged excitations of atoms, molecules, nanostructures, and periodic crystals. This is achieved by augmenting standard density functionals with simple but physically motivated orbital-density-dependent corrections. These corrections act on a set of localized orbitals that, in periodic systems, resemble maximally localized Wannier functions. At variance with the original, direct supercell implementation (Phys. Rev. X 2018, 8, 021051), we discuss here (i) the complex but efficient formalism required for a periodic boundary code using explicit Brillouin zone sampling and (ii) the calculation of the screened Koopmans corrections with density functional perturbation theory. In addition to delivering improved scaling with system size, the present development makes the calculation of band structures with Koopmans functionals straightforward. The implementation in the open-source Quantum ESPRESSO distribution and the application to prototypical insulating and semiconducting systems are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Colonna
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo De Gennaro
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward Linscott
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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20
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Libbi F, de Melo PMMC, Zanolli Z, Verstraete MJ, Marzari N. Phonon-Assisted Luminescence in Defect Centers from Many-Body Perturbation Theory. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:167401. [PMID: 35522499 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phonon-assisted luminescence is a key property of defect centers in semiconductors, and can be measured to perform the readout of the information stored in a quantum bit, or to detect temperature variations. The investigation of phonon-assisted luminescence usually employs phenomenological models, such as that of Huang and Rhys, with restrictive assumptions that can fail to be predictive. In this work, we predict luminescence and study exciton-phonon couplings within a rigorous many-body perturbation theory framework, an analysis that has never been performed for defect centers. In particular, we study the optical emission of the negatively charged boron vacancy in 2D hexagonal boron nitride, which currently stands out among defect centers in 2D materials thanks to its promise for applications in quantum information and quantum sensing. We show that phonons are responsible for the observed luminescence, which otherwise would be dark due to symmetry. We also show that the symmetry breaking induced by the static Jahn-Teller effect is not able to describe the presence of the experimentally observed peak at 1.5 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Libbi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Miguel M C de Melo
- Chemistry Department, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.000, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands
- nanomat/Q-mat/CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zeila Zanolli
- Chemistry Department, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.000, 3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Jean Verstraete
- nanomat/Q-mat/CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Li S, Vahdat MT, Huang S, Hsu KJ, Rezaei M, Mensi M, Marzari N, Agrawal KV. Structure Evolution of Graphitic Surface upon Oxidation: Insights by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. JACS Au 2022; 2:723-730. [PMID: 35373205 PMCID: PMC8970004 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of graphitic materials has been studied for more than a century to synthesize materials such as graphene oxide, nanoporous graphene, and to cut or unzip carbon nanotubes. However, the understanding of the early stages of oxidation is limited to theoretical studies, and experimental validation has been elusive. This is due to (i) challenging sample preparation for characterization because of the presence of highly mobile and reactive epoxy groups formed during oxidation, and (ii) gasification of the functional groups during imaging with atomic resolution, e.g., by transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we utilize a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope (LT-STM) operating at 4 K to solve the structure of epoxy clusters form upon oxidation. Three distinct nanostructures corresponding to three stages of evolution of vacancy defects are found by quantitatively verifying the experimental data by the van der Waals density functional theory. The smallest cluster is a cyclic epoxy trimer. Their observation validates the theoretical prediction that epoxy trimers minimize the energy in the cyclic structure. The trimers grow into honeycomb superstructures to form larger clusters (1-3 nm). Vacancy defects evolve only in the larger clusters (2-3 nm) in the middle of the cluster, highlighting the role of lattice strain in the generation of vacancies. Semiquinone groups are also present and are assigned at the carbon edge in the vacancy defects. Upon heating to 800 °C, we observe cluster-free vacancy defects resulting from the loss of the entire epoxy population, indicating a reversible functionalization of epoxy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Li
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Tohidi Vahdat
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Kuang-Jung Hsu
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Mojtaba Rezaei
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- Institut
des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory
of Advanced Separations (LAS), École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion 1950, Switzerland
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22
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Polishchuk S, Puppin M, Crepaldi A, Gatti G, Dirin DN, Nazarenko O, Colonna N, Marzari N, Kovalenko MV, Grioni M, Chergui M. Nanoscale-Resolved Surface-to-Bulk Electron Transport in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite. Nano Lett 2022; 22:1067-1074. [PMID: 35044784 PMCID: PMC8832496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Describing the nanoscale charge carrier transport at surfaces and interfaces is fundamental for designing high-performance optoelectronic devices. To achieve this, we employ time- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with ultraviolet pump and extreme ultraviolet probe pulses. The resulting high surface sensitivity reveals an ultrafast carrier population decay associated with surface-to-bulk transport, which was tracked with a sub-nanometer spatial resolution normal to the surface, and on a femtosecond time scale, in the case of the inorganic CsPbBr3 lead halide perovskite. The decay time exhibits a pronounced carrier density dependence, which is attributed via modeling to enhanced diffusive transport and concurrent recombination. The transport is found to approach an ordinary diffusive regime, limited by electron-hole scattering, at the highest excitation fluences. This approach constitutes an important milestone in our capability to probe hot-carrier transport at solid interfaces with sub-nanometer resolution in a theoretically and experimentally challenging, yet technologically relevant, high-carrier-density regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Polishchuk
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Puppin
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Crepaldi
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Gatti
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Olga Nazarenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Colonna
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- National
Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Grioni
- Institute
of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire
de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast
Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Cherkashinin G, Eilhardt R, Nappini S, Cococcioni M, Píš I, Dal Zilio S, Bondino F, Marzari N, Magnano E, Alff L. Energy Level Alignment at the Cobalt Phosphate/Electrolyte Interface: Intrinsic Stability vs Interfacial Chemical Reactions in 5 V Lithium Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:543-556. [PMID: 34932299 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic stability of the 5 V LiCoPO4-LiCo2P3O10 thin-film (carbon-free) cathode material coated with MoO3 thin layer is studied using a comprehensive synchrotron electron spectroscopy in situ approach combined with first-principle calculations. The atomic-molecular level study demonstrates fully reversible electronic properties of the cathode after the first electrochemical cycle. The polyanionic oxide is not involved in chemical reactions with the fluoroethylene-containing liquid electrolyte even when charged to 5.1 V vs Li+/Li. The high stability of the cathode is explained on the basis of the developed energy level model. In contrast, the chemical composition of the cathode-electrolyte interface evolves continuously by involving MoO3 in the decomposition reaction with consequent leaching of oxide from the surface. The proposed mechanisms of chemical reactions are attributed to external electrolyte oxidation via charge transfer from the relevant electron level to the MoO3 valence band state and internal electrolyte oxidation via proton transfer to the solvents. This study provides a deeper insight into the development of both a doping strategy to enhance the electronic conductivity of high-voltage cathode materials and an efficient surface coating against unfavorable interfacial chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Cherkashinin
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert Eilhardt
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Silvia Nappini
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Cococcioni
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Igor Píš
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Elettra─Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Dal Zilio
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Federica Bondino
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM CNR Laboratorio TASC, Strada Statale 14, km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lambert Alff
- Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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24
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Abstract
A recent 2D spinFET concept proposes to switch electrostatically between two separate sublayers with strong and opposite intrinsic Rashba effects, exploiting the spin-layer-locking mechanism in centrosymmetric materials with local dipole fields. Here, we propose a novel monolayer material within this family, lutetium oxide iodide (LuIO). It displays one of the largest Rashba effects among 2D materials (up to kR = 0.08 Å-1), leading to a π/2 rotation of the spins over just 1 nm. The monolayer was predicted to be exfoliable from its experimentally known 3D bulk counterpart, with a binding energy lower than graphene. We characterize and simulate the interplay of the two gate-controlled parameters for such devices: doping and spin channel selection. We show that the ability to split the spin channels in energy diminishes with doping, leading to specific gate-operation guidelines that can apply to all devices based on spin-layer locking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antimo Marrazzo
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Matthieu Jean Verstraete
- Nanomat/QMAT/CESAM and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19 (B5a), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thibault Daniel Pierre Sohier
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nanomat/QMAT/CESAM and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19 (B5a), 4000 Liège, Belgium
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25
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Zhou JJ, Park J, Timrov I, Floris A, Cococcioni M, Marzari N, Bernardi M. Ab Initio Electron-Phonon Interactions in Correlated Electron Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:126404. [PMID: 34597093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.126404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron-phonon (e-ph) interactions are pervasive in condensed matter, governing phenomena such as transport, superconductivity, charge-density waves, polarons, and metal-insulator transitions. First-principles approaches enable accurate calculations of e-ph interactions in a wide range of solids. However, they remain an open challenge in correlated electron systems (CES), where density functional theory often fails to describe the ground state. Therefore reliable e-ph calculations remain out of reach for many transition metal oxides, high-temperature superconductors, Mott insulators, planetary materials, and multiferroics. Here we show first-principles calculations of e-ph interactions in CES, using the framework of Hubbard-corrected density functional theory (DFT+U) and its linear response extension (DFPT+U), which can describe the electronic structure and lattice dynamics of many CES. We showcase the accuracy of this approach for a prototypical Mott system, CoO, carrying out a detailed investigation of its e-ph interactions and electron spectral functions. While standard DFPT gives unphysically divergent and short-ranged e-ph interactions, DFPT+U is shown to remove the divergences and properly account for the long-range Fröhlich interaction, allowing us to model polaron effects in a Mott insulator. Our work establishes a broadly applicable and affordable approach for quantitative studies of e-ph interactions in CES, a novel theoretical tool to interpret experiments in this broad class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jian Zhou
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jinsoo Park
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Iurii Timrov
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Floris
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Cococcioni
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, Via A. Bassi 6, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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26
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Pizzi G, Milana S, Ferrari AC, Marzari N, Gibertini M. Shear and Breathing Modes of Layered Materials. ACS Nano 2021; 15:12509-12534. [PMID: 34370440 PMCID: PMC8397437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Layered materials (LMs), such as graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition-metal dichalcogenides, are at the center of an ever-increasing research effort, due to their scientific and technological relevance. Raman and infrared spectroscopies are accurate, non-destructive approaches to determine a wide range of properties, including the number of layers, N, and the strength of the interlayer interactions. We present a general approach to predict the complete spectroscopic fan diagrams, i.e., the relations between frequencies and N for the optically active shear and layer-breathing modes of any multilayer comprising N ≥ 2 identical layers. In order to achieve this, we combine a description of the normal modes in terms of a one-dimensional mechanical model, with symmetry arguments that describe the evolution of the point group as a function of N. Group theory is then used to identify which modes are Raman- and/or infrared-active, and to provide diagrams of the optically active modes for any stack composed of identical layers. We implement the method and algorithms in an open-source tool to assist researchers in the prediction and interpretation of such diagrams. Our work will underpin future efforts on Raman and infrared characterization of known, and yet not investigated, LMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pizzi
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- E-mail:
| | - Silvia Milana
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OFA, U.K.
| | - Andrea C. Ferrari
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 OFA, U.K.
- E-mail:
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Gibertini
- Theory
and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, IT-41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Quantum Matter Physics, University of
Geneva, CH-1211 Genéve, Switzerland
- E-mail:
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27
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Andersen CW, Armiento R, Blokhin E, Conduit GJ, Dwaraknath S, Evans ML, Fekete Á, Gopakumar A, Gražulis S, Merkys A, Mohamed F, Oses C, Pizzi G, Rignanese GM, Scheidgen M, Talirz L, Toher C, Winston D, Aversa R, Choudhary K, Colinet P, Curtarolo S, Di Stefano D, Draxl C, Er S, Esters M, Fornari M, Giantomassi M, Govoni M, Hautier G, Hegde V, Horton MK, Huck P, Huhs G, Hummelshøj J, Kariryaa A, Kozinsky B, Kumbhar S, Liu M, Marzari N, Morris AJ, Mostofi AA, Persson KA, Petretto G, Purcell T, Ricci F, Rose F, Scheffler M, Speckhard D, Uhrin M, Vaitkus A, Villars P, Waroquiers D, Wolverton C, Wu M, Yang X. OPTIMADE, an API for exchanging materials data. Sci Data 2021; 8:217. [PMID: 34385453 PMCID: PMC8361091 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMADE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper W Andersen
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rickard Armiento
- Materials Design and Informatics unit, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Evgeny Blokhin
- Tilde Materials Informatics, Straßmannstraße 25, 10249, Berlin, Germany.,Materials Platform for Data Science, Sepapaja 6, 15551, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Gareth J Conduit
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Shyam Dwaraknath
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew L Evans
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Ádám Fekete
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium.,Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhijith Gopakumar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Saulius Gražulis
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Vilnius University, Naugarduko g. 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Merkys
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Fawzi Mohamed
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corey Oses
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Giovanni Pizzi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Marco Rignanese
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium.
| | - Markus Scheidgen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leopold Talirz
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Cormac Toher
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Donald Winston
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rossella Aversa
- National Research Council-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), 34136, Trieste, Italy.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kamal Choudhary
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Pauline Colinet
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Stefano Curtarolo
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Davide Di Stefano
- Ansys, 300 Rustat House, 62 Clifton Rd, Cambridge, CB1 7EG, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Draxl
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Suleyman Er
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Esters
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Marco Fornari
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials Program, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859, USA
| | - Matteo Giantomassi
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Marco Govoni
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Geoffroy Hautier
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Vinay Hegde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew K Horton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Patrick Huck
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Georg Huhs
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hummelshøj
- Toyota Research Institute (TRI), Los Altos, California, 94022, USA
| | - Ankit Kariryaa
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Boris Kozinsky
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA.,Robert Bosch LLC, Research and Technology Center North America, 255 Main St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Snehal Kumbhar
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Arash A Mostofi
- Departments of Materials and Physics, and the Thomas Young Centre, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Material Science and Engineering, Hearst Mining Memorial Building, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Guido Petretto
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Thomas Purcell
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Ricci
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Frisco Rose
- Center for Autonomous Materials Design, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Speckhard
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik and IRIS Adlershof, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Uhrin
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antanas Vaitkus
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pierre Villars
- Materials Platform for Data Science, Sepapaja 6, 15551, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - David Waroquiers
- UCLouvain, Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Michael Wu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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de Almeida JM, Nguyen NL, Colonna N, Chen W, Rodrigues Miranda C, Pasquarello A, Marzari N. Electronic Structure of Water from Koopmans-Compliant Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3923-3930. [PMID: 34137253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining a precise theoretical description of the spectral properties of liquid water poses challenges for both molecular dynamics (MD) and electronic structure methods. The lower computational cost of the Koopmans-compliant functionals with respect to Green's function methods allows the simulations of many MD trajectories, with a description close to the state-of-art quasi-particle self-consistent GW plus vertex corrections method (QSGW + fxc). Thus, we explore water spectral properties when different MD approaches are used, ranging from classical MD to first-principles MD, and including nuclear quantum effects. We have observed that different MD approaches lead to up to 1 eV change in the average band gap; thus, we focused on the band gap dependence with the geometrical properties of a system to explain such spread. We have evaluated the changes in the band gap due to variations in the intramolecular O-H bond distance and HOH angle, as well as the intermolecular hydrogen bond O···O distance and the OHO angles. We have observed that the dominant contribution comes from the O-H bond length; the O···O distance plays a secondary role, and the other geometrical properties do not significantly influence the gap. Furthermore, we analyze the electronic density of states (DOS), where the KIPZ functional shows good agreement with the DOS obtained with state-of-art approaches employing quasi-particle self-consistent GW plus vertex corrections. The O-H bond length also significantly influences the DOS. When nuclear quantum effects are considered, broadening of the peaks driven by the broader distribution of the O-H bond lengths is observed, leading to a closer agreement with the experimental photoemission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Moraes de Almeida
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Santo André, 09210-580 SP, Brazil.,Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc Linh Nguyen
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Colonna
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Alfredo Pasquarello
- Chaire de Simulation à l'Echelle Atomique (CSEA), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Marzari N, Ferretti A, Wolverton C. Electronic-structure methods for materials design. Nat Mater 2021; 20:736-749. [PMID: 34045704 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The accuracy and efficiency of electronic-structure methods to understand, predict and design the properties of materials has driven a new paradigm in research. Simulations can greatly accelerate the identification, characterization and optimization of materials, with this acceleration driven by continuous progress in theory, algorithms and hardware, and by adaptation of concepts and tools from computer science. Nevertheless, the capability to identify and characterize materials relies on the predictive accuracy of the underlying physical descriptions, and on the ability to capture the complexity of realistic systems. We provide here an overview of electronic-structure methods, of their application to the prediction of materials properties, and of the different strategies employed towards the broader goals of materials design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Chris Wolverton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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30
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Campi D, Kumari S, Marzari N. Prediction of Phonon-Mediated Superconductivity with High Critical Temperature in the Two-Dimensional Topological Semimetal W 2N 3. Nano Lett 2021; 21:3435-3442. [PMID: 33856216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional superconductors attract great interest both for their fundamental physics and for their potential applications, especially in the rapidly growing field of quantum computing. Despite intense theoretical and experimental efforts, materials with a reasonably high transition temperature are still rare. Even more rare are those that combine superconductivity with a nontrivial band topology that could potentially give rise to exotic states of matter. Here, we predict a remarkably high superconducting critical temperature of 21 K in the easily exfoliable, topologically nontrivial 2D semimetal W2N3. By studying its electronic and superconducting properties as a function of doping and strain, we also find large changes in the electron-phonon interactions that make this material a unique platform to study different coupling regimes and test the limits of current theories of superconductivity. Last, we discuss the possibility of tuning the material to achieve coexistence of superconductivity and topologically nontrivial edge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simran Kumari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Abstract
Predictive modeling of two-dimensional (2D) materials is at the crossroad of two current rapidly growing interests: 2D materials per se, massively sought after and explored in experimental laboratories, and materials theoretical-computational models in general, flourishing on a fertile mix of condensed-matter physics and chemistry with advancing computational technology. Here the general methods and specific techniques of modeling are briefly overviewed, along with a somewhat philosophical assessment of what "prediction" is, followed by selected practical examples for 2D materials, from structures and properties, to device functionalities and synthetic routes for their making. We conclude with a brief sketch-outlook of future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Muy S, Marzari N. On the design of solid-state Li-ion batteries. Nat Comput Sci 2021; 1:179-180. [PMID: 38183192 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-021-00043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sokseiha Muy
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Pfisterer JHK, Nattino F, Zhumaev UE, Breiner M, Feliu JM, Marzari N, Domke KF. Role of OH Intermediates during the Au Oxide Electro-Reduction at Low pH Elucidated by Electrochemical Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Implicit Solvent Density Functional Theory. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12716-12726. [PMID: 33194302 PMCID: PMC7654126 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Molecular understanding of the electrochemical
oxidation of metals
and the electro-reduction of metal oxides is of pivotal importance
for the rational design of catalyst-based devices where metal(oxide)
electrodes play a crucial role. Operando monitoring
and reliable identification of reacting species, however, are challenging
tasks because they require surface-molecular sensitive and specific
experiments under reaction conditions and sophisticated theoretical
calculations. The lack of molecular insight under operating conditions
is largely due to the limited availability of operando tools and to date still hinders a quick technological advancement
of electrocatalytic devices. Here, we present a combination of advanced
density functional theory (DFT) calculations considering implicit
solvent contributions and time-resolved electrochemical surface-enhanced
Raman spectroscopy (EC-SERS) to identify short-lived reaction intermediates
during the showcase electro-reduction of Au oxide (AuOx) in sulfuric
acid over several tens of seconds. The EC-SER spectra provide evidence
for temporary Au-OH formation and for the asynchronous adsorption
of (bi)sulfate ions at the surface during the reduction process. Spectral
intensity fluctuations indicate an OH/(bi)sulfate turnover period
of 4 s. As such, the presented EC-SERS potential jump approach combined
with implicit solvent DFT simulations allows us to propose a reaction
mechanism and prove that short-lived Au-OH intermediates also play
an active role during the AuOx electro-reduction in acidic media,
implying their potential relevance also for other electrocatalytic
systems operating at low pH, like metal corrosion, the oxidation of
CO, HCOOH, and other small organic molecules, and the oxygen evolution
reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas H. K. Pfisterer
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesco Nattino
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulmas E. Zhumaev
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuel Breiner
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan M. Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katrin F. Domke
- Molecular Spectroscopy Department, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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34
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Talirz L, Kumbhar S, Passaro E, Yakutovich AV, Granata V, Gargiulo F, Borelli M, Uhrin M, Huber SP, Zoupanos S, Adorf CS, Andersen CW, Schütt O, Pignedoli CA, Passerone D, VandeVondele J, Schulthess TC, Smit B, Pizzi G, Marzari N. Materials Cloud, a platform for open computational science. Sci Data 2020; 7:299. [PMID: 32901046 PMCID: PMC7479138 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials Cloud is a platform designed to enable open and seamless sharing of resources for computational science, driven by applications in materials modelling. It hosts (1) archival and dissemination services for raw and curated data, together with their provenance graph, (2) modelling services and virtual machines, (3) tools for data analytics, and pre-/post-processing, and (4) educational materials. Data is citable and archived persistently, providing a comprehensive embodiment of entire simulation pipelines (calculations performed, codes used, data generated) in the form of graphs that allow retracing and reproducing any computed result. When an AiiDA database is shared on Materials Cloud, peers can browse the interconnected record of simulations, download individual files or the full database, and start their research from the results of the original authors. The infrastructure is agnostic to the specific simulation codes used and can support diverse applications in computational science that transcend its initial materials domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Talirz
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Valais, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951, Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Snehal Kumbhar
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Passaro
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Valais, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Aliaksandr V Yakutovich
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Valais, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Granata
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Gargiulo
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Borelli
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Uhrin
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiaan P Huber
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Spyros Zoupanos
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl S Adorf
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Casper Welzel Andersen
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ole Schütt
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Passerone
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- nanotech@surfaces laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Joost VandeVondele
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS), CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C Schulthess
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS), CH-6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Berend Smit
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Valais, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pizzi
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicola Marzari
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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35
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Huber SP, Zoupanos S, Uhrin M, Talirz L, Kahle L, Häuselmann R, Gresch D, Müller T, Yakutovich AV, Andersen CW, Ramirez FF, Adorf CS, Gargiulo F, Kumbhar S, Passaro E, Johnston C, Merkys A, Cepellotti A, Mounet N, Marzari N, Kozinsky B, Pizzi G. AiiDA 1.0, a scalable computational infrastructure for automated reproducible workflows and data provenance. Sci Data 2020; 7:300. [PMID: 32901044 PMCID: PMC7479590 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-growing availability of computing power and the sustained development of advanced computational methods have contributed much to recent scientific progress. These developments present new challenges driven by the sheer amount of calculations and data to manage. Next-generation exascale supercomputers will harden these challenges, such that automated and scalable solutions become crucial. In recent years, we have been developing AiiDA (aiida.net), a robust open-source high-throughput infrastructure addressing the challenges arising from the needs of automated workflow management and data provenance recording. Here, we introduce developments and capabilities required to reach sustained performance, with AiiDA supporting throughputs of tens of thousands processes/hour, while automatically preserving and storing the full data provenance in a relational database making it queryable and traversable, thus enabling high-performance data analytics. AiiDA's workflow language provides advanced automation, error handling features and a flexible plugin model to allow interfacing with external simulation software. The associated plugin registry enables seamless sharing of extensions, empowering a vibrant user community dedicated to making simulations more robust, user-friendly and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan P Huber
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Spyros Zoupanos
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Uhrin
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leopold Talirz
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, Sion, CH-1951, Valais, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Kahle
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rico Häuselmann
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Gresch
- Microsoft Station Q, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, 93106-6105, USA
| | - Tiziano Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aliaksandr V Yakutovich
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, Sion, CH-1951, Valais, Switzerland
| | - Casper W Andersen
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francisco F Ramirez
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl S Adorf
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Gargiulo
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Snehal Kumbhar
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elsa Passaro
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Conrad Johnston
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrius Merkys
- Vilnius University Institute of Biotechnology, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrea Cepellotti
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Mounet
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Boris Kozinsky
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States
- Robert Bosch LLC, Research and Technology Center North America, 255 Main St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Giovanni Pizzi
- National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de l'Ingénieur, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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36
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Klinkert C, Szabó Á, Stieger C, Campi D, Marzari N, Luisier M. 2-D Materials for Ultrascaled Field-Effect Transistors: One Hundred Candidates under the Ab Initio Microscope. ACS Nano 2020; 14:8605-8615. [PMID: 32530608 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to their remarkable properties, single-layer 2-D materials appear as excellent candidates to extend Moore's scaling law beyond the currently manufactured silicon FinFETs. However, the known 2-D semiconducting components, essentially transition metal dichalcogenides, are still far from delivering the expected performance. Based on a recent theoretical study that predicts the existence of more than 1800 exfoliable 2-D materials, we investigate here the 100 most promising contenders for logic applications. Their current versus voltage characteristics are simulated from first-principles, combining density functional theory and advanced quantum transport calculations. Both n- and p-type configurations are considered, with gate lengths ranging from 15 down to 5 nm. From this large collection of electronic materials, we identify 13 compounds with electron and hole currents potentially much higher than those in future Si FinFETs. The resulting database widely expands the design space of 2-D transistors and provides original guidelines to the materials and device engineering community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Klinkert
- Integrated System Laboratory, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Áron Szabó
- Integrated System Laboratory, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Stieger
- Integrated System Laboratory, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Campi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Luisier
- Integrated System Laboratory, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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37
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Puppin M, Polishchuk S, Colonna N, Crepaldi A, Dirin DN, Nazarenko O, De Gennaro R, Gatti G, Roth S, Barillot T, Poletto L, Xian RP, Rettig L, Wolf M, Ernstorfer R, Kovalenko MV, Marzari N, Grioni M, Chergui M. Evidence of Large Polarons in Photoemission Band Mapping of the Perovskite Semiconductor CsPbBr_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:206402. [PMID: 32501104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.206402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskite (LHP) semiconductors are emergent optoelectronic materials with outstanding transport properties which are not yet fully understood. We find signatures of large polaron formation in the electronic structure of the inorganic LHP CsPbBr_{3} by means of angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental valence band dispersion shows a hole effective mass of 0.26±0.02 m_{e}, 50% heavier than the bare mass m_{0}=0.17 m_{e} predicted by density functional theory. Calculations of the electron-phonon coupling indicate that phonon dressing of the carriers mainly occurs via distortions of the Pb-Br bond with a Fröhlich coupling parameter α=1.81. A good agreement with our experimental data is obtained within the Feynman polaron model, validating a viable theoretical method to predict the carrier effective mass of LHPs ab initio.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Puppin
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Polishchuk
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Colonna
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Crepaldi
- Institute of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D N Dirin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - O Nazarenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - R De Gennaro
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Gatti
- Institute of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Roth
- Institute of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Barillot
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R P Xian
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Rettig
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - N Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Grioni
- Institute of Physics and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Giannozzi P, Baseggio O, Bonfà P, Brunato D, Car R, Carnimeo I, Cavazzoni C, de Gironcoli S, Delugas P, Ferrari Ruffino F, Ferretti A, Marzari N, Timrov I, Urru A, Baroni S. Quantum ESPRESSO toward the exascale. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:154105. [PMID: 32321275 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum ESPRESSO is an open-source distribution of computer codes for quantum-mechanical materials modeling, based on density-functional theory, pseudopotentials, and plane waves, and renowned for its performance on a wide range of hardware architectures, from laptops to massively parallel computers, as well as for the breadth of its applications. In this paper, we present a motivation and brief review of the ongoing effort to port Quantum ESPRESSO onto heterogeneous architectures based on hardware accelerators, which will overcome the energy constraints that are currently hindering the way toward exascale computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giannozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Informatiche e Fisiche, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy, European Union
| | - Oscar Baseggio
- SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy, European Union
| | - Pietro Bonfà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, I-43124 Parma, Italy, European Union
| | - Davide Brunato
- SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy, European Union
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Ivan Carnimeo
- SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy, European Union
| | - Carlo Cavazzoni
- Quantum ESPRESSO Foundation, Cambridge Road Ind Estate, Milton, Cambridge CB24 6AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano de Gironcoli
- CNR-IOM, Istituto dell'Officina dei Materiali, SISSA, I-34136 Trieste, Italy, European Union
| | - Pietro Delugas
- Quantum ESPRESSO Foundation, Cambridge Road Ind Estate, Milton, Cambridge CB24 6AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Ferretti
- Centro S3, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, via Campi 213/A, I-41125 Modena, Italy, European Union
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Quantum ESPRESSO Foundation, Cambridge Road Ind Estate, Milton, Cambridge CB24 6AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Iurii Timrov
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Urru
- SISSA - Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy, European Union
| | - Stefano Baroni
- CNR-IOM, Istituto dell'Officina dei Materiali, SISSA, I-34136 Trieste, Italy, European Union
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39
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Pizzi G, Vitale V, Arita R, Blügel S, Freimuth F, Géranton G, Gibertini M, Gresch D, Johnson C, Koretsune T, Ibañez-Azpiroz J, Lee H, Lihm JM, Marchand D, Marrazzo A, Mokrousov Y, Mustafa JI, Nohara Y, Nomura Y, Paulatto L, Poncé S, Ponweiser T, Qiao J, Thöle F, Tsirkin SS, Wierzbowska M, Marzari N, Vanderbilt D, Souza I, Mostofi AA, Yates JR. Wannier90 as a community code: new features and applications. J Phys Condens Matter 2020; 32:165902. [PMID: 31658458 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab51ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Wannier90 is an open-source computer program for calculating maximally-localised Wannier functions (MLWFs) from a set of Bloch states. It is interfaced to many widely used electronic-structure codes thanks to its independence from the basis sets representing these Bloch states. In the past few years the development of Wannier90 has transitioned to a community-driven model; this has resulted in a number of new developments that have been recently released in Wannier90 v3.0. In this article we describe these new functionalities, that include the implementation of new features for wannierisation and disentanglement (symmetry-adapted Wannier functions, selectively-localised Wannier functions, selected columns of the density matrix) and the ability to calculate new properties (shift currents and Berry-curvature dipole, and a new interface to many-body perturbation theory); performance improvements, including parallelisation of the core code; enhancements in functionality (support for spinor-valued Wannier functions, more accurate methods to interpolate quantities in the Brillouin zone); improved usability (improved plotting routines, integration with high-throughput automation frameworks), as well as the implementation of modern software engineering practices (unit testing, continuous integration, and automatic source-code documentation). These new features, capabilities, and code development model aim to further sustain and expand the community uptake and range of applicability, that nowadays spans complex and accurate dielectric, electronic, magnetic, optical, topological and transport properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pizzi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Cucchi I, Marrazzo A, Cappelli E, Riccò S, Bruno FY, Lisi S, Hoesch M, Kim TK, Cacho C, Besnard C, Giannini E, Marzari N, Gibertini M, Baumberger F, Tamai A. Bulk and Surface Electronic Structure of the Dual-Topology Semimetal Pt_{2}HgSe_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:106402. [PMID: 32216410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements on single crystals of Pt_{2}HgSe_{3} grown by high-pressure synthesis. Our data reveal a gapped Dirac nodal line whose (001) projection separates the surface Brillouin zone in topological and trivial areas. In the nontrivial k-space range, we find surface states with multiple saddle points in the dispersion, resulting in two van Hove singularities in the surface density of states. Based on density-functional theory calculations, we identify these surface states as signatures of a topological crystalline state, which coexists with a weak topological phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Cucchi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Marrazzo
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Cappelli
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Riccò
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Y Bruno
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- GFMC, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Lisi
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Photon Science, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - C Cacho
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - C Besnard
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Giannini
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Gibertini
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Baumberger
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A Tamai
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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41
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Villalobos LF, Vahdat MT, Dakhchoune M, Nadizadeh Z, Mensi M, Oveisi E, Campi D, Marzari N, Agrawal KV. Large-scale synthesis of crystalline g-C 3N 4 nanosheets and high-temperature H 2 sieving from assembled films. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay9851. [PMID: 32064325 PMCID: PMC6989336 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Poly(triazine imide) (PTI), a crystalline g-C3N4, hosting two-dimensional nanoporous structure with an electron density gap of 0.34 nm, is highly promising for high-temperature hydrogen sieving because of its high chemical and thermal robustness. Currently, layered PTI is synthesized in potentially unsafe vacuum ampules in milligram quantities. Here, we demonstrate a scalable and safe ambient pressure synthesis route leading to several grams of layered PTI platelets in a single batch with 70% yield with respect to the precursor. Solvent exfoliation under anhydrous conditions led to single-layer PTI nanosheets evidenced by the observation of triangular g-C3N4 nanopores. Gas permeation studies confirm that PTI nanopores can sieve He and H2 from larger molecules. Last, high-temperature H2 sieving from PTI nanosheet-based membranes, prepared by the scalable filter coating technique, is demonstrated with H2 permeance reaching 1500 gas permeation units, with H2/CO2, H2/N2, and H2/CH4 selectivities reaching 10, 50, and 60, respectively, at 250°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Francisco Villalobos
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Tohidi Vahdat
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, Switzerland
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mostapha Dakhchoune
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Zahra Nadizadeh
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, Switzerland
| | - Mounir Mensi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), EPFL, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Emad Oveisi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy (CIME), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Campi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kumar Varoon Agrawal
- Laboratory of Advanced Separations (LAS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, Switzerland
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42
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Abstract
Density-functional theory calculations augmented with a continuum description of the electrochemical environment are implemented to simulated X-ray absorption spectra as a function of the applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nattino
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL)
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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43
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Marrazzo A, Gibertini M, Campi D, Mounet N, Marzari N. Relative Abundance of [Formula: see text] Topological Order in Exfoliable Two-Dimensional Insulators. Nano Lett 2019; 19:8431-8440. [PMID: 31658415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum spin Hall insulators make up a class of two-dimensional materials with a finite electronic band gap in the bulk and gapless helical edge states. In the presence of time-reversal symmetry, [Formula: see text] topological order distinguishes the topological phase from the ordinary insulating one. Some of the phenomena that can be hosted in these materials, from one-dimensional low-dissipation electronic transport to spin filtering, could be promising for many technological applications in the fields of electronics, spintronics, and topological quantum computing. Nevertheless, the rarity of two-dimensional materials that can exhibit nontrivial [Formula: see text] topological order at room temperature hinders development. Here, we screen a comprehensive database we recently identified of 1825 monolayers that can be exfoliated from experimentally known compounds to search for novel quantum spin Hall insulators. Using density-functional and many-body perturbation theory simulations, we identify 13 monolayers that are candidates for quantum spin Hall insulators including high-performing materials such as AsCuLi2 and (platinum) jacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3). We also identify monolayer Pd2HgSe3 (palladium jacutingaite) as a novel Kane-Mele quantum spin Hall insulator and compare it with platinum jacutingaite. A handful of promising materials are mechanically stable and exhibit [Formula: see text] topological order, either unperturbed or driven by small amounts of strain. Such screening highlights a relative abundance of [Formula: see text] topological order of around 1% and provides an optimal set of candidates for experimental efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Marrazzo
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Marco Gibertini
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics , University of Geneva , 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Davide Campi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Mounet
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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Nattino F, Dupont C, Marzari N, Andreussi O. Functional Extrapolations to Tame Unbound Anions in Density-Functional Theory Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:6313-6322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nattino
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Céline Dupont
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), UMR 6303, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, Dijon Cedex 21078, France
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Oliviero Andreussi
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
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Backes C, Campi D, Szydlowska BM, Synnatschke K, Ojala E, Rashvand F, Harvey A, Griffin A, Sofer Z, Marzari N, Coleman JN, O'Regan DD. Equipartition of Energy Defines the Size-Thickness Relationship in Liquid-Exfoliated Nanosheets. ACS Nano 2019; 13:7050-7061. [PMID: 31199123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation is a commonly used method to produce 2D nanosheets from a range of layered crystals. However, such nanosheets display broad size and thickness distributions and correlations between area and thickness, issues that limit nanosheet application potential. To understand the factors controlling the exfoliation process, we have liquid-exfoliated 11 different layered materials, size-selecting each into fractions before using AFM to measure the nanosheet length, width, and thickness distributions for each fraction. The resultant data show a clear power-law scaling of nanosheet area with thickness for each material. We have developed a simple nonequilibrium thermodynamics-based model predicting that the power-law prefactor is proportional to both the ratios of in-plane-tearing/out-of-plane-peeling energies and in-plane/out-of-plane moduli. By comparing the experimental data with the modulus ratio calculated from first-principles, we find close agreement between experiment and theory. This supports our hypothesis that energy equipartition holds between nanosheet tearing and peeling during sonication-assisted exfoliation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Backes
- Chair of Applied Physical Chemistry , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Davide Campi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Beata M Szydlowska
- Chair of Applied Physical Chemistry , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- School of Physics and CRANN & AMBER Research Centers , Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Kevin Synnatschke
- Chair of Applied Physical Chemistry , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ezgi Ojala
- Chair of Applied Physical Chemistry , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Farnia Rashvand
- Chair of Applied Physical Chemistry , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 253 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Andrew Harvey
- School of Physics and CRANN & AMBER Research Centers , Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Aideen Griffin
- School of Physics and CRANN & AMBER Research Centers , Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Jonathan N Coleman
- School of Physics and CRANN & AMBER Research Centers , Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - David D O'Regan
- School of Physics and CRANN & AMBER Research Centers , Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland
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Abstract
Two-dimensional materials are emerging as a promising platform for ultrathin channels in field-effect transistors. To this aim, novel high-mobility semiconductors need to be found or engineered. Although extrinsic mechanisms can in general be minimized by improving fabrication processes, the suppression of intrinsic scattering (driven, for example, by electron-phonon interactions) requires modification of the electronic or vibrational properties of the material. Because intervalley scattering critically affects mobilities, a powerful approach to enhance transport performance relies on engineering the valley structure. We show here the power of this strategy using uniaxial strain to lift degeneracies and suppress scattering into entire valleys, dramatically improving performance. This is shown in detail for arsenene, where a 2% strain stops scattering into four of the six valleys and leads to a 600% increase in mobility. The mechanism is general and can be applied to many other materials, including in particular the isostructural antimonene and blue phosphorene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Sohier
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Marco Gibertini
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics , University of Geneva , CH-1211 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Davide Campi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pizzi
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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Abstract
The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) can be applied to compute from first-principles optical spectra that include the effects of screened electron-hole interactions. As input, BSE calculations require single-particle states, quasiparticle energy levels, and the screened Coulomb interaction, which are typically obtained with many-body perturbation theory, whose cost limits the scope of possible applications. This work tries to address this practical limitation, instead deriving spectral energies from Koopmans-compliant functionals and introducing a new methodology for handling the screened Coulomb interaction. The explicit calculation of the W matrix is bypassed via a direct minimization scheme applied on top of a maximally localized Wannier function basis. We validate and benchmark this approach by computing the low-lying excited states of the molecules in Thiel's set and the optical absorption spectrum of a C60 fullerene. The results show the same trends as quantum chemical methods and are in excellent agreement with previous simulations carried out at the time-dependent density functional theory or G0 W0-BSE level. Conveniently, the new framework reduces the parameter space controlling the accuracy of the calculation, thereby simplifying the simulation of charge-neutral excitations, offering the potential to expand the applicability of first-principles spectroscopies to larger systems of applied interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Elliott
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università Degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 8 , I-35131 Padova , Italy.,CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali , c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265 , 34136 Trieste , Italy
| | - Nicola Colonna
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Margherita Marsili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , University of Padova , I-35131 Padova , Italy
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Paolo Umari
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia , Università Degli Studi di Padova , via Marzolo 8 , I-35131 Padova , Italy.,CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS , Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali , c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265 , 34136 Trieste , Italy
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Nattino F, Truscott M, Marzari N, Andreussi O. Continuum models of the electrochemical diffuse layer in electronic-structure calculations. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041722. [PMID: 30709273 DOI: 10.1063/1.5054588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuum electrolyte models represent a practical tool to account for the presence of the diffuse layer at electrochemical interfaces. However, despite the increasing popularity of these in the field of materials science, it remains unclear which features are necessary in order to accurately describe interface-related observables such as the differential capacitance (DC) of metal electrode surfaces. We present here a critical comparison of continuum diffuse-layer models that can be coupled to an atomistic first-principles description of the charged metal surface in order to account for the electrolyte screening at electrified interfaces. By comparing computed DC values for the prototypical Ag(100) surface in an aqueous solution to experimental data, we validate the accuracy of the models considered. Results suggest that a size-modified Poisson-Boltzmann description of the electrolyte solution is sufficient to qualitatively reproduce the main experimental trends. Our findings also highlight the large effect that the dielectric cavity parameterization has on the computed DC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nattino
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Truscott
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, USA
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulations of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliviero Andreussi
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, USA
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Colonna N, Nguyen NL, Ferretti A, Marzari N. Koopmans-Compliant Functionals and Potentials and Their Application to the GW100 Test Set. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1905-1914. [PMID: 30640457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Koopmans-compliant (KC) functionals have been shown to provide accurate spectral properties through a generalized condition of piecewise linearity of the total energy as a function of the fractional addition/removal of an electron to/from any orbital. We analyze the performance of different KC functionals on a large and standardized set of 100 molecules, the GW100 test set, comparing vertical ionization potentials (taken as opposite of the orbital energies) to those obtained from accurate quantum chemistry methods, and to experimental results. We find excellent agreement, with a mean absolute error of 0.20 eV for the KIPZ functional on the first ionization potential, which is state-of-the-art for both density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations and many-body perturbation theory. We highlight similarities and differences between KC functionals and other electronic-structure approaches, such as dielectric-dependent hybrid functionals and Green's function methods, both from a theoretical and from a practical point of view, arguing that KC potentials can be considered as local and orbital-dependent approximations to the electronic self-energy, already including approximate vertex corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Colonna
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Ngoc Linh Nguyen
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | | | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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50
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Hörmann NG, Andreussi O, Marzari N. Grand canonical simulations of electrochemical interfaces in implicit solvation models. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041730. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5054580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas G. Hörmann
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliviero Andreussi
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, USA
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS), and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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